Introduction
These are momentum tests, with each story split into three sections. The first and third of these sections are assessed by comprehension questions, while the second section is tested by translation. The range of comprehension questions is identical to that in the Level 1 Core tests, with the exception of the derivation question, which does not appear in Level 1.
The term ‘momentum’ indicates an increasing level of demand as the test progresses. This means that the first section should be accessible to virtually all students, because the Latin contains few linguistic hurdles and the questions are mostly straightforward. The translation section becomes harder as it progresses, while the last section contains the most complex Latin and most searching questions.
The storylines are taken from either history or mythology. The mark scheme for the translation is the same as that used for the Level 1 Additional tests.
In each exercise, read the first part of the story and answer the questions that follow. Then translate the second part of the story. Then read the final part and answer the questions that follow.
1 The story of Cronus and Rhea
1 The world is ruled by the Titans, of whom the strongest is Cronus. Cronus is afraid of an oracle that has predicted a dreadful future for him.
1 inter Titanos erat Cronus. Cronus uxorem habebat, Rheam nomine.
2 Rhea maritum et amabat et timebat; ille enim crudelis erat. ubi filia nata
3 est, Rhea laeta erat; infanti pulchrae nomen Vestam dedit. Cronus
4 tamen erat iratus, quod oraculum audiverat: ‘liberi tui,’ inquit oraculum,
5 ‘te necabunt.’ Cronus igitur consilium dirum cepit. ubi Rhea ei Vestam
6 tradidit ut eam teneret, eam statim consumpsit. quamquam Cronus iam
7 laetior erat, Rhea perterrita erat.
Names
|
Titanus, -i m. |
Titan |
|
Rhea, -ae f. |
Rhea |
|
Cronus, -i m. |
Cronus |
|
Vesta, -ae f. |
Vesta |
Words
|
nata est |
was born |
|
infans, -ntis m. / f. |
baby |
|
oraculum, -i n. |
oracle (a prediction of the future) |
|
liberi, -orum m.pl. |
children |
|
necabunt |
will kill |
(a) inter … Cronus (line 1): what are we told here about Cronus?
[1]
(b) Who was Rhea (line 1)?
[1]
(c) Rhea … erat (line 2):
(i) what two feelings did Rhea have towards Cronus?
[2]
(ii) why did she have the second of these feelings?
[1]
(d) ubi … dedit (lines 2-3):
(i) pick out and translate a Latin word that describes Rhea.
[2]
(ii) what caused her to be like that?
[1]
(iii) pick out and translate a Latin word that describes Vesta.
[2]
(e) Cronus … necabunt (lines 3-5): which three of the following statements are true? Write down the letters for the ones that are correct.
A Cronus was angry
B Cronus was happy
C Cronus was listening to an oracle
D Cronus had heard an oracle
E the oracle would kill Cronus’ children
F the oracle said Cronus’ children would kill him
[3]
(f) Cronus … cepit (line 5): what did Cronus do?
[3]
(g) ubi … consumpsit (lines 5-6):
(i) what did Rhea do?
[2]
(ii) why did she do this?
[2]
(iii) what did Cronus do?
[2]
(iv) write down an English word that comes from tradidit.
[1]
(h) quamquam … erat (lines 6-7):
(i) which is the correct translation of Cronus iam laetior erat?
A now Cronus was happy
B now Cronus was happier
C now Cronus was very happy
D now Cronus was the happiest
[1]
(ii) how did Rhea feel at the end?
[1]
Total mark for Question 1: [25]
2 Rhea devises a plan to fool Cronus.
ubi paucos post annos filius natus est, Cronus eum quoque consumpsit. hoc modo tres alii liberi, simulac nati sunt, perierunt. Rhea nesciebat quid facere posset; liberos enim cupiebat, sed nolebat eos Crono tradere. postquam filius alius tandem natus est, cui nomen Iovem dedit, Rhea optimum consilium cepit. primum matri et patri infantem dedit; deinde, cum Cronus advenisset filium postulans, ei saxum vestibus involutum tradidit. dum ei hoc dabat, tam vehementer clamabat et lacrimabat, ut Cronus saxum consumeret ignarus. postquam Cronus laetus abiit, Rhea etiam laetior ad matrem patremque festinavit, qui Iovem in spelunca iam celaverant. ibi eum curabant. Iuppiter, ubi adultus erat, Cronum punire constituit.
