SECTION 14

REPORT:

January 20, 1965. New York

Section 14 offers a neatly packaged review of information from 1964, already set out in the FBI file. The only new report is submitted a few weeks after Malcolm apparently checked into a Hilton in New York under the alias M. Khalil, but all the other information contained had been previously documented, at least in outline form. The report elaborates on Malcolm’s statements of June 1964 regarding Elijah Muhammad’s extramarital affairs, stating that Wallace Muhammad, Elijah’s son, had informed him of his father’s improprieties. The day after Malcolm stated that “the NOI would even commit murder to keep this secret quiet,” he received a recorded telephone message telling him that he was “as good as dead.”

Malcolm did not limit his criticism to the Messenger. On June 4, he had appeared on a Philadelphia radio show and stated that John Ali, National Secretary of the NOI, only wanted to “get all the money out of it (the NOI) he possibly [could].” Threats on Malcolm’s life continued throughout the month of June and early July until he left for Africa.

The Bureau documents Malcolm’s foreign travel extensively, indicating that he traveled in Africa from April 13 through May 21. On this trip the FBI obtained his itinerary, a report of his pilgrimage to Mecca, and the text of some statements he made which incriminated the U.S. government. His last trip of July 9 to November 24 is also documented, during which he met with Mrs. Shirley Graham DuBois, widow of writer W.E.B. DuBois, whose “background is important to show the strange inter-weaving of characters now attempting to infiltrate and agitate the Negro communities of the U.S.”

Malcolm details his April and May travels extensively in his autobiography, but his description differs greatly from the FBI’s views. For Malcolm, his travels are a learning experience; for the Justice Department, they are an opportunity for him to influence foreign nations to oppose the United States.

The section concludes with a recap of Yeagley’s request for an investigation into possible Logan Act violations, and that if the MMI “is receiving funds from any Arab or African government, or is acting at the order, request or direction of the foreign government, it may be obligated to register under the Foreign Agents Registration Act.”

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION

Reporting Office: NEW YORK

Office of Origin: NEW YORK

Date: 1/20/65

Investigative Period: 12/1/64–1/15/65

Report made by: [BUREAU DELETION]

Title of Case: CHANGED

MALCOLM K. LITTLE aka

M. Khalil

Character of case: IS-MMI

The title of this case is marked “Changed” to add the alias of M. KHALIL used by the subject when he registered at the Hilton Hotel, NYC, on 1/2/65.

AFFILIATION WITH THE MUSLIM MOSQUE, INCORPORATED (MMI)

A public rally sponsored by the MMI was held on June 7, 1964, at the Audubon Ballroom, New York City. Approximately 450 persons were present at this rally and the featured speaker was MALCOLM X, the founder and leader of the MMI.

MALCOLM, in his speech, told of his recently completed tour of Africa. He claimed that Africans were very sympathetic to Negroes in America and that African countries have promised to take the American racial problem to the United Nations for a solution.

He accused the New York City Police Commissioner of being a racist who is attempting to justify a police state by blaming disorder in New York on the Negroes.

During a question and answer period, MALCOLM was asked a question about ELIJAH MUHAMMAD and the Nation of Islam (NOI), which question appeared to be “set up.” MALCOLM answered by alleging that ELIJAH MUHAMMAD, the leader of the NOI, was the father of six illegitimate children which the NOI “covers up.” MALCOLM X claimed that the NOI would even commit murder to keep this secret quiet. He also claimed that this information concerning ELIJAH MUHAMMAD was told to him by MUHAMMAD’s son, WALLACE, who, according to MALCOLM X, has been put out of the NOI by his father.

At an open rally sponsored by the MMI, held on June 21, 1964, at New York City, MALCOLM X was the main speaker. MALCOLM referred to his recent African tour and talked of the Islam religion as the only true faith for the Negroes. He described the civil rights bill passed by the United States Senate in June as a “farce” which will not solve the Negroes’ problems.

MALCOLM mentioned that a new group is being formed to deal with the racial problems in the United States. He claimed that this new group will have an educational program to instruct Negroes in the contribution their race has made to history. He indicated that this new group will not sponsor “sit-ins” as current civil rights groups do but their policy will be one of “take-ins,” that is, according to MALCOLM X, they will take what is rightfully theirs.

A regular meeting of the MMI was held [BUREAU DELETION]. At this meeting, a letter written by MALCOLM X, who was touring Africa, addressed to an unknown African delegate to the Organization of African Unity Conference in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, was read. In the letter, MALCOLM X informed the delegates that if the latter needed recruits to join the rebel military forces in the Congo, to aid in driving the white mercenary forces of Congo President MOISE TSHOMBE out of the Congo, he, MALCOLM X, could obtain ten thousand recruits in the Harlem section of New York City.

There was no answer to the letter to the African delegate and no call for recruits was made at the above meeting. No statement was made that would indicate that any such call for recruitment would be made.

Confidential sources familiar with MMI activity in the New York City and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania areas could furnish no information that would substantiate the allegation that MALCOLM X was sending “vengeance squads” to the South, particularly to Mississippi.

[BUREAU DELETION] advised on several dates during July, 1964, that the [BUREAU DELETION] has no information that would substantiate or indicate that the MMI was involved in sending “vengeance squads” to the South.

A special issue of the magazine Revolution, published in Paris, France, for July-August, 1964, contained an exclusive interview with MALCOLM X. During the interview, MALCOLM X stated that he has never employed violence but he felt that if violence is used against “us,” we shall defend ourselves. He added that “we” do not believe that one must offer the other cheek.

