General: (A) Historical Background
1. Bipan Chandra, Modern India, New Delhi, 1971.
2. Tara Chand, History of the Freedom Movement in India, Vol.1, Delhi, 1961.
3. Percival Spear, Oxford History of India, New Delhi, 1974.
4. R.Palme Dutt, India Today, Bombay, 1949 edition.
5. A.R. Desai, Social Background of Indian Nationalism, Bombay, 1959 edition.
(B) National Movement
1. A Centenary History of the Indian National Congress, 3 Vols., B.N. Pande, general editor, New Delhi, 1985.
2. Sumit Sarkar, Modern India 1885-1947, Delhi, 1983.
3. A.R. Desai, Social Background of Indian Nationalism.
4. Bipan Chandra, Amales Tripathi and Barun De, Freedom Struggle, New Delhi, 1972.
5. S. Gopal, Jawaharlal Nehru — A Biography, Vol.One, London, 1975.
6. B.R. Nandal Mahatma Gandhi — A Biography, London, 1958.
7. Bipan Chandra, Indian National Movement: Long-term Dynamics, New Delhi, 1988.
Introduction: (A) Gramsci and Hegemony
1. A.Gramsci, Selections from the Prison Notebooks, London, 1971.
2. Perry Anderson, ‘The Antinomies of Antonio Gramsci,’ New Left Review, 100, London, 1976-7.
3. C. Buci-Glucksmann, Gramsci and the State, London, 1979.
4. J. Femia, Gramsci’s Political Thought, Oxford, 1981.
5. C.Mouffe, editor, Gramsci and Marxist Theory, London, 1979.
6. A.S. Sassoon, Gramsci’s Politics, London, 1980.
7. Ernesto Laclau, Politics and Ideology in Marxist Theory, London, 1977.
(B) Historiographic Schools
1. V. Chirol, Indian Unrest, London, 1910.
2. Bruce T. McCully, English Education and the Origins of Indian Nationalism, New York, 1940.
3. Anil Seal, The Emergence of Indian Nationalism: Competition and Collaboration in the Late 19th Century, Cambridge, 1968.
4. J. Gallaghar, G. Johnson and A. Seal, editors, Locality, Province and Nation, Cambridge, 1973.
5. C.J. Baker, G. Johnson, A. Seal, editors, ‘Power, Profit and Politics: Essays on Imperialism, Nationalism and Change in 20th Century India,’ Modern Asian Studies, Cambridge, 1981.
6. Ranajit Guha, Subaltern Studies, I-IV, New Delhi, 1982-1986.
7. R.G. Pradhan, India’s Struggle for Swaraj, Madras, 1929.
8. B. Pattabhi Sitaramayya, The History of the Indian National Congress (1885-1935), Madras, 1935.
9. Bisheshwar Prasad, Changing Modes of Indian National Movement, New Delhi, 1966.
10. R.Palme Dutt, India Today.
11. A.R. Desai, Social Background of Indian Nationalism.
12. E.M.S. Namboodiripad, History of Indian Freedom Struggle, Trivandrum, 1986.
13. S. Gopal, ‘Book Review,’ The Indian Economic and Social History Review, New Delhi, Vol.XIV, No.3, July-September 1977.
14. Mridula Mukherjee, ‘Book Review,’ Studies in History, New Delhi, Vol. I, January-June, 1979.
15. Jayant Prasad, ‘Neo-Liberal History or an Imperialist Apologia?’ Social Scientist, New Delhi, Vol.1, No. 12, July 1973.