Name
|
Iuppiter, Iovis m. |
Jupiter |
Words
|
natus est, nati sunt |
was born / were born |
|
liberi, -orum m.pl. |
children |
|
infans, -ntis m. / f. |
baby |
|
saxum, -i n. |
stone |
|
vestes, -ium f. pl. |
clothes |
|
involvo, -ere, -vi, -utus |
I wrap |
|
dum |
while |
|
ignarus, -a, -um |
without realising |
|
spelunca, -ae f. |
cave |
|
adultus, -a, -um |
grown up |
|
punio, -ire |
I punish |
[40]
3 Jupiter takes revenge on Cronus.
1 Iuppiter, cum optimum vinum paravisset, ad Cronum ivit. Cronus, quod
2 eum numquam antea viderat, nescivit quis esset. Cronus, simulac
3 vinum bibit, plus vini postulavit. mox tantum vinum biberat, ut omnia
4 quae in ventre continebantur evomeret. omnia fragmenta quinque
5 liberorum, quos consumpserat, aderant. haec fragmenta convenerunt.
6 mox tres feminae duoque viri prope Iovem stabant. Cronus attonitus
7 fuit. ‘qui vos estis?’ inquit. ‘nos sumus tui liberi,’ illi responderunt. ‘te
8 punire volumus, quod nos necavisti.’ in bello quod gesserunt, Iuppiter et
9 fratres et sorores patrem superaverunt. deinde Iuppiter rex deorum erat.
Words
|
bibo, -ere, bibi |
I drink |
|
venter, ventris m. |
stomach |
|
evomo, -ere |
I vomit up, spew out |
|
fragmentum, -i n. |
fragment, piece |
|
liberi, -orum m.pl. |
children |
|
attonitus, -a, -um |
astonished |
|
soror, -oris f. |
sister |
(a) Iuppiter … ivit (line 1): which three of the following statements are true? Write down the letters for the ones that are correct.
A Jupiter was very good
B Jupiter prepared some wine
C the wine was very good
D some very good wine appeared
E Jupiter went to Cronus
F Cronus went to Jupiter
[3]
(b) Cronus … esset (lines 1-2):
(i) what did Cronus not know?
[2]
(ii) why was this?
[3]
(c) Cronus … postulavit (lines 2-3): what did the wine cause Cronus to do?
[2]
(d) mox … evomeret (lines 3-4):
(i) which is the correct translation of mox tantum vinum biberat?
A soon he was drinking so much wine
B soon he drank so much wine
C soon he had drunk so much wine
D soon so much wine was drunk
[1]
(ii) what did Cronus vomit up?
[3]
(e) omnia … aderant (lines 4-5): which three of the following statements are true? Write down the letters for the ones that are correct.
A there were five children
B there were five pieces of children
C the children had eaten the pieces
D Cronus had eaten the children
E all the pieces were present
F Cronus and Rhea were present
[3]
(f) Which is the correct translation of haec fragmenta convenerunt (line 5)?
A this was a convenient piece
B the pieces came together here
C these pieces came together
D these were convenient pieces
[1]
(g) mox … stabant (line 6): what soon happened?
[6]
(h) qui … responderunt (line 7):
(i) what did Cronus ask?
[2]
(ii) what reply was he given?
[2]
(i) te … necavisti (lines 7-8):
(i) what did the speakers want to do?
[1]
(ii) what reason did they give for this?
[2]
(j) in bello … superaverunt (lines 8-9):
(i) which is the correct translation of in bello quod gesserunt?
A because they were fighting a war
B because they fought in a war
C they fought in this war
D in the war which they fought
[1]
(ii) write down the Latin word that tells us who was defeated.