MALCOLM X appeared on the “Les Crane Television Show” at New York on December 28, 1964. When asked why he preached that Negroes should take up arms to protect themselves, MALCOLM answered that if the government and the Federal Bureau of Investigation cannot protect Negroes in specific areas of the United States, that Negroes should organize and have rifles to protect themselves. He said he did not want them to break any laws but that vigilante groups are being organized at the present time in New York in order to protect their neighborhoods without the police interfering with their organizing. MALCOLM X said he cannot see any reason why the Negroes cannot also organize themselves for their own protection. He stated that it is up to the Negro to protect himself if the government fails to give him protection.

Television and/or Radio
Appearances of MALCOLM X

On April 23, 1964, a Special Agent of the Federal Bureau of Investigation observed a debate on “The Negro Revolt” between Negro author LOUIS LOMAX and MALCOLM X, which was held on May 23, 1964, at Chicago, Illinois. During his remarks MALCOLM X stated that since his return from Africa, he has changed his mind to a certain extent regarding the white man. He stated that he found a number of white persons who had been converted to the “Moslem” faith who were good people.

On April 23, 1964, MALCOLM X appeared with other guests on “Kup’s Show,” a panel television program moderated by IRV KUPCINET, over television Channel 7, Chicago, Illinois. During the program, MALCOLM X stated, while speaking of the racial problems in America, that he did not believe in racism and that there are many white people in America who are also fed up with the racist attitude reflected in American policy. He developed this belief through his pilgrimage to Mecca, and there are many whites who are willing to become involved in a genuine struggle on behalf of the Negro.

On June 9, 1964, SA [BUREAU DELETION] observed the “Mike Wallace News Program” at 11:00 P.M. over NBC-TV (National Broadcasting Company-Television), New York City. During this program, MALCOLM X was interviewed for approximately five minutes during which he stated that many white persons are fed up with the treatment of Negroes in America and he is convinced that there are good white people. When MIKE WALLACE pointed out to MALCOLM that this was contrary to his former teaching, MALCOLM X said that he now speaks for himself and that his previous anti-white statements were made while he was speaking for the NOI.

On June 8, 1964, MALCOLM X was a guest on the “Barry Gray Show” over radio station WMCA, New York City. During the interview, he stated that he made no distinction between Alabama Governor GEORGE WALLACE and President JOHNSON over racial matters except in their methods. He characterized the United States government as a racist government since the majority of all Congressional committees are headed and dominated by southern Congressmen. He further stated that while in Ghana on a recent trip, he had met with many persons, including the ambassadors of Cuba and Communist China, and he told all of these people that racial discrimination in America is sponsored by the government.

On June 25, 1964, MALCOLM X appeared on the BOB KENNEDY show “Contact” over radio station WBZ, Boston, Massachusetts. During the program, he stated that he saw the civil rights struggle as a struggle for human rights. Also, when asked how militant his new group would be, he stated that the black people in this country are justified in obtaining freedom by any means necessary. He then clarified this statement by stating that he would be justified in taking any action which was intelligent, just and legal.

Philosophy Change

The April 18, 1964 edition of the New York Amsterdam News, a Negro weekly newspaper published in New York City, contained an article on page 1 which indicated that prior to leaving for his African tour, MALCOLM X stated that the purpose of this trip was “to get spiritual strength” from a visit to the Moslem holy city of Mecca.

The May 8, 1964 edition of the New York Times daily newspaper published in New York City contained an article on page 1, captioned “Malcolm X Pleased by White Attitude on Trip to Mecca.” This article stated that in a letter dated April 15, 1964, from Mecca, Saudi Arabia, MALCOLM X advised that he had gained new positive insight on race relations through his religious experience in Mecca. He advised that for the first time in his life, he felt no racial antagonism towards whites. He remarked about the hospitality he had received and stated that his experience has forced him to “rearrange” much of his own thought pattern. He indicated that the religion of Islam made everyone equal regard less of race and that if white America would accept the religion of Islam, then they would cease to measure others in terms of “difference in color.”

On his appearance on the “Les Crane Television Show” on December 28, 1964, at New York City, MALCOLM X stated that his trip to Mecca in April, 1964, caused him to change his attitude towards the white people. He stated that he became a member of the true Islam faith in which it teaches brotherhood for all man and that he has met many true Moslems of the white race.

Efforts to Discredit NOI
Leader ELIJAH MUHAMMED

On June 8, 1964, MALCOLM X, in attempting to make arrangements with [BUREAU DELETION] Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) Television, New York City, to provide the full story of the illegitimate children of ELIJAH MUHAMMAD on a film interview, told [BUREAU DELETION] that there are six women involved. MALCOLM said all are former members of MUHAMMAD’s secretarial staff who have had illegitimate children by him since 1956 or 1957. According to MALCOLM two of these women have had two children and one of the two women at that time was pregnant with a third child of MUHAMMAD’s. MALCOLM claimed that the real reason for his split with the NOI was that when he heard of these indiscretions, he told NOI officials who had in turn told ELIJAH MUHAMMAD in a manner that made it look like he was “stirring up things” instead of trying to resolve them. MALCOLM X told [BUREAU DELETION] that his life is at stake because he poses a threat to the NOI since public revelation of this information would cause NOI members to desert ELIJAH MUHAMMAD. On the same date, [BUREAU DELETION] received a telephone message for MALCOLM X from an anonymous caller who said “Just tell him he is as good as dead.”