16. Tapan Raychaudhuri, ‘Indian Nationalism as Animal Politics,’ The Historical Journal, Cambridge, Vol.22, No.3, 1979.
17. Mridula Mukherjee, ‘Peasant Resistance, and Consciousness: ‘Subalterns’ and Beyond,’ EPW, 8 and 15 October, 1988.
1. The First Major Challenge: The Revolt of 1857
1. S.N. Sen, Eighteen Fifty-Seven, Delhi, 1957.
2. Harprasad Chattopadhyaya, The Sepoy Mutiny — A Social Study and Analysis, Calcutta, 1957.
3. S.B. Chaudhuri, Civil Rebellion in the Indian Mutinies 1857-59, Calcutta, 1957.
4. Eric Stokes, The Peasant and the Raj, Cambridge, 1978.
5. P.C. Joshi, editor, Rebellion, 1857: A Symposium, Delhi, 1957.
6. Rudrangshu Mukherjee, Awadh in Revolt 1857-1858, Delhi, 1984.
2 & 3. Civil Rebellions and Tribal Uprisings and Peasant Movements and Uprisings After 1857
1. A.R. Desai, editor, Peasant Struggles in India, Delhi, 1979.
2. S.B. Chaudhuri, Civil Disturbances during the British Rule in India, Calcutta, 1955.
3. Ranajit Guha, Elementary Aspects of Peasant Insurgency in Colonial India, Delhi, 1983.
4. Blair B. Kling, The Blue Mutiny — The Indigo Disturbances in Bengal 1859-1862, Philadelphia, 1966.
5. Kalyan Kumar Sen Gupta, Pabna Disturbances and the Politics of Rent 1873-1885, New Delhi, 1974.
6. Ravinder Kumar, Western India in the Nineteenth Century, London, 1968.
7. Stephen Fuchs, Rebellious Prophets: A Study of Messianic Movements in Indian Religions, Bombay, 1965.
8. Suresh Singh, The Dust-Storm and the Hanging Mist, Calcutta, 1966.
9. Suresh Singh, ‘Colonial Transformation of the Tribal Society in Middle India,’ Proceedings of the Indian History Congress, 1977.
4 & 5. Foundation of the Congress: The Myth and Foundation of the Indian National Congress: The Reality
1. Briton Martin, New India 1885, Bombay, 1970.
2. B.L. Grover, British Policy Towards Indian Nationalism 1885-1909, Delhi, 1967.
3. S.R Mehrotra, Emergence of Indian National Congress, Delhi, 1971.
4. William Wedderburn, Allan Octavian Hume, C.B, London, 1913.
5. Amitabh Mukherjee, ‘Genesis of the Indian National Congress,’ and Sita Ram Singh, ‘Moderates and Extremists,’ in A Centenary History of the Indian National Congress (1885-1985), General Editor, B.N. Pande, New Delhi, 1985, Vol.1: 1885-1919.
6. Socio-Religious Reforms and the National Awakening
1. Charles Hiemsath, Indian Nationalism and Hindu Social Reform, Princeton, 1964.
2. V.C. Joshi, editor, Rammohan and the Process of Modernization in India, Delhi, 1975.
3. Ashok Sen, Elusive Milestones of Ishwarchandra Vidyasagar, Calcutta, 1977.
4. K.N. Panikkar, Presidential Address, Modern Indian History, Proceedings of the Indian History Congress, 1975.
5. K.N. Panikkar, ‘Intellectual and Cultural History of Colonial India: Some Conceptual and Historiographical Questions,’ in S. Bhattacharya and Romila Thapar, editors, Situating Indian History, Delhi, 1986.
6. K.N. Panikkar, editor, Studies in History, Special Issue on ‘Intellectual History of Colonial India,’ Vol.3, No.l, January-June, 1987.
7. Economic Critique of Colonialism
1. R.C. Dutt, The Economic History of India Under Early British Rule, and Economic History of India in the Victorian Age, Delhi, 1960 reprint.
2. Bipan Chandra, The Rise and Growth of Economic Nationalism in India, New Delhi, 1984 reprint.
3. Bipan Chandra, ‘British and Indian Ideas on Indian Economic Development, 1858-1905,’ in his Nationalism and Colonialism in Modern India, New Delhi, 1987 reprint
