1. Interviews
Howard Abadinsky, Allan Ackerman, Steve Allen, Vincent “Jimmy Blue Eyes” Alo, Jack Anderson, Senator Frank Annunzio, Senator Howard Baker, Ed Becker, August Bequai, Sam Betar, John Binder, Charles Bluth, William Brashler, Ernest (Humphreys) Brendle, David Bushong, Michael Cain, Anna Chennault, Jim Ciatloa, Jack Clarke, Miles Cooperman, James Deakin, John DeCarlo, Cartha DeLoach, C. Douglas Dillon, James Dowd, Morton Downey, Jr., Julius Lucius Echeles, Lou Farina, Clark Fettridge, Brenda Gage, Antoinette Giancana, Jerry Gladden, Joey Glimco, Jr., Andrew Good-pasture, Harry Hall, Betsy Duncan Hammes, Senator Gary Hart, Clara Grace Harvey, David Helfrey, Maury Hughes, Jr., Robert Hughes, Jeanne Humphreys, William Hundley, Wayne Johnson, “Ruth Jones,” Constantine “Gus” Kangles, Tom King, Irwin Klass, Herb Klein, Boris Kostelanetz, Ed Kovacic, Joe Langford, Teddy (Mrs. Meyer) Lansky, Michael Lavelle, Jack Lavin, Honorable George N. Leighton, Howard Liebengood, Richard Lindberg, Joe Longmeyer, Mike Madigan, Sherman Magidson, Robert Maheu, Richard Mahoney, Honorable Abraham Lincoln Marovitz, Jake McCarthy, Robert McDonnell, Walter Metzer, Dan Moldea, Roger Morris, George Murray II, Bernard Neistein, Dave Nissen, Ben Novak, John O’Brien, Madeline Foy O’Donnell, Wayne Ogle, Patrick O’Malley, Jimmy O’Neill, Bill Ouseley, Irwin Owens, Sharon Patrick, Art Petaque, Marty Philpott, Nick Pileggi, Andy Postal, Frank Ragano, Oliver “Buck” Revell, William Roemer, Douglas Roller, Frank “Lefty” Rosenthal, Joseph P. Santoiana, David Schippers, Joe Shimon, Toni Shimon, Sandy Smith, Thomas Sobek, Brownie (Mrs. Billy Wilkerson) Stewart, Governor William Stratton, Jim Strong, J. Randy Taraborrelli, Jay Tischendorf, John W. Touhy, Red Tracton, Walter Trohan, Bethel Van Tassel, Santo Volpe, Carl Walsh, Royston Webb, Vern E. Whaley, Will Wilson.
My sincere thanks to all the above, as well as to those who preferred to remain on background or go unnamed - and profound apologies to anyone I’ve overlooked.
2. FBI Files
A number of FBI files were obtained, some by new Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) requests, others from the FBI reading room in Washington, the FBI Electronic Reading Room on the Web, and the National Archives II in College Park, Maryland. Those file subjects include Anthony Accardo, Al Capone, Moe Dalitz, Paul De Lucia, Sam Giancana, the Bobby Greenlease kidnapping, Murray Humphreys, Estes Kefauver, John F. Kennedy, Joseph P. Kennedy, Sidney Korshak, the assassination attempt on Franklin Roosevelt, Johnny Rosselli, Benjamin Siegel, and Frank Sinatra. In addition, the FBI’s report on the parole scandal was located by the Department of Justice and made available.
3. Government Reports
Federal Communications Commission Report on the Telegraph Industry; December 1939.
Committee on Expenditures in Executive Departments (House); 80th Congress, 2nd session; 1948; report and hearings (”Parole Investigation”).
Subcommittee of the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce (Senate); 81st Congress, 2nd session; May 1950; “Transmission of Gambling Information” (race wire) (”McFarland”).
Hearings Before the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce (House), regarding proposed legislation to prohibit interstate sale of gambling machines (slots, etc.); 81st Congress, 2nd Session; June 1950.
Special Committee to Investigate Organized Crime in Interstate Commerce (Senate); 81st and 82nd Congress; 1951; reports, hearings, and working papers (”Kefauver”).
The Report and Hearings of the Select Committee on Improper Activities in the Labor and Management Field (Senate); 86th Congress, 2nd Session; June 1960; reports, hearings, and working papers (”McClellan”).
Report of the Inspector General of the Central Intelligence Agency; May 23, 1967; “The Plots to Assassinate Fidel Castro.”
Interim Report of the Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Agencies (Senate); 94th Congress, 1st Session; November 20, 1975; reports, hearings, and working papers (”Church”).
Report of the Select Committee on Assassinations (House); 1979; also twelve volumes of hearings, and working papers.
The President’s Commission on Organized Crime; June 24-26, 1985; “Organized Crime and Gambling.”
Parole Board and Bureau of Prisons records at the National Archives at College Park, Maryland.
