Ancient History & Civilisation

CHAPTER ELEVEN

THE CONSTANTINIAN ERA C. A.D. 313ñ364

Licinius I, A.D. 308ñ324

HUSBAND OF CONSTANTIA

FATHER OF LICINIUS II

HALF-BROTHER-IN-LAW OF CONSTANTINE THE GREAT

UNCLE OF DELMATIUS, HANNIBALLIANUS, CONSTANTIUS GALLUS, JULIAN II AND NEPOTIAN

Examples of obverse inscriptions:

Augustus:	IMP (C) LIC LICINIVS P F AVG
	IMP LICINIVS AVG
	IMP LICINIVS PIVS FELIX AVG
	LICINIVS AVGVSTVS
	LICINIVS P F AVG

Except where noted, busts are right-facing and laureate, sometimes cuirassed. Elaborate busts are common on his billon Æ3ís.

Licinius I (as Augustus)

3004	AV Aureus	700ñ1000	1250ñ1750	3000ñ5000
3005	ó obv Licinivs AVG OB D V Filu SVI, facing, bare-headed, dr., cuir bust rev IOVI CONS LICINI AVG, Jupiter entroned facing, hldg. scepter and Victory on globe, eagle at his feet upon basis inscr. SIC X SIC XX. RIC VII Nic 41, Ant 31ñ2. Note: The OB D V on the obverse abbreviates ob diem quinquennalium, indicating it was struck in 321. This is perhaps the last time Jupiter appears on Roman coins ó in this case, being modeled after Phidiasí famous statue in the Temple of Zeus at Olympia.	1500ñ2000	5000ñ8000	10,000ñ15,000
3006	ó rev Secvritas AVGG, Licinius, hldg. branch, driving quadriga r. RIC VI Sis 195,218a.	900ñ1200	2000ñ3000	7000ñ10,000
3007	AV 1-1/2 Scripulum (Nine-Siliqua) rev Iovi Conservatori AVGG, Jupiter enthroned 1., hldg. thunderbolt, leaning on scepter. RIC VI Tre 794.	900ñ1200	2000ñ3000

Licinius I (as Augustus)

3008	ó rev Vbiqve Victores, Licinius, in military garb, stg. facing, hd. r., hldg. spear and globe, captives std. at feet. RIC VI Tre 799ñ800.	1000ñ1500	2000ñ3000	ó
3009	AV Solidus	700ñ1000	1250ñ1750	4000ñ6000
3010	ó rev Principis Providentissimi, owl upon column inscr. SAPIENTIA in four lines; at base, helmet, spear and shield. RIC VII Arl 2.	700ñ1000	1500ñ2000	5000ñ8000
3011	ó rev Virtvs Avgvsti, lion stg. 1., hd. facing, club above. RIC VII Arl 5.	700ñ1000	1500ñ2000	5000ñ8000
3012	AR Heavy Miliarensis, obv Helm., cuir. bust 1., hldg. shield, spear over shoulder rev VOTA ORBIS ET VRBIS SEN ET P R, flaming cippus, on square basis, inscr. VOTA XX XXX MVL FEL, in field, L. RIC VII Aqu 80.	1500ñ2000	4000ñ6000	ó
3013	Billon Argenteus obv Laur., cuir. half-bust r. or 1., hldg. thunderbolt, scepter over shoulder rev IOVI Con Servat ORI AVG, Jupiter, hldg. scepter and thunderbolt, std. on eagle stg. r., wings spread. RIC VI Tre 825, VII Tri 211ñ2. Note: Struck c. 312ñ3, this argenteus contains about 25% silver. Its greatly debased successor is listed as no. 3023.	30ñ50	100ñ150	200ñ300
3014	Billon Nummus (c. 20ñ22mm)	5ñ15	15ñ25	30ñ50
3015	ó obv D D N N Iovii Liciniiinvict AVG ET Caes, confr. laur., dr. half-busts of Licinius I and Licinius II, sometimes eacg hldg. a scepter; both hldg. betw. a trophy of arms or statue of Fortuna or Victory on globe, rev IO M ET (Fort Conser or Vict Conser or Virtvti) D D N N AVG ET CAES, Jupiter stg. 1., leaning on scepter; at 1. a trophy of arms with two std. captives at base. RIC VII Her 50, Nic 38, Cyz 13. Note: Struck to celebrate the formal investitures of Licinius II and Constantine II as Caesars, this and its related issues may have been distributed at the ceremony held at Ser-dica on March 1, 317, or on other occasions in 318.	150ñ200	400ñ600	900ñ1200
3016	ó rev Hercvli Victori, Hercules stg. r., leaning on club dr. with lionís skin. RIC VI Ant 170a.	15ñ25	20ñ40	70ñ100
3017	ó rev Spqr Optimo Principi, legionary eagle betw. two standards, the one at I. surmounted by hand, at r. with wreath. RIC VI Ost 95b,7b.	15ñ25	20ñ40	70ñ100
3018	Billon Half-Nummus (c. 16ñ18mm), c. 313. rev Fvndat Pacis, Mars adv. r., hldg. trophy and dragging captive. RIC VII Rom 13. Note: This and the following issue weigh c. 1.3ñ1.8g.	15ñ25	50ñ75	150ñ200

Licinius I (as Augustus)

3019	ó rev Gloria Perpet, two Victories adv. r., both hldg. wreath and palm branch, standard betw. RIC VII Rom 15.	15ñ25	50ñ75	150ñ200
3020	Billon Quarteiv-Nummus (c. 13mm), c. 313. obv Bare hd. 1. rev Sapientia Principis, owl upon altar with spear across front; at base, shield and helmet. RIC VII Rom 17. Note: These weigh c. 0.85ñ1.1g.	15ñ25	50ñ75	150ñ200
3021	Billon Æ3 (nummus) (c. 17ñ22mm). Illustrated p. 523.	ó	5ñ15	30ñ50
3022	ó rev Saecvli Felicitas, shield inscr. AVG upon garlanded cippus. RIC VII Rom 160.	15ñ25	50ñ75	150ñ200
3023	ó rev sim. to 3013. RIC VII Tn 212, Arl 196ñ7. Note: Struck c. 318ñ319 by Constantine the Great as a companion to his own ëtwo-Victoriesí issue, its silver content is very low, more like other Billon Æ3ís of the era.	15ñ25	50ñ75	150ñ200
3024	ó rev Virt Exerc, Sol stg. facing at ctr. of large X-shaped ëcamp plan.í RIC VII Thes 68. Note: The meaning of this reverse type, struck only at Thessal-onica c. 319, is much-debated.	80ñ120	250ñ350	400ñ600
	Note: For a Festival of Isis issue, see no. 3423.

Constantia

Augusta, A.D. 313ñ324

Nobilissima Femina, A.D. 324-c. 330

WIFE OF LICINIUS I

MOTHER(?) OF LICINIUS II

DAUGHTER OF CONSTANTIUS I AND THEODORA

HALF-SISTER OF CONSTANTINE THE GREAT

AUNT OF DELMATIUS, HANNIBALLIANUS, CONSTANTIUS GALLUS, JULIAN II AND NEPOTIAN

Constantia (as Nobilissima Femina)

3025

Billon Æ3 (nummus) (c. 20mm), under Constantine the Great, 326ñ7. obv Constantia N F, dr. bust r., hair in plaits decorated with pins rev Soror Constantini AVG around wreath with medallion at top and PIETAS PVBLICA in three lines within, Consb in ex. RIC VII Con 15.

Licinius II

Caesar, A.D. 317ñ324

SON OF LICINIUS I AND(?) CONSTANTIA

GRANDSON OF CONSTANTIUS I AND THEODORA COUSIN OF DELMATIUS, HANNIBALLIANUS, CONSTANTIUS GALLUS, JULIAN II AND NEPOTIAN

HALF-COUSIN OF CRISPUS, CONSTANTINE II, CONSTANTIUS II, CONSTANS, CONSTANTINA (w. OF HANNIBALLIANUS & CONSTANTIUS GALLUS) AND HELENA THE YOUNGER (w. OF JULIAN II)

Examples of obverse inscriptions:

Caesar:	D N VAL LICIN LICINIVS NOB C
	LICINIVS IVN NOB C(AES)

Except where noted, busts are right-facing and laureate, sometimes cuirassed. Elab~ orate busts are common on his billon Æ3ís.

Licinius II (as Caesar)

3026	AV Aureus obv Facing, bare-headed, dr., cuir bust rev IOVI CON Servat Ori Caes, Jupiter entroned facing, hldg. scepter and Victory on globe, eagle at his feet upon basis inscr. SIC V SIC X. RIC VII Nic 42, Ant 33. Note: This unusual type is the only gold struck for Licinius II. Illustrated above.	1500ñ2000	5000ñ8000	10,000ñ15,000
3027	Billon Nummus (c. 20ñ22mm) obv D D NN Licinivs ET Constantin VS NOB Caess, confr. laur., dr. half-busts of Licinius II and Constantine II, hldg. statue of Fortuna betw. rev I O M ET FORT Conser D D N N NOB Caess, Jupiter stg. 1., leaning on scepter; at 1. a trophy of arms with two std. captives at base. RIC VII Nic 40. Note: See no. 3015 for the historical context of this issue.	150ñ200	400ñ600	900ñ1200
3028	Billon Æ3 (nummus) (c. 17ñ22mm)	ó	5ñ15	50ñ75
3029	ó obv VAL Constantin VS Licinivs N Caes, laur. hd. r. rev IOVI Conservatori, Jupiter stg. 1., leaning on scepter, hldg. Victory on globe. RIC VII Ale 21. Note: The obverse inscription includes Licinius IIís briefly adopted name Constantine.	15ñ25	50ñ75	150ñ200
3030	ó rev Romae Aeternae, Roma std. r., inscr. XV on shield set on knee. RIC VII Rom 154.	15ñ25	30ñ50	100ñ150
3031	ó rev Saecvli Felicitas, shield inscr. AVG upon garlanded cippus. RIC VII Rom 162.	15ñ25	50ñ75	150ñ200
3032	ó rev Virt Exerc, Sol stg. facing at ctr. of large X-shaped ëcamp plan.í RIC VII Thes 70. Note: The meaning of this reverse type, struck only at Thessal-onica c. 319, is much-debated.	80ñ120	250ñ350	400ñ600

Licinius II (as Caesar)

3033

Billon Half-Nummus(?) rev Principia Ivventvtis, Licinius II, in military garb, stg. r., hldg. spear and globe. RIC VII Rom 139. Note: At c. 1.6ñ2.0g. this issue (shared with Constantine II) weighs the same as a half-nummus, but the type and the execution of the dies resemble a quinarius.

150ñ200

400ñ600

900ñ1200

Valerius Valens, A.D. 316ñ317

Obverse inscription:

Augustus:

IMP C AVR VAL VALENS P F AVG

Valerius Valens (as Augustus)

3034	Billon Nummus (c. 22mm), under Licinius I. obv Laur. hd. r. rev IOVI Conservatori, Jupiter stg. 1., leaning on scepter and hldg. globe upon which a wreathí bearing Victory stands; at 1. an eagle stg. with wreath in beak, VI (or IIII) in r. field, SKM in ex. RIC VII Cyz 7. Illustrated above.	3000ñ5000	7000ñ10,000	15,000ñ20,000
3035	ó. As prev., but rev AVGG added to inscr. and K XA and wreath in field; ALE in ex. RIC VII Ale 19. Note: These Alexandria-mint nummi are more compact (c. 19mm) than the Cyzicene issues above.	3000ñ5000	7000ñ10,000	15,000ñ20,000

Martinian, A.D. 324

Obverse inscription:

Augustus:	D N M MARTINIANO P F AVG
	D N (M) MARTINIANVS P F AVG
	IM(sic) CS MAR MARTINIANVS P F AVS(sic)
	Note: Variants may exist.

Martinian (as Augustus)

3036	Billon Nummus (c. 20ñ22mm), under Licinius I. obv Rad., dr., cuir. bust r. rev Iovi Conservatori, Jupiter stg. 1., leaning on scepter upon which eagle perches and hldg. globe upon which a wreath-bearing Victory stands; at 1. an eagle stg. with wreath in beak, at r. a std. captive, XIIT in r. field, SMNA(etc.) in ex. RIC VII Nic 45ñ7. Illustrated p. 527.	900ñ1200	1750ñ2250	4000ñ6000
3037	ó. As prev., but SMKA in ex. RIC VII Cyz 16.	900ñ1200	1750ñ2250	4000ñ6000

Note: The Xlir (= 12 1/2) seems to indicate that Licinius halved the tariffed value of these nummi, from 25 to 12 1/2 denarii communes.

CONSTANTINIAN ERA COMMEMORATIVES

The earliest coins and medallions in this ëanonymousí series were presumably struck for distribution at the ceremonies for the consecration of Constantinople, which were presided over by Constantine the Great on May 11, 330. Striking continued through c. 340 with massive issues of nummi (Æ3, Æ3/4 and Æ4) intended for general circulation. Thereafter production decreased, though it continued with a variety of Æ4 types until c. 348, after which only medallic issues were struck.

No anonymous gold coins or medallions are known, though two base metal pieces cataloged below may have been patterns for 1ñ1/2 solidus pieces, Alternatively, they may represent the only known examples of a full-size nummus coinage struck for the consecration ceremonies. In the case of these two larger bronzes, the Roma piece duplicates the types of the common small bronzes, whereas the Constantinople issue has an entirely new design both on its obverse and reverse.

The silver pieces associated with the two cities are especially interesting. There are large silver medallions presumably distributed at the consecration ceremony, and small silver ëmedaletsí which also were donative or distribution pieces. These smaller pieces may be viewed as a Late Roman revival of the slightly heavier qui-narius of earlier days, which performed a similar function. The reverse letters on the ëmedaletsí honor the Empireís two capitals: the K = Constantinople, and both the P (the Greek Rho) or R (the Latin equivalent) = Rome. It would follow that the helmeted busts on the obverses are personifications of the cities indicated. There are occasional pieces with the head of an empress (Helena?) or perhaps an emperor, but they are the exception. Another silver piece, discovered near press time and seemingly unique, appears to honor the Empireís ëthird capitalí of Antioch (see no. 3064A).

Some of these small silver pieces are engraved in fine style (compact, high relief), whereas others are of debased style (low relief, coarse execution). The former probably belong to the period 330 to 346 (and perhaps specifically to 330), whereas the coarse ones are from a later period, seemingly the 5thñ6th centuries. Indeed, it is probable that they were struck for centennial and bicentennial celebrations in Constantinople.

These small silver pieces weigh c. 0.8ñ1.1g., with most being 1.0 gram or slightly more: as such, it is difficult to establish their unit. It is possible that they were one-scripulum pieces, since that unit (1/288th of a Roman pound) weighed c. 1.1g. Alternatively, they may have been fractions of the siliqua (a light half- or heavy third-siliqua) or of the miliarensis (heavy one-fifth). It is also possible that no ëdenominationí was intended, as was the case with some silver medallions.

The coins and some medallions listed below are also cataloged in RIC volume VII, but an overview of the series is given by J. P. C. Kent in ìUrbs Roma and Con-stantinopolis medallions at the mint of Romeî in Scripta Nummaria Romana, Essays Presented to Humphrey Sutherland (London, 1978), pp. 105ñ115, pls. 12ñ13.

Coins dedicated to Rome

The usual types are: obv VRBS ROMA, left-facing, helmeted, draped and cuirassed bust of Roma rev No inscription, She-wolf standing left, suckling Romulus and Remus; usually stars or other symbols above and mint mark in exergue.