4. B.N. Ganguli, Indian Economic Thought — Nineteenth Century Perspectives, New Delhi, 1977.
5. J.R. McLane, Indian Nationalsim and the Early Congress, Princeton, 1977.
8. The Fight to Secure Press Freedom
1. G.P. Pradhan and A.K. Bhagwat, Lokamanya Tilak — A Biography, Bombay, 1958.
2. J. Natarajan, History of Indian Journalism — Part II of the Report of the Press Commission, New Delhi, 1955.
3. Surendranath Banerjea, A Nation in the Making, Calcutta, 1963 reprint.
4. Ram Gopal, Lokamanya Tilak, Bombay, 1965 reprint.
9. Propaganda in the Legislatures
1. B.R. Nanda Gokhale, The Indian Moderates and the Raj, Delhi, 1977.
2. Homi Mody, Sir Pherozeshah Mehta, A Political Biography, Bombay, 1963 reprint.
3. Speeches and Writings of Gopal Krishna Gokhale edited, by D.G. Karve and D.V. Ambekar, Bombay 1966, 3 Volumes.
4. Pherozeshah M. Mehta, Speeches and Writings, edited by C.Y. Chintamani, Allahabad, 1905.
10. The Swadeshi Movement — 1903-1908
1. Sumit Sarkar, The Swadeshi Movement in Bengal, 1903-1908, New Delhi, 1973.
2. S. Gopal, British Policy in India, 1858-1905, Cambridge, 1965.
3. Haridas and Uma Mukherjee, India’s Fight for Freedom or the Swadeshi Movement, 1905-1906, Calcutta, 1958
4. Amales Tripathi, The Extremist Challenge, Calcutta, 1967.
5. J.R. McLane, Indian Nationalism and the Early Congress, Princeton, 1977.
11. The Split in the Congress and the Rise of Revolutionary Terrorism
1. B.R. Nanda, Gokhale.
2. G.P. Pradhan and A.K. Bhagwat, Lokamanya Tilak.
3. Arun Chandra Guha, First Spark of Revolution, Bombay, 1971.
4. Biman Bihari Majumdar, Militant Nationalism of India, Calcutta, 1966.
5. Kalicharan Ghosh, Roll of Honour, Calcutta, 1965.
6. Budhadeva Bhattacharya, editor, Freedom Struggle and Anushilan Samiti, Vol. One, 1979.
12. World War I and Indian Nationalism: The Ghadar
1. Harish K. Puri, Ghadar Movement, Amritsar, 1983.
2. Emily C. Brown, Har Dayal: Hindu Revolutionary and Rationalist, Tucson, 1975.
3. Mark Juergensmeyer, ‘The Ghadar Syndrome: Immigrant Sikhs and the Nationalist Pride,’ in Mark Juergensmeyer and N.Gerald Barrier, editors, Sikh Studies, Berkeley, 1979.
4. A.C. Bose, Indian Revolutionaries Abroad 1905-22, Patna, 1971.
5. Sohan Singh Josh, Hindustan Ghadar Party: A Short History, New Delhi, 1977.
13. The Home Rule Movement and its Fallout
1. G.P. Pradhan and A.K. Bhagwat, Lokamanya Tilak: A Biography, Chs.13-17.
2. T.V. Parvate Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Ahmedabad, 1958.
3. H.F. Owen, ‘Towards Nation-wide Agitation and Organisation: The Home Rule Leagues, 1915-18,’ in D.A. Low, editor, Soundings in Modern South Asian History, Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1968, pp. 159-95.
4. S. Vijayalakshmi, ‘Healing the Breach and the Home Rule Movement,’ in A Centenary History of the Indian National Congress, Vol.1.
14. Gandhi’s Early Career and Activism
1. Chandran D.S Devanesan, The Making of the Mahatma, Madras, 1969.
2. R.A. Huttenback, Gandhi in South Africa, Ithaca, New York, 1971.
3. M.K. Gandhi, An Autobiography: The Story of My Experiments with Truth, London, 1966.
4. B.R. Nanda, Mahatma Gandhi, New Delhi, 1958, Chs. 4-21.
5. Ravinder Kumar, editor, Essays on Gandhian Politics: The Rowlatt Satyagraha of 1919, London,1971.
6. David Hardiman, Peasant Nationalists of Gujarat: Kheda District 1917-1934, New Delhi, 1981, Chapter 5.
15. The Non-Cooperation Movement — 1920-22
1. Tendulkar, Mahatma, Vol.2.
2. Jawaharlal Nehru, An Autobiography, Bombay, 1962 reprint, Chs. 7–13.
3. P.C. Bamford, Histories of Khilafat and Non-Cooperation Movements, Delhi, 1925, reprinted 1985.
4. Sumit Sarkar, Modern India, New Delhi, 1983, pp.195-226.
5. 1921 Movement: Reminiscences, New Delhi, 1971.