The Papers of Representative Fred E. Busbey in the Special Collections holdings of the Robert Manning Strozier Library at Florida State University at Tallahassee.
4. Court Filings and Transcripts
U.S. v. Schenck & Moscowitz (Federal Court, Southern District, New York).
U.S. v. Campagna et al. (Federal Court, Southern District, New York). - Both supplied by Boris Kostelanetz.
Hoffman v. United States (4/25/51) (U.S. Supreme Court).
U.S. v. Aiuppa (217152) (Northern District Court).
Aiuppa v. United States (12/11/52) (Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals).
Papers of the Brooklyn, New York, District Attorney’s Office, especially the “Murder, Inc.” files stored at the New York Archives.
State of Illinois v. Sam Jantelezio, Michael Campobasso, and Michael Gibellina (March 1962); re voting fraud in the 1960 election.
U.S. v. William A. Hanhardt et al. (October 2000) (Northern District of Illinois); re jewelry theft ring.
5. Books
Abadinsky, Howard. Organized Crime. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1981.
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——— Organized Crime in America. 2nd ed. Cincinnati: Anderson Publishing Co., 1989.
Albini, Joseph L. The American Mafia: Genesis of a Legend. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts Educational Division, Meredith Corporation, 1971.
Allen, Steve. Hi-Ho, Steverino! My Adventures in the Wonderful Wacky World of TV. Fort Lee: Barricade Books, 1992.
———. Mark It and Strike It. New York: Bartholomew House, 1960.
———. Ripoff: The Corruption That Plagues America. Secaucus: Lyle Stuart, 1979.
Anderson, Jack, and Fred Blumenthal. The Kefauver Story. New York: Dial Press, 1956.
Andrews, Robert Hardy. A Corner of Chicago. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1963.
Arnaz, Desi. A Book. New York: Buccaneer Books, 1976.
Asbury, Herbert. Gem of the Prairie: An Informal History of the Chicago Underground. New York and London: Alfred A. Knopf, 1940.
Bahrenburg, Bruce. The Creation of Dino De Laurentiis’ King Kong. New York: Pocket Books, 1976.
Baker, Bobby. Wheeling and Dealing. New York: W. W. Norton and Company, 1978.
Balboni, Alan. Beyond the Mafia: Italian Americans and the Development of Las Vegas. Reno: University of Nevada Press, 1996.
Balsamo, William, and George Carpozi, Jr. Crime Incorporated: The Inside Story of the Mafia’s First 100 Years. Far Hills: New Horizon Press, 1991.
Barkley, Alben. That Reminds Me. Garden City: Doubleday, 1954.
Barth, Alan. Government by Investigation. New York: Viking Press, 1955.
Behr, Edward. Prohibition: Thirteen Years That Changed America. New York: Arcade Publishing, 1996.
Bequai, August. Organized Crime: The Fifth Estate. Lexington: Lexington Books, 1979.
Bergreen, Laurence. Capone: The Man and the Era. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1994.
Berman, Susan. Easy Street. New York: Dial Press, 1981.
Blakey, G. Robert, and Richard N. Billings. The Plot to Kill the President: Organized Crime Assassinated J.F.K.: The Definite Story. New York: Times Books, 1981.
Bonanno, Bill. Bound by Honor: A Mafioso’s Story. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1999.
Bonanno, Joseph, with Sergio Lalli. A Man of Honor: The Autobiography of Joseph Bonanno. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1983.
Bonanno, Rosalie, with Beverly Donofrio. Mafia Marriage: My Story. New York: William Morrow and Company, 1990.
Brandeis, Louis. Other People’s Money and How the Bankers Use It. Fairfield, N.J.: A. M. Kelley, 1986.
Brashler, William. The Don: The Life and Death of Sam Giancana. New York: Ballantine Books, 1977.
Brill, Steven. The Teamsters. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1978.
Brownstein, Ronald. The Power and the Glitter: The Hollywood-Washington Connection. New York: Pantheon Books, 1990.
Bunch, William. Jukebox America: Down Back Streets and Blue Highways in Search of the Country’s Greatest Jukebox. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1994.
Campbell, Rodney. The Luciano Project: The Secret Wartime Collaboration of the Mafia and the U.S. Navy. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1977.
Caro, Robert A. The Power Broker: Robert Moses and the Fall of New York. New York: Knopf, 1974.
Carse, Robert. Rum Row. New York and Toronto: Rhinehart and Co., 1959.
Chambliss, William, J. On the Take: From Petty Crooks to Presidents. Bloomington and London: Indiana University Press, 1978.
Ciccone, F. Richard. Daley: Power and Presidential Politics. Chicago: Contemporary Books, 1996.
Clarke, Thurston, and John J. Tigue, Jr. Dirty Money: Swiss Banks, the Mafia, Money Laundering and White Collar Crime. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1975.