Coins dedicated to Rome

3038	AR Medallion (c. 27ñ30mm), c. 330. obv No inscr., rosette-diad. hd. r. of Constantine the Great rev D N Constantin VS Max Trivmf AVG, Roma enthroned r., hd. facing, hldg. globe and scepter, shield at side, mint mark in ex. RIC VII-. Note: The weights of these pieces vary from c. 15.0ñ19.0g.	4000ñ6000	10,000ñ15,000	ó
3039	AR Oneí Scripulum(?) (c. 11ñ13mm), c. 330ñ346. obv Usual type r., but no inscr. rev Large R Kent pi.2, 29. Note: The P represents Rome.	200ñ300	400ñ600	900ñ1200
3040	ó, (c. 13ñ15mm), c. 5thñ6th Centuries. As prev., but of coarser style, and sometimes R instead of P. Kent pl.2, 30.	70ñ100	200ñ300	400ñ600
3041	Billon or Æ Medallion (c. 30ñ34mm), c. 330ñ354. obv Usual type r. or 1. rev Various types. Kent pl.1, 12ñ5.	1250ñ1750	4000ñ6000	10,000ñ15,000
3042	Billon or Æ Nummus(?) (24mm), c. 330. Usual types, CONS in ex. RIC-. Note: It has been suggested that this seemingly unique piece is a pattern for a yet-undiscovered 1ñ1/2 solidus medallion.	500ñ800	1500ñ2000	4000ñ6000
3043	Billon Æ4, c. 330. obv POP Romanvs, laur., dr. bust 1. of Genius of the Roman People, cornucopia over 1. shoulder rev Milvian Bridge with tower at each end over flowing water. RIC VIII Con 22. Note: It is not certain that the Milvian Bridge is depicted, but the supposition is strong. See the note of its companion piece, no 3056, for more details.	5ñ15	50ñ75	150ñ200
3044	Billon Æ3/4 (nummus) (c. 15ñ18mm), c. 330ñ335. Usual types.	ó	5ñ15	30ñ50
3045	Billon Æ4 (nummus) (c. 13ñ16mm), 336ñ337. obv Usual type rev Gloria Exercitvs, two soldiers stg. facing, hldg. spears and shields, standard betw. RIC VII Her 156, etc. Note: With the exception of a few stray pieces, these ëmulesí were struck only at the Propontic mints as a practical necessity to cope with the reduction in the size of the planchets.	5ñ15	20ñ40	50ñ75
3046	ó, 336/7ñ340. Usual types.	ó	5ñ15	20ñ40
3047	ó, c. 337ñ340. Usual types, but obv inscr. Vrbs Roma Beata. RIC VIII Rom 17ff. Note: Struck only at Rome, the inscription on this issue is perhaps inspired by contemporary medallions.	5ñ15	30ñ50	70ñ100
3048	ó, c. 347ñ348. obv Usual type rev VOT XX MVLT XXX in four lines in wreath. RIC VIII Her 49ff. Note: Struck only at the Propontic mints.	5ñ15	30ñ50	70ñ100

Coins dedicated to Rome

3049

ó, c. 348. obv Usual type, but inscr. ROMA rev PR, emperor or Roma stg. facing, hd. r., hldg. spear and shield. RIC VIII Rom 104. Note: Struck only at Rome; the PR presumably means Pop Romanus.

20ñ40

80ñ120

200ñ300

Coins dedicated to Constantinople

The usual types are: obv CONSTANTINOPOLIS, left-facing, draped and cui-rassed bust of Constantinopolis, wearing laureate or diademed helmet, with scepter over shoulder rev No inscription, Victory standing left on prow, holding scepter and shield; usually symbols in field and mint mark in exergue.

Coins dedicated to Constantinople

3050	AR Medallion (c. 27ñ30mm), c. 330. obv No inscr., rosette-diad. hd. r. of Constantine the Great rev D N Constantinvs Max Trivmf AVG, tur-reted Constantinopolis enthroned r., hd. facing, hldg. grain ears(?) and cornucopia, and foot on prow, mint mark in ex. RIC VII Con 53. Note: The weights of these pieces vary from c. 15.0ñ19.0g.	3000ñ5000	8,000ñ12,000
3051	AR One-Scripulum(?) (c. 11ñ13mm), c. 330ñ346. obv No inscr., helm., dr., cuir. bust r. or 1. of Constantinopolis rev Large K. cf. Kent pi.2, 28. Note: The K represents Constantinople.	200ñ300	400ñ600	900ñ1200
3052	ó. obv No inscr., pearl-diad., dr. female bust r. rev As prev. RIC-. Note: Though the bust often is described as Constantine I or II, the facial features are female, making Helena the likely candidate.	200ñ300	400ñ600	1000ñ1500
3053	ó, (c. 13ñ15mm), c. 5thñ6th Centuries. As 3051, but of coarser style. Kent pi.2, 28.	70ñ100	200ñ300	400ñ600
3054	Billon or Æ Medallion (c. 30ñ34mm), c. 330ñ354. obv Usual type r. or 1. rev Various types. Kent pi.2, 16ñ21.	1250ñ1750	4000ñ6000	10,000ñ15,000
3055	Billon or Æ Nummus(?) (24mm), c. 330. obv Constantinopoli, turreted, dr. bust 1. of Constantinopolis rev Victory stg. facing, hldg. palm branch, wreath and supporting two shields, CONS in ex. RIC-. Note: This piece, seemingly unique, is a companion issue of no. 3042.	500ñ800	1500ñ2000	4000ñ6000
3056	Billon Æ4, c. 330. obv POP ROM AN VS, laur., dr. bust 1. of Genius of the Roman People, cornucopia over 1. shoulder rev Star above mint mark, all in wreath. RIC VIII Con 21. Note: Struck only at Constantinople (at all eleven officinae), the silver content of these c. l.Og. coins is higher than other ëbilloní coinages of the era; as such, they most probably were distribution pieces struck for the consecration ceremony at Constantinople. Its companion issue is no. 3043.	5ñ15	30ñ50	70ñ100

Coins dedicated to Constantinople

3057	Billon Æ3/4 (nummus) (c. 15ñ18mm), c. 330ñ335. Usual types.	ó	5ñ15	30ñ50
3058	ó. As prev., but obv Constantinopoli. RIC VII Her 115,44, etc. Note: This inscription variant occurs at the four mints on the shores of the Propontis, and in this case is a regional peculiarity.	5ñ15	20ñ40	50ñ75
3059	Billon Æ4 (nummus) (c. 13ñ16mm), 336ñ337. obv Usual type rev Gloria Exercitvs, two soldiers stg. facing, hldg. spears and shields, standard betw. RIC VII Her 157, etc. Note: See no. 3045.	5ñ15	20ñ40	50ñ75
3060	ó, 336/7ñ340. Usual types.	ó	5ñ15	20ñ40
3061	ó. Usual types, but Victory hldg. wreath and palm branch. RIC VIII Rom 19ff.	5ñ15	30ñ50	80ñ120
3062	ó. As prev., but rev also inscr. VICTORIA AVG. RIC VIII Rom 2Off.	5ñ15	30ñ50	80ñ120
3063	ó, 347ñ348. obv Usual type, but inscr. Constantinopoli rev VOT XX MVLT XXX in four lines in wreath. RIC VIII Her 50ff. Note: Struck only at the Propontic mints.	5ñ15	30ñ50	70ñ100
3064	ó, c. 348. obv Constantinopolis, cuir. bust r. of female, laur. or pearl-diad. rev PR, Pax stg. facing, hd. 1., hldg. branch and scepter. RIC VIII Rom 105ñ6. Note: This piece was struck only at Rome; the PR presumably means Pop Romanus.	20ñ40	80ñ120	200ñ300

Coin dedicated to Antioch (Theoupolis)

The piece below is presumably part of the series principally associated with the capitals Constantinople and Rome (which are indicated by the letters K and P or R). The earliest of these ó in fine style and struck on compact planchets ó were likely struck for the ceremonies held at Constantinople in 330. Subsequent issues are of debased style and are carelessly struck in low relief on comparatively broad planchets. For these reasons they are attributed to the 5th and 6th Centuries A.D., and it has been proposed that they were struck for the centennial (in 430) and bicentennial (in 530) of Constantinople. Since Antioch assumed the name Theoupolis (ëcity of Godí) on November 29, 528, after recently suffering a crippling earthquake, the historical context lends itself well to this discovery piece, which has both the letter T and that cityís familiar Tyche bust. As such, it would have been an ideal tribute to the Empireís ëthird capitalí at the time of its own rebirth, which occured almost concurrently with Constantinopleís 200th birthday.

Coins dedicated to Antioch

3064A

AR Oneí Scripulum(?) (0.98g.), c. 530. obv Turre ted bust r. of the Tyche of Antioch rev Large T. Kent ñ. Seemingly unpublished. Note: The T seems to represent the city name Theoupolis (Antioch).

Constantine I, ëthe Great,í A.D. 307ñ337

Caesar (recognized): A.D. 306ñ309

Filius Augustorum (recognized): A.D. 309ñ310

Augustus (self-proclaimed): A.D. 307ñ310

Augustus (recognized): A.D. 310ñ337

SON OF CONSTANTIUS I AND HELENA

HUSBAND OF MINERVINA AND FAUSTA

FATHER OF CRISPUS, CONSTANTINE II, CONSTANTIUS II, CONSTANS, CONSTANTINA (w. OF HANNIBALLIANUS & CONSTANTIUS GALLUS) AND HELENA THE YOUNGER (w. OF JULIAN II)

SON-IN-LAW OF MAXIMIAN

BROTHER-IN-LAW OF MAXENTIUS

HALF-BROTHER OF CONSTANTIA (w. OF LICINIUS I)

HALF-UNCLE OF DELMATIUS, HANNIBALLIANUS, CONSTANTIUS GALLUS, JULIAN II, LICINIUS II AND NEPOTIAN

Examples of obverse inscriptions:

Caesar:	CONSTANTIN VS N C
	CONSTANTIN VS NOB C(AES)
	FL VAL CONSTANTIN VS N C
	FL VAL CONSTANTIN VS NOB C(AES)
Filius Aug:	CONSTANTIN VS FIL AVGG
Augustus:	CONSTANTIN VS AVG
	CONSTANTIN VS MAX AVG
	CONSTANTIN VS P F AVG
	D N CONSTANTIN VS P F AVG (also used by Constantine II & CONSTANTINE III)
	FL VALER CONSTANTIN VS P F AVG
	IMP CONSTANTIN VS AVG
	IMP (C) CONSTANTIN VS P F AVG
Deified:	DIVO CONSTANTINO AVG
	DIVO CONSTANTINO P
	DV CONSTANTINVS PT AVGG

As Caesar, except where noted, busts are right-facing, laureate, and often are draped and/or cuirassed. As Filius Augustorum, Constantineís head is right-facing and laureate. As Augustus, except where noted, busts are right-facing and laureate (or diademed), and often are draped and/or cuirassed. Elaborate busts are common on his billon Æ3ís, and only the most unusual types are noted.

Constantine I (as Caesar)

3065	AV Medallion of Four Aurei obv Bare hd. r. rev PRINCIPI IIVVENTVTI(sic), Constantine stg. 1., hldg. scepter, saluting standard at 1. RIC-. Note: This was struck for Constantine by Maxentius in the first half of 307, when they were allies.	7000ñ10,000	20,000ñ30,000	60,000ñ80,000
3066	AV Aureus	400ñ600	1250ñ1750	3000ñ5000
3067	ó rev Principi Ivventvt, Constantine, in military garb, stg. 1., hldg. scepter and either hldg. standard or saluting it. RIC VI Rom 150ñ1.	400ñ600	1500ñ2000	4000ñ6000
3068	AR Argenteus	300ñ400	900ñ1200	1500ñ2000
3069	ó rev Conservator Kart Svae, hexastyle temple, Carthago stg. within, XCVI in ex. RIC VI Car 49. Note: XCVI (= 96), indicates how many argentei were struck to the Roman pound.	300ñ400	1000ñ1500	1750ñ2250
3070	AR Half-Argenteus	200ñ300	400ñ600	900ñ1200
3071	ó rev Haec Vota Vmlt Ann or Plvr Natal FEL or VOT X Felici TER in laurel wreath. RIC VI Tre 639ñ41.	250ñ350	500ñ800	1500ñ2000
3072	Billon Nummus (c. 25ñ28mm)	15ñ25	30ñ50	100ñ150
3073	ó rev Constantino P AVG B R P NAT, Constantine stg. facing, hd. 1., in military garb, hldg. globe and leaning on scepter. RIC VI Lug 252,701,86.	20ñ40	50ñ75	200ñ300
3074	ó rev Hercvli Conservat Caes, Hercules fighting the Nemean lion, club at r. RIC VI Tic 87.	20ñ40	50ñ75	200ñ300
3075	ó rev Marti Pacif, Mars adv. r., hldg. branch and spear and shield. RIC VI Lon. 94.	20ñ40	50ñ75	200ñ300
3076	ó rev Perpetvitas AVGG, Roma std. 1. on shield, hldg. scepter and Victory on globe. RIC VI Ale 63.	20ñ40	50ñ75	200ñ300
3077	ó rev Principi Ivventvtis, Constantine stg. facing, hd. 1., in military garb, hldg. two standards. RIC VI Lug 244ñ5.	20ñ40	50ñ75	200ñ300
3078	ó rev Romae Aeter, hexastyle temple, Roma std. within. RIC VI Lon 100.	30ñ50	80ñ120	300ñ400

Constantine I (as Caesar)

3079	ó rev Temporvm Felicitas, Felicitas stg. 1., leaning on long caduceus, hldg. cornucopia. RIC VI Lug 283.	30ñ50	80ñ120	300ñ400
3080	ó rev Virtvs Avgg ET Caess N N or Virtvs Constantini Caes, Constantine on horseback r., hldg. shield and spearing kneeling foe, trampling another. RIC VI Tic 71ñ2,8ñ9,82ñ3, Aqu 82ñ5,108ñ11.	30ñ50	80ñ120	300ñ400
3081	ó rev As prev., but obv ornate, military half-bust. RIC VI Aqu 86ñ91.	50ñ75	100ñ150	400ñ600
3082	Billon or Æ Quinarius(?) (c. 15ñ18mm) rev Principi Ivventvtis, Constantine, in military garb, stg. r. betw. two standards, leaning on spear and raising r. hand. RIC VI Tre 679ñ80.	70ñ100	250ñ350	500ñ800
3083	Billon or Æ Nummus Fraction(?) (c. 13ñ15mm) rev Mvlt Tatal FEL or PLVR Natal FEL in wreath. RIC VI Tre 744ñ6. Note: This and the following piece may be quinarii.	70ñ100	200ñ300	500ñ800
3084	ó rev VOTIS X or VOT X CAESS (NN) in wreath. RIC VI Tre 748ñ50.	70ñ100	150ñ200	400ñ600
3085	Billon Half-Nummus (c. 22ñ23mm) rev GENIO POP ROM, Genius stg. 1., hldg. patera and cornucopia. RIC VI Tre 737. Note: Struck c. 307, this issue weighs c. 4.0ñ4.5g. Further-reduced examples of c. 2.0ñ2.5g. were struck at Trier c. 310ñ311 (RIC 896ñ902) when the nummus weighed only c. 3.5ñ5.0g.	15ñ25	50ñ75	150ñ200
3086	Æ Post-Reform Radiate (c. 19ñ22mm) obv Rad. bust r. rev Concordia Militvm, Constantine stg. at 1., rec. Victory on globe from Jupiter, stg. at r., leaning on scepter. RIC VI Ale 85.		15ñ25	50ñ75

Constantine I (as Filius Augustorum)

3087	AV Aureus rev Consvl DD NN, Constantine stg. 1., laur. and togate, hldg. globe and baton; Σ (retrograde) in r. field. RIC VI Thes 28. Note: The Σ indicates these aurei were struck at the heavy weight of 60 to the Roman pound (c. 5.4g.).	ó	ó	ó
3088	Billon Nummus (c. 24ñ26mm) rev Genio Avgvsti, Genius stg. 1., hldg. patera and cornucopia. RIC VI Sis 200b.	50ñ75	100ñ150	400ñ600
3089	ó As prev., but rev inscr. GENIO CAESARIS. RIC VI Sis 203, Thes 32b.	50ñ75	100ñ150	400ñ600
3090	ó rev Virtvti Exercitvs, Virtus adv. r., trophy over shoulder, hldg. spear. RIC VI Thes 39b.	50ñ75	100ñ150	400ñ600

Note: Every issue struck Constantine struck with the obverse inscription Constantinvs FIL AVGG (indicating his rank of Filius Augustorum) is listed above.