On [BUREAU DELETION] 1964, [BUREAU DELETION] advised that at an MMI public rally held in the Audubon Ball-room, New York City, on June 7, 1964, MALCOLM X, in answer to a question from the audience, stated that ELIJAH MUHAMMAD was the father of six illegitimate children. He claimed the NOI covers this up and would even murder to keep it quiet. MALCOLM indicated that he had learned this from ELIJAH’s son, WALLACE MUHAMMAD.

On June 12, 1964, MALCOLM X was the guest on the program “Conversation for Peace” over radio station WEEI, Boston, Massachusetts. During the program, he stated that the real reason for his break with the NOI was due to a moral problem. He then told the story of several teenage NOI members who went to work for the NOI since 1957, and became pregnant. It was always assumed that a non-Muslim male was involved since no one ever stood with the girls when they were brought before the temple to stand charges for their actions. In February, 1963, according to MALCOLM X, he learned that ELIJAH MUHAMMAD was the father of these children and that he talked to MUHAMMAD about it and the latter admitted it. In October, 1963, MALCOLM said he was informed by ELIJAH’s son, WALLACE, that it was still going on and he then realized that he could no longer represent ELIJAH MUHAMMAD. MALCOLM indicated that ELIJAH MUHAMMAD had children by six of his secretaries.

[BUREAU DELETION]

It is to be noted that since June, 1964, MALCOLM X and the MMI have attempted to publicize the illegitimate children of ELIJAH MUHAMMAD through various news media. MALCOLM X has been successful in getting the story on several radio programs during interviews, but a fear of a libel suit has apparently kept such publicity at a minimum. However, representatives of various news agencies have advised MALCOLM that they could publicize it if the women involved instituted legal action against ELIJAH MUHAMMAD.

AFFILIATION WITH THE ORGANIZATION
OF AFRO-AMERICAN UNITY (OAAU)

On June 30, 1964, [BUREAU DELETION] advised that MALCOLM X sent [a] telegram on that date to Dr. MARTIN LUTHER KING, Southern Christian Leadership Conference at Saint Augustine, Florida, and also to [BUREAU DELETION] the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee at Philadelphia, Mississippi, where both of the above were engaged in activities and demonstrations on behalf of the civil rights movement.

Editor’s note. In this telegram Malcolm as Chairman of the OAA U offers to dispatch OAA U members to St. Augustine, Florida, to help blacks there organize themselves “into self-defensive units” so that they can effectively protect themselves against “the vicious attack of the white race” in the event that the federal government fails to send troops to their aid. He suggests that this would give the Ku Klux Klan “a taste of their own medicine” and demonstrate that “the day of turning the other cheek to the inhuman brute beasts is long over.”

An OAAU-sponsored public meeting was held on December 13, 1964, at New York City, attended by about five hundred people.

The featured speaker was OAAU Chairman and MMI leader MALCOLM X. He devoted most of his speech to the Congo situation, claiming that the United States is responsible for the situation there because of its support for the Congo Premier MO-ISE TSHOMBE. MALCOLM X charged that it was the United States who was hiring white mercenaries for TSHOMBE and these white mercenaries described by MALCOLM X as “hired killers” are the ones who are killing innocent Africans.

MALCOLM X also spoke on Mississippi and indicated that the struggle for independence by Africans was synonymous with the struggle for freedom by Afro-Americans in the United States. MALCOLM X also stated that the Federal Bureau of Investigation cannot stop the murders in Mississippi so “they” would have to take care of it. He did not elaborate further on what “they” would do other than to remark in jest that he would pay a reward of $1,000 to anyone who would “get” the sheriff and his deputy who were recently released after being arrested for killing three civil rights workers.

After giving his speech MALCOLM X introduced Negro comedian DICK GREGORY who joked for forty minutes, chiefly concerning law enforcement and the racial situation in the South.

BREAK FROM THE NATION OF ISLAM (NOI)

On June 4, 1964, MALCOLM X appeared on Radio Station WDAS, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and was asked why he left the Nation of Islam. MALCOLM stated that WALLACE MUHAMMAD, son of ELIJAH MUHAMMAD, is the one who really told him what was going on and told him to wake up and leave the organization. He said he learned from WALLACE MUHAMMAD that ELIJAH MUHAMMAD, NOI leader, fathered six illegitimate children by women who were secretaries at the NOI in Chicago. He said two of the women went to Phoenix and were put up in a motel in that city. Two other women were from Detroit. MALCOLM stated that JOHN ALI, National Secretary of the NOI, is currently running the NOI. He said ELIJAH MUHAMMAD’s sons had him go to Phoenix so that JOHN ALI could run the organization. All members of the NOI were told to have absolutely nothing to do with MALCOLM. MALCOLM said JOHN ALI is running the organization (NOI) for one purpose and that is to get all the money out of it that he possibly can.

[BUREAU DELETION]

On June 12, 1964, MALCOLM X appeared on the PAUL VINCAQUIN program “Conversation for Peace,” on Radio Station WEEI, Boston, Massachusetts. The program commenced at 2:10 P.M. and continued until 5:00 P.M. During the interview, MALCOLM stated that he was forced from the NOI because of a moral issue which he could no longer put up with and consequently severed relations with ELIJAH MUHAMMAD. . . .

MALCOLM stated that he realized that he could never again represent ELIJAH MUHAMMAD, knowing that one of the most high officials in the Muslim movement was the father of the children of six secretaries.

An article in the June 26, 1964 issue of the New York Post, a local New York newspaper, captioned “MALCOLM X to ELIJAH; Let’s End the Fighting.” This article states:

Malcolm X today called for an end to the three month dispute which has split the black Muslim movement in Harlem.