Clifford, Clark, with Richard Holbrooke. Counsel to the President. New York: Random House, 1991.
Cohen, Adam, and Elizabeth Taylor. American Pharaoh: Mayor Richard J. Daley: His Battle for Chicago and the Nation. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 2000.
Cohen, Rich. Tough Jews. New York: Vintage Books, 1999.
Collier, Peter, and David Horowitz. The Kennedys: An American Drama. New York: Warner Books, 1984.
Collins, Gail. Scorpion Tongues: Gossip, Celebrity, and American Politics. New York: William Morrow and Company, 1998.
Conklin, John E., ed. The Crime Establishment: Organized Crime and American Society. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1973.
Conrad, Harold. Dear Muffo: 35 Years in the Fast Lane. New York: Stein and Day Publishing, 1982.
Cowan, Geoffrey. The People Versus Clarence Darrow: The Bribery Trial of America’s Greatest Lawyer. New York: Times Books, 1993.
Davis, John H. The Kennedys. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1984.
———. Mafia Kingfish Carlos Marcello and the Assassination of John F. Kennedy. New York: Signet, 1989.
Davis, Kenneth S. FDR: The New Deal Years, 1933-1937: A History. New York: Random House, 1986.
Deakin, James. A Grave for Bobby: The Greenlease Slaying. New York: William Morrow and Company, 1990.
———. Straight Stuff: The Reporters, the White House, and the Truth. New York: William Morrow and Company, 1984.
Demaris, Ovid. The Boardwalk Jungle. New York: Bantam Books, 1986.
———. Captive City: Chicago in Chains. New York: Lyle Stuart, 1969.
———. Judith Exner: My Story. New York: Grove Press, 1977.
———. The Last Mafioso: “Jimmy the Weasel” Fratianno. New York: Bantam Books, 1981.
Denton, Sally, and Roger Morris. The Money and the Power: The Making of Las Vegas and Its Hold on America, 1947-2000. New York: Knopf, 2001.
Doleschal, Eugene, Anne Newton, and William Hickey. A Guide to the Literature on Organized Crime: An Annotated Bibliography Covering the Years 1967-81. Hackensack: National Council on Crime and Delinquency, 1981.
Dorman, Michael. Payoff. New York: Berkley Medallion Books, 1972.
Dorsett, Lyle W. The Pendergast Machine. Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press, 1968.
Drosin, Michael. Citizen Hughes. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1985.
Dunar, Andrew J. The Truman Scandals and the Politics of Morality. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1984.
Edmonds, Andy. Bugsy’s Baby: The Secret Life of Mob Queen Virginia Hill. New York: Carol Publishing Group, 1993.
———. Hot Toddy: The True Story of Hollywood’s Most Sensational Murder. New York: William Morrow and Company, 1989.
Eitzen, D. Stanley, and Maxine Baca-Zinn. Social Problems. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1986.
Evanier, David. Making the Wise Guys Weep: The Jimmy Roselli Story. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1998.
Evans, Robert. The Kid Stays in the Picture. New York: Hyperion, 1994.
Farrell, Ronald A., and Carol Case. The Black Book and the Mob: The Untold Story of the Control of Nevada’s Casinos. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1995.
Ferrell, Robert H. Truman and Pendergast. Columbia and London: University of Missouri Press, 1999.
Fetridge, William Harrison. With Warm Regards: A Reminiscence. Chicago: Dartnell, 1976.
Fido, Martin. The Chronicle of Crime: The Infamous Felons of Modern History and Their Hideous Crimes. New York: Carroll & Graf Publishers, 1993.
Fleming, Dan B., Jr. Kennedy vs. Humphrey, West Virginia, 1960: The Pivotal Battle for the Democratic Presidential Nomination. Jefferson: McFarland, 1992.
Fletcher, Connie. What Cops Know: Cops Talk About What They Do, How They Do It, and What It Does to Them. New York: Villiard Books, 1991.
Fontenay, Charles L. Estes Kefauver: A Biography. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1980.
Fox, Stephen. Blood and Power: Organized Crime in Twentieth-Century America. New York: Penguin Books, 1989.
Franco, Joseph (Joe), with Richard Hammer. Hoffa’s Man: The Rise and Fall of Jimmy Hoffa As Witnessed by His Strongest Arm. New York: Prentice Hall Press, 1987.
Fraser, Steven. Labor Will Rule: Sidney Hillman and the Rise of American Labor. New York: Free Press, 1993.
Freidel, Frank. Franklin D. Roosevelt: A Rendezvous with Destiny. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1990.
Fremon, David K. Chicago Politics Ward by Ward. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1988.
Fried, Albert. The Rise and Fall of the Jewish Gangster in America. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1980.
Friedman, Allen, and Ted Schwarz. Power and Greed: Inside the Teamsters Empire of Corruption. New York: Franklin Watts, 1989.