3098

Constantine I (as Augustus)

Note: Because denominations were introduced (and abandoned) at different stages of Constantineís reign, his issues as Augustus are presented in a slightly different order than usual.

Constantine I (as Augustus)

3091	AV Aureus	700ñ1000	1250ñ1750	3000ñ5000
3092	ó rev Gavdivm Reipvblicae, trophy of arms betw. std. captives (Francia and Alemannia). RIC VI addenda, p. 688.	700ñ1000	1500ñ2000	4000ñ6000
3093	ó rev Gavdivm Romanorvm, trophy of arms, std. captive at 1. RIC VI addenda, p. 688.	700ñ1000	1500ñ2000P	4000ñ6000
3094	AV Medallion of 1-1/2 Solidi obv Rad., dr., cuir. half-bust 1., hldg. globe and raising r. hand rev Constantin VS ET Constantivs Nobb Caess, confr. half-busts of Constantine II and Constantius II, each laur., wearing consular robes, hldg. eagle-tipped scepter and globe. RIC VII Ant 70. Note: Struck in 326, this medallion celebrates the consulships of Constantine I (his 7th) and Constantius II (his 1st), and includes Constantine II, who had previously held that office three times.	5000ñ8000	15,000ñ20,000	30,000ñ50,000
3095	ó obv No inscr., diad. hd. r., slightly upward-gazing rev Gloria Constantini AVG, Constantine, in military garb, adv. r., hldg. spear and trophy, two captives std. at feet. RIC VII Thes 163.	2500ñ3500	5000ñ8000	15,000ñ20,000
3096	AV ëFestaureusí rev VOTIS XXX XXX in two lines in wreath with medallion at top. RIC VII Thes 207. Note: Struck in 335, when Constantine was partitioning the Empire among his heirs. When this was struck the solidus was the Empireís standard gold coin and the aureus (at 60 to the pound) was a ceremonial item representing a 1ñ1/5 solidus.	1500ñ2000	4000ñ6000	10,000ñ15,000
3097	AV Solidus	400ñ600	900ñ1200	2000ñ3000

Constantine I (as Augustus)

3098	ó obv Facing nimbate, bare-headed half-bust of Constantine, dr., cuir., hldg. globe and raising r. han rev Victorioso Semper, Constantine stg. facing, rec. wreath from turreted fig. of Ticinum at 1. and being crowned by Victory, hldg. palm branch, at r. RIC VII Tri 534. Note: An issue of great icono-graphic importance, other versions show Constantine holding a scepter and Victory on globe, or simply show him nimbate, draped an cuirassed. In each case his face is angled slightly right or left.	7000ñ10,000	40,000ñ60,000	125,000 +
3099	ó obv No inscr., upward-gazing, diad. hd. r. rev Various types. RIC VII Sirm 62, Her 131, etc. Illustrated p. 533.	500ñ800	1500ñ2000	3000ñ5000
3100	ó rev Debellatori Gentivm Bar-Bararvm, Constantine stg. at r., greeting soldier at 1.; captive kneeling betw., GOTHIA in ex. RIC VII Tri 534.	500ñ800	1500ñ2000	3000ñ5000
3101	ó rev Gavdivm Romanorvm, captive std. 1., sometimes looking back at trophy of arms, shield and bow at base, Alamannia or Francia in ex. RIC VII Tri 535,824.	500ñ800	1500ñ2000	3000ñ5000
3102	ó rev PAX Aeterna AVG N, Pax and Respub-lica stg. at 1., presenting wreath or Victory on globe to Constantine, wearing tunica, stg. at r. RIC VII Tri 16ñ7.	500ñ800	1500ñ2000	3000ñ5000
3103	ó rev Principis Providentissimi, owl upon column inscr. SAPIENTIA in three or four lines; at base, hlemet, spear and shield. RIC VII Arl 1,3.	500ñ800	1500ñ2000	4000ñ6000
3104	ó rev Secvritas Reipvblicae, Securitas stg. facing, hand on hd., leaning against column. RIC VII Tri 246.	500ñ800	1500ñ2000	3000ñ5000
3105	ó rev Victor Omnivm Gentivm, Constantine, in military garb, stg. 1., hldg. standard and shield; two begging suppliants at 1., std. captive at r. RIC VII Tri 27ñ31.	500ñ800	1500ñ2000	3000ñ5000
3106	ó rev Victoria Constantini AVG, Victory adv. 1., hldg. trophy and palm branch; LXXII in r. field. RIC VII Ant 98ñ100. Note: LXXII ( = 72) appears only on one issue struck at Antioch, c. 336337. It confirms that the solidus was struck at 72 to the Roman pound.	900ñ1200	2000ñ3000	5000ñ8000
3107	AV Semissis rev Pont Max Trib P P P Procs, Constantine, togate, std. 1. on curule chair, hldg. globe and baton. RIC VI Tre 795. Note: This piece, listed as unique, weighs 2.2g.	300ñ400	900ñ1200	1750ñ2250
3108	AV 1ñ1/2 Scripulum (Nine-Siliqua) see RIC VII Con 117ñ21.	300ñ400	900ñ1200	1750ñ2250

Constantine I (as Augustus)

3109	ó rev As 3101; FRANCIA in ex. RIC VII Tri 365. Note: These rare coins weigh c. 1.4ñ1.75g. as compared to a c. 4.5g. solidus.	400ñ600	1000ñ1500
3110	AR Half-Argenteus rev Virtvs Militvm, campgate. RIC VI Tre 758ff.	200ñ300	400ñ600	900ñ1200
3111	Billon Argenteus(?) obv Helm., cuir. bust 1., spear over shoulder rev Victoriae Laetae Princ Perp, two confr. Victories placing shield inscr. VOT PR on cippus. RIC VII Tri 208A. Note: This issue is much debated. Unlike the first billon argentei of Maximinus II and Licinius I (c. 312313), this later one, c. 318ñ319, is not consistent in appearance. If intended as a reintroduction of the billon argenteus, it failed quickly, for his subsequent issues with this design, struck c. 320 and later, are no different than other ëbilloní Æ3ís with very low silver content.	20ñ40	80ñ120	200ñ300
3112	AR Medallion of Four Siliquae obv Rosette-diad. hd. r., AVGVSTVS downward bef. rev CAESAR in wreath. RIC VII Are 410, Sis 259. Note: Struck c. 336ñ337 for Constantineís vicennalia (20th anniversary); from the same issue as the one listed for Constantine II (no. 3193). At slightly more than 13.0g., this is also equivalent to three light miliarenses.	2000ñ3000	7000ñ10,000	15,000ñ20,000
3113	AR Heavy Miliarensis	400ñ600	1250ñ1750	4000ñ6000
3114	AR Light Miliarensis	400ñ600	1250ñ1750	4000ñ6000
3115	ó obv No inscr., upward-gazing, diad. hd. r. rev Constantin VS (Max) AVG, four standards. RIC VII Thes 150ñ1.	900ñ1200	4000ñ6000
3116	Billon Miliarensis rev Crispvs ET Constantin VS C C, confr. bare hds. of Crispus and Constantine II. RIC VII Sir 14. Note: Struck 320, some researchers suggest this is a double-argenteus. In either case, it is a medallic issue.	200ñ300	500ñ800	2000ñ3000
3117	AR Heavy Siliqua	70ñ100	150ñ200	400ñ600
3118	ó obv No inscr., upward-gazing, diad. hd. r. rev Constantin VS AVG, Victory adv. 1., hldg. wreath and palm branch. RIC VII Her 145, Nic 140ñ1, etc.	300ñ400	900ñ1200	1750ñ2250
3119	Billon Nummus (c. 24ñ28mm)	15ñ25	30ñ50	70ñ100
3120	Billon Nummus (c. 20ñ23mm)	5ñ15	15ñ25	30ñ50

Constantine I (as Augustus)

3121	ó obv D D N N Constantin VS ET Licinivs AVGG, confr. laur., dr. half-busts of Constantine I and Licinius I, hldg. statue of Fortuna betw. rev I O M ET FORT CONSER D D N N AVGG, Jupiter stg. 1., leaning on scepter; at 1. a trophy of arms with two std. captives at base. RIC VII Nic 39. Note: See no. 3015 for the historical context of this issue.	150ñ200	400ñ600	900ñ1200
3122	ó rev Hercvli Victori, Hercules stg. r., leaning on club dr. with lionís skin. RIC VI Ant 170c.	15ñ25	20ñ40	70ñ100
3123	ó rev Liberatori (or Restitvtor) Vrbis Svae, Roma std. in hexastyle temple. RIC VI Rom 303ñ4,12. Note: Struck at Rome c. 312/3, the inscriptions ëliberator or recoverer of his cityí refers to his freeing Rome from Maxentius.	15ñ25	30ñ50	100ñ150
3124	ó rev Soli Invicto Comiti, Sol stg. facing, rad, hd. facing, hldg. globe in raised r. hand. RIC VI Tic 133, VII Tre 105 (not noted), etc. Note: The facing head of Sol is a rarity within this very common issue.	20ñ40	100ñ150	300ñ400
3125	ó rev Spqr Optimo Principi, legionary eagle betw. two standards, the one at 1. surmounted by hand, at r. with wreath. RIC VI Ost 94ff.	15ñ25	20ñ40	70ñ100
3126	Billon or Æ Nummus Fraction(?) (c. 13ñ15mm) rev VOT X AVG N in wreath. RIC VI Tre 791ñ2. Note: These may be quinarii.	70ñ100	150ñ200	400ñ600
3127	Billon Half-Nummus (c. 16ñ18mm), c. 313. rev FVNDAT PACIS, Mars adv. r., hldg. trophy and dragging captive. RIC VII Rom 12. Note: This and the following issue each weigh c. 1.3ñ1.8g.	15ñ25	50ñ75	150ñ200
3128	ó. rev Gloria Perpet, two Victories adv. r., both hldg. wreath and palm branch, standard betw. RIC VII Rom 14.	15ñ25	50ñ75	150ñ200
3129	ó, c. 310ñ311. rev Marti Conserv, Mars stg. r., leaning on spear, resting shield on ground. RIC VI Tre 896ñ7. Note: At about 2.0ñ2.5g., this is half the weight of its associated nummus of c. 4.0ñ5.0g.	15ñ25	50ñ75	150ñ200
3130	ó, c. 312ñ313. rev Paci Perpet, Pax stg., hldg. branch and standard, XII in field. RIC VI Rom 3558. Note: At about 1.8ñ2.2g., this is half of a nummus of c. 3.75ñ4.5g. The XII seemingly is a value marker.	15ñ25	50ñ75	150ñ200
3131	ó. rev Virt Exercit Gall, Virtus stg. 1., leaning on spear, hldg. sword, XVI in field. RIC VI Rom 359ñ60. Note: The XVI may be a value marker.	15ñ25	50ñ75	150ñ200
3132	Billon Quarter-Nummus (c. 13mm), c. 310ñ311. rev VOTIS X or VOT X MVL XX in wreath. RIC VI Tre 903ñ13. Note: At about 0.75ñ1.25g., this is one-fourth of a nummus of c. 3.5ñ5.Og.	30ñ50	80ñ120	200ñ250

Constantine I (as Augustus)

3133	ó, c. 313. rev Sapientia Principis, owl upon altar with spear across front; at base, shield and helmet. RIC VII Rom 16. Note: These weigh c. 0.85-l.lg.	15ñ25	50ñ75	150ñ200
3134	Billon Æ3 (nummus) (c. 17ñ22mm).	ó	5ñ15	30ñ50
3135	ó obv No inscr., laur. hd. r. or diad., dr., cuir. bust r. rev Constantinvs AVG in three lines, wreath above. RIC VII Rom 281, etc.	20ñ40	70ñ100	150ñ200
3136	ó obv Cuir. bust L, hldg. shield, spear over shoulder, wearing plumed helm, inscr. on back of bowl with Chií Rho rev As 3111. RIC VII Sis 61. Note: Struck c. 319, this is one of the earliest numismatic indications of Constantineís devotion to Christianity.	150ñ200	1000ñ1500
3137	ó obv Inscr. ending COS IIII, laur. half-bust L, wearing consular robes, hldg. eagle-tipped scepter rev Soli Invicto Comiti, Sol stg., hldg. globe, raising r. hand. RIC VII Lyo 37, etc. Note: A rare ëdatedí bronze.	50ñ75	150ñ200	400ñ600
3138	ó rev Constantin I AN A Dafne, Victory, look in r., std. 1., on cippus, hldg. palm branches; trophy and kneeling captive before. RIC VII Con 29ff. Note: A type which has attracted many interpretations.	15ñ25	30ñ50	100ñ150
3139	ó rev Libertas Pvblica, Victory stg. facing on prow, hldg. a wreath in both hands. RIC VII Con 18.	15ñ25	50ñ75	150ñ200
3140	ó rev PAX Perpetva, Pax stg. facing, leaning against column, hldg. olive branch and scepter. RIC VII Rom 143.	15ñ25	50ñ75	150ñ200
3141	ó rev Plvra Natal Fel in three lines in wreath. RIC VII Rom 321.	150ñ200	400ñ600	ó
	Providentiae AVGG. See no. 3145.
3142	ó rev Saecvli Felicitas, shield inscr. AVG upon garlanded cippus. RIC VII Rom 158ñ9.	15ñ25	50ñ75	150ñ200
3143	ó rev Spes Pvblic across field, serpent pierced by shaft of vexillum with Chi-Rho. RIC VII Con 19. Note: The serpent may represent Licinius I, the pagan whom Constantine had recently defeated.	500ñ800	1500ñ2000	3000ñ5000
3144	ó rev Virt Exerc, Sol stg. facing at ctr. of large X-shaped ëcamp plan.í RIC VII Thes 66ñ7. Note: The meaning of this reverse type, struck only at Thessalonica c. 319, is much-debated.	80ñ120	250ñ350	400ñ600

Constantine I (as Augustus)

3145	ó rev Vtilitas Pvblica or Providentiae AVGG, Moneta (or female hldg. cornucopia) stg. on prow at 1., greeted by soldier or by turreted fig. of Arles. RIC VII Arl 30ñ1,49ñ51. Note: Struck at Arles c. 313ñ5, these two issues note the transfer of the minting operation from Ostia to Arles.	200ñ300	500ñ800
3146	Billon Æ3/4 (nummus) (c. 15ñ18mm) rev Gloria Exercitvs, two soldiers stg. facing, hldg. spears and shields, two standards betw. RIC VII Thes 198, etc.		5ñ15	20ñ40
3147	Billon Æ4 (nummus) (c. 13ñ16mm) As prev., but only one standard. RIC VII Ale 65, etc.	ó	5ñ15	20ñ40
	Note: For Festival of Isis issues, see nos. 3424ñ32.

Busts are right-facing, veiled, sometimes also laureate or draped and(?) cuirassed.