In an open letter to ELIJAH MUHAMMAD, he urged an end to hostilities which threaten to flare into open warfare between the two groups, his dissidents and the parent body headed by ELIJAH. He called for unity in solving the problems of Negroes in Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia and other parts of the South.

“Instead of wasting all this energy fighting each other,” he wrote, “we should be working in unity with other leaders and organizations in an effort to solve the very serious problems facing all Afro-Americans.”

He asked ELIJAH MUHAMMAD how, since the Muslims did not resort to violence when they were attacked by “white racists” in Los Angeles and Rochester, N. Y., they could justify declaring war on each other.

MALCOLM X’s statement came on the heels of an announcement by MUHAMMAD’s followers that they had received a “tip” from one of MALCOLM’s followers that plans were being made to assassinate ELIJAH MUHAMMAD when he arrives at Kennedy International Airport Sunday morning.

MALCOLM X, reached at his Boston hotel, denied that he or his followers were plotting to kill the Muslim leader. “I’m surprised at the accusation,” he said. “No Muslim would think of assassinating MUHAMMAD. He has never been in any danger in his life.

“We don’t have to kill him. What he has done will bring him to his grave.”

MUHAMMAD’s followers said that they would take every precaution to protect their leader. “We have our own security guards,” they said. “We just want the police to know about the threat. MALCOLM wants to regain his position by killing the Messenger.”

MALCOLM X scoffed at the accusation and said that the assassination threat was an excuse by MUHAMMAD to bypass the June 28th speaking engagement [in New York]. “I just don’t think he’ll come,” he said.

ALLEGED THREATS AGAINST MALCOLM X
At New York

The New York Herald Tribune, a local New York daily newspaper, dated June 16, 1964, contained an article captioned “Eight Guards, Thirty-two Police for MALCOLM X.” In this article it is stated that the police and guards were guarding MALCOLM X because of anonymous telephone tips to the wire service and a newspaper that MALCOLM would be shot if he appeared in court for an eviction trial. MALCOLM is quoted as saying, “There is no people in the United States more able to carry out this threat than the Black Muslims. I know; I taught them myself.”

“MUHAMMAD was nobody until I came to New York as his emissary,” MALCOLM stated. “If they had left me alone I would not have revealed any of this.”

The New York World Telegram and Sun, dated June 18, 1964, contained an article captioned “MALCOLM X Man Marked for Death.” This article states in part that “police fear that MALCOLM X is a marked man. The former East Coast leader of the Black Muslims goes nowhere without police shadows and his own core of rifle-bearing bodyguards. His own adherents insist he is targeted for assassination by June 29.

MALCOLM X contacted the New York City Police Department on July 7, 1964 and advised them that an attempt was made on his life that day.

[BUREAU DELETION]

MALCOLM X contacted the New York City Police Department on July 3, 1964, and advised them that he was returning home alone in his car at 11:30 P.M.the same date and stopped in front of his home at 33-11 [sic] 97th Street, East Elmhurst, New York, when two unknown Negro males approached his car and touched the door, at which time he sped away, drove around the block and returned to his residence and the two unknown Negro males were nowhere in sight.

A police guard was placed in front of MALCOLM’s home until 4:00 P.M., July 4, 1964. It is believed that the complaint of MALCOLM X was a publicity stunt since he apparently notified the wire and news service as well as the police department about the incident.

[BUREAU DELETION]

MALCOLM X was contacted on July 5, 1964 [BUREAU DELETION], who advised MALCOLM that orders to kill him, MALCOLM, have come from Chicago and that witnesses can be furnished if MALCOLM wants to take the NOI to court.

[BUREAU DELETION]

At Boston, Massachusetts

On June 12, 1964, [BUREAU DELETION] Boston, Massachusetts, advised that at approximately 1:40 P.M. on the same date [BUREAU DELETION] had received an anonymous phone call concerning MALCOLM X. The caller stated that “MALCOLM X is going to be bumped off.”

[BUREAU DELETION] advised that police were sent to guard MALCOLM X who was appearing on a radio program, Station WEEI at 182 Tremont Street, Boston, Massachusetts from 2:10 P.M. until 5:00 P.M. and at 10:00 P.M. the same date MALCOLM X was to appear on Radio Station WMEX, Boston.

MALCOLM X appeared on the JERRY WILLIAMS Radio Program on WMEX, Boston, from 10:00 P.M., June 12, 1964, to 1:00 A.M., June 13, 1964. WILLIAMS introduced MALCOLM X as the former spokesman for ELIJAH MUHAMMAD and the Muslims. He stated he understood several threats had been made on MALCOLM’s life that day and MALCOLM stated that several threats had been made on his life during the last five months. MALCOLM then remarked that recently on a radio program in Chicago known as “Hot Line,” JOHN ALI, National Secretary of the Muslims, had been asked by a telephone caller if it was true that the Muslim Movement was trying to kill MALCOLM X. According to MALCOLM, JOHN ALI replied that they were trying to kill MALCOLM X and that he should be killed.

FOREIGN TRAVEL OF MALCOLM X

To Africa, April 13, 1964
through May 21, 1964

On May 21, 1964, Supervisor JOHN ADAMS, Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS), John F. Kennedy (JFK) International Airport, New York, advised that MALCOLM X LITTLE, Passport Number C294275, using the name MALIK EL SHABAZZ arrived in the United States at 4:25 P.M., aboard Pan American flight 115 from Paris, France.