Gabler, Edwin, The American Telegrapher: A Social History, 1860-1900. New Brunswick and London: Rutgers University Press, 1988.
Gage, Nicholas. Mafia, USA. Chicago: Playboy Press, 1972.
Gambino, Richard. Vendetta: A True Story of the Worst Lynching in America, the Mass Murder of Italian-Americans in New Orleans in 1891, the Vicious Motivations Behind It, and the Tragic Repercussions That Linger to This Day. Garden City: Doubleday &c Company, 1977.
Geis, Gilbert, and Robert F. Meier. White-Collar Crime: Offenses in Business, Politics, and the Professions. New York: Free Press, 1977.
Gentry, Curt. J. Edgar Hoover: The Man and the Secrets. New York: Penguin Books, 1991.
Giancana, Antoinette, and Thomas C. Renner. Mafia Princess: Growing Up in Sam Giancana’s Family. New York: Avon Books, 1984.
Giancana, Sam, and Chuck Giancana. Double Cross: The Explosive, Inside Story of the Mobster Who Controlled America. New York: Warner Books, 1992.
Goodwin, Doris Kearns. The Fitzgeralds and the Kennedys. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1987.
Gorer, Geoffrey. The American People: A Study in National Character. New York: W. W. Norton and Company, 1948.
Gosch, Martin A., and Richard Hammer. The Last Testament of Lucky Luciano. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1974.
Gottfried, Alex. Boss Cermak of Chicago: A Study of Political Leadership. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1962.
Gould, Jean. Sidney Hillman: Great American. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1952.
Granger, Bill, and Lori Granger. Lords of the Last Machine: The Story of Politics in Chicago. New York: Random House, 1987.
Grant, Robert, and Joseph Katz. The Great Trials of the Twenties: The Watershed Decade in America’s Courtrooms. Rockville Centre: Sarpedon, 1998.
Green, Paul M., ed. The Mayors: The Chicago Political Tradition. Carbondale and Edwardsville: Southern Illinois University Press, 1987.
Grose, Peter. Gentleman Spy: The Life of Allen Dulles. New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1994.
Halper, Albert, ed. The Chicago Crime Book. Cleveland and New York: World Publishing Company, 1967.
Hamby, Alonzo L. Man of the People: A Life of Harry S. Truman. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995.
Harris, Patricia. Adlai: The Springfield Years. Nashville and London: Aurora Publishers, 1975.
Hellerman, Michael, with Thomas C. Renner. Wall Street Swindler. Garden City: Doubleday & Company, 1977.
Herman, Robert D. Gamblers and Gambling: Motives, Institutions, and Controls. Lexington: Lexington Books, 1976.
Hersh, Seymour M. The Dark Side of Camelot. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1997.
Hinckle, Warren, and William Turner. Deadly Secrets: The CIA-Mafia War Against Castro and the Assassination of J.F.K. New York: Thunder’s Mouth Press, 1992.
Hoffa, James R., as told by Oscar Fraley. Hoffa: The Real Story. New York: Stein and Day Publishers, 1975.
Hoffman, Dennis E. Scarf ace Al and the Crime Crusaders: Chicago’s Private War Against Capone. Carbondale and Edwardsville: Southern Illinois University Press, 1993.
Holmes, Burnham. The American Heritage History of the Bill of Rights. Englewood Cliffs: Silver Burdett Press, 1991.
Hougan, Jim. Secret Agenda. New York: Ballantine Books, 1984.
———. Spooks: The Haunting of America: The Private Use of Secret Agents. New York: William Morrow and Company, 1978.
Ianni, Francis A. J., and Elizabeth Reuss-Ianni. The Crime Society: Organized Crime and Corruption in America. New York: New American Library, 1976.
James, Ralph C, and Estelle Dinerstein James. Hoffa and the Teamsters: A Study of Union Power. Princeton: D. Van Nostrand Company, 1965.
Jennings, Dean. We Only Kill Each Other: The Life and Bad Times of Bugsy Siegel. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1967.
Jennings, Francis. The Creation of America Through Revolution to Empire. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
Johnson, Curt, with R. Craig Sautter. Wicked City Chicago: From Kenna to Capone. Highland Park: December Press, 1994.
Josephson, Matthew. Sidney Hillman: Statesman of American Labor. Garden City: Doubleday & Company, 1952.
Kallina, Edmund F., Jr. Courthouse over White House: Chicago and the Presidential Election of 1960. Orlando: University of Central Florida Press, 1988.
Katz, Leonard. Uncle Frank: The Biography of Frank Costello. New York: Drake Publishers, 1973.
Kelley, Kitty. His Way: The Unauthorized Biography of Frank Sinatra. New York: Bantam Books, 1986.
Kelly, Robert J., ed. Organized Crime: A Global Perspective. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 1986.