Constantine I (Posthumous Commemoratives)

3148	AV Solidus, under the sons of Constantine the Great, obv Divvs Constantinvs AVG Pater AVGG, veiled hd. r. rev No inscr., Constantine I, veiled and togate, riding in quadriga heaven-bound toward the hand of God (manus Dei) emerging from cloud. RIC VIII Con 1.
3149	Æ4 (nummus) (c. 14ñ15mm), ó. As prev., but shorter obv inscr. RIC VIII Nic 18, etc.	5ñ15	15ñ25	50ñ75
3150	ó. rev Aeterna Pietas, Constantine I, in military garb, stg. r. or 1., hldg. spear and globe. RIC VIII Lyo 1ñ3, etc.	15ñ25	30ñ50	100ñ150
3151	ó. rev Ivst Vener Memor, Justitia stg. 1., hldg. scales and rod(?). RIC VIII Ale 28, etc. Note: Though the figure on the reverse is often described as Aequitas, it more likely is Justitia.	5ñ15	20ñ40	70ñ100
3152	ó. rev VN MR across field, Constantine I, veiled and togate, stg. r., raising r. hand. RIC VIII Con 68, etc. Note: VN MR abbreviates venerata memoria.	5ñ15	15ñ25	50ñ75

Fausta

Nobilissima Femina, A.D. 317 (?)ñ324

Augusta, A.D. 324ñ326

SECOND WIFE OF CONSTANTINE THE GREAT

MOTHER OF CONSTANTINE II, CONSTANTIUS II, CONSTANS, CONSTANTINA (w. OF HANNIBALLIANUS & CONSTANTIUS GALLUS) AND HELENA THE YOUNGER (IV. OF JULIAN II)

DAUGHTER OF MAXIMIAN

SISTER OF MAXENTIUS

STEPMOTHER OF CRISPUS

Obverse inscriptions:

Nob. Fem.:	FAVSTA N F
	FAVSTAE NOBILISSIMAE FEMINAE
Augusta:	FLAV MAX FAVSTA AVG

Except where noted, busts are right-facing and draped.

Fausta (as Nobilissima Femina)

3153	AR Half-Argenteus, under Constantine I, c. 307ñ8. obv Dr. bust 1. rev Venvs Felix, Venus std. 1., hldg. globe and palm branch. RIC VI Tre 756.	1500ñ2000	3000ñ5000	ó
3154	Billon Æ3 (nummus) (c. 17ñ22mm), ó, c. 318ñ9. rev Star in wreath. RIC VII Thes 49, 51. Note: Struck only at Thessalonica.	70ñ100	200ñ300	400ñ600

Fausta (as Augusta)

3155	AV Medallion of Two Solidi, ó, 324ñ5. obv FLA-VIA Maxima Favsta Avgvsta, dr. bust r. rev Pietas Avgvstae, Fausta, nimbate, std. facing on dias, suckling infant, flanked by two wreath-bearing genii and figs. of Pietas and Felicitas, hldg. caduceus. RIC VII Tri 443ñ5. Note: A two-solidus medallion with the standard SPES REIPVBLICAE reverse was struck for Fausta at Ticinum.	20,000ñ30,000	50,000ñ80,000
3156	AV Solidus, ó. rev Salvs Reipvblicae, Fausta, as Salus, stg. facing., hldg. two children. RIC VII Tic 182.	4000ñ6000	10,000ñ15,000	30,000ñ50,000
3157	ó. As prev., but rev inscr. Spes Reipvblicae. RIC VII Sirm 61.	4000ñ6000	10,000ñ15,000	30,000ñ50,000
3158	Billon Æ3 (nummus) (c. 17ñ22mm), ó. As 3156. RIC VII Tri 459, etc.	15ñ25	30ñ50	70ñ100
3159	ó. As 3157. RIC VII Tri 460, etc. Illustrated above.	15ñ25	30ñ50	70ñ100

Fausta (as Augusta)

3160

ó. obv No inscr., bust r., wearing embroidered robe rev Flav Max Favsta AVG in three lines, star-in-crescent above. RIC VII Ant 56,62. Note: From a series of ?s struck at Antioch honoring six members of Constantineís family.

50ñ75

150ñ200

400ñ600

Crispus

Caesar, A.D. 316ñ326

SON OF CONSTANTINE THE GREAT AND MINERVINA

STEPSON OF FAUSTA

HALF-BROTHER OF CONSTANTINE II, CONSTANTIUS II, CONSTANS, CONSTANTINA (w. OF HANNIBALLIANUS & CONSTANTIUS GALLUS) AND HELENA THE YOUNGER (w. OF JULIAN II)

HALF-COUSIN OF DELMATIUS, HANNIBALLIANUS, CONSTANTIUS GALLUS, JULIAN II, LICINIUS II AND NEPOTIAN

GRANDSON OF CONSTANTIUS I AND HELENA

Examples of obverse inscriptions:

Caesar:	CRISPVS NOB(ILISS) CAES
	CRISPVS NOBIL C(AES)
	D N FL IVL CRISPVS NOB CAES
	FL IVL CRISPVS NOB C(AES)
	IVL CRISPVS NOB C(AES)

Except where noted, busts are right-facing and laureate (or diademed), and often draped and/or cuirassed. Elaborate busts are common on his billon Æ3ís.

Crispus (as Caesar)

3161	AV Solidus	1000ñ1500	3000ñ5000	7000ñ10,000
3162	ó obv Heroic, laur. half-bust 1., seen nude from behind, ornamented strap over shoulder, hldg. spear and shield rev Various types, cf. RIC VII Aqu 36, Sirm 33,8, etc. Note: An obverse type used extensively for Crispus, its composition is borrowed from Greek Hellenistic art ó a practice which Constantine the Great favored. Illustrated above.	1500ñ2000	5000ñ8000	15,000ñ20,000
3163	ó obv No inscr., upward-gazing, diad. hd. r. rev Crispvs Caesar, Victory adv. 1., hldg. wreath and palm branch. RIC VII Sirm 63, Nic 110ñ1.	1000ñ1500	3000ñ5000	8,000ñ12,000

Crispus (as Caesar)

3164	ó rev Gavdivm Romanorvm, Alemannia std. 1., sometimes looking back at trophy of arms, shield and bow at base, Alamannia or Francia in ex. RIC VII Tri 243,362ñ3.	1000ñ1500	3000ñ5000	10,000ñ15,000
3165	ó rev Secvritas Reipvblicae, Securitas stg. facing, hand on hd., leaning against column. RIC VII Tri 247.	1000ñ1500	3000ñ5000	8,000ñ12,000
3166	AV 1ñ1/2 Scripulum (Nine-Siliqua) rev As 3164; FRANCIA in ex. RIC VII Tri 366. Note: These weigh c. 1.4ñ1.75g. as compared to a c. 4.5g. solidus.	1000ñ1500	2000ñ2500	5000ñ8000
3167	AR Heavy Miliarensis obv Rad., dr., cuir. bust 1., hldg. globe and raising r. hand rev Vota Orbis ET Vrbis SEN ET P R, flaming cippus, on square basis, inscr. VOTA XX XXX MVL FEL, in field, L. RIC VII Aqu 81.	3000ñ5000	5000ñ8000	15,000ñ20,000
3168	AR Light Miliarensis rev Felicitas Roman-Orvm, Constantine I and his three sons, in military garb, stg. side-by-side, hldg. scepters and globes, all beneath an arch supported by columns. RIC VII Nic 89.	2000ñ3000	4000ñ6000	10,000ñ15,000
3169	Billon Æ3 (nummus) (c. 17ñ22mm)	ó	5ñ15	30ñ50
3170	ó obv No inscr., laur., dr., cuir. bust 1. rev Crispvs Caesar in two lines, star above. RIC VII Cyz 31, etc.	20ñ40	70ñ100	150ñ250
3171	ó obv Laur., dr. half-bust 1., with 1. hand hldg. spear and shield, with r. hand the bridle of a horse, the neck and hd. of which is at 1. rev Baeata Tran-Qvillitas, globe set on altar inscr. VOTIS XX in three lines, three stars above. RIC VII Tre 373. Note: This honors Crispus as the Prince of Youth, and as such, leader of the Equites (horsemen). The equestrian order died out in the 4th Century.	300ñ400	700ñ1000	1500ñ2000
3172	ó obv As prev. rev Caesarvm Nostrorvm around Votis V in three lines or VOT X in two lines. RIC VII Lyo 100, Aqu 98.	300ñ400	700ñ1000	1500ñ2000
3173	ó rev Claritas Reipvblicae, Sol adv. 1., hldg. globe and whip. RIC VII Tri 124. Note: Scholars place this piece in 316, indicating that even though Crispus was formally hailed Caesar on March 1, 317, he achieved the rank late in 316 as a consequence of the First Licinian War.	80ñ120	150ñ200	400ñ600
3174	ó rev PAX Perpetva, Pax stg. facing, leaning against column, hldg. olive branch and scepter. RIC VII Rom 144.	15ñ25	50ñ75	150ñ200
3175	ó rev Saecvli Felicitas, shield inscr. AVG upon garlanded cippus. RIC VII Rom 161.	15ñ25	50ñ75	150ñ200

Crispus (as Caesar)

3176	ó rev Virt Exerc, Sol stg. facing at ctr. of large X-shaped ëcamp plan.í RIC VII Thes 69. Note: The meaning of this reverse type, struck only at Thessal-onica c. 319, is much-debated.	80ñ120	250ñ350	400ñ600
	Note: For Festival of Isis issues, see nos. 3433ñ6.
3177	Billon or Æ Half-Nummus(?) rev Principi Ivvent, Crispus, in military garb, stg. r., hldg. spear and globe. RIC VII Rom 137ñ8. Note: At c. 1.6ñ2.Og. this issue (shared with Licinius II) weighs the same as a half-nummus, but the type and the execution of the dies favor a quinarius.	150ñ200	400ñ600	900ñ1200

Delmatius

Caesar, A.D. 335ñ337

GRANDSON OF CONSTANTIUS I AND THEODORA

BROTHER OF HANNIBALLIANUS

BROTHER-IN-LAW AND HALF-COUSIN OF CONSTANTINA (w. OF HANNIBALLIANUS & CONSTANTIUS GALLUS)

NEPHEW OF LICINIUS I AND CONSTANTIA

COUSIN OF CONSTANTIUS GALLUS, JULIAN II, LICINIUS II AND NEPOTIAN

HALF-NEPHEW OF CONSTANTINE THE GREAT

HALF-COUSIN OF CRISPUS, CONSTANTINE II, CONSTANTIUS II, CONSTANS AND HELENA THE YOUNGER (w. OF JULIAN II)

Obverse inscriptions:

Caesar:	FL DALMATIVS NOB C(AES)
	FL DELMATIVS NOB C(AES)
	FL IVL DELMATIVS NOB C
	Note: Blundered inscriptions sometimes occur.

Except where noted, busts are right-facing, laureate, draped and cuirassed.

Delmatius (as Caesar)

3178	AV Solidus rev Principi Ivventvtis, Delmatius, in military garb, stg. 1., hldg. standard and scepter, two standards behind. RIC VII Thes 213, Con 113. Note: On the issues of Thessalonica, Delmatius wears a plain diadem.	2000ñ3000	5000ñ7000	15,000ñ25,000
3179	ó rev Delmativs Caesar, Victory adv. 1., hldg. wreath and palm branch. RIC VII Con 98.	2000ñ3000	5000ñ7000	15,000ñ25,000
3180	AR Heavy Siliqua obv No inscr., plain-diad. hd. r., upward-gazing rev As prev. RIC VII Her 147, Nic 186.	1000ñ1500	3000ñ5000	ó

Delmatius (as Caesar)

3181	ó obv As prev., but rev inscr Delmativs Nob Caesar. RIC VII Thes 217, Con 136.	1000ñ1500	3000ñ5000	ó
3182	Billon Æ3/4 (nummus) (c. 15ñ18mm) rev GLORIA EXERCITVS, two soldiers stg. facing, hldg. spears and shields, two standards betw. RIC VII Thes 202, etc.	5ñ15	20ñ40	70ñ100
3183	Billon Æ4 (nummus) (c. 13ñ16mm) As prev., but only one standard. RIC VII Thes 228, etc. Illustrated p. 545.	5ñ15	20ñ40	70ñ100

Hanniballianus

Rex Regutn, A.D. 335ñ337

GRANDSON OF CONSTANTIUS I AND THEODORA

BROTHER OF DELMATIUS

HUSBAND AND HALF-COUSIN OF CONSTANTINA (future w. OF CONSTANTIUS GALLUS)

NEPHEW OF LICINIUS I AND CONSTANTIA

COUSIN OF CONSTANTIUS GALLUS, JULIAN II, LICINIUS II AND NEPOTIAN

HALF-NEPHEW OF CONSTANTINE THE GREAT

HALF-COUSIN OF CRISPUS, CONSTANTINE II, CONSTANTIUS II, CONSTANS AND HELENA THE YOUNGER (w. OF JULIAN II)

Obverse inscriptions:

Rex Regum:	FL ANNIBALIANO REGI
	FL HANNIBALLIANO REGI

Busts are right-facing, bare-headed, draped and cuirassed.

Hanniballianus (as Rex Regum)

3184	AR Heavy Siliqua rev FELICITAS PVBLICA, Euphrates reel. 1., elbow on urn, hldg. fish and rudder, reeds in background. RIC VII Con 100.	2000ñ3000	7000ñ10,000
3185	Billon Æ4 (nummus) (c. 13ñ16mm) rev SECVRI-TAS PVBLICA, Euphrates std. r. on ground, leaning scepter, urn at side, reed in background. RIC VII Con 145ñ8. Illustrated above.	70ñ100	200ñ300	400ñ600

The values are estimates for conservatively graded, essentially problem-free coins. Defects or merits will alter prices, often significantly. Dashes (ó) indicate values which cannot be accurately determined (at the high end) or which are negligible (at the low end). Coins with the same value range are not always equally valuable, for they may represent different ends of the same spectrum.

Constantine II, A.D. 337ñ340

Caesar, A.D. 316ñ337

SON OF CONSTANTINE THE GREAT AND FAUSTA

BROTHER OF CONSTANTIUS II, CONSTANS, CONSTANTIN A (w. OF HANNIBALLIANUS & CONSTANTIUS GALLUS) AND HELENA THE YOUNGER (w. OF JULIAN II)

HALF-BROTHER OF CRISPUS

HALF-COUSIN OF DELMATIUS, HANNIBALLIANUS, CONSTANTIUS GALLUS, JULIAN II, LICINIUS II AND NEPOTIAN

GRANDSON OF CONSTANTIUS I, HELENA AND MAXIMIAN

Examples of obverse inscriptions:

Caesar:	CONSTANTINVS IVN N C
	CONSTANTINVS IVN NOB C(AES)
	D N FL CL CONSTANTINVS NOB C
	FL CL CONSTANTINVS IVN N C
Augustus:	CONSTANTINVS AVG
	D N CONSTANTINVS P F AVG
	FL CL CONSTANTINVS (P F) AVG
	FL CL CONSTANTINVS P F AVG
	Note: Though inscriptions Constantine II used as Augustus were also used by Constantine I and Constantine III, their coins are easily distinguished based on the portraits and reverse types.

As Caesar, except where noted, busts are right-facing and laureate (or diademed), and often draped and/or cuirassed. As Augustus, except where noted, busts are right-facing and laureate (or diademed), and often draped and/or cuirassed. Elaborate busts are common on his billon Æ3s.

