All dates before 690 BC are approximate. Some pharaohs or dynasties were contemporary with each other. Only pharaohs who appear in the dictionary are included.
PREDYNASTIC PERIOD C. 5000–C. 3100 BC
EARLY DYNASTIC PERIOD C. 3100–2686 BC
DYNASTY “O” c. 3150–3050 BC
“Scorpion”
FIRST DYNASTY c. 3050–2890 BC
Narmer c. 3100 BC
Aha c. 3080 BC
Djer c. 3050 BC
Djet c. 3000 BC
Den c. 2985 BC
SECOND DYNASTY c. 2890–2686 BC
Hotep-sekhemwy c. 2890 BC
Peribsen c. 2700 BC
Khasekhemwy c. 2600 BC
OLD KINGDOM C. 2686–2181 BC
THIRD DYNASTY c. 2686–2613 BC
Sanakhte c. 2686–2613 BC
Netjer–khet Djoser c. 2667–2648 BC
Sekhemkhet c. 2648–2640 BC
FOURTH DYNASTY c. 2613–2494 BC
Snefru c. 2613–2589 BC
Khufu c. 2589–2566 BC
Djedefre c. 2566–2558 BC
Khafre c. 2558–2532 BC
Menkaure c. 2532–2503 BC
Shepseskaf c. 2503–2498 BC
FIFTH DYNASTY c. 2498–2345 BC
Userkaf c. 2494–2487 BC
Sahure c. 2487–2475 BC
Neferirkare c. 2475–2455 BC
Neferefre c. 2448–2445 BC
Niuserre c. 2445–2421 BC
Djedkare-Isesi c. 2414–2375 BC
Unas c. 2375–2345 BC
SIXTH DYNASTY c. 2345–2181 BC
Teti 2345–2323 BC
Pepi I 2321–2287 BC
Nemtyemsaf 2287–2278 BC
Pepi II 2278–2184 BC
FIRST INTERMEDIATE PERIOD C. 2181–2000 BC
SEVENTH/EIGHTH DYNASTIES c. 2181–2125 BC
NINTH DYNASTY c. 2160–2130 BC
TENTH DYNASTY c. 2130–2040 BC
ELEVENTH DYNASTY c. 2125–1985 BC
Intef I 2125–2112 BC
Intef II 2112–2063 BC
MIDDLE KINGDOM C. 2040–1795 BC
Nebhepetre Menthuhotep II 2055–2004 BC
S’ankh-ka-re Menthuhotep III 2004–1992 BC
Neb-tawy-re Menthuhotep IV 1992–1985 BC
TWELFTH DYNASTY c. 1985–1795 BC
Amenemhat I 1985–1955 BC
Senusret I 1965–1920 BC
Amenemhat II 1922–1878 BC
Senusret II 1880–1874 BC
Senusret III 1874–1855 BC
Amenemhat III 1855–1808 BC
Amenemhat IV 1808–1799 BC
Sebekneferu 1799–1795 BC
THIRTEENTH DYNASTY c. 1782–1650 BC
FIFTEENTH DYNASTY (Hyksos) c. 1650–1550 BC
Apepi c. 1585–1550 BC
Khamudy c. 1550–1535 BC
SEVENTEENTH DYNASTY c. 1580–1550 BC
Tao c. 1560 BC
Kamose c. 1555–1550 BC
NEW KINGDOM C. 1550–1069 BC
EIGHTEENTH DYNASTY c. 1550–1295 BC
Ahmose 1550–1525 BC
Amenhotep I 1525–1504 BC
Thutmose I 1504–1492 BC
Thutmose II 1492–1479 BC
Thutmose III 1479–1425 BC (sole reign from 1456)
Hatshepsut 1472–1458 BC
Amenhotep II 1427–1400 BC
Thutmose IV 1400–1390 BC
Amenhotep III 1390–1352 BC
Akhenaten 1352–1336 BC
Tutankhamun 1336–1327 BC
Horemheb 1323–1295 BC
NINETEENTH DYNASTY c. 1295–1186 BC
Sety I 1294–1279 BC
Ramesses II 1279–1213 BC
Merneptah 1213–1203 BC
Amenmesses 1203–1200 BC (or entirely within the reign of Sety II)
Sety II 1200–1194 BC
TWENTIETH DYNASTY c. 1186–1069 BC
Ramesses III 1184–1153 BC
Ramesses IV 1153–1147 BC
Ramesses VI 1143–1136 BC
Ramesses IX 1126–1108 BC
Ramesses XI 1099–1069 BC
THIRD INTERMEDIATE PERIOD C. 1069–656 BC
TWENTY-FIRST DYNASTY c. 1069–945 BC