[1]
(k) deinde … erat (line 9): what did Jupiter become?
[2]
Total mark for Question 3: [35]
2 Aeneas arrives at Carthage
1 At the end of the Trojan War, Aeneas, who is a member of the royal family of Troy, gathers together the Trojan survivors and sails away to establish a new home. They are blown off course.
1 Aeneas erat princeps Troianus. Aeneas, postquam Graeci urbem
2 eius deleverunt, cum patre et filio et omnibus aliis, quos Graeci non
3 necaverant, ab urbe fugerat. iam omnes trans mare navigabant, ut
4 novam urbem conderent. sed tempestas ingens naves ad Africam
5 pepulit. cum navis in qua Aeneas navigabat ad terram advenisset,
6 Aeneas laetissimus erat quod pater et filius etiam vivebant. ceteras
7 naves tamen conspicere non poterat. Aeneas ad summum collem
8 ambulavit, ut circumspectaret.
Names
|
Aeneas, -ae m. |
Aeneas |
|
Graeci, -orum m.pl. |
the Greeks |
|
Troianus, -a, -um |
Trojan |
|
Africa, -ae f. |
Africa |
Words
|
condo, -ere |
I found, build |
|
tempestas, -atis f. |
storm |
|
pello, -ere, pepuli |
I drive |
|
collis, -is m. |
hill |
|
circumspecto, -are |
I look round |
(a) Which is the best translation of Aeneas erat princeps Troianus (line 1)?
A Aeneas was a Trojan principal
B Aeneas was a Trojan chieftain
C Aeneas was a Trojan emperor
D Aeneas was previously a Trojan
[1]
(b) Aeneas, postquam … fugerat (lines 1-3):
(i) what happened to Troy?
[2]
(ii) what two members of his family accompanied Aeneas?
[2]
(iii) which other people accompanied him?
[3]
(iv) which is the correct translation of ab urbe fugerat?
A they had fled from the city
B he fled from the city
C they fled from the city
D he had fled from the city
[1]
(c) iam … conderent (lines 3-4): which two of the following statements are true? Write down the letters for the ones that are correct.
A they were all crossing the sea
B they were crossing all the seas
C they were building a new city
D they wanted to build a new city
[2]
(d) sed … pepulit (lines 4-5): how did their plans go wrong?
[3]
(e) cum … vivebant (lines 5-6):
(i) which ship reached land?
[1]
(ii) write down and translate the Latin word that tells us how Aeneas felt.
[2]
(iii) why did he feel like this?
[3]
(f) ceteras … poterat (lines 6-7): how do you think this would have made Aeneas feel? Give a reason for your answer.
[2]
(g) Aeneas … circumspectaret (lines 7-8):
(i) what did Aeneas do?
[2]
(ii) why did he do this?
[1]
Total mark for Question 1: [25]
2 Aeneas meets a girl, who tells him about the land and its people.
Aeneas terram, ad quam venerat, spectare volebat. auxilium enim petere cupiebat, sed neque urbem neque homines videre poterat. cum ibi staret, puella pulcherrima ei appropinquavit. Aeneas, postquam puellam salutavit, eam rogavit num ab urbe propinqua venisset.
puella, ‘ita vero,’ respondit. ‘nomen urbis est Carthago. Carthago est nova urbs, quam regina Dido celeriter aedificat. Dido cum multis civibus a patria fugit, quod frater eam necare cupiebat, ut ipse imperium teneret. sed quis es tu?’
Aeneas puellae totam rem libenter narravit. deinde puella, in formam deae mutata, subito eum reliquit: puella enim erat Venus, mater Aeneae. Aeneas iratus erat, quod mater eum ita deceperat.