6. J.C. Jha, ‘The Struggle for Swaraj (1919-1922),’ in A Centenary History of the Indian National Congress, Vol.II.
16. Peasant Movements and Nationalism in the 1920s
1. Majid H. Siddiqi, Agrarian Unrest in North India: The United Provinces (1918-22) New Delhi, 1978.
2. Kapil Kumar, Peasants in Revolt: Tenants, Congress, Landlords and the Raj in Oudh, 1886-1922, New Delhi, 1984.
3. S. Gopal, Jawaharlal Nehru: A Biography, Vol.One, Chapter 4.
4. K.N. Panikkar, ‘Peasant Revolts in Malabar in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries,’ in A.R. Desai, editor, Peasant Struggles in India.
5. Shirin Mehta, The Peasantry and Nationalism, New Delhi, 1984.
6. Mahadev Desai, The Story of Bardoli, Ahmedabad, 1957.
17. The Indian Working Class and the National Movement
1. Bipan Chandra, The Rise and Growth of Economic Nationalism in India, Chapter VIII.
2. Sumit Sarkar, The Swadeshi Movement in Bengal 1903-1908, Chapter V.
3. Ravinder Kumar, ‘From Swaraj to Purna Swaraj: Nationalist Politics in the City of Bombay, 1930-32,’ in D.A. Low, ed., Congress and the Raj: Facets of Indian Struggle 1917-47, London, 1977.
4. Aditya Mukherjee, ‘The Workers’ and Peasants’ Parties, 1926-30: An Aspect of Communism in India,’ in Bipan Chandra, editor, The Indian Left: Critical Appraisals, New Delhi, 1983.
5. Lajpat Jagga, ‘Colonial Railwaymen and British Rule — A Probe into Railway Labour Agitation in India, 1919-1922,’ in Bipan Chandra, editor, The Indian Left.
6. V.V. Balabushevich and A.M. Dyakov, editors, A Contemporary History of India, New Delhi, 1964.
7. Sukomal Sen, Working Class of India, History of Emergence and Movement, 1830-1970, Calcutta, 1977.
18. The Struggles for Gurdwara Reforms and Temple Entry
1. Mohinder Singh, The Akali Movement, Delhi, 1978.
2. Tendulkar, Mahatma, Vol.2.
3. T.K. Ravindran, Vaikkom Satyagraha and Gandhi, Trivandrum, 1973.
4. Gail Omvedt, Cultural Revolt in a Colonial Society: The Non-Brahmin Movement in Western India (1873-1930), Bombay, 1976.
5. D. Keer, Dr. Ambedkar: Life and Mission, Bombay, 1954.
6. E.M.S. Namboodiripad, How I became a Communist, Trivandrum, 1976.
7. E.Sa. Viswanathan, The Political Career of E.V. Ramasami Naicker, Madras, 1983.
19. The Years of Stagnation — Swarajists, No-Changers and Gandhiji
1. B.R. Nanda, The Nehrus, Motilal and Jawaharlal, London, 1962.
2. Hemendranath Gupta, Deshbandhu Chittaranjan Das, Delhi, 1960.
3. Manoranjan Jha, Role of Central Legislature in the Freedom Struggle, New Delhi, 1972.
4. Tendulkar, Mahatma, Vol.2.
5: B.R. Nanda, ‘The Swarajist Interlude,’ in A Centenary History of the Indian National Congress, Vol. II.