Kennedy, Robert F. The Enemy Within. New York: Popular Library, 1960.
Kessler, Ronald. The Sins of the Father: Joseph P. Kennedy and the Dynasty He Founded. New York: Warner Books, 1996.
Killian, Michael, Connie Fletcher, and F. Richard Ciccone. Who Runs Chicago} New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1979.
King, Rufus. Gambling and Organized Crime. Washington, D.C: Public Affairs Press, 1969.
Kleinknecht, William. The New Ethnic Mobs: The Changing Face of Organized Crime in America. New York: Free Press, 1996.
Knoedelseder, William. Stiffed: A True Story of MCA, the Music Business and the Mafia. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 1993.
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Larsen, Lawrence H., and Nancy J. Hulston. Pendergast! Columbia and London: University of Missouri Press, 1997.
Lasky, Victor. J.F.K.: The Man and the Myth. New York: Macmillan Company, 1963.
Lawford, Patricia Seaton, with Ted Schwarz. The Peter Lawford Story: Life with the Kennedys, Monroe, and the Rat Pack. New York: Carroll & Graf Publishers, 1988.
Lawrence, Carol. Carol Lawrence: The Backstage Story. New York: McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, 1990.
Lindberg, Kirsten, Joseph Petrenko, Jerry Gladden, and Wayne A. Johnson. The New Faces of Organized Crime. Chicago: Chicago Crime Commission, 1997.
Lindberg, Richard. To Serve and Collect: Chicago Politics and Police Corruption from the Lager Beer Riot to the Summerdale Scandal. New York: Praeger, 1991.
Longstreet, Stephen. Chicago: An Intimate Portrait of People, Pleasures, and Power: 1860-1919. New York: David McKay Company, 1973.
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Maheu, Robert, and Richard Hack. Next to Hughes: Behind the Power and Tragic Downfall of Howard Hughes by His Closest Advisor. HarperCollins Publishers, 1992.
Mahoney, Richard D. Sons & Brothers: The Days of Jack and Bobby Kennedy. New York: Arcade Publishing, 1999.
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——— and Stephen Hess, President Nixon: A Political Portrait. London: McDonald, 1968.
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McClellan, John L. Crime Without Punishment. New York: Duell, Sloan and Pearce, 1962.
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———. The Hoffa Wars: Teamsters, Rebels, Politicians and the Mob. New York: Paddington Press Ltd., 1978.
———. Interference: How Organized Crime Influences Professional Football. New York: William Morrow and Company, 1989.
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Peterson, Virgil W. Barbarians in Our Midst: A History of Chicago Crime and Politics. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1952.
———. The Juke Box Racket. Chicago: Chicago Crime Commission, September 1954.
Petro, Sylvester. Power Unlimited: The Corruption of Union Leadership. New York: Ronald Press Company, 1979.
Pileggi, Nicholas. Casino. New York: Pocket Star Books, 1995.
Poague, Leland A. Howard Hawks. Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1982.
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Rappleye, Charles, and Ed Becker. All American Mafioso: The Johnny Rosselli Story. New York: Doubleday, 1991.
Rattray, Everett T. The South Fork: The Land and the People of Eastern Long Island. New York: Random House, 1979.
Rattray, Jeannette Edwards. Rum-Running Tales from the East End. Privately published, 1963.
Reid, Ed, and Ovid Demaris. The Green Felt Jungle. New York: Trident Press, 1963.
———. The Grim Reapers: The Anatomy of Organized Crime in America, City by City. New7 York: Bantam Books, 1969.
Reiman, Jeffrey H. The Rich Get Richer and the Poor Get Prison: Ideology, Class, and Criminal Justice. New York: Wiley, 1979.
Robb, Peter. Midnight in Sicily: On Art, Food, History, Travel, and La Cosa Nostra. Boston: Faber and Faber, 1998.
Roemer, William F., Jr. Accardo: The Genuine Godfather. New York: Ivy Books, 1995.
———. The Enforcer - Spilotro: The Chicago Mob’s Man over Las Vegas. New York: Ivy Books, 1994.
———. Roemer: Man Against the Mob. New York: Ivy Books, 1989.
———. War of the Godfathers. New York: Ivy Books, 1990.
Rosoff, Stephen M., Henry N. Pontell, and Robert Tillman. Profit Without Honor: White-Collar Crime and the Looting of America. Upper Saddle River: Prentice-Hall, 1998.
Rothman, Hal K. Devil’s Bargain: Tourism in the Twentieth-Century American West. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1998.
Rothmiller, Mike, and Ivan G. Goldman. L.A. Secret Police: Inside the LAPD Elite Spy Network. New York: Pocket Books, 1992.
Royko, Mike. Boss: Richard J. Daley of Chicago. New York: Signet, 1971.
Russo, Gus. Live by the Sword: The Secret War Against Castro and the Death of JFK. Baltimore: Bancroft Press, 1998.