Names
|
Carthago, -inis f. |
Carthage |
|
Venus, -eris f. |
Venus |
|
Dido, -onis f. |
Dido |
Words
|
propinquus, -a, -um |
nearby |
|
ita vero |
yes |
|
regina, -ae f. |
queen |
|
patria, -ae f. |
homeland |
|
forma, -ae f. |
appearance |
|
muto, -are, -avi, -atus |
I change |
|
decipio, -ere, decepi |
I deceive |
[40]
3 Queen Dido welcomes Aeneas and his people.
1 cum Aeneas ad suos rediisset, ipse et pauci amici ad urbem Didonis
2 festinaverunt. ubi urbi appropinquabant, multos homines viderunt
3 templa, forum et domos aedificantes. in medio stabat Dido, femina
4 pulcherrima. regina tam attonita fuit, cum Aeneam et amicos
5 conspexisset, ut primo nesciret quid dicere deberet. simulac tamen
6 Aeneas reginae nomen suum dixit, laetissima erat. ‘magnus,’ inquit,
7 ‘honor est nobis vos excipere. nos enim multa de bello Troiano et virtute
8 Aeneae audivimus. cenam optimam vobis parare debemus.’ Aeneas
9 ceteros suos a nave arcessivit, gaudens quod in periculum non
10 advenerant.
Words
|
attonitus, -a, -um |
astonished |
|
honor, -oris m. |
honour |
|
excipio, -ere |
I welcome |
|
virtus, -utis f. |
courage |
|
arcesso, -ere, -ivi |
I summon |
(a) Which is the correct translation of cum (line 1)?
A with
B since
C although
D when
[1]
(b) ipse … festinaverunt (lines 1-2):
(i) who travelled to the city?
[3]
(ii) write down and translate the Latin word that gives information about the city.
[2]
(c) ubi … aedificantes (lines 2-3):
(i) when did they see many men?
[2]
(ii) what were the men doing?
[4]
(iii) write down an English word that comes from multos.
[1]
(d) in medio … pulcherrima (lines 3-4):
(i) where was Dido standing?
[1]
(ii) how is she described?
[2]
(e) regina … deberet (lines 4-5): which three of the following statements are true? Write down the letters for the ones that are correct.
A Aeneas was astonished
B Dido was astonished
C the queen saw Aeneas and his friends
D Aeneas saw his friends
E Aeneas did not know what to say
F Dido did not know what to say
[3]
(f) simulac … erat (lines 5-6):
(i) which person in this sentence is described as laetissima?
[1]
(ii) what caused this person to feel like this?
[3]
(g) Which is the correct translation of magnus honor est nobis vos excipere (lines 6-7)?
A it is great for us to welcome you with honour
B it is a great honour for us to welcome you
C it is a great honour for you to welcome us
D we welcomed you with great honour
[1]
(h) nos … debemus (lines 7-8):
(i) what have the people of Carthage heard?
[4]
(ii) what must they now do?
[4]
(i) Aeneas … advenerant (lines 8-10): which three of the following statements are true? Write down the letters for the ones that are correct.
A Aeneas summoned the rest of his men
B Aeneas looked for the rest of his ships
C the men rejoiced
D Aeneas rejoiced
E they were safe
F they were not safe
[3]
Total mark for Question 3: [35]
3 The story of Theseus (1)
1 King Aegeus falls in love with the daughter of a friend.
1 Aegeus erat rex Athenarum. Aegeus, quamquam uxorem habebat,
2 nec filios nec filias habebat. quod filium habere valde cupiebat, per
3 Graeciam iter faciebat, ut consilium amicorum peteret. ad urbem venit,
4 in qua amicus eius, Pittheus nomine, erat rex. Pittheus, quem Aegeus
5 diu non visitaverat, filiam pulcherrimam habebat. haec filia erat Aethra.
6 simulatque Aegeus Aethram conspexit, eam amavit. postquam unam
7 noctem amori dederunt, Aegeus tristis erat. Aethrae dixit: ‘quamquam
8 ego te amo, necesse est mihi Athenas redire; ibi enim uxor me
9 exspectat.’