20. Bhagat Singh, Surya Sen and the Revolutionary Terrorists
1. Challenge — A Saga for India’s Struggle for Freedom, edited by Nitish Ranjan Ray, et.al., New Delhi, 1984.
2. Shiv Varma, editor, Selected Writings of Shaheed Bhagat Singh, New Delhi, 1986.
3. Budhadeva Bhattacharyya, editor, Freedom Struggle and Anushilan Samiti, Vol.One.
4. Bipan Chandra, ‘The Ideological Development of the Revolutionary Terrorists in Northern India in the 1920s,’ in his Nationalism and Colonialism in Modern India.
21. The Gathering Storm 1927-31
1. S. Gopal, Jawaharlal Nehru: A Biography, Vol.One, Chapter 9.
2. Tendulkar, Mahatma, Vol.2.
3. Subhas Bose, The Indian Struggle, Calcutta, 1964 edition.
4. Jawaharlal Nehru, An Autobiography, Chapters 24-27.
5. Sashi Joshi, ‘Nehru and the Emergence of the Left Bloc, 1927-29,’ in Bipan Chandra, editor, The Indian Left.
22. Civil Disobedience 1930-31
1. Tendulkar, Mahatma, Vol.3.
2. S. Gopal, Jawaharlal Nehru: A Biography, Volume One, Chapter 10.
3. Gyanendra Pandey, The Ascendency of the Congress in Uttar Pradesh: 1926-34, New Delhi, 1978.
4. D.A. Low, editor, Congress and the Raj.
5. David Hardiman, Peasant Nationalists of Gujarat: Kheda District 1917-34, Chapter 9.
6. A.K. Gopalan, In the Cause of the People: Reminiscences, Madras, 1973, Chapters 3-4.
7. Tanika Sarkar, ‘The First Phase of Civil Disobedience in Bengal, 1930-1,’ in The Indian Historical Review, New Delhi, July 1977, Vol.IV, No.1.
23. From Karachi to Wardha: The Years from 1932 to 1934
1. Tendulkar, Mahatma, Vol.3.
2. S. Gopal, Jawaharlal Nehru — A Biography, Vol.One, Chapters 11–13.
3. B.R. Nanda, Mahatma Gandhi — A Biography.
4. D. Keer, Dr. Ambedkar: Life and Mission, Bombay, 1954.
5. Jawaharlal Nehru, An Autobiography.
6. D.A. Low, editor, Congress and the Raj.
24. The Rise of the Left-Wing
1. Jawaharlal Nehru, An Autobiography.
2. Subhas Bose, The Indian Struggle.
3. S. Gopal, Jawaharlal Nehru — A Biography, Vol.One.,
4. Bipan Chandra, editor, The Indian Left.
5. Girja Shankar, Socialist Trends in Indian National Movement, Meerut, 1987.
6. Guidelines of the History of the Communist Party of India, issued by Central Party Education Department, New Delhi, 1974.
7. Satyabrata Rai Chowdhury, Leftist Movements in India: 1917-1947, Calcutta, 1977.
25. The Strategic Debate (1934-37)
1. Tendulkar, Mahatma, Vol.4.
2. S. Gopal, Jawaharlal Nehru — A Biography, Vol.One, Chapters 14-15.
3. Jawaharlal Nehru, An Autobiography.
4. Bipan Chandra, ‘Jawaharlal Nehru and the Capitalist Class, 1936,’ in his Nationalism and Colonialism in Modern India.
5. Subhas Bose, The Indian Struggle.
26. Twenty-Eight Months of Congress Rule
1. Reginald Coupland, Indian Politics, 1936-1942, Bombay, 1944.
2. Visalakshi Menon, ‘The Indian National Congress and Mass Mobilization — A Study of the U.P. 1937-39,’ Studies in History, New Delhi, Vol.II, No.2, July-December 1980.
3. S. Gopal, Jawaharlal Nehru — A Biography, Vol. One, Chapters 14–15.
4. Kishori Mohan Patra, ‘The First Congress Ministries: Problems and Prospects (1937-1939),’ in A Centenary History of the Indian National Congress, Vol.III.