Salerno, Ralph, and John S. Tompkins. The Crime Confederation: Cosa Nostra and Allied Operations in Organized Crime. Garden City: Doubleday & Company, 1969.
Sanders, Coyne Steven, and Tom Gilbert. Desilu: The Story of Lucille Ball and Desi Arnaz. New York: Quill William Morrow, 1993.
Sasuly, Richard. Bookies and Bettors: Two Hundred Years of Gambling. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1982.
Sawislak, Karen. Smoldering City. Chicagoans and the Great Fire, 1871-1874. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1995.
Schem, David E. Contract on America: The Mafia Murders of John and Robert Kennedy. Silver Spring: Argyle Press, 1983.
Schlesinger, Arthur M., Jr. Robert Kennedy and His Times. New York: Ballantine Books, 1978.
Schoenberg, Robert J. Mr. Capone. New York: William Morrow and Company, 1992.
Sebilleau, Pierre. Sicily. New York: Oxford University Press, 1968.
Sheridan, Walter. The Fall and Rise of Jimmy Hoffa. New York: Saturday Review Press, 1972.
Sinatra, Nancy. Frank Sinatra: An American Legend. Santa Monica: General Publishing Group, 1995.
———. Frank Sinatra, My Father. New York: Pocket Books, 1985.
Smith, Alson J. Syndicate City: The Chicago Crime Cartel and What to Do About It. Chicago: Henry Regnery Company, 1954.
Smith, Hedrick. The Power Game: How Washington Works. New York: Ballantine Books, 1988.
Smith, Sally Bedell. In All His Glory: The Life of William S. Paley: The Legendary Tycoon and His Brilliant Circle. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1990.
Soule, George. Sidney Hillman: Labor Statesman. Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America, 1939.
Spada, James. Peter Lawford: The Man Who Kept the Secrets. New York: Bantam Books, 1991.
Stone, Irving. Clarence Darrow for the Defense. New York: Doubleday, 1989.
Sullivan, Edward D. Rattling the Cup on Chicago Crime. New York: Vanguard, 1929.
Sullivan, William, with Bill Brown. The Bureau: My Thirty Years in Hoover’s FBI. New York: Pinnacle Books, 1979.
Summers, Anthony. The Arrogance of Power: The Secret World of Richard Nixon. New York: Viking, 2000.
———. Goddess: The Secret Lives of Marilyn Monroe. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company, 1985.
———. Official and Confidential: The Secret Life of J. Edgar Hoover. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1993.
Swados, Harvey. Standing Up for the People: The Life and Work of Estes Kefauver. New York: E. P. Dutton & Co., 1972.
Taraborrelli, J. Randy. Sinatra: Behind the Legend. Secaucus: Carol Publishing Group, 1997.
Teresa, Vincent, with Thomas C. Renner. My Life in the Mafia. Garden City: Doubleday & Company, 1973.
Terkel, Studs. Coming of Age. New York: New Press, 1995.
Theoharis, Athan, ed. From the Secret Files of J. Edgar Hoover. Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 1991.
Thomas, Evan. Robert Kennedy: His Life. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2000.
Thornton, Russell. American Indian Holocaust and Survival: A Population History Since 1492. Norman and London: University of Oklahoma Press, 1987.
Touhy, Roger, with Ray Brennan. The Stolen Years. Pennington Press, 1959.
Trohan, Walter. Political Animals: Memoirs of a Sentimental Cynic. Garden City: Doubleday & Company, 1975.
Truman, Margaret. Harry S. Truman. New York: Quill, 1972.
Tuohy, John W. When Capone’s Mob Murdered Roger Touhy. Ft. Lee: Barricade, 2001.
Turkus, Burton B. Murder, Inc.: The Story of the Syndicate. New York: Da Capo Press, 1992.
Turner, Wallace. Gambler’s Money: The New Force in American Life. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1965.
Van Tassel, Bethel Holmes. Wood Chips to Game Chips: Casinos and People at North Lake Tahoe. Reno: privately published, undated.
Walsh, George. Public Enemies: The Mayor, the Mob, and the Crime That Was. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1980.
Washington Post. The Presidential Transcripts. New York: Dell Publishing Co., 1974.
Watkins, T. H. Righteous Pilgrim: The Life and Times of Harold L. Ickes, 1874-1952. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1990.
Webb, Royston. “The Life and Times of Llewelyn Morris Humphreys.” Doctoral dissertation, 2000.
White, Theodore H. The Making of the President 1960. New York: Atheneum Publishers, 1961.
Willoughby, Malcolm F., Commander USCG (Rt.). Rum War at Sea. Washington, D.C: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1964.
Wilson, Earl. Sinatra: An Unauthorized Biography. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., 1976.