Names
|
Aegeus, -i m. |
Aegeus |
|
Graecia, -ae f. |
Greece |
|
Aethra, -ae f. |
Aethra |
|
Athenae, -arum f.pl. |
Athens |
|
Pittheus, -i m. |
Pittheus |
Words
|
valde |
very mu |
|
visito, -are, -avi |
I visit |
|
necesse |
necessary |
(a) Who was Aegeus (line 1)?
[1]
(b) Aegeus, quamquam … habebat (lines 1-2):
(i) what did Aegeus have?
[1]
(ii) what did he not have?
[2]
(c) quod … peteret (lines 2-3):
(i) what was Aegeus’ great wish?
[2]
(ii) why did he travel through Greece?
[3]
(d) ad urbem … rex (lines 3-4): which three of the following statements are true? Write down the letters for the ones that are correct.
A Aegeus came to a city
B Pittheus came to a city
C a friend of Aegeus lived in the city
D Aegeus was the king of this city
E Pittheus was the name of the city
F Pittheus was the name of the king of the city
[3]
(e) Pittheus … habebat (lines 4-5):
(i) write down and translate the Latin word that tells us how long it was since Aegeus saw Pittheus.
[2]
(ii) what are we told about Pittheus’ family?
[2]
(f) Which is the correct translation of haec filia erat Aethra (line 5)?
A this was the daughter of Aethra
B Aethra’s daughter was here
C this daughter was Aethra
D Aethra was the daughter of this man
[1]
(g) simulatque … amavit (line 6): what happened when Aegeus saw Aethra?
[2]
(h) postquam … erat (lines 6-7):
(i) write down and translate the Latin words that tell us how long Aegeus and Aethra spent together.
[2]
(ii) how did Aegeus feel after this period of time?
[1]
(i) quamquam … exspectat (lines 7-9):
(i) what did Aegeus have to do?
[1]
(ii) why was this?
[2]
Total mark for Question 1: [25]
2 Aethra gives birth to a son.
Aethra tristis erat, quod Aegeus discedere constituerat. Aegeus, antequam Aethram reliquit, eam oravit ut filium sibi daret; deinde abiit. novem post mensibus Aethra filium peperit. puero nomen Theseum dedit. Aethra ipsa Theseum tam bene docebat, ut mox sapientior fortiorque esset quam omnes alii pueri.
ubi Theseus iuvenis erat, mater ei, ‘in silvam festina,’ inquit. ‘nam in media silva est magnum saxum. sub saxo iacet gladius, quem pater tuus celavit. fer mihi illum gladium.’
Theseus in silvam cucurrit, ut saxum quaereret; quod mox conspexit. primo saxum, quamquam trusit, movere non poterat. circum saxum ambulavit, id spectans iratus. deinde ab una sola parte saxum movere potuit.
Names
|
Theseus, -i m. |
Theseus |
Words
|
antequam |
before |
|
mensis, -is m. |
month |
|
pario, -ere, peperi |
I give birth to |
|
sapiens, -ntis |
sensible |
|
saxum, -i n. |
rock |
|
trudo, -ere, -si |
I push |
|
moveo, -ere |
I move |
|
pars, -tis f. |
(here) direction |
[40]
3 Theseus finds the sword.
1 tandem Theseus saxum movit. ibi sub saxo iacebat gladius, ab eo
2 quaesitus. primo Theseus iratus erat, quod gladius robiginosus erat;
3 deinde, cum pater gladium olim gessisset, eum ad matrem laete tulit.
4 mater Thesei, simulac conspexit gladium, tam tristis fuit ut statim
5 lacrimaret.
6 ‘hic gladius,’ inquit, ‘erat patris tui, qui eum sub saxo celavit.
7 antequam me reliquit, mihi haec verba dixit: “ego te oro: da mihi filium;
8 postea eum cum hoc gladio ad me mitte.” nunc igitur tibi necesse est
9 Athenas iter facere.’
Words
|
saxum, -i n. |
rock |
|
moveo, -ere |
I move |
|
robiginosus, -a, -um |
rusty |
|
antequam |
before |
|
necesse |
necessary |
(a) What did Theseus do at last?