5. Tendulkar, Mahatma, Vols. 4 and 5.
6. Amalendu Guha, Planter Raj to Swaraj: Freedom Struggle and Electoral Politics in Assam 1926-1947, New Delhi, 1977.
27. Peasant Movements in the 1930s and ’40s
1. K. Gopalan Kutty, ‘The Integration of Anti-Landlord Movement with the Movement Against Imperialism,’ in Bipan Chandra, editor, The Indian Left.
2. S. Henningham, Peasant Movements in Colonial India: North Bihar, 1917-42, Canberra, 1982, Chapter 6.
3. Sunil Sen, Agrarian Struggle in Bengal, New Delhi, 1972.
4. Mridula Mukherjee, ‘Communists and Peasants in Punjab: A Focus on the Muzara Movement in Patiala, 1937-53,’ in Bipan Chandra, editor, The Indian Left.
5. N.G. Ranga, Fight for Freedom: Autobiography, Delhi, 1968.
6. A.R Desai, editor, Peasant Struggles in India.
28. The Freedom Struggle in Princely India
1. Urmila Phadnis, Towards the Integration of Indian States, 1919-47, Bombay, 1968.
2. John R. Wood, ‘Rajkot: Indian Nationalism in the Princely Context: The Rajkot Satyagraha of 1938-9,’ in Robin Jeffrey, editor, People, Princes and Paramount Power, New Delhi, 1978.
3. Tendulkar, Mahatma, Vol.5.
4. P. Sundarayya, Telengana People’s Struggle and Its Lessons, Calcutta, 1972, Part I, Chapters 1-4.
5. Ramanand Tirtha, Memoirs of Hyderabad Freedom Struggle, Bombay, 1967.
6. Mridula Mukherjee, ‘Communists and Peasants in Punjab: A Focus on the Muzara Movement in Patiala, 1937-53,’ in Bipan Chandra, editor, The Indian Left.
29. Indian Capitalists and the National Movement
1. Bipan Chandra, ‘Indian Capitalist Class and Imperialism Before 1947,’ and ‘Jawaharlal Nehru and the Capitalist Class, 1936,’ in his Nationalism and Colonialism in Modern India.
2. Aditya Mukherjee, ‘The Indian Capitalist Class: Aspects of its Economic Political and Ideological Development in the Colonial Period, 1927-47,’ in S. Bhattacharya and Romila Thapar, editors, Situating Indian History.
3. Aditya Mukherjee, ‘Indian Capitalists and Congress on National Planning and Public Sector,’ in K.N. Panikkar, editor, National and Left Movements in India, New Delhi, 1980.
4. Rajat Ray, Industrialization in India, Growth and Conflict in the Private Corporate Sector, 1914-1947, New Delhi, 1979.
5. B. Chatterjee, ‘Business and Politics in the 1930s, Lancashire and the Making of the Indo-British Trade Agreement,’ Modern Asian Studies, London. Vol.15, No.3, 1981.
6. Gokhale Institute, Notes on the Rise of Business Communities in India, New York, 1951.
7. H. Venkatasubbiah, Enterprise and Economic Change, 50 Years of FICCI, New Delhi, 1977.
8. A.K. Bagchi, Private Investment in India, 1900-1939, Cambridge, 1972.
30. The Development of a Nationalist Foreign Policy
1. Bimal Prasad, The Origins of Indian Foreign Policy, Calcutta, 1962 edition.
2. S. Gopal, Jawaharlal Nehru — A Biography, Volume One.
3. Bimal Prasad, ‘Foreign Policy in the Making,’ in A Centenary History of the Indian National Congress, Vol.III.
4. Bipan Chandra, ‘Indian Nationalists and Foreign Wars and Expeditions, 1878-1903,’ in Homage to a Historian, edited by N. Jagadeesan and S. Jeyapragasam, Madurai, 1976.
31 & 32 & 33. The Rise and Growth of Communalism and The Liberal Phase and Jinnah, Golwalkar and Extreme Communalism
1. Bipan Chandra, Communalism in Modern India, New Delhi, 1987 edition.
2. W.C. Smith, Modern Islam in India, Lahore, 1963 reprint.
3. K.B. Krishna, The Problem of Minorities, London, 1939.
4. Moin Shakir, Khilafat to Partition — A Study of Major Political Trends among Indian Muslims during 1919-1941, Delhi, 1983 edition.