Zeller, F. C. Duke. Devil’s Pact: Inside the World of the Teamsters Union. Secaucus: Carol Publishing Group, 1996.
6. Articles
Allen, Robert S. “How Congress Scuttled Kefauver.” U.S. Crime, December 7, 1951.
Bartlett, Donald L., and James B. Steele. “Throwing the Game.” Time, September 25, 2000.
Bilek, Arthur J. “Hit Team for the St. Valentine’s Day Massacre.” Real Crime Book Digest, spring 1995.
——. “St. Valentine’s Day Massacre Chicago Rat-tat-a-tat.” Real Crime Book Digest, spring 1995.
“Bioff Show.” Newsweek, November 10, 1941.
Brashler, William. “How the FBI Put the Heat on Giancana.” Chicago, February 1977.
Candeloro, Dominic. “A Personal Essay on Italian Americans in Chicago and Illinois Politics in the Twentieth Century.” (Internet).
Chandler, J. D. “Frank Sinatra and the Mob.” Crime Magazine, June 13, 2001.
“Chicago Rebels Against Filly de Mignon.” Life, February 11, 1952.
Clemens, Bob. “The Las Vegas Strip.” Variety, December 7, 1954.
Earl, Phillip I. “The Legalization of Gambling in Nevada, 1931.” Nevada Historical Society Quarterly, Notes and Documents, spring 1981.
“Estes Kefauver, RIP.” The National Review, August 27, 1963.
Gilfoyle, Timothy J. “Making History Writing Law and History in Chicago: Interviews with John Hope Franklin and Abraham Lincoln Marovitz.” Chicago History 25, no. 3 (all 1996).
Greenberg, David. “Was Nixon Robbed? The Legend of the Stolen 1960 Presidential Election.” Slate Archives, October 16, 2000 (Internet).
Gribben, Mark. “Bugsy Siegel.” (Internet).
Hopkins, A. D. “Capone Connection.” Las Vegas Review-Journal, March 21, 1999.
———. “The Developer’s Developer.” (Internet).
IIT Technical Institute and the Chicago Crime Commission. “A Study of Organized Crime in Illinois.” 1972.
Jackson, David. “Sordid Ties Tarnished City Police.” Chicago Tribune, October 22, 2000.
Kelly, Jack. “How America Met the Mob.” Forbes American Heritage, August 2000.
Kennedy, William. “Under My Skin.” The New York Times Magazine, October 7, 1990.
Kurson, Robert. “Mob Lite.” Chicago Magazine, December 2000.
“The Mafia of Domenico Airoma.” Institute for the Doctrine and the Social Information, undated (Internet).
Lindberg, Richard. “The Death of the Don: The Legacy of Tony Accardo.” Illinois Police and Sheriffs News, September 1992 (Internet).
———. “The Memoirs of a Street Agent.” (Internet, undated).
Lombardo, Robert M. “The Genesis of Organized Crime.” (Internet, undated).
Long, Russ. “White-Collar Crime.” (Internet).
Longmeyer, Joseph. “Blood, Sweat and Picket Lines: An Ex-Organizer’s Very Personal Account of How Unions Kill Themselves.” Undated.
———. “Gus & Lenny: Mob Marauders from the Security Set.” Privately published.
Machi, Mario. “Chicago.” American Mafia.com. undated (Internet).
Maloney, J. J. “The Greenlease Kidnapping.” Crime Magazine, 2000 (Internet).
Marinacci, Michael. “Joseph Weil: The Yellow Kid.” (Internet 1997).
Martin, John Bartlow. “Who Killed Estelle Carey? The Murder That Lifted the Veil on the Syndicate.” Harper’s, June 1944.
———. “Al Capone’s Successors.” American Mercury, June 1949.
May, Allan. “The First Shooting of Frank Nitti.” (Internet, February 22, 1999).
———. “Havana Conference.” Internet, December 22, 1996.
———. “The History of the Race Wire Services.” Crime Magazine, undated (Internet).
———. “The Last Days of Lepke Buchalter.” Crime Magazine, 2000 (Internet).
———. “A Sicilian Bedtime Story.” PER International, 1999 (Internet).
McWilliams, Carey. “Chicago’s Machine-Gun Politics.” The Nation, March 15, 1952.
“Mobsters Zeroing In on White Collar Crime as Lucrative Path to Riches. Organized Crime Digest 18, no. 4. (February 19, 1997).
’Moodys: Public Utilities, 1945,” (Western Union, AT&T).
Moore, William Howard. “Was Estes Kefauver ’Blackmailed’ During the Chicago Crime Fiearings?: A Historian’s Perspective.” The Public Historian 4, no. 1 (winter 1982).
Mosca, Alexandra Katherine. “Funerals of the Infamous.” American Funeral Director, July 2000.
“The Mystery of Joe Kennedy.” Newsweek, September 12, 1960.