Constantine II (as Caesar)

3186	AV Solidus. Illustrated above.	300ñ400	700ñ1000	1750ñ2250
3187	ó obv No inscr., upward-gazing, diad. hd. r. rev Constantinvs Caesar, Victory adv. 1., hldg. wreath and palm branch. RIC VII Sirm 64, Nic 112.	400ñ600	1250ñ1750	3000ñ5000
3188	ó rev Gavdivm Romanorvm, Alemannia std. 1., looking back at trophy of arms, shield and bow at base, Sarmatia in ex. RIC VII Tri 364.	400ñ600	1250ñ1750	3000ñ5000
3189	ó rev Secvritas Reipvblicae, Securitas stg. facing, hand on hd., leaning against column. RIC VII Tri 247.	400ñ600	1250ñ1750	3000ñ5000

Constantine II (as Caesar)

3190	ó rev Victoria Constantini AVG, Victory adv. 1., hldg. trophy and palm branch; LXXII in r. field. RIC VII Ant 101. Note: LXXII (=72) appears only on one issue struck at Antioch, c. 336ñ337. It confirms that the solidus was struck at 72 to the Roman pound.	900ñ1200	2000ñ3000	5000ñ8000
3191	AV Semissis rev Principi Ivventvtis, Con-stantius II, in military garb, stg. r., hldg. spear and globe. RIC VII Nic 116. Note: These rare pieces, struck at Nicomedia c. 326ñ326, weigh c. 2.1ñ2.3g.	300ñ400	700ñ1000	1750ñ2250
3192	AV 1ñ1/2 Scripulum (Nine-Siliqua) rev As 3188. RIC VII Tri 367. Note: These weigh c. 1.4ñ1.75g. as compared to a c. 4.5g. solidus.	300ñ400	700ñ1000	1750ñ2250
3193	AR Medallion of Four Siliquae obv Bare hd. r., CAESAR downward bef. rev XX in wreath. RIC VII Are 411, Sis 260. Note: This piece, struck c. 336337, is often mistaken as a later issue and given to Constantius Gallus. At slightly more than 13.0g., this is also equivalent to three light miliarenses. See no. 3112 for a companion piece.	2000ñ3000	7000ñ10,000	15,000ñ25,000
3194	AR Heavy Miliarensis	15002000	4000ñ6000	ó
3195	AR Light Miliarensis	400ñ600	1000ñ1500	3000ñ5000
3196	ó obv No inscr., upward-gazing, diad. hd. r. rev Constantin VS IVN NOB C, four standards. RIC VII Her 149.	500ñ800	3000ñ5000	ó
3197	ó rev Constantin VS Caesar, four standards. RIC VII Tri 581.	400ñ600	1000ñ1500	4000ñ6000
3198	AR Heavy Siliqua	70ñ100	150ñ200	400ñ600
3199	Billon Æ3 (nummus) (c. 17ñ22mm)	ó	5ñ15	30ñ50
3200	ó obv No inscr., laur., dr., cuir. bust 1. rev Constantinvs IVN NOB C or Constantinvs Caesar in three lines, star or wreath above. RIC VII Rom 282ñ3, etc.	20ñ40	70ñ100	150ñ200
3201	ó obv Laur., dr. half-bust 1., with 1. hand hldg. spear and sometimes shield, with r. hand the bridle of a horse, the neck and hd. of which is at 1. rev Bae-ATA Tranqvillitas, globe set on altar inscr. VOTIS XX in three lines, three stars above. RIC VII Tri 381,8,415,9. Note: A rare issue honoring Constantine II as the Prince of Youth, and as such, leader of the Equites (horsemen). The equestrian order died out in the 4th Century.	250ñ350	500ñ800	1000ñ1500

Constantine II (as Caesar)

3202	ó rev Claritas Reipvblicae, Sol adv. 1., hldg. globe and whip. RIC VII Tri 125ñ6. Note: Scholars place this piece in 316, indicating that even though Constantine II was formally hailed Caesar on March 1, 317, he achieved the rank late in 316 as a consequence of the First Licinian War.	80ñ120	150ñ200	400ñ600
3203	ó rev Saecvli Felicitas, shield inscr. AVG upon garlanded cippus. RIC VII Rom 163ñ4.	15ñ25	50ñ75	150ñ200
3204	ó rev Virt Exerc, Sol stg. facing at ctr. of large X-shaped ëcamp plan.í RIC VII Thes 71. Note: The meaning of this reverse type, struck only at Thessal-onica c. 319, is much-debated.	80ñ120	250ñ350	400ñ600
3205	Billon Æ3/4 (nummus) (c. 15ñ18mm) rev Gloria Exercitvs, two soldiers stg. facing, hldg. spears and shields, two standards betw. RIC VII Thes 199, etc.	ó	5ñ15	20ñ40
3206	Billon Æ4 (nummus) (c. 13ñ16mm) As prev., but only one standard. RIC VII Thes 223, etc.	ó	5ñ15	20ñ40
	Note: For Festival of Isis issues, see nos. 3437ñ9.
3207	Brass Æ4 Medallet (15mm) rev Vota Vicennalior, Constantine the Great std. facing, hd. 1., hldg. scepter and and raising mappa. RIC-. Alföldi, Festival of Isis, pl. 1,32. Note: Struck for the vicennalia of Constantine the Great in July, 326, this piece is akin to the brass issues of the Festival of Isis.	200ñ300	500ñ800	1500ñ2000

Constantine II (as Augustus)

3208	AV Solidus	300ñ400	700ñ1000	1750ñ2250
3209	AV 1-1/2 Scripulum (Nine-Siliqua)	300ñ400	700ñ1000	1750ñ2250
3210	ó rev Secvritas Reipvblicae, Securitas stg. facing, leaning against column, hand on hd. RIC VIII Tri 18.	400ñ600	1250ñ1750	3000ñ5000
3211	AR Heavy Miliarensis	1500ñ2000	4000ñ6000	ó
3212	ó rev Gavdivm Popvli Romani around wreath containing SIC XX SIC XXX. RIC VIII Sis 47.	1500ñ2000	5000ñ8000	ó
3213	AR Light Miliarensis	400ñ600	1000ñ1500	3000ñ5000
3214	ó rev Constantin VS P F AVG, three standards. RIC VIII Thes 49.	400ñ600	1000ñ1500	4000ñ6000
3215	AR Heavy Siliqua	70ñ100	150ñ200	400ñ600

Constantine II (as Augustus)

3216	ó obv No inscr., upward-gazing, diad. hd. r. rev Constantin VS Avgvstvs, Victory adv. 1., hldg. wreath and palm branch. RIC VIII Con 15ñ6.	200ñ300	400ñ600	1000ñ1500
3217	Billon Æ4 (nummus) (c. 13ñ16mm)	ó	5ñ15	20ñ40

Constans, A.D. 337ñ350

Caesar, A.D. 333ñ337

SON OF CONSTANTINE THE GREAT AND FAUSTA

BROTHER OF CONSTANTINE II, CONSTANTIUS II, CONSTANTINA (w. OF HANNIBALLIANUS & CONSTANTIUS GALLUS) AND HELENA THE YOUNGER (w. OF JULIAN II)

HALF-BROTHER OF CRISPUS

HALF-COUSIN OF DELMATIUS, HANNIBALLIANUS, CONSTANTIUS GALLUS, JULIAN II, LICINIUS II AND NEPOTIAN

GRANDSON OF CONSTANTIUS I, HELENA AND MAXIMIAN

Examples of obverse inscriptions:

Caesar:	FL CONSTANS NOB CAES
	FL IVL CONSTANS NOB C(AES)
Augustus:	CONSTANS AVG(VSTVS)
	CONSTANS P F AVG
	D N CONSTANS P F AVG (also used by Constans II)
	FL IVL CONSTANS P(IVS) F(Elix) AVG

Note: Constansí siliquae are easily distinguished from those of Constans II (A.D. 409/10ñ11) with the same inscription based on their finer style, fabric and different reverse type.

As Caesar, except where noted, busts are right-facing and laureate, and often draped and/or cuirassed. As Augustus, except where noted, busts are right-facing and diademed, and usually draped and/or cuirassed.

Constans (as Caesar)

3218	AV Solidus	200ñ300	500ñ800	1500ñ2000
3219	ó rev Victoria Caesar NN, Victory adv. 1., hldg. trophy and palm branch; LXXII in r. field. RIC VII Ant 104. Note: LXXII (=72) appears only on one issue of Antioch, c. 336ñ337. It confirms that the solidus was struck at 72 to the Roman pound.	900ñ1200	2000ñ3000	5000ñ8000
3220	AR Light Miliarensis rev Constans Caesar, four standards. RIC VII Tri 585.	300ñ400	900ñ1200	2000ñ3000

Constans (as Caesar)

3221	AR Heavy Siliqua	70ñ100	150ñ200	400ñ600
3222	ó obv No inscr., upward-gazing, diad. hd. r. rev Constans Avgvstvs, Victory adv. 1., hldg. wreath and palm branch. RIC VIII Con 19ñ20.	200ñ300	400ñ600	1000ñ1500
3223	Billon Æ3/4 (nummus) (c. 15ñ18mm) rev Gloria Exercitvs, two soldiers stg. facing, hldg. spears and shields, two standards betw. RIC VII Thes 201, etc.	ó	5ñ15	20ñ40
3224	Billon Æ4 (nummus) (c. 13ñ16mm) As prev., but only one standard. RIC VII Thes 225, etc.	ó	5ñ15	20ñ40

3238

Constans (as Augustus)

3225	AV Solidus. Illustrated p. 550.	150ñ200	400ñ600	900ñ1200
3226	AV Semissis	150ñ200	400ñ600	1500ñ2000
3227	ó rev OB Victoriam Trivmphalem, two confr. Victories hldg. wreath containing VOT XV. RIC VIII Sis 126.	150ñ200	500ñ800	2000ñ3000
3228	AV 1ñ1/2 Scripulum (Nine-Siliqua)	150ñ200	400ñ600	1500ñ2000
3229	ó rev Secvritas Reipvblicae, Securitas stg. facing, leaning against column, hand on hd. RIC VIII Tri 19.	150ñ200	400ñ600	1750ñ2250
3230	AR Medallion of Four Siliquae rev TRIVMFA-TOR GENTIVM BARBARARVM, Constans, in military garb, stg. 1., hldg. standard and shield. RIC VIII Thes 80. Note: At slightly more than 13.0g., this is also equivalent to three light miliarenses.	2000ñ3000	7000ñ10,000	15,000ñ20,000
3231	AR Heavy Miliarensis	300ñ400	900ñ1200	2000ñ3000
3232	ó rev Gavdivm Popvli Romani around wreath containing SIC V SIC X. RIC VIII Sis 49.	300ñ400	1000ñ1500	2500ñ3500

Constans (as Augustus)

3233	ó rev Victoriae DD NN AVGG, Victory std. r. on cuirass, shield behind, inscr. VOT X MVLT XX on shield set on her knee; LXAQ in ex. RIC VIII Aqu 57. Note: The LX (=60) before the mint signature occurs only on two issues of Aquileia (the other for Magnentius), and presumably reflects the weight standard of 60 to the Roman pound at which heavy miliarenses were struck.	400ñ600	1500ñ2000	4000ñ6000
3234	AR Light Miliarensis	300ñ400	900ñ1200	2000ñ3000
3235	ó rev Constans P F AVG, three standards. RIC VIII Thes 51.	300ñ400	1000ñ1500	2500ñ3500
3236	AR Heavy Siliqua	70ñ100	150ñ200	400ñ600
3237	AR Heavy Half-Siliqua rev Victoria D D N N AVGG, Victory adv. L, hldg. wreath and palm branch. RIC VIII Sis 179.	250ñ350	500ñ800
3238	Billon Æ2 (ëCentenionalisí) (c. 20ñ24mm) rev FEL TEMP REPARATIO, soldier adv. 1., spearing fallen horseman. RIC VIII Ale 72ñ3, etc. Note: Other standard reverse types exist for this series.	5ñ15	20ñ40	50ñ75
3239	Billon Æ3 (ëHalf-Centenionalisí) (c. 14ñ20mm)	5ñ15	20ñ40	50ñ75
3240	ó rev Fel Temp Reparatio, rad. phoenix stg. r. on globe or mound of rocks. RIC VIII Tri 226,32, etc. Note: Neglible silver content.	5ñ15	20ñ40	70ñ100
3241	Billon Æ4 (nummus) (c. 13ñ16mm)	ó	5ñ15	20ñ40
	Note: For Festival of Isis issues, see nos. 3440ñ1.

Constantius II, A.D. 337ñ361

Caesar, A.D. 324ñ337

SON OF CONSTANTINE THE GREAT AND FAUSTA

BROTHER OF CONSTANTINE II, CONSTANS, CONSTANTIN A (w. OF HANNIBALLIANUS & CONSTANTIUS GALLUS) AND HELENA THE YOUNGER (w. OF JULIAN II)

HALF-BROTHER OF CRISPUS

HALF-COUSIN OF DELMATIUS, HANNIBALLIANUS, CONSTANTIUS GALLUS. JULIAN II, LICINIUS II AND NEPOTIAN

GRANDSON OF CONSTANTIUS I, HELENA AND MAXIMIAN

FATHER OF CONSTANTIA (w. OF GRATIAN)

Examples of obverse inscriptions:

Caesar:	FL IVL CONSTANTIVS NOB C
Augustus:	CONSTANTIVS (P F) AVG
	D N CONSTANTIVS P F AVG
	FL IVL CONSTANTIVS PERP AVG
	FL IVL CONSTANTIVS PIVS FELIX AVG

As Caesar, except where noted, busts are right-facing and laureate (or diademed), and usually draped and/or cuirassed. As Augustus, except where noted, busts are right-facing and diademed, and usually draped and/or cuirassed.

Constantius II (as Caesar)

3242	AV Solidus	200ñ300	500ñ800	1500ñ2000
3243	ó obv No inscr., upward-gazing, diad. hd. r. rev Constantivs Caesar, Victory adv. 1., hldg. wreath and palm branch. RIC VII Sirm 65.	400ñ600	1250ñ1750	3000ñ5000
3244	ó rev Victoria Caesar NN, Victory adv. 1., hldg. trophy and palm branch; LXXII in r. field. RIC VII Ant 102ñ3. Note: LXXII ( = 72) appears only on one issue of Antioch, c. 336ñ337. It confirms that the solidus was struck at 72 to the Roman pound.	900ñ1200	2000ñ3000	5000ñ8000
3245	AV 1-1/2 Scripulum (Nine-Siliqua) rev Principi Ivventvtis, Constantius II, in military garb, stg. r., hldg. spear and globe. RIC VII Nic 116.	200ñ300	500ñ800	1500ñ2000
3246	AR Light Miliarensis	300ñ400	900ñ1200	2000ñ3000
3247	ó rev Constantivs Caesar, four standards. RIC VII Tri 582ñ3.	300ñ400	900ñ1200	2000ñ3000
3248	AR Heavy Siliqua	70ñ100	150ñ200	400ñ600

Constantius II (as Caesar)

3249	ó obv No inscr., upward-gazing, diad. hd. r. rev Constantivs Caesar, Victory adv. 1., hldg. wreath and palm branch. RIC VII Her 146, Nic 187.	200ñ300	400ñ600	1000ñ1500
3250	Billon Æ3 (nummus) (c. 17ñ22mm)	ó	5ñ15	30ñ50
3251	ó obv No inscr., laur., dr., cuir. bust 1. rev Constantivs NOB Caes or Constantivs Caesar in three lines, star or wreath above. RIC VII Rom 284,6, etc.	20ñ40	70ñ100	150ñ200
3252	Billon Æ3/4 (nummus) (c. 15ñ18mm) rev Gloria Exercitvs, two soldiers stg. facing, hldg. spears and shields, two standards betw. RIC VII Thes 200, etc.	ó	5ñ15	20ñ40
3253	Billon Æ4 (nummus) (c. 13ñ16mm) As prev., but only one standard. RIC VII Thes 224, etc.	ó	5ñ15	20ñ40

Constantius II (as Augustus)

