THE BORGIAS
They burst out of obscurity in Spain not only to capture the great prize of the papacy, but to do so twice. Throughout a tumultuous half-century—as popes, statesmen, warriors, lovers, and breathtakingly ambitious political adventurers—they held center stage in the glorious and blood-drenched pageant known to us as the Italian Renaissance, standing at the epicenter of the power games in which Europe’s kings and Italy’s warlords gambled for life-and-death stakes.
Five centuries after their fall—a fall even more sudden than their rise to the heights of power—they remain immutable symbols of the depths to which humanity can descend: Rodrigo Borgia, who bought the papal crown and prostituted the Roman Church; Cesare Borgia, who became first a teenage cardinal and then the most treacherous cutthroat of a violent time; Lucrezia Borgia, who was as shockingly immoral as she was beautiful. These have long been stock figures in the dark chronicle of European villainy, their name synonymous with unspeakable evil.
But did these Borgias of legend actually exist? Grounding his narrative in exhaustive research and drawing from rarely examined key sources, Meyer brings fascinating new insight to the real people within the age-encrusted myth. Equally illuminating is the light he shines on the brilliant circles in which the Borgias moved and the thrilling era they helped to shape, a time of wars and political convulsions that reverberate to the present day, when Western civilization simultaneously wallowed in appalling brutality and soared to extraordinary heights.
The Borgia Problem: An Introduction
Prologue: One Whom All Did Fear
Chapter 1: A Most Improbable Pope - Background: The Road to Rome
Chapter 2: Surprises, Disappointments, Hope - Background: Il Regno—The Kingdom
Chapter 3: Pope and King, Friends No More - Background: Amazing Italy
Chapter 4: Family Matters - Background: The Men in the Red Hats
Chapter 5: The End of the Beginning
Chapter 6: Surviving - Background: The Eternal City, Eternally Reborn
Chapter 7: Pius II: Troubles Rumored and Real - Background: Il Papa
Chapter 8: Paul II: The Poisoned Chalice - Background: The Inextinguishable Evil-Heads
Chapter 9: Sixtus IV: Disturbing the Peace - Background: War, Italian Style
Chapter 10: Innocent VIII: Plumbing the Depths
Chapter 11: The Best Man for the Job - Background: Madness and Milan
Chapter 12: The Coming of the French - Background: Florence: An Anti-Renaissance
Chapter 13: The French Depart - Background: The Paternity Question: An “Apology”
Chapter 14: A Shattering Loss - Background: The Young Ones
Chapter 16: The Landscape Changes - Background: Venice, Serene No More
Chapter 17: Conqueror - Background: The Angel’s Castle
Chapter 18: “Longing for Greatness and Renown” - Background: The Newest Profession
Chapter 19: Settling Scores - Background: The Great Discoveries
Chapter 20: Man of Destiny - Background: Superstitions: Another Side of the Renaissance
About the Character of Alexander VI