5. Khalid B. Sayeed, Pakistan — The Formative Phase 1857-1948, London, 1968.
6. Peter Hardy, The Muslims of British India, Cambridge, 1972.
7. Francis Robinson, Separatism Among Indian Muslims: The Politics of the United Provinces’ Muslims, 1860-1923, Delhi, 1975.
8. Mushirul Hasan, Nationalism and Communal Politics in India, 1916–1928, New Delhi, 1979.
9. Mushirul Hasan, editor, Communal and Pan-Islamic Trends in Colonial India, Delhi, 1981.
10. C.H. Philips and M.D. Wainwright, editors, The Partition of India, London, 1970.
11. Prabha Dixit, Communalism — A Struggle for Power, New Delhi, 1974.
12. Indra Prakash, A Review of the History and Work of the Hindu Mahasabha and the Hindu Sangathan Movement, New Delhi, 1938.
13. D.R. Goyal, Rashtriya Swayamsewak Sangh, New Delhi, 1979.
14. Beni Prasad, The Hindu-Muslim Questions, Allahabad, 1941.
15. Report of the Kanpur Riots Enquiry Committee, 1931, published as Roots of Communal Politics, edited by N.G. Barrier, New Delhi, 1976.
34. The Crisis at Tripuri to the Cripps Mission
1. S. Gopal, Jawaharlal Nehru — A Biography, Vol. One. Chapters 15–17.
2. Subhas Bose, The Indian Struggle.
3. Tendulkar, Mahatma, Vols. 5 and 6.
4. Bhupen Qanungo, ‘Preparations for Civil Disobedience January-September 1940’and ‘The Individual Civil Disobedience (October 1940–December 1941)’ in A Centenary History of the Indian National Congress, Vol.III.
5. R.J. Moore, Churchill, Cripps, and India 1939-1945, Oxford, 1979.
35. The Quit India Movement and the INA
1. Tendulkar, Mahatma, Vol.6.
2. Francis Hutchins, Spontaneous Revolution: The Quit India Movement, New Delhi, 1971.
3. Bhupen Qanungo, ‘The Quit India Movement, 1942,’ in A Centenary History of the Indian National Congress, Vol.III.
4. Max Harcourt, ‘Kisan Populism and Revolution in Rural India: The 1942 Disturbances in Bihar and East United Provinces,’ in D.A. Low, editor, Congress and the Raj.
5. Stephen Henningham, Peasant Movements in Colonial India: North Bihar 1917-42, Chapter 7.
6. K.K. Ghosh, The Indian National Army, Meerut, 1969.
7. Gail Omvedt, ‘The Satara Parallel Government, 1942-47,’ in D.N. Panigrahi, editor, Economy, Society and Politics in Modern India, New Delhi, 1985.
36. Post-War National Upsurge
1. Sumit Sarkar, ‘Popular Movements and National Leadership, 1945-47,’ in Economic and Political Weekly, Vol.XVII, Nos. 14-16, April 1982.
2. Sucheta Mahajan, ‘British Policy, Nationalist Strategy and Popular National Upsurge, 1945-6, in A.K. Gupta, editor, Myth and Reality, Struggle for Freedom in India, 1945-47, New Delhi, 1987.
3. Subrata Banerjee, The R.I.N Strike, New Delhi, 1981.
4. K.K. Ghosh, The Indian National Army, Meerut, 1969.
37. Freedom and Partition
1. S. Gopal, Jawaharlal Nehru -A Biography, Vol.One, Chapters 19-22.
2. R.J. Moore, Escape from Empire, Oxford, 1983.
3. Partha Sarathi Gupta, ‘Imperial Strategy and Transfer of Power, 1939–51,’ in A.K. Gupta, editor, Myth and Reality, Struggle for Freedom in India, 1945-47.
4. Simon Epstein, ‘District Officers in Decline: The Erosion of British Authority in the Bombay Countryside, 1919-1947,’ in Modern Asian Studies, Vol.16, No.3, 1982.