3254	AV Medallion of 4í 1/2 Solidi obv Diad., dr., cuir bust 1. rev Gloria Romanorvm, Constanti-nopolis enthroned 1., foot on prow terminating in eagleís hd., hldg. thrysus and Victory on globe. RIC VIII Ant 69. Note: Elaborately detailed and naturalistic, this is one of the finest examples of Late Antique numismatic art. For a companion piece, see no. 3326.	10,000ñ15,000	40,000ñ60,000	100,000 +
3255	AV ëFestaureusí obv Diad., dr., cuir. bust 1. rev Gloria Romanorvm, Constantius II, hldg. eagle-tipped scepter and distributing coins, stg. in facing fast quadriga, two horses each in opposite directions. RIC VIII Nic 77. Note: When this was struck the solidus was the Empireís standard gold coin and the aureus (at 60 to the pound) was a ceremonial item representing a 1ñ1/5 solidus.	1250ñ1750	5000ñ8000	15,000ñ20,000
3256	AV Solidus. Illustrated p. 553.	150ñ200	400ñ600	900ñ1200
3257	ó, Trier in revolt against Magnentius and Decentius, c. 353. rev Victoria AVG Nostri, Constantius II, in military garb, hldg. spear and globe, stg. at r.; to his 1., Victory, hldg. wreath and palm branch, departs 1., looking back. RIC VIII Tri 329ñ31. Note: These rare solidi were struck when Trier was under the leadership of a man named Poemenius.	400ñ600	1500ñ2000	3000ñ5000
3258	ó obv Helm., diad. half-bust 3/4-facing, hldg. shield and spear rev Various types.	125ñ175	200ñ300	500ñ800
3259	ó obv Diad. half-bust 1., wearing consular robes, hldg. globe and scepter rev Various types.	250ñ350	900ñ1200	1500ñ2000

Constantius II (as Augustus)

3260	AV Semissis rev Victoria Avgvstorvm, Victory std. r., inscr. VOT XXX OR XXXX on shield supported by winged genius (cupid). RIC VIII Ant 92ñ3.	150ñ200	400ñ600	1500ñ2000
3261	AV 1ñ1/2 Scripulum (Nine-Siliqua)	150ñ200	400ñ600	1500ñ2000
3262	ó rev SIC X SIC XX in four lines in wreath. RIC VIII Sis 40.	250ñ350	500ñ800	2000ñ3000
3263	ó As 3260; inscr. VOT XXX or XXXX. RIC VIII Nic 101, Ant 179.	150ñ200	400ñ600	1500ñ2000
3264	AR Medallion of Four Siliquae rev Gavdivm Popvli Romani around wreath containing SIC XX SIC XXX in four lines. RIC VIII Sis 145. Note: At slightly more than 13.0g., this is also equivalent to three light miliarenses.	2000ñ3000	7000ñ10,000	15,000ñ20,000
3265	AR Heavy Miliarensis	300ñ400	900ñ1200	2000ñ3000
3266	ó rev Gavdivm Popvli Romani around wreath containing SIC X SIC XX. RIC VIII Sis 48.	300ñ400	1000ñ1500	2500ñ3500
3267	AR Light Miliarensis	300ñ400	900ñ1200	2000ñ3000
3268	ó rev Constantivs P F AVG, three standards. RIC VIII Thes 50.	300ñ400	900ñ1200	2500ñ35002500ñ3500
3269	ó rev Felicitas Romanorvm, Constantius II and Constantius Gallus stg. side-by-side facing, hds. confr., both in military garb and hldg. scepter and globe, all beneath an arch supported by columns. RIC VIII Sirm 13.	400ñ600	1000ñ1500	3000ñ5000
3270	AR Heavy Siliqua	70ñ100	150ñ200	400ñ600
3271	ó obv No inscr., upward-gazing, diad. hd. r. rev Votis XV (or XX) Mvltis XX (or XXX) in wreath. RIC VIII Ant 35ñ6.	200ñ300	400ñ600	1000ñ1500
3272	ó obv As prev. rev Constantivs Avgvstvs, Victory adv. 1., hldg. wreath and palm branch. RIC VIII Con 17ñ8.	200ñ300	400ñ600	1000ñ1500
3273	ó rev Constantivs AVG, three upright palm branches, star above. RIC VIII Sis 61.	70ñ100	150ñ200	500ñ800
3274	AR Heavy Half-Siliqua rev Victoria D D N N AVGG, Victory adv. 1., hldg. wreath and palm branch. RIC VIII Sis 178.	250ñ350	500ñ800
3275	AR Light Siliqua	30ñ50	70ñ100	150ñ200

Constantius II (as Augustus)

3276	Æ2 (c. 22ñ24mm), Trier in revolt against Magnentius and Decentius, c. 353. rev Salvs AVG Nostri, Chi-Rho flanked by A and co. RIC VIII Tri 332ñ6. Note: When the citizens of Trier revolted on behalf of Constantius II, they struck solidi (no. 3257) and these crude bronzes, which are underweight and virtually silver-free. The reverse has the Chi-Rho type of Magnentius, but instead of the usual inscription Salvs DD NN AVG ET CAES used by Magnentius, they are inscribed Salvs AVG Nostri.	20ñ40	70ñ100	200ñ300
3277	Billon Æ2 (ëCentenionalisí) (c. 20ñ24mm) rev Fel Temp Reparatio, soldier adv. 1., spearing fallen horseman. RIC VIII Ale 72ñ3, etc. Note: Other standard types exist for this series.	5ñ15	20ñ40	50ñ75
3278	ó As prev., but rev LXXII in field. RIC VIII Aqu 187ff, Sis 334ff. Note The LXXII shows that these ëreducedí billon Æ2ís (after c. 352) were struck at 72 to the Roman pound. Though weights vary because ?s were struck al marco, the target of c. 4.50g. fits well with the observed range of c. 3.0ñ4.7g.	20ñ40	50ñ75	150ñ200
3279	Billon Æ3 (ëHalf-Centenionalisí) (c. 14ñ20mm)	5ñ15	20ñ40	50ñ75
3280	ó rev Fel Temp Reparatio, rad. phoenix stg. r. on globe or mound of rocks. RIC VIII Tri 227, etc. Note: Negligible silver content.	15ñ25	30ñ50	70ñ100
3281	ó rev Fel Temp Reparatio around large M, three pellets arranged across. RIC VIII Rom 313. Note: Known only for Constantius II at Rome.	100ñ150	400ñ600
3282	Billon Æ4 (nummus) (c. 13ñ16mm)	ó	5ñ15	20ñ40
	Note: For Festival of Isis issues, see nos. 3442ñ7.

Magnentius, A.D. 350ñ353

BROTHER OR COUSIN OF DECENTIUS

HUSBAND OF JUSTINA (FUTURE w. OF VALENTINIAN I)

Examples of obverse inscriptions:

Augustus:	D N MAGNENTIVS (P F) AVG
	IMP CAE MAGNENTIVS AVG
	MAGNENTIVS AVG

3293

Busts are right-facing, bare-headed (or diademed), draped and cuirassed.

Magnentius (as Augustus)

3283	AV Medallion of Three Solidi obv Bare-headed, dr., cuir. bust r. rev Liberator Reipvblicae, Magnentius, nimbate, in military garb with flowing cloak, riding r. toward turreted fig. of Aquileia, hldg. scroll and cornucopia. RIC VIII Aqu 122. Note: This medallion of 351 commemorates Magnentiusí formal entry into this important mint-city.	5000ñ8000	10,000ñ15,000	30,000ñ50,000
3284	AV Solidus	700ñ1000	1500ñ2200	3000ñ5000
3285	AV Semissis	700ñ1000	1250ñ1750	3,000ñ4,000
3286	AV 1ñ1/2 Scripulum (Nine-Siliqua)	700ñ1000	1250ñ1750	3,000ñ4,000
3287	AR Medallion of Four Siliquae rev Trivmfator Gentivm Barbararvm, Magnentius, in military garb, stg. 1., hldg. spear and labarum. RIC VIII Aqu 141. Note: At about 13.0g., this is also equivalent to three light miliarenses.	5000ñ8000	10,000ñ15,000	30,000ñ50,000
3288	AR Heavy Miliarensis	700ñ1000	1500ñ2000	4000ñ6000
3289	ó rev Felicitas Perpetva around laurel wreath containing VOT V MVLT X in four lines; Lxaq ∑ in ex. RIC VIII Aqu 142. Note: The LX (=60) before the mint signature occurs only on two issues of Aquileia (the other for Constans), and presumably reflects the weight standard of 60 to the Roman pound at which heavy miliarenses were struck.	900ñ1200	1750ñ2250	5000ñ8000
3290	AR Light Miliarensis	400ñ600	1000ñ1500	2000ñ3000
3291	AR Heavy Siliqua	200ñ300	400ñ600	1000ñ1500
3292	Billon Æ1 (ëDouble-Centenionalisí) (c. 27ñ30mm)	50ñ75	150ñ200	400ñ600

Magnentius (as Augustus)

3293	ó rev Salvs Ddnn AVG ET Caes, Chi-Rho flanked by A and co. RIC VIII Ami 34, etc. Note: Of the many ëstandardí reverse types employed by Magnentius, this one is certainly the most creative, for it was meant to incite the Orthodox Christians of the west against the Arian Constantius II, who intended to reclaim the western provinces.	50ñ75	150ñ200	400ñ600
3294	ó As prev., but design set in wreath. RIC VIII Arl 188, etc.	50ñ75	150ñ250	500ñ700
3295	Billon Æ2 (ëCentenionalisí) (c. 22ñ25mm). Illustrated p. 556.	20ñ40	50ñ75	100ñ150
3296	ó As 3293, but smaller. RIC VIII Ami 39, etc.	20ñ40	70ñ100	150ñ200
3297	ó As 3294, but smaller. RIC VIII Arl 192, etc.	20ñ40	70ñ100	150ñ200
3298	Billon Æ3 (ëHalf-Centenionalisí) (c. 14í 20mm)	20ñ40	50ñ75	100ñ150
3299	ó rev Beatitvdo Pvblica, Magnentius, wearing consular robes, std. 1. on curule chair, raising r. hand and. hldg. scepter. RIC VIII Aqu 164ñ6. Note: Celebrates his consulship of 351.	100ñ150	400ñ600
	Note: For Festival of Isis issues, see no. 3448.

Decentius

Caesar, A.D. 350ñ353

BROTHER OR COUSIN OF MAGNENTIUS

Examples of obverse inscriptions:

Caesar:	D N DECENTIVS FORT (OR NOB) CAES
	D N DECENTIVS CAESAR
	DECENTIVS FOR CAES
	MAG DECENTIVS NOB CAES

Busts are right-facing, bare-headed, draped and/or cuirassed.

Decentius (as Caesar)

3300	AV Solidus	1000ñ1500	2000ñ3000	5000ñ8000
3301	AV Semissis rev Victoria D N Caes, Victory adv. 1., hldg. wreath and palm branch. RIC VIII Tri 282.	1700ñ2500	5000ñ8000	ó

Decentius (as Caesar)

3302	AV 1ñ1/2 Scripulum (Nine-Siliqua) As prev., but sometimes also VICTORIA D D N N CAES. RIC VIII Tri 283ñ4.	1000ñ1500	3000ñ5000	ó
3303	AR Heavy Miliarensis	1000ñ1500	4000ñ6000	10,000ñ15,000
3304	AR Light Miliarensis rev Principi Ivventvtis, Decentius, in military garb, stg. r., hldg. spear and globe. RIC VIII Tri 303.	900ñ1200	3000ñ5000	7000ñ10,000
3305	AR Heavy Siliqua	1250ñ1750	4000ñ6000	ó
3306	Billon Æ1 (ëDouble-Centenionalisí) (c. 27ñ30mm)	50ñ75	150ñ200	400ñ600
3307	ó rev Salvs D D N N AVG ET CAES, Chi-Rho flanked by A and co. RIC VIII Ami 35, etc.	50ñ75	150ñ200	400ñ600
3308	ó As prev., but design set in wreath. RIC VIII Arl 189, etc.	50ñ75	150ñ250	500ñ700
3309	Billon Æ2 (ëCentenionalisí) (c. 22ñ25mm). Illustrated p. 558.	20ñ40	50ñ75	100ñ150
3310	ó As 3307, but smaller. RIC VIII Ami 40, etc.	20ñ40	70ñ100	150ñ200
3311	ó As 3308., but smaller. RIC VIII Arl 193, etc.	20ñ40	70ñ100	150ñ200
3312	Billon Æ3 (ëHalf-Centenionalisí) (c. 14ñ20mm)	20ñ40	50ñ75	100ñ150

Vetranio, A.D. 350

Obverse inscription:

Augustus:

D N VETRANIO P F AVG

Busts are right-facing, laureate, draped and cuirassed.

Vetranio (as Augustus)

3313	AV Solidus rev Salvator Reipvblicae, emperor, stg. at 1., hldg. labarum, crowned by Victory, stg. at r., hldg. palm branch. RIC VIII Sis 260.	4000ñ6000	10,000ñ20,000	50,000 +
3314	ó rev Virtvs Exercitvm, emperor stg. facing, hldg. spear and trophy, at the base of which sits a captive. RIC VIII Thes 124.	4000ñ6000	10,000ñ20,000	50,000 +

Vetranio (as Augustus)

3315	AR Heavy Miliarensis rev Gavdivm Popvli Romani, wreath containing VOT V MVL X betw. two palm branches. RIC VIII Sis 261.	2000ñ3000	4000ñ6000	15,000ñ20,000
3316	ó rev Virtvs Exercitvm, emperor stg. facing, hldg. labarum, resting hand on shield. RIC VIII Thes 125.	2000ñ3000	4000ñ6000	15,000ñ20,000
3317	AR Light Miliarensis rev Victoria Avgvstorvm, Victory adv. L, hldg. wreath and palm branch; a palm branch at 1. RIC VIII Sis 262ñ3.	1500ñ2000	3000ñ5000	10,000ñ15,000
3318	AR Heavy Siliqua Sim. to prev. RIC VIII Sis 269.	2000ñ3000	4000ñ6000	ó
3319	Billon Æ2 (ëCentenionalisí) (c. 22ñ24mm)	30ñ50	70ñ100	250ñ350
3320	ó rev HOC Signo Victor Eris, type as 3313. RIC VIII Sis 275ff. Illustrated p. 559.	30ñ50	100ñ150	300ñ400
3321	Billon Æ3 (ëHalf-Centenionalisí) (c. 14ñ20mm)	20ñ40	50ñ75	150ñ200

Note: Vetranio struck coins at Siscia and Thessalonica in the name of Constantius II.

Nepotian, A.D. 350

GRANDSON OF CONSTANTIUS I AND THEODORA

COUSIN OF DELMATIUS, HANNIBALLIANUS, CONSTANTIUS GALLUS, JULIAN II AND LICINIUS II

HALF-COUSIN OF CRISPUS, CONSTANTINE II, CONSTANTIUS II, CONSTANS, CONSTANTINA (w. OF HANNIBALLIANUS & CONSTANTIUS GALLUS) AND HELENA THE YOUNGER (w. OF JULIAN II)

Obverse inscriptions:

Augustus:	D N IVL NEPOTIAN VS P F AVG
	FL NEP CONSTANTIN VS AVG
	FL POP NEPOTIANVS P F AVG

Bust types vary, and are described in the catalog entries.

Nepotian (as Augustus)

3322

AV Solidus obv Pearl-diad., dr., cuir. bust r. rev Vrbs Roma, Roma enthroned 1., hldg. spear and globe surmounted by Chi-Rho, a shield at her side. RIC VIII Rom 167.

7000ñ10,000

20,000ñ30,000

75,000 +

Nepotian (as Augustus)

3323	Billon Æ2 (ëCentenionalisí) (c. 22ñ24mm) obv Bare-headed, dr., cuir. bust r. rev Gloria Romanorvm, Nepotian riding r., spearing barbarian with outstretched arms; shield and broken spear below, star in r. field. RIC VIII Rom 200. Illustrated p. 560.	1250ñ1750	3000ñ5000	7000ñ10,000
3324	ó obv As prev. rev As 3322, but globe surmounted by Victory. RIC VIII Rom 202.	1250ñ1750	3000ñ5000	7000ñ10,000
3325	ó obv Laurel-and-rosette diad., dr., cuir. bust r. rev As prev. RIC VIII Rom 203.	1250ñ1750	3000ñ5000	7000ñ10,000

Note: Nepotian struck coins at Rome in the name of Constantius II.