On July 13, 1964, [BUREAU DELETION] furnished an itinerary of MALCOLM X during his trip to Africa which indicated the following schedule:

April 13, 1964	He departed the United States for Cairo, Egypt.
April 14 to May 5, 1964	In Cairo, United Arab Republic, Beirut , Lebanon and Saudi Arabia, where he completed pilgrimage to Mecca.
May 6, 1964	In Lagos, Nigeria.
May 8, 1964	In Ibadan, Nigeria.
May 10, 1964	In Accra, Ghana.
May 18, 1964	Morocco.
May 19, 1964	In Algiers.
May 21, 1964	Returned to the United States.

At Ibadan, Nigeria

[BUREAU DELETION] made available on May 27, 1964 a copy of the newspaper Pilot, datelined Ibadan, Nigeria, dated May 8, 1964, [which] contained an article of an interview with MALCOLM X. According to this article MALCOLM X stated “United States Peace Corps are spies. They are missionaries of neo-colonialism and although white American Peace Corps were dangerous, enough to invoke protest from any country they were operating, Negro American Peace Corps were more dangerous and objectional.” This article also stated that MALCOLM X remarked that the “Negroes in Peace Corps were being used by the American Government to place a wedge between American Negroes and Africans with views toward ending concept of Africanization of Negroes.”

MALCOLM X added, “Peace Corps has been instructed to present such a repugnant image of American Negroes to the extent that Africans would be compelled to be unsympathetic to Negro causes in America.”

MALCOLM X arrived in Ibadan, Nigeria on May 8, 1964. He visited the university of Ibadan where he spoke before an audience of from four hundred to five hundred persons sponsored by the National Union of Nigerian Students.

At Accra, Ghana

[BUREAU DELETION] advised on June 11, 1964 that MALCOLM X arrived in Accra, Ghana on May 11, 1964. He was not officially invited to Ghana by the Ghanaian Government but came at the invitation of the “Marxist Forum,” a new student organization in the University of Ghana. He did not have an interview with President NKRUMAH nor did the government hold any official reception for him.

During his visit, MALCOLM spoke to the Association of Ghanaian Journalists and gave a lecture at the University of Ghana entitled “Will Africa Ignite America’s Racial Powder Keg?” He also spoke before the students of Kwame Nkrumah Ideological Institute and to an informal group of Parliament members.

MALCOLM emphasized the following basic themes during his tour to Ghana.

1. The Negroes were stolen from Africa and forced to forget their culture and traditions, yet they never have been accepted into American society.

2. The Christian religion has been used to oppress Negroes and encourage them to accept an inferior position.

3. Force is the only possible way to achieve equality.

4. The United States is the “master of imperialism” without whose support other imperialistic nations could not exist.

5. White America is guilty of dehumanizing the American Negro and putting him to death as a human being.

6. If America is not interested in human rights in America, how can she be interested in human rights in Africa? The American Government should not send the Peace Corps to Africa, they should send them to Mississippi and Alabama.

7. The only difference between apartheid in South Africa and racism in the United States is that “while South Africa preaches and practices segregation, the United States preaches integration and practices segregation.”

The New York Amsterdam News, local New York Negro newspaper, dated May 23, 1964, contained an article captioned “Is Mecca Trip Changing Malcolm X?” This article in part states:

Has the visit of Malcolm X, now El Hajj Malik El Shab-bazz, to Mecca and with Muslim leaders in Africa changed him to become more soft in his anti-white feelings and to become more religious?

This is the feeling of this reporter following receipt of a newsletter this week from Nigeria in which Malcolm, who is due to return to New York next week, said that he was being received with warm hospitality throughout Africa where he said “they love us as their long-lost brothers.”

Asserting that his trip to Mecca had officially established his new religious Muslim Mosque, Inc., at the Hotel Theresa, Malcolm said his trip had also established that Africans are interested in the plight of the nation’s 22 million African-Americans.

A possible clue to Malcolm’s suspected change in his militant racial attitudes was seen in a newsletter received this week by the Amsterdam News.

“As far as the Muslims of Asia, Arabia, and even Europe, are concerned, in regards to the plight of the 22 million African-Americans, the Koran compels all people who accept the Islam religion to take a firm stand on the side of anyone whose human rights are being violated, no matter what the religious persuasion of the victims may be.”

Fresh from a visit to the Muslim holy city of Mecca and a tour of several African nations, Malcolm X is scheduled to return to New York Thursday afternoon, May 21, to launch a drive urging closer ties between American Negroes and Africans.

Malcolm hinted his new philosophy in a letter to the Amsterdam News in which he said that “we can learn much from the strategy used by the American Jews. They have never migrated physically to Israel, yet their cultural, philosophical and psychological ties to Israel have enhanced their political, economic and social position right there in America.

“Pan Africanism will do for people of African descent all over the world the same that Zionism has done for Jews all over the world,” Malcolm wrote.

Malcolm’s letters to this newspaper during his almost two months in Africa indicate something of a change in his position to work for closer ties with civil rights leaders and a lessening of his anti-white attitudes. During his visit to Mecca he was the guest of the government for 12 days and was treated as a dignitary in most of the places he traveled, his letters asserted.

On May 23, 1964, MALCOLM X appeared on “Kup’s Show,” Channel 7-TV, Chicago, Illinois. On the panel show he was asked if he was able to get into Mecca, a closed city, by his own identification or did he have to pass some kind of test to prove that he was a Muslim.