[1]
(b) ibi … quaesitus (lines 1-2):
(i) where was the sword?
[1]
(ii) how is the sword described?
[2]
(c) primo … tulit (lines 2-3):
(i) write down and translate the Latin word in line 2 that tells us how Theseus felt.
[2]
(ii) why did he feel like this?
[2]
(iii) which Latin word in this sentence does a similar job to primo?
[1]
(iv) what made Theseus feel differently?
[3]
(v) what did he then do?
[3]
(d) mater … lacrimaret (lines 4-5): which three of the following statements are true? Write down the letters for the ones that are correct.
A Theseus saw the sword
B Theseus’ mother saw the sword
C Theseus’ mother was sad
D Theseus was sad
E Theseus burst into tears
F Theseus’ mother burst into tears
[3]
(e) hic … celavit (line 6):
(i) write down an English word that comes from patris.
[1]
(ii) which is the correct translation of hic gladius erat patris tui?
A here was your father’s sword
B your father was given this sword
C your father was a gladiator
D this sword belonged to your father
[1]
(iii) what did Theseus’ father do?
[3]
(f) antequam … dixit (line 7): write down the names of the following people:
(i) the person who me reliquit
[1]
(ii) the person who haec verba dixit
[1]
(iii) the person to whom haec verba were spoken
[1]
(g) ego … mitte (lines 7-8):
(i) what did the speaker want?
[2]
(ii) what was the second command he gave (postea … mitte)?
[5]
(h) nunc … facere (lines 8-9): what must Theseus now do?
[2]
Total mark for Question 3: [25]
4 The story of Theseus (2)
1 Aethra tells Theseus to go to Athens.
1 Theseus erat filius Aethrae. Theseus, ubi iuvenis erat, gladium
2 patris invenit. deinde Aethra eum Athenas ire iussit.
3 ‘iam tibi discedendum est,’ Aethra inquit. ‘sed iter longum
4 periculosissimumque est, quod multi latrones viatores oppugnant.
5 melius est tibi in nave ire.’
6 Theseus cognoscere volebat, quis esset pater; mater enim ei
7 nomen patris numquam dixerat. mater tamen hoc dicere noluit.
8 ‘ad regiam i,’ inquit. ‘regi illum gladium ostende. deinde rex ipse tibi
9 omnia dicere potest, quae cognoscere vis.’
Names
|
Theseus, -i m. |
Theseus |
|
Athenae, -arum f.pl. |
Athens |
|
Aethra, -ae f. |
Aethra |
Words
|
periculosus, -a, -um |
dangerous |
|
latro, -onis m. |
robber, bandit |
|
viator, -oris m. |
traveller |
|
regia, -ae f. |
palace |
(a) Who was Theseus (line 1)?
[2]
(b) Theseus … invenit (lines 1-2):
(i) what did Theseus find?
[2]
(ii) write down and translate the Latin word that tells us how old Theseus was at the time.
[2]
(c) deinde … iussit (line 2): what did Aethra do?
[3]
(d) Which is the correct translation of iam tibi discedendum est (line 3)?
A now you are departing
B now I am departing to see you
C now you must depart
D now you have departed
[1]
(e) sed … oppugnant (lines 3-4):
(i) how does Aethra describe the journey by land?
[2]
(ii) what reason does she give for describing it like this?
[3]
(f) melius … ire (line 5): what method of travel does Aethra recommend?
[1]
(g) Theseus … noluit (lines 6-7): which three of the following statements are true? Write down the letters for the ones that are correct.
A Theseus wanted to find out who his father was
B Theseus was wanting to understand his father
C Aethra had never told Theseus’ father his name
D Aethra had never told Theseus the name of his father
E Aethra refused to tell Theseus who his father was
F Aethra refused to speak to Theseus’ father
[3]
(h) ad regiam … vis (lines 8-9):
(i) what two orders did Aethra give to Theseus?
[4]
(ii) how would this help Theseus?