Osorkon “the elder” 984–978 BC
Siamun 978–959 BC
TWENTY-SECOND DYNASTY c. 945–715 BC
Sheshonq I 945–924 BC
Osorkon I 924–889 BC
Osorkon II 874–850 BC
Takeloth II 850–825 BC
Osorkon III c. 800–785 BC
TWENTY-FIFTH DYNASTY c. 750–656 BC
Kashta c. 750–736 BC
Piye (Piankhy) c. 736–712 BC
Shabaqo c. 711–695 BC
Shebitqo c. 695–690 BC
Taharqo 690–664 BC
Tanwetamani 664–656 BC
LATE PERIOD 664–332 BC
TWENTY-SIXTH DYNASTY 664–525 BC
Psamtik I 664–610 BC
Nekau II 610–595 BC
Psamtik II 595–589 BC
Wahibre (Apries) 589–570 BC
Ahmose II (Amasis) 570–526 BC
Psamtik III 526–525 BC
TWENTY-SEVENTH DYNASTY (PERSIAN KINGS) 525–404 BC
Cambyses 525–521 BC
Darius I 521–485 BC
Pedubast III (rebel Egyptian dynast) c. 500 BC
Xerxes 485–465 BC
Artaxerxes I 465–424/423 BC
Darius II 423–404 BC
TWENTY-EIGHTH DYNASTY 404–399 BC
Amyrtaios 404–400/399 BC
TWENTY-NINTH DYNASTY 399–379 BC
Nefaarud I ca 399/398–394/393 BC
Hakor 393/392–381–380 BC
Pshenmut 380/379 BC
Nefaarud II 379 BC
THIRTEENTH DYNASTY 380–341 BC
Nakhtnebef (Nectanebo I) ca 379/378–362/361 BC
Djedhor 361/360–360–359 BC
Nekhthorheb (Nectanebo II) 359/358–342/341 BC
SECOND PERSIAN DYNASTY 343–332 BC
Artaxerxes III 343–338 BC
Khabbash (Egyptian independent pharaoh) c. 338 BC
Darius III 336–332 BC
MACEDONIAN KINGS 332–305 BC
Alexander III the Great 332–323 BC
Philip Arrhidaios 323–317 BC
Alexander IV 323–305 BC
THE PTOLEMIES 305–30 BC
Ptolemy I Soter 305–282 BC
Ptolemy II Philadelphos 285–246 BC
Ptolemy III Euergetes I 246–222 BC
Ptolemy IV Philopator 222–205 BC
Ptolemy V Epiphanes 205–180 BC
Ptolemy VI Philometor 180–145 BC
Kleopatra II 180–116 BC
Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II 169–163, 145–116 BC
Kleopatra III 145–101 BC
Ptolemy IX Soter II 116–107 BC
Ptolemy X Alexander I 107–88 BC
Ptolemy IX Soter II (restored) 88–80 BC
Kleopatra Berenike III 80 BC
Ptolemy XI Alexander II 80 BC
Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos (“Auletes”) 80–58, 55–51 BC
Kleopatra VI (58–57 BC) and Berenike IV 58–55 BC
Ptolemy XIII 51–47 BC
Kleopatra VII 51–30 BC
Ptolemy XIV 47–44 BC
Ptolemy XV Kaisarion 44–30 BC
ROMAN EMPERORS 30 BC–395 AD
Augustus 30 BC–14 AD
Tiberius 14–37 AD
Caius (Caligula) 37–41 AD
Claudius 41–54 AD
Nero 54–68 AD
Vespasian 69–79 AD
Titus 79–81 AD
Trajan 98–117 AD
Hadrian 117–138 AD
Antoninus Pius 138–161 AD
Marcus Aurelius 161–180 AD
Septimius Severus 193–211 AD
Caracalla 198–217 AD
Macrinus 217–218 AD
Elagabalus 218–222 AD
Philip 244–249 AD
Valerian 253–260 AD
Gallienus 253–268 AD
Claudius II Gothicus 268–270 AD
Aurelian 270–275 AD
Diocletian 286–305 AD
Constantine I 306–337 AD
Julian 361–363 AD
Theodosius I 379–395 AD
BYZANTINE EMPERORS 395–642 AD
Justinian I 527–565 AD
Phocas 602–610 AD
Heraclius 610–642 AD