MALCOLM said he arrived in Cairo about three in the morning and his inability to speak Arabic plus his American passport made him automatically suspect. So he was taken from the group that he originally started out from Cairo with and placed in a compound which has been built there in Jedda which houses all of the incoming pilgrims, and he thought about ninety thousand came in this year by plane alone. He was put in this place and he had to admit he was worried because he couldn’t communicate. And he stayed there about twenty hours and he was in a haram (phonetic) which is a two-piece towel outfit. Your waist from the belt downward is wrapped in one towel and from the waist upward in another. And after being in this particular plight for about twenty hours, he recalled that Dr. SCHWARBE (phonetic) from New York had given him a book that had been sent to him by ABDARAKMAN AZAM (phonetic). The name of the book is “The Eternal Message of Muhammad.” “So [MALCOLM] called his son and after reaching his son, his son came to the place where he was and used his authority to get him released, get [his] passport. He took him to his home where he met AZAM PARSHA (phonetic), and he gave him his suite at the Jedda Palace Hotel and the next morning he was visited by the son of Prince FAISAL (phonetic), MUHAMMAD FAISAL (phonetic). He informed him that he was to be a state guest so that the remaining twelve days that he was in Arabia, he was a guest of the state. They gave him a car—they placed a car at his disposal, gave him a guide—a mualam (phonetic), and a chauffeur and made it possible, after going before the highest committee of the court, for him to travel back and forth between Mecca and Jedda and Medina almost at will. He was given the highest honor and respect and hospitality that a visitor could receive anywhere.

On [BUREAU DELETION] 1964, [BUREAU DELETION] furnished a copy of a letter written by MALCOLM X from Jedda, Saudi Arabia, dated April 20, 1964, which stated that during his pilgrimage to Mecca, he observed many white persons who displayed the spirit of unity and brotherhood that he did not believe could ever have existed based on his previous American experience. He stated that America needs to understand Islam because it is the one religion that erases the race problem from society. He also stated that if whites and non-whites would accept Islam they would become changed people since it removes racism, and all members thus automatically accept each other as brothers and sisters. He went on in the letter to state “you may be shocked at these words coming from me” and he added that his pilgrimage has taught him that if Islam can replace the spirit of true brotherhood in the hearts of whites he has met there, it can also remove the “cancer of racism” from the heart of white America.

Travel to Africa from July 9,
1964 to November 14, 1964

On July 6, 1964, MALCOLM X, using the name HAJJ MALIK EL SHABAZZ with passport number C294275, purchased a one-way ticket to Cairo, Egypt via London, England. He was scheduled to depart from JFK International Airport, New York, on July 9, 1964, aboard Trans World Airlines (TWA) (light 700, due to arrive in London, England, 7:30 A.M., July 10, 1964. He was scheduled to depart London, England, 3:30 P.M., July 11, 1964, aboard United Arab Airlines, flight 790 to Cairo, Egypt. MALCOLM failed to make return reservations or airline bookings when he arrived in Cairo for his return trip to the United States.

At Cairo, Egypt

The New York Times, dated July 14, 1964, captioned “Malcolm X in Cairo Says He’ll See African Leaders.” This article, datelined Cairo, July 13, states:

Malcolm X the black nationalist leader said today that he had come to attend a meeting of the council of ministers of the Organization of African Unity as an observer. He arrived yesterday.

He said he intended to acquaint African heads of state “with the true plight of America’s Negroes and thus show them how our situation is as much a violation of the United Nations human rights charter as the situation in Africa and Mongolia.

The New York Journal American, dated August 5, 1964, contained an article captioned “Malcolm X and the Red Chinese” written by VICTOR RIESEL. This article, datelined Cairo, stated that:

Malcolm X, whom the Chinese Communists call the “chairman of the Afro-American unity organization,” spent a considerable amount of his time in the presence of international Communist propagandists here.

Not only did he endorse the rioting back home, but he publicly called for retaliation against the white community. He said the time had come to meet “violence with violence; an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth.”

He prepared a series of inflammatory anti-U.S. documents here on the pretext of presenting them to the recent meeting of the Organization of African Unity, and it was reported across the world that he attended the conference. This is nonsense. He did not get near the parley. He was not accredited to it.

Malcolm X was not at any of the conference sessions. I was informed that it “is ridiculous” and “undignified” to think for a moment that anyone such as Malcolm X would be heard by the African counterpart of the Organization of American States.

Malcolm X’s activity here was strictly a propaganda operation which he set up at the Hotel Semiramis, where some newsmen gathered. He made certain that his violent anti-U.S. diatribes were put in the hands of the Chinese Communist correspondents planted here by the New China News Agency.

But when Malcolm X wanted to be with his pro-Communist friends he came over to the Hotel Omar Khayam, a former palace. I vouch for this personally, I was there when he met Mrs. Shirley Graham DuBois, widow of the late Dr. W. E. DuBois, in the lobby. When the aged Dr. DuBois died recently, he was a member of the Communist Party, U.S.A. and had switched his citizenship to Ghana.

Hotel Omar Khayam was also the headquarters of the violently anti-U.S., pro-Communist Ghanaian delegation to the African States’ conference. On Thursday, July 16, Maicolm X and his frequent companion, Mrs. DuBois, met for hours in the garden restaurant of the hotel.

Mrs. DuBois and her late husband spent much time in Peking. They were frequent guests of Mao-Tse-tung. Dr. DuBois delivered many anti-U.S. speeches which were broadcast across the world by the powerful Chinese mainland radio.

Mrs. DuBois has long been active in world Communist circles. Her background is important here to show the strange inter-weaving of characters now attempting to infiltrate and agitate the Negro communities of the U.S.

Mrs. DuBois knew the Castro brothers, Fidel and Raoul, in Mexico as far back as the late ‘40s. She is now associated with the pro-Communist Freedomways, a publication allegedly devoted to the Negroes.

In the past few years she has been a prolific writer in defense of the pro-Communist dictatorial state of Ghana.