Constantius Gallus

Caesar, A.D. 351ñ354

GRANDSON OF CONSTANTIUS I AND THEODORA

HALF-BROTHER OF JULIAN II

COUSIN OF DELMATIUS, HANNIBALLIANUS, LICINIUS II AND NEPOTIAN

HALF-COUSIN OF CRISPUS, CONSTANTINE II, CONSTANTIUS II, CONSTANS, AND HELENA THE YOUNGER (w. OF JULIAN II)

Examples of obverse inscriptions:

Caesar:	CONSTANTIVS CAE
	CONSTANTIVS NOB CAES
	D N CONSTANTIVS IVN NOB C
	D N (FL) CONSTANTIVS NOB CAES

Busts are right-facing, bare-headed, draped and cuirassed.

Constantius Gallus (as Caesar)

3326	AV Medallion of 4ñ1/2 Solidi obv Bare-headed, dr., cuir bust 1. rev Gloria Romanorvm, Con-stantinopolis enthroned 1., foot on prow with lionís hd., hldg. thrysus and Victory on globe. RIC VIII Ant 71 A. Note: For an equally large and impressive medallion, see no. 3254.	10,000ñ15,000	40,000ñ60,000	100,000 +
3327	AV Solidus	250ñ350	1000ñ1500	3000ñ5000

Constantius Gai?us (as Caesar)

3328	AV Semissis rev Gloria Reipvblicae or Victoria Avgvstorvm, Victory std. r. on cuirass, shield behind, hldg. shield inscr. Votis V (or wreath with star) supported by winged genius (cupid). RIC VIII Ant 94ñ6.	250ñ350	900ñ1200	2000ñ3000
3329	AV 1ñ1/2 Scripulum (Nine-Siliqua) As prev. RIC VIII Ant 100ñ1.	250ñ350	900ñ1200	2000ñ3000
3330	AR Heavy Miliarensis	900ñ1200	3000ñ5000	7000ñ10,000
3331	AR Light Miliarensis	900ñ1200	3000ñ5000	7000ñ10,000
3332	AR Heavy Siliqua	200ñ300	500ñ800	1500ñ2000
3333	ó rev No inscr., star in wreath with medallion at top. RIC VIII Arl 209ñ10, etc.	250ñ350	500ñ800	1750ñ2250
3334	Billon Æ2 (ëCentenionalisí) (c. 20ñ24mm). Illustrated p. 561.	5ñ15	20ñ40	50ñ75
3335	ó rev Fel Temp Reparatio, soldier adv. L, spearing fallen horseman, LXXII in field. RIC VIII Aqu 189ff, Sis 335ff. Note The LXXII shows that these ëreducedí billon Æ2ís (after c. 352) were struck at 72 to the Roman pound. Though weights vary because ?s were struck al marco, the target of c. 4.50g. fits in the range of c. 3.0ñ4.7g.	20ñ40	50ñ75	150ñ200
3336	Billon Æ3 (ëHalf-Centenionalisí) (c. 14ñ20mm)	5ñ15	20ñ40	50ñ75
	Note: For Festival of Isis issues, see no. 3449.

Julian II, A.D. 360ñ363

Caesar: A.D. 355ñ360 (under Constantius II)

Augustus: A.D. 360ñ361 (rival of Constantius II) A.D. 361ñ363 (sole reign)

GRANDSON OF CONSTANTIUS I AND THEODORA

HALF-BROTHER OF CONSTANTIUS GALLUS

COUSIN OF DELMATIUS, HANNIBALLIANUS, LICINIUS II AND NEPOTIAN

HALF-COUSIN OF CRISPUS, CONSTANTINE II, CONSTANTIUS II, CONSTANS AND CONSTANTINA (w. OF HANNIBALLIANUS & CONSTANTIUS GALLUS)

Examples of obverse inscriptions:

Caesar:	D N CL IVLIANVS NOB CAES
	D N IVLIANVS NOB C(AES)
	FL CL IVLIANVS NOB C(AES)
Augustus:	D N CL IVLIANVS AVG
	D N FL CL IVLIANVS P F AVG
	FL CL IVLIANVS PERP AVG
	FL CL IVLIANVS P F (or P P) AVG
	IVLIANVS AVG

As Caesar, busts are right-facing, bare-headed, draped and cuirassed. As Augustus, except where noted, busts are right-facing, diademed, draped and cuirassed.

Julian II (as Caesar)

3337	AV Solidus	250ñ350	900ñ1200	2000ñ3000
3338	AV Semissis rev Victoria Avgvstorvm, Victory std. r., inscr. VOT V on shield supported by winged genius (cupid). RIC VIII Arl 240.	250ñ350	900ñ1200	2000ñ3000
3339	AV 1ñ1/2 Scripulum (Nine-Siliqua) As prev. RIC VIII Arl 242.	250ñ350	900ñ1200	2000ñ3000
3340	AR Heavy Miliarensis rev D N Ivlianvs (Nob) Caes, three standards. RIC VIII Arl 247ñ9.	500ñ800	2000ñ3000	4000ñ6000
3341	AR Light Miliarensis rev Virtvs Exercitvs, soldier stg. r., hldg. spear, leaning on shield. RIC VIII Thes 204. Note: Heavy miliarenses of this type were also struck.	400ñ600	1250ñ1750	3000ñ5000
3342	AR Heavy Siliqua rev Votis V Mvltis X in four lines in wreath. RIC VIII Thes 206, etc.	80ñ120	200ñ300	500ñ800

Julian II (as Caesar)

3343	ó rev No inscr., star in wreath with medallion at top. RIC VIII Arl 255.	100ñ150	250ñ350	700ñ1000
3344	ó rev Votis V in two lines in wreath. RIC VIII Nic 102a.	80ñ120	200ñ300	500ñ800
3345	AR Light Siliqua rev As 3342. RIC VIII Arl 263ñ5.	20ñ40	70ñ100	150ñ200
3346	ó As 3343. RIC VIII Arl 257.	80ñ120	200ñ300	500ñ800
3347	Billon Æ3 (ëHalf-Centenionalisí) (c. 14ñ20mm)	5ñ15	20ñ40	50ñ75
3348	Æ4 (c. 1347mm) rev Spes Reipvblice, Julian, in military garb, stg. r., hldg. globe and spear. RIC VIII Ale 88.	5ñ15	20ñ40	50ñ75

Julian II (as Augustus)

3349	AV Solidus	250ñ350	900ñ1200	2000ñ3000
3350	ó obv Pearhdiad. half-bust 1., wearing consular robes, hldg. scepter and mappa rev Virtvs Exercitvs Romanorvm, Julian II, wearing consular robes, hldg. scepter and mappa, enthroned facing or stg. 1. RIC VIII Ant 204ñ6. Note: Struck in celebration of Julianís fourth consulship.	400ñ600	1250ñ1750	5000ñ8000
3351	AV Semissis rev Victoria D D N N AVGG, Victory std. r., inscr. VOT X on shield supported by winged genius (cupid). RIC VIII Lyo 207.	250ñ350	900ñ1200	2000ñ3000
3352	AV 1ñ1/2 Scripulum (Nine-Siliqua) rev Gloria (or Victoria) Romanorvm, type as prev., but VOT XX on shield. RIC VIII Ant 207ñ9.	250ñ350	900ñ1200	2000ñ3000
3353	AR Light Miliarensis	400ñ600	1250ñ1750	3000ñ5000
3354	ó rev Victoria Romanorvm, Julian, in military garb, stg. facing, hldg. scepter and globe, being crowned from behind by Victory, all beneath an arch supported by columns. RIC VIII Sirm 104.	500ñ800	2000ñ3000	4000ñ6000
3355	AR Heavy Siliqua rev Victoria Avgvsti N, Victory adv. 1., hldg. wreath and palm branch. RIC VIII Rom 325ñ6.	80ñ120	200ñ300	500ñ800
3356	AR Light Siliqua	20ñ40	70ñ100	150ñ200
3357	AR Light Half-Siliqua rev Victoria Perpetv, Victory adv. L, hldg. wreath and palm branch. RIC VIII Tri 366.	400ñ600	1000ñ1500	ó

Julian II (as Augustus)

3358	Billon Æ1 (ëMaiorinaí) (c. 27ñ30mm) rev Secvritas Reipvb, bull stg. r., hd. si. facing, two stars above, sometimes eagle before. RIC VIII Arl 313ñ23, etc. Note: For theories on the meaning of Julianís bull, see his Numismatic Note. Illustrated p. 563.	30ñ50	100ñ150	400ñ600
3359	Æ3 (c. 19ñ21mm) obv Helm., cuir. bust 1., hldg. spear and shield rev Vot X Mvlt XX in four lines in wreath. RIC VIII Sirm 108.	5ñ15	20ñ40	50ñ75
3360	Æ4 (c. 1347mm) As 3348. RIC VIII Lyo 220ñ1,35, etc.	5ñ15	20ñ40	50ñ75
	Note: For Festival of Isis issues, see no. 3379 and nos. 3450ñ60.

Note: Julianís effigies as Augustus are both clean-shaven and bearded, with latter type being engraved in several different styles.

Jovian, A.D. 363ñ364

Obverse inscriptions:

Augustus:	D N IOVIANVS P F (or P F P) AVG
	D N IOVIANVS P F P P AVG
	D N IOVIANVS PEp (or PERP) AVG

Busts are right-facing, diademed, draped and cuirassed.

Jovian (as Augustus)

3361	AV Solidus. Illustrated above.	300ñ400	700ñ1000	1750ñ2250
3362	AV 1ñ1/2 Scripulum (Nine-Siliqua) rev Victoria Avgvsti, Victory std. r., inscr. VOT V MVL X on shield supported by winged genius (cupid). RIC VIII Con 171.	400ñ600	900ñ1200	2000ñ3000
3363	AR Heavy Miliarensis rev Votis V Mvltis X in four lines in wreath. RIC VIII Ant 225.	1000ñ1500	4000ñ6000	ó
3364	AR Light Miliarensis rev Gloria Romanorvm, Jovian, in military garb, stg. facing, hd. r., hldg. spear and globe, beneath fluted archway supported by columns. RIC VIII Ant 226.	1000ñ1500	4000ñ6000	ó

Jovian (as Augustus)

3365	ó rev Restitvtor Reip, Jovian, in military garb, stg. 1., hd. r., hldg. labarum and Victory on globe. RIC VIII Arl 328.	1000ñ1500	4000ñ6000	ó
3366	AR Heavy Siliqua rev VOT V Mvlt X in four lines in wreath. RIC VIII Arl 329. Note: This type is shared with light siliquae, and they may only be distinguished by weight.	70ñ100	200ñ300	500ñ800
3367	AR Light Siliqua	50ñ75	100ñ150	250ñ350
3368	Billon Æ1 (ëMaiorinaí) (c. 27ñ30mm)	70ñ100	250ñ350	500ñ800
3369	Æ3 (c. 19ñ21mm) rev VOT V or VOT V MVLT X in wreath. RIC VIII Con 178ñ9, etc.	5ñ15	20ñ40	70ñ100
	Note: For Festival of Isis issues, see nos. 3461ñ7.

Festival of Isis Coinage

As the Roman Empire underwent a transformation from paganism to Christianity under Constantine the Great, the vestiges of Greek and Roman religions began to fade from all forms of art, including coinage. One pagan remnant which survived into the later 4th Century was an annual commemorative coinage for the Festival of Isis held each year in Rome. The Festival of Isis coins are among the most interí esting of all Roman coins, for they depict aspects of Egypto-Roman paganism which, except on provincial issues, did not occur on Roman coins, even in the age when paganism was the official state religion.

The Festival coins are often called small medallions because they had a specific ceremonial function, and because the vast majority of them are struck in brass (orichalcum), an expensive alloy of copper which had been long-abandoned on regular coinage. Much like the contemporary ëcontorniatesí (which also have pagan images), there is no doubt that the Festival of Isis issues were struck by the government at the mint of Rome.

Both the ëImperialí issues (bearing the portraits of emperors) and the ëanonymousí issues (with the portraits of deities) were probably distributed at the Festival of Isis in Rome (the navigium Isidis) or possibly on the occasions of Imperial vows, which occured on January 3, for the standard inscription is Vota Pvblica (ëpublic vowsí). Indeed, a brass ëmedalletí of Constantine II inscribed Vota Vicennalior (no. 3207) seems closely related to the Vota Pvblica issues cataloged below. It is also of interest that some of the earliest Festival of Isis coins have Vota Pvblica reverses paired with ëabdicationí obverses of Diocletian and Maximian.

A large percentage of these festival coins were pierced in ancient times, indieating that they were used as amulets worn about the neck or nailed to the frames of buildings or to sarcophagi. The coins were never common, even in ancient times, and they obviously were valued as keepsakes. We may be sure that their role in commerce, if any was intended, was not a significant consideration.

Isis was an important goddess to the Romans, for she had many guises. Two of them which apply to this coinage were that of a sea goddess and as guarantor of the abundance of harvests and the fertility of fields. Since Egypt was a vital source of grain for the Empire, and this grain was delivered by ship, it is only natural that Isis ó in her dual-capacity ó would have relevance.

The first Festival of Isis issues were struck by Diocletian and his three colleagues, but they are exceedingly rare and have not been cataloged here. Thereafter, following a single issue by Licinius I, production began on a more sizeable scale under Constantine the Great, and continued until the 380s, when the last dateable issues were struck by Valentinian II.

Though a great many types are known for the Festival of Isis coinage, this comes as no surprise considering they were probably struck each and every year for the better part of a century. However, the quantities must have been small, as few survive. A short listing of types from 337 to 364 is offered in RIC volume VIII, pp. 300ñ305, but the best coverage is offered in Andreas Alföldis doctoral dissertation A Festival of Isis in Rome Under the Christian Emperors of the IVth Century. This monumental work, published in 1937 as part of the Dissertadones Pannonicae (for the Institute of Numismatics and Archaeology of the Pázmány-University, Budapest), is regrettably as rare as the coins themselves.

The catalog that follows is virtually complete, and is based on Alfoldis work. The listings are divided between ëanonymousí and ëImperial portraití issues, both of which make use of the same table of reverse types. The ëanonymousí listings are subdivided by obverse type based on design content, and the ëImperial portraití listings are arranged in chronological order by emperor. Values are only approximate, and are based on design content, size and rarity. Slight surface porosity is to be expected.

Reverse Types of Festival of Isis Coins

Except where noted, all reverses are inscribed Vota Pvblica. Grammatical errors are common.

Reverse Types of Festival of Isis Coins

A	Sol-Serapis stg. r., raising r. hand and hldg. globe in 1.
Ba	Serapis stg. r., raising r. hand and hldg. globe in 1.
Bb	Serapis stg. r., hldg. scepter, placing hand on hd. of devotee kneeling at 1.
Be	Deo Sarapidi, Serapis, std. facing on throne, hldg. grain ears and scepter
Ca	Isis adv. (or stg.) 1., hldg. sistrum and situla
Cb	Isis stg. facing, looking 1., raising r. hand
Cc	Isis, stg. facing, looking r. or 1., hldg. sistrum, situla and/or sometimes a discshaped object or dish of fruit
Cd	Isis, stg. facing, looking r., hldg. branch and uncertain disc-shaped object (dish of fruit?)