Nellis, Joseph L. “Legal Aspects of the Kefauver Investigation.” Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science, July-August 1951.
Nichols, Ron. “Lucky Luciano.” The Crime Library, undated (Internet).
“Outcry of IBEW’s Jurisdictional Fight vs. IA May See New Officers.” Variety, August 22, 1933.
Piccolo, Steve. “Chip Venues & Their History.” Chequers Magazine, August 2000 (Internet).
Posner, Gerald. “The Fallacy of Nixon’s Graceful Exit.” Salon.com Politics, undated (Internet).
“Rat Pack’s Hot Harem Nights.” Globe, April 21, 1998.
Roemer, Bill. “A Place in the Sun: Las Vegas . . . from Capo to Corporate.” Illinois Police & Sheriffs News, 1995 (Internet).
Roth, Andrew. “Bevan’s Bid for Power.” The Nation, March 15, 1952.
Rowan, Roy. “The 50 Biggest Mafia Bosses.” Fortune, November 10, 1986.
Smith, John L. “The Double Life of Moe Dalitz.” Las Vegas Review-Journal, undated (Internet).
Smith, Sandy. “The Mob.” Life, May 30, 1969.
Stevenson, Jack. “The Jukebox That Ate the Cocktail Lounge - the Story of Scopitone.” (Internet, 1999).
Stewart, W. M. Scott. “Kefauverism: A Protest.” Papers of Robert P. Patterson, Library of Congress.
Thomis, Wayne. “Abraham Lincoln Marovitz: A Moving Profile and His City.” Chicago Tribune, May 21-26, 1967.
Tosches, Nick. “Hipsters and Hoodlums.” Vanity Fair, December 2000.
——. “The Man Who Kept the Secrets.” Vanity Fair, April 1997.
Tuohy, John William. “Accardo.” Gambling Magazine, undated (Internet).
——. “Extortion 101.” Gambling Magazine, undated (Internet).
——. “Gone Hollywood.” Gambling Magazine, (undated (Internet).
——. “Guns and Glamor.” Gambling Magazine, undated (Internet).
——. “The Guns of Zangara.” Gambling Magazine, 2000 (Internet).
——. “The Last Days of Al Capone.” Gambling Magazine, undated (Internet).
——. “The Last Gangster: The Life and Times of Roger Touhy, John Factor and the Mob.” Gambling Magazine, undated (Internet).
——. “Power Play: The Nitti Shooting.” Gambling Magazine, undated (Internet).
——. “Roger Touhy, Gangster.” Gambling Magazine, undated (Internet).
——. “The Sands.” Gambling Magazine, undated (Internet).
——. “Ten Percent Tony: The Story of Chicago’s Most Corrupt Mayor.” Gambling Magazine, undated (Internet).
——. “Do the Mobs Dictate Your Crime Laws?” Reader’s Digest, March 1953.
——. “Secret ’Mr. Big’ of Florida.” Collier’s, May 5, 1951.
Velie, Lester. “The Capone Gang Muscle.” Collier’s, September 30, 1950.
——. ’”The Man to See’ in New Jersey.” Collier’s, August 25, 1951.
——. “Rudolph Halley - Flow He Nailed America’s Racketeers.” Collier’s, May 19, 1951.
Warren, James. “Nixon’s Hoffa Pardon Has an Odor.” Chicago Tribune, April 15, 2001.
Wolcott, James. “When They Were Kings.” Vanity Fair, May 1997.
Weberman, A. J. “The Godfather Part III: Why the Mob Rubbed Out Rosselli.” Assassination Archives and Research Center, undated.
Zill, Oriana, and Lowell Bergman. “U.S. Business & Money Laundering.” Transcript of Frontline, October 10, 2000.
7. Assorted Private Holdings
Cal-Neva Resort Report, Lake Tahoe 2, no. 3 (fall-winter).
Chicago Crime Commission (CCC). “Action Alert.” Fall 1995.
——. “Action Alert.” Winter 1996.
——. “Annual Report.” 1993.
——. “Annual Report.” 1995.
——. “Public Enemy Number One: Gangs, 75 Years of Fighting Crime in Chicagoland.” 1995.
Cuban Information Archives. Document 0126: “Santo Trafficante, Jr.” 1961.
Hoffman, Dennis E. “Business vs. Organized Crime: Chicago’s Private War on Al Capone, 19291932.” CCC. 1989.
Peterson, Virgil W. “Criminal Statistics: A Report on Chicago Crime for 1967. CCC.
——. ’A Report on Chicago Crime for 1961.” CCC.
——. “A Report on Chicago Crime for 1962.” CCC.
——. “A Report on Chicago Crime for 1964.” CCC.
——. “A Report on Chicago Crime for 1965.” CCC.
——. “A Report on Chicago Crime for 1968.” CCC.
“State by State Popular Vote and Electoral College Breakdown of the Presidential Election of 1960.”