Intelligence agents of several countries now are eager to learn just how Black Nationalist leader Malcolm X made contact with such Communist activists as Mrs. DuBois. Of considerable interest is the source of Malcolm X’s funds now that the Muslims under Elijah Muhammad have declared war on him.

Malcolm X has been making expensive and extensive trips across Africa. I ran into his trail in several cities—especially in Ibadan, Nigeria, where he delivered speeches so anti-U.S., so incendiary, that they could be printed only on asbestos.

It is also being noticed that the Chinese Communist broadcasts have been featuring him and his splinter sect.

Why?

At Ibadan, Nigeria

The New York Journal American, dated July 25, 1964, contained an article written by VICTOR REISEL, captioned “Malcolm X Gives Africa Twisted Look.” This article, datelined Ibadan, Nigeria, states:

I’m a long way from Harlem but not very far from Malcolm X and his Moslem Mosque, Inc. The effect of what he told university students in this city still reverberates in this land of 40 million people—good people, friendly people— eager to reach across the sea to us. But many of the young men and women in this town now shudder when they think of us—for Malcolm X was here, brutalizing us, charging us with being a vast national torture chamber.

He so aroused students at the Ibadan University during a lecture here that they threw a university staff member off the platform when the latter attempted to defend the U.S.

The least of what Malcolm shouted here was an ultimatum to the whites in America that they soon must face violence from his forces back home.

He literally screamed that the whites had made the American Negroes “drunkards and trained (them) to be hardened criminals, as the result of which American Negroes think of themselves as no more than above wild animals.”

Knowing full well the hatred of the African for the African government of the Union of South Africa, Malcolm X then screamed: “Racial discrimination in the U.S. is worse than apartheid in South Africa.”

Then he endangered the lives of many American youngsters of all races who are now teaching Africans in the veld, in the bush and in the Kraals and villages how to string electric lights, build schools, put in windows, and read their native language. Malcolm X did this by charging:

The U.S. Peace Corps members are all espionage agents and have a special assignment to perform. They are spies of the American government, missionaries of colonialism and neo-colonialism.

From here he went to Winneba, Ghana, where he addressed the students at the Kwame Nkrumah Ideological Institute, which is pro-Communist and where they hate us, anyway. There he said to hundreds of students that “the only language the whites understand is force and nothing else.” He was cheered.

In other cities he got tougher. A cause is a cause, but trying to start an international racial war gets to be mighty dangerous.

The New York Times, dated August 13, 1964, contained an article captioned, “Malcolm X Seeks UN Negro Debate—He Asks African States to Cite United States Over Rights.” This article, datelined Washington, August 12, states:

The State Department and the Justice Department have begun to take an interest in Malcolm X’s campaign to convince African states to raise the question of persecution of American Negroes at the United Nations.

The Black Nationalist leader started his campaign July 17 in Cairo, where the 33 heads of independent African states held their second meeting since the Organization of African Unity was founded in Addis Ababa 14 months ago. . . .

Malcolm also warned the heads of the African states that their countries would have no future unless the American Negro problem was solved. He said:

Your problems will never be fully solved until and unless ours are solved. You will never be fully respected until and unless we are also respected. You will never be recognized as free human beings until and unless we are also recognized and treated as human beings.

Asserting that the Negro problem is not one of civil rights but of human rights, Malcolm said:

If United States Supreme Court Justice Arthur Goldberg a few weeks ago, could find legal grounds to threaten to bring Russia before the United Nations and charge her with violating the human rights of less than three million Russian Jews—what makes our African brothers hesitate to bring the United States Government before the United Nations and charge her with violating the human rights of 22 million African-Americans?

We pray that our African brothers have not freed themselves of European colonialism only to be overcome and held in check by American dollarism. Don’t let American racism be “legalized” by American dollarism.

Malcolm argued that “if South African racism is not a domestic issue, then American racism also is not a domestic issue.”

The Black Nationalist, who quit the Chicago-based Black Muslim movement led by Elijah Muhammad to form his non-sectarian Organization of Afro-American Unity, said it was the intention of his group in coalition with other Negro groups “to elevate our freedom struggle above the domestic level of civil rights.”

At Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

[BUREAU DELETION] advised on 10/6/64 that on 10/3/64 MALCOLM X, during a three day visit to Addis Ababa, addressed the open student assembly of the university college at the invitation of the University College Student Union. There was an estimated audience of five hundred to six hundred persons consisting primarily of Ethiopian students and others consisting of faculty members and outside visitors.

After a flattering and enthusiastic introduction by a student leader (“known throughout Africa as a man standing for principle, truth and justice”) Malcolm X presented a rather surprisingly low-keyed lecture which stressed two major purposes of his safari in Africa: 1) to remain away from the U.S. until after the election in order to avoid making the decision as to whether he (and presumably American Negroes in general) would be devoured by “a fox or a wolf”; and 2) to attempt to persuade the independent African nations to haul the U.S. before the UN on charges of being “unable or unwilling” to give the American Negro his civil rights.

Malcolm X’s speech employed clever distortions of truth to lead to distorted conclusions—e.g., when World War II started, the U.S. was not taking Negroes into the army or navy for fear they would learn to use weapons against whites. The tone of the speech reflected Malcolm’s assertion at the beginning that he had just concluded two months of “quiet rearrangement” of his “thinking” in Cairo. He was not nearly so emotional as he sometimes has been in the past, nor did he lay himself open to traps as often as he is sometimes prone to do.

The audience response was good, with several interruptions for applause, particularly during his attacks on the United States’ effort in Africa.