Reverse Types of Festival of Isis Coins

Ce	Isis stg. facing, looking 1., raising both hands (sistrum in r. hand?)
Cf	Isis as mummy, adv. L, hldg. scepter and laying raised 1. arm on breast
Cg	Isis as sea-goddess, reel, to r., hldg. cornucopia with both hands
Ch	Isis std., facing, suckling Horus
Ci	Isis stg. r. in galley, supporting sail
Cj	Isis stg. 1., looking either r. or 1., in galley, supporting sail
Ck	Isis, hldg. sistrum, std. 1. in galley traveling r.
Cl	Isis stg. 1. in galley, hldg. sistrum in raised r. hand and situla in 1. hand, several rowers below her
Cm	Isis std. 1. in galley, hldg. sistrum, several rowers before her at 1.
Cn	Isis, hldg. sistrum, in cart drawn 1. by two mules
Co	NO INSCRIPTION, Isis, hldg. sistrum, in cart drawn 1. by two mules
Cp	Isis, hldg. sistrum, in cart drawn 1. by two mules which are accompanied by Anubis hldg. branch
Cq	Isis, facing and hldg. sistrum and basket or disc(?), in cart drawn by two sphinxes, in front of cart Horus stg. and the Sothis dog, sometimes rad., bounding, waves below
Cr	NO INSCRIPTION, Isis, facing and hldg. sistrum and basket or disc(?), in cart drawn by two sphinxes, in front of cart Horus stg. and the Sothis dog, sometimes rad., bounding, waves below
Cs	Isis, hldg. sistrum and scepter, sitting on the back of the Sothis dog, bounding r. and looking back
Ct	Isis, with sistrum and situla, and Anubis, with palm branch and caduceus, both adv. 1.
Cu	Isis, stg. 1. and hldg. sistrum, embraces Anubis, stg. r. and hldg. caduceus
Cv	Isis and winged Nephtis, each wearing elephant headdresses, stg. confr., joining their raised hands (or slight variety of this description)
Cw	Isis and Osiris, with lower bodies of serpents, confr., jointly raising a sacred vessel, from which the uraeus-snake sometimes emerges
Da	Anubis stg. 1., hldg. sistrum and caduceus
Db	Anubis stg. 1., hldg. branch and caduceus
Dc	Anubis, wearing long robe and hldg. sistrum, std. at prow of ship, facing r.
E	Harpocrates stg. 1., setting his r. forefinger to his mouth, and hldg. a cornucopia in 1.
F	Nilus reel, to r., hldg. ship and sometimes a reed
Ga	Sphinx, sitting r., raising r. foreleg
Gb	Sphinx, sitting 1., raising foreleg

Reverse Types of Festival of Isis Coins

Ha	Devotee of Isis kneeling r., arms outstretched
Hb	Devotee of Isis stg. r., hldg. basket on her hd.
He	Devotee of Isis adv. r., hldg. in each hand a candelabrum
Hd	Devotee of Isis stg. facing, hldg. two burning torches
He	Devotee of Isis adv. r. with cow(?)í topped standard over shoulder
I	Cupid, brandishing whip, stg. on back of sea-monster with the upper body of a bull and tail of a fish adv. r., dolphin below
J	Neptune, at 1., stg. r., 1. foot on prow, hldg. dolphin and trident, facing Isis at r., stg. 1., hldg. sistrum and sacred vessel
K	Two naked deities stg. facing, emerging from a calyx of lotus, hldg. snakes and a small, uncertain object; betw. them at their feet a sacred vessel with the uraeuSí Snake

Anonymous Coins of the Festival of Isis

Except where noted, coins with Isis alone have the obverse inscription Isis Faria; all others are inscribed Deo Sarapidi or Deo Serapidi. Grammatical errors are common.

Anonymous Coins of the Festival of Isis

	obv Rad, dr. bust r. or 1. of Sol-Serapis, wearing modius
3370	Æ3 rev Ca,Ci,Da	200ñ400	500ñ800	1000ñ1500
3371	ó. rev Cb,Ch,Cn,Db,E	200ñ400	500ñ800	1000ñ1500
3372	ó. rev Cg,Ct,Cw,Ha,He	400ñ600	900ñ1200	ó
3373	Æ4 rev Ca,Ci,Da,F	80ñ120	150ñ200	500ñ800
3374	ó. rev Db,E,Ga	100ñ150	200ñ300	700ñ900
3375	ó. rev Ce	150ñ200	250ñ350	850ñ1000
3376	ó. rev Cg,Hd,I	250ñ500	700ñ1000	1500ñ2000
	obv Rad., dr. half-bust r. or 1. of Sol-Serapis, wearing modius and raising r. hand
3377	Æ3 rev Ba,Ca,Da	200ñ400	500ñ800	1000ñ1500
3378	ó. rev Cs,Cv	400ñ600	900ñ1200	ó
	obv Vota Pvblica, rad., dr. bust r. of Sol-Serapis, wearing modius; bearded with features of Julian II
3379	Æ3 rev Da	400ñ600	900ñ1200	ó
	obv Rad., dr. facing bust of Sol-Serapis, wearing modius
3380	Æ3 rev Ch	400ñ600	900ñ1200	ó
	obv Dr. bust r. or 1. of Serapis, wearing modius
3381	Æ3 rev A,Ca,Ci,Da	200ñ400	500ñ800	1000ñ1500
3382	ó. rev Ch,Cn	200ñ400	500ñ800	1000ñ1500
3383	ó. rev Cs	250ñ500	700ñ1000	1500ñ2000

Anonymous Coins of the Festival of Isis

3384	Æ4 rev A,Ba,Ci,Da,F	80ñ120	150ñ200	500ñ800
3385	ó. rev Ch,Cn,Db,E,Ga	100ñ150	200ñ300	700ñ900
3386	ó. rev Cf	250ñ500	700ñ1000	1500ñ2000
	obv Dr. half-bust 1. of Serapis, hldg. sistrum, wearing modius
3387	Æ3 rev Cv	400ñ600	900ñ1200	ó
	obv Dr. facing bust of Serapis, wearing modius
3388	Æ4 rev Ci,Da,F	150ñ200	250ñ350	850ñ1000
	obv Dr. bust r. of Isis, wearing hem-hem crown
3389	Æ3 rev A,Ba,Ca,Ci,Da,F	200ñ400	500ñ800	1000ñ1500
3390	ó. rev Ch,Cn,Db,E	200ñ400	500ñ800	1000ñ1500
3391	ó. rev Cs	250ñ500	700ñ1000	1500ñ2000
3392	ó. rev Cg,Cq	400ñ600	900ñ1200	ó
3393	Æ4 rev Ca,Ci,Da,F	80ñ120	150ñ200	500ñ800
3394	ó. rev Cb,E,Ga,Gb	100ñ150	200ñ300	700ñ900
3395	ó. rev Cc	150ñ200	250ñ350	850ñ1000
	obv De Isidi, dr. bust r. of Isis, wearing hem-hem crown
3396	Æ3 rev Ca,Ci,F	250ñ500	700ñ1000	1500ñ2000
	obv Vota Pvblica, dr. bust r. of Isis, wearing hem-hem crown
3397	Æ3 rev Da	250ñ500	700ñ1000	1500ñ2000
3398	Æ4 rev A,E,F	150ñ200	250ñ350	850ñ1000
	obv Dr. half-bust 1. of Isis, hldg. sistrum, wearing hem-hem crown
3399	Æ3 rev Ba,Ca,Ci,Da,F	200ñ400	500ñ800	1000ñ1500
3400	ó. rev Ch,Cn	250ñ500	700ñ1000	1500ñ2000

Anonymous Coins of the Festival of Isis

3401	ó. rev Cs	400ñ600	900ñ1200	ó
3402	ó. rev Cv,Hc	ó	ó	ó
3403	Æ4 rev Ci,Da	100ñ150	200ñ300	700ñ900
	obv Dea Isis Faria, dr. half-bust 1. of Isis, hldg. sistrum, wearing hem-hem crown
3404	Æ4 rev Ci	150ñ200	250ñ350	850ñ1000
	obv Vota Pvblica, dr. half-bust 1. of Isis, hldg. sistrum, wearing consular robes and hem-hem crown
3405	Æ3 rev Ci	250ñ500	700ñ1000	1500ñ2000
3406	ó. rev Ch,	400ñ600	900ñ1200	ó
3407	ó. rev Cs,Cu,Hb	ó	ó	ó
	obv Dr. facing bust of Isis, wearing hem-hem crown
3408	Æ3 rev Ci	250ñ500	700ñ1000	1500ñ2000
3409	ó. rev Cs	ó	ó	ó
	obv Dr. facing bust of Isis, wearing hem-hem crown, hldg. sistrum
3410	Æ4 rev Da	150ñ200	250ñ350	850ñ1000
3411	ó. rev E	250ñ500	700ñ1000	1500ñ2000
3412	ó. rev Be	400ñ600	ó	ó
	obv Jugate busts r. of Sol-Serapis, rad., dr. and wearing modius, and Isis, wearing hem-hem crown
3413	Æ3 rev Ci	200ñ400	500ñ800	1000ñ1500
3414	ó. rev Bb	ó	ó	ó
	obv Jugate busts r. or 1. of Serapis, dr. and wearing modius, and Isis, wearing hem-hem crown
3415	Æ3 rev A,Ca,Ci,Da,F	200ñ400	500ñ800	1000ñ1500
3416	ó. rev Ch,Cn	250ñ500	700ñ1000	1500ñ2000

Anonymous Coins of the Festival of Isis

3417	ó. rev Cc,Cs	400ñ600	900ñ1200	ó
3418	ó. rev Cv	ó	ó	ó
3419	ó. obv *Isis also hldg. sistrum rev* Cs**	ó	ó	ó
	obv Vota Pvblica, jugate busts r. of Serapis, dr. and wearing modius, and Isis, wearing hem-hem crown and hldg. sistrum
3420	Æ3 rev Da,Ci	250ñ400	700ñ1000	1500ñ2000
3421	ó. rev Cc	ó	ó	ó
	obv Deo Sarapidi(?), confr. busts of Serapis, dr. and wearing modius; and Isis, wearing hem-hem crown and hldg. sistrum
3422	Æ3 rev Ch	ó	ó	ó

Imperial Portrait Coins of the Festival of Isis

Except where noted, obverses have the right-facing, laureate bust of the emperor named in the accompanying inscription. Busts are usually draped and/or cuirassed.

Imperial Portrait Coins of the Festival of Isis

	Licinius I, A.D. 308ñ324
3423	Æ4 rev Ca	250ñ500	700ñ1000	1500ñ2000
	Constantine I, as Augustus, A.D. 307ñ337
3424	Æ3 rev Ca,Ci,Cj	200ñ400	500ñ800	1000ñ1500
3425	ó. rev Ck	400ñ600	900ñ1200	ó
3426	Æ3/4 rev Cl	250ñ500	700ñ1000	1500ñ2000
3427	ó. rev Da	150ñ200	250ñ350	850ñ1000
3428	ó. rev Db	200ñ400	500ñ800	1000ñ1500
3429	ó. rev Dc	500ñ800	ó	ó
3430	Æ4 rev Ca,Cj	100ñ150	200ñ300	700ñ900
3431	ó. rev J	400ñ600	900ñ1200	ó
3432	ó. rev Db	150ñ200	250ñ350	850ñ1000

Imperial Portrait Coins of the Festival of Isis

	Crispus, as Caesar, A.D. 316ñ326
3433	Æ3 rev Cm	400ñ600	900ñ1200	ó
3434	Æ3/4 rev Ca	150ñ200	250ñ350	850ñ1000
3435	Æ4 rev Cl(?)	250ñ500	700ñ1000	1500ñ2000
3436	ó. rev Cj, Db,	150ñ200	250ñ350	850ñ1000
	Constantine II, as Caesar, A.D. 316ñ337
3437	Æ4 rev Ca,Cj,Da	100ñ150	200ñ300	700ñ900
3438	ó. rev Cc( ?)	250ñ500	700ñ1000	1500ñ2000
3439	ó. rev Db	150ñ200	250ñ350	850ñ1000
	Constans, as Augustus, A.D. 337ñ350
3440	Æ4 rev Cj(?)	150ñ200	250ñ350	850ñ1000
3441	ó. rev Db	250ñ500	700ñ1000	1500ñ2000
	Constantius II, as Caesar, A.D. 324ñ337
3442	Æ4 rev Cj,Db	150ñ200	250ñ350	850ñ1000
	Constantius II, as Augustus, A.D. 337ñ361
3443	Æ3/4 rev Cj	150ñ200	250ñ350	850ñ1000
3444	Æ4 rev Cj,Da,Db	100ñ150	200ñ300	700ñ900
3445	ó. rev Co	400ñ600	900ñ1200	ó
	obv Diad. half-bust r. or 1. of Constantius II, wearing consular robes, hldg. scepter and sometimes also a branch(?)
3446	Æ4 rev Cj	150ñ200	250ñ350	850ñ1000
3447	ó. rev Co	500ñ800	ó	ó
	Magnentius, A.D. 350ñ353
3448	Æ3/4 rev Ci(?),F	200ñ400	500ñ800	1000ñ1500
	Constantius Gallus, A.D. 351ñ354

Imperial Portrait Coins of the Festival of Isis

3449	Æ3/4 rev Ci,F	200ñ400	500ñ800	1000ñ1500
	Julian II, as Augustus, A.D. 360ñ363 (see also no. 3379)
3450	Æ2 rev Ch	1000ñ1500	1500ñ2500	3000ñ5000
3451	ó. rev Cs	1000ñ1500	1500ñ2500	3000ñ5000
3452	ó. rev Cv	1000ñ1500	2000ñ3000	ó
3453	Æ4 rev Ci(?)	100ñ150	200ñ300	700ñ900
3454	ó. rev Cn	150ñ200	250ñ350	850ñ1000
	obv Diad., cuir half-bust 1. of Julian II, hldg. Victory on globe and a shield with she-wolf and twins
3455	AR Medallion rev Da (or Db)	ó	ó	ó
3456	Æ2 rev Ch	1000ñ1500	1500ñ2500	3000ñ5000
3457	ó. rev Cd	1000ñ1500	2000ñ3000	ó
3458	ó. rev K,Cr,Cw	1000ñ1500	2000ñ3000	ó
	obv Helm., diad., cuir bust 1. of Julian II, seen from behind, hldg. shield
3459	Æ4 rev Ca,Da,Cn	100ñ150	200ñ300	700ñ900
3460	ó. rev Cp	250ñ500	700ñ1000	1500ñ2000
	Jovian, A.D. 363ñ364
3461	Æ2 rev Cs	1000ñ1500	1500ñ2500	3000ñ5000
3462	ó. rev Cv	1000ñ1500	2000ñ3000	ó
3463	Æ4 rev Ci,Da	100ñ150	200ñ300	700ñ900
3464	ó. rev Ch,Cn,E	150ñ200	250ñ350	850ñ1000
3465	ó. rev Cp	250ñ500	700ñ1000	1500ñ2000
	obv Diad. half-bust r. of Jovian, wearing consular robes, hldg. eagle-tipped scepter and globe

Imperial Portrait Coins of the Festival of Isis

3466	Æ2 rev Ch	1000ñ1500	1500ñ2500	3000ñ5000
3467	ó. rev Cw	1000ñ1500	2000ñ3000	ó
	Valentinian I, A.D. 364ñ375
3468	Æ2 rev Ch	1000ñ1500	1500ñ2500	3000ñ5000
3469	Æ3 rev Cc,Cs	400ñ600	900ñ1200	ó
3470	ó. rev Ch	250ñ350	700ñ1000	ó
3471	Æ4 rev Da,F	100ñ150	200ñ300	700í 9 00
3472	ó. rev E	150ñ200	250ñ350	850ñ1000
3473	ó. rev Cc	250ñ500	700ñ1000	1500ñ2000
	Valens, A.D. 364ñ378
3474	Æ2 rev Cc	1000ñ1500	1500ñ2500	3000ñ5000
3475	ó. rev Ch	600ñ900	1200ñ1500	2000ñ3000
3476	Æ4 rev Da,F	100ñ150	200ñ300	700ñ900
3477	ó. rev Ch,E	150ñ200	250ñ350	850ñ1000
	Gratian, A.D. 367ñ383
3478	Æ3/4 rev Ca	200ñ400	500ñ800	1000ñ1500
3479	Æ4 rev Da	150ñ200	250ñ350	850ñ1000
3480	ó. rev Cn	250ñ500	700ñ1000	1500ñ2000
	Valentinian II, A.D. 375ñ392
3481	Æ4 rev Da	150ñ200	250ñ350	850ñ1000
3482	ó. rev Ch	250ñ500	700ñ1000	1500ñ2000

Page

Contents

If you find an error or have any questions, please email us at admin@erenow.org. Thank you!