38. The Long-term Strategy of the National Movement
1. Bipan Chandra, Indian National Movement: The Long-term Dynamics, New Delhi, 1988.
2. Bipan Chandra, ‘Elements of Continuity and Change in the Early Nationalist Activity’ in his Nationalism and Colonialism in Modern India.
3. Tendulkar, Mahatma, 8 Vols.
4. S. Gopal, Jawaharlal Nehru — A Biography, Vol.One.
5. Joan V. Bondurant, Conquest of Violence, Berkeley, 1971.
6. B.R. Nanda, Gandhi and His Critics, Delhi, 1985.
7. Bimal Prasad, Gandhi, Nehru and J.P, Delhi, 1985.
39. The Indian National Movement — The Ideological Dimension
1. Bipan Chandra, The Rise and Growth of Economic Nationalism in India.
2. M.S. Buch, Rise and Growth of Indian Liberalism, Baroda, 1938.
3. G.P. Pradhan and A.K. Bhagat, Lokamanya Tilak.
4. B.R. Nanda, Mahatma Gandhi — A Biography.
5. S. Gopal, Jawaharlal Nehru — A Biography, Vol.One.
6. Indian National Congress Resolutions on Economic Policy, Programme and Allied Matters, New Delhi, 1969.
7. Gyorgy Kalmar, Gandhism, Budapest, 1977.
8. Francine R. Frankel, India’s Political Economy, 1947-1977: The Gradual Revolution, Delhi, 1978.
9. S.G. Sardesai in M.B. Rao, editor, The Mahatma, Marxist Evaluation, New Delhi, 1969.
10. Mohit Sen, The Indian Revolution, Review and Perspectives, New Delhi, 1970.
This work is partly the result of an ongoing research project on the history of the Indian national movement conducted under the direction of Bipan Chandra and financed by the Indian Council of Social Science Research. A special feature of the project is that apart from utilizing traditional sources such as archives, private papers, institutional papers, and newspapers, it has attempted to use the experience and understanding of the grass-roots level participants in the national movement. We are extremely thankful to more than 1500 freedom fighters who gave freely of their time and extended us generous hospitality when we interviewed them. Along with Bipan Chandra, three of the contributors to the volume — Mridula Mukherjee, Aditya Mukherjee, and Sucheta Mahajan — are members of this project. We are grateful to K.N. Panikkar for contributing two chapters to the book.
We have benefited immensely from our long-term interaction with S. Gopal and Romila Thapar. Many colleagues and students — V. Ramakrishna, D.N. Gupta, Prem Choudhry, Mohinder Singh, Sashi Joshi, Bhagwan Josh, Lajpat Jagga, A. Murali, K. Gopalan Kutty, C.S. Krishna, Gyan Kudaisya, Visalakshi Menon, A. Thomas, Vineeta Damodaran, Harjot Oberoi, Neerja Singh, C. Chandermohan — have enabled us to evolve our ideas and have also helped in several other ways.
Many friends — P.C. Joshi, B.D. Talib, Barun De, S. Bhattacharya, V.N. Datta, Ravinder Kumar, Hitesh Sanyal, Randhir Singh, Mohit Sen, Kewal Varma, Pramod Kumar — have deepened our knowledge of the subject through discussions and criticism.
We would like to thank the Directors and the staff of the National Archives and various state archives, the Nehru Memorial Museum and Library, the Jawaharlal Nehru University Library and other libraries in Delhi and other parts of the country for allowing us to use their facilities. We are, in particular, thankful to B.R. Nanda, V.C. Joshi, D.N. Panigrahi and Harideo Sharma of the Nehru Memorial Museum and Library for their assistance. As usual, Usha Chandra has contributed in multiple ways to the making of this volume.
We would also like to thank the publishers, and especially David Davidar and Sudha Sadhanand, for their interest and co-operation in seeing the book through its many stages. We also wish to thank J.S. Baweja who rendered invaluable assistance by cheerfully typing the manuscript under tremendous pressure.