Following Malcolm’s speech the student moderator felt compelled to note that of course African students don’t believe that United States aid comes “out of human kindness.” The four questions from the audience were rather bland, but did permit Malcolm to develop the theme that while Goldwater was a rather open racist, Johnson (“the fox”) was more subtle, but that the latter’s record during thirty years in Congress was also that of a racist. In discussing the coming election, he stated that the American people don’t govern, that southern-dominated congressional committees control under the seniority system and it is they “who send military equipment to Tshombe.”

In answering the final question, he emphasized the relative unity between himself and such leaders as Martin Luther King, saying that their differences were primarily differences of method rather than goals. “The main difference is that he doesn’t mind being beat up and I do.”

[BUREAU DELETION] advised on 10/19/64 that the local press in Nairobi (not further identified) reported that MALCOLM X flew from Dar-es-Salaam to Kenya with African leaders KENYATTA and OBOTE on October 18, 1964. MALCOLM is quoted as saying that Americans will never voluntarily give American Negroes freedom until forced to and that as ministers they (Negroes) do not have the forces. According to MALCOLM, Africa has the key to the Negro problem solution and will determine the degrees of freedom because the African leaders hold the strategic power balance in world affairs. He said that part of his mission to Africa was to make (African) leaders aware of their position of power. He stated that American aid was not a favor to Africa because Africa contributed human flesh to the American economy. MALCOLM further stated that he was surprised at the support which African leaders have for the American Negro cause. According to MALCOLM they had all showed him unlimited concern and sympathy.

MALCOLM X left Addis Ababa on October 19, 1964.

At Lagos, Nigeria

[BUREAU DELETION] advised on 11/6/64 that MALCOLM X visited Lagos for the second time on October 29, 1964. He previously visited Lagos in May, 1964.

On his arrival on October 29, 1964, he held a press conference. MALCOLM X was quoted as saying that he was “touring Africa to better acquaint himself with the problems facing the continent so that he could tell his people at home about these problems, factually and in detail.” MALCOLM X said that “one of the greatest problems facing Africa was internal squabbling” and continued, “in East Africa it is the Africans against the Asians, and in West Africa, it is the Moslem against Christians and all these are fed by outside force.”

At Conakry, French West Africa

[BUREAU DELETION] advised on 11/14/64 that MALCOLM X left Conakry by plane on November 13, 1964. He was “GOG Guest” and carried a visitor’s visa. He visited the hospital ship “SS Hope” twice accompanied by a GOG interpreter and took pictures. He was enthusiastic about “Project Hope,” saying “it was the best United States project he had seen in Africa and especially commended integration aboard ship.”

Return to United States from African Tour on 11/24/64:

[BUREAU DELETION] New York City, advised on November 24, 1964, that passenger manifest list of TWA flight 801, Paris, France, contained the name “SHABAZZ.” This flight was scheduled to arrive at JFK International Airport, 6:00 P.M., November 24, 1964.

Special Agents of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) observed MALCOLM X arriving JFK International Airport via TWA flight 801 from Paris, France, at 6:41 P.M., November 24, 1964.

At London, England, November 30
1964 to December 6, 1964

On November 27, 1964, [BUREAU DELETION] British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC), New York City, advised that MALCOLM LITTLE was scheduled to leave New York City via BOAC from JFK International Airport and to arrive in London, England, December 1, 1964. He further stated that MALCOLM LITTLE planned to return to the United States on December 6, 1964 [BUREAU DELETION].

At a reception for MALCOLM X held on November 29, 1964, sponsored by the OAAU, he remarked that he was traveling to London, England, on November 30, 1964, and would debate at Oxford University on December 1, 1964.

[BUREAU DELETION]

MISCELLANEOUS

On September 4, 1964, [BUREAU DELETION] Rome, New York, furnished the following information to SA [BUREAU DELETION].

[BUREAU DELETION] stated that on September 1, 1964, he visited the office of ALEXANDER PALMER HALEY, a Negro writer and newspaper correspondent at 414 West Dominick Street, Rome, New York, on an official matter. According to [BUREAU DELETION] HALEY advised he had just completed a book he had written concerning MALCOLM X LITTLE. [BUREAU DELETION] HALEY indicated he had been in contact with MALCOLM X on more than one occasion in regard to this writing, and that he, HALEY, and MALCOLM are to share in the royalties expected from this book.

OPINION OF THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE
A. Re MALCOLM X

By letter dated September 2, 1964, J. WALTER YEAGLEY, Assistant Attorney General, Internal Security Division, Department of Justice, advised that MALCOLM K. LITTLE aka MALCOLM X, in the course of his recent tour of the Middle East and African countries, has reportedly been in communication and contact with heads of foreign governments urging that they take the issue of “racialism” in America before the United Nations as a threat to world peace.

Mr. YEAGLEY indicated that since such activities could conceivably fall within the provisions of the Logan Act, and are moreover deemed to be inimical to the best interests of our country and prejudicial to our foreign policy, the Department of Justice requested the Secretary of State to make appropriate inquiries of our embassies in the Middle East and Africa for any pertinent information concerning MALCOLM X’s alleged contacts and communications with heads of foreign governments.

Mr. YEAGLEY expressed concern over the fact that MALCOLM X’s activities abroad indicate a possible violation of the Logan Act.

B. Re MMI

By letter dated September 28, 1964, Mr. YEAGLEY advised that if evidence is available which will establish the MMI has been or is receiving funds from any Arab or African government, or is acting at the order, request or under the direction of the foreign government, it may be obligated to register under the Foreign Agents Registration Act.