[2]
Total mark for Question 1: [25]
2 Theseus begins his journey, and soon comes upon the first hazard.
Theseus, quamquam Aethra eum in nave Athenas ire iusserat, mare transire nolebat. cibum igitur et gladium portans, matrem reliquit, timore perculsam. latrones, de quibus mater eum monuerat, non timebat. iuvenis enim fortissimus erat.
prima pars itineris per silvam iacebat. ubi mediae silvae appropinquabat, clamorem audivit. mox hominem ingentem conspexit, qui summam arborem ad terram trahebat. ille, simulac Theseum vidit, clamavit: ‘ego sum Sinis. me adiuva.’
‘quid facere vis?’ rogavit Theseus.
‘hanc arborem ad terram ligare volo,’ Sinis respondit.
Theseus, quamquam nesciebat cur Sinis hoc facere vellet, eum libenter adiuvit. mox summam arborem ligaverunt. cum Theseus discedere coepisset, homo clamavit: ‘mane! alteram arborem ligare cupio.’
Names
|
Sinis, -is m. |
Sinis |
Words
|
timor, -oris m. |
fear |
|
percello, -ere, -culi, -culsus |
I dismay, strike |
|
latro, -onis m. |
robber, bandit |
|
arbor, -oris f. |
tree |
|
ligo, -are, -avi |
I tie |
3 Theseus deals with the first bandit.
1 Theseus hominem iterum adiuvit. mox caput alterius arboris ad
2 terram ligabatur. subito tamen Sinis, simulatque hoc confecerunt,
3 Theseum oppugnavit. quamquam Sinis ferociter pugnavit, Theseus, qui
4 fortior erat, eum ad terram tandem iecit. ubi Theseus intellexit quid Sinis
5 facere vellet, tam iratus erat, ut facere constitueret id quod Sinis facere
6 voluerat: postquam bracchia Sinis ad duas arbores ligavit, funes, qui
7 arbores ad terram tenebant, gladio scidit. homo in duas partes
8 divellebatur.
9 Theseus, gaudens quod latronem crudelissimum superaverat, e silva
10 exiit.
Words
|
arbor, -oris f. |
tree |
|
ligo, -are, -avi |
I tie |
|
bracchium, -i n. |
arm |
|
funis, -is m. |
rope |
|
scindo, -ere, scidi |
I cut |
|
divello, -ere |
I tear apart |
|
latro, -onis m. |
robber, bandit |
(a) Which is the correct translation of Theseus hominem iterum adiuvit (line 1)?
A Theseus heard the man again
B Theseus helped the man again
C Theseus heard about the man’s journey
D Theseus helped the man on his journey
[1]
(b) mox … ligabatur (lines 1-2): what did the two men do?
[3]
(c) subito … oppugnavit (lines 2-3):
(i) what did Sinis do?
[2]
(ii) when did he do this?
[2]
(d) quamquam … iecit (lines 3-4): which three of the following statements are true? Write down the letters for the ones that are correct.
A Sinis fought ferociously
B Theseus attacked Sinis ferociously
C Sinis was stronger than Theseus
D Theseus was stronger than Sinis
E Theseus threw Sinis to the ground
F Sinis lay down on the ground
[3]
(e) ubi … voluerat (lines 4-6):
(i) what did Theseus understand?
[3]
(ii) write down and translate the Latin adjective that describes how Theseus felt.
[2]
(iii) what did Theseus decide to do as a result of feeling like this?
[3]
(f) postquam … scidit (lines 6-7):
(i) what did Theseus do first?
[4]
(ii) what did he do next?
[2]
(iii) what were the ropes doing before Theseus did these two actions?
[2]
(iv) write down an English word that comes from terra.
[1]
(g) homo … divellebatur (lines 7-8): what happened to Sinis?
[2]
(h) Theseus … exiit (lines 9-10):
(i) write down and translate the Latin word that describes how Theseus felt.
[2]
(ii) what caused him to feel this way?
[3]
Total mark for Question 3: [35]
5 The story of Theseus (3)
1 Theseus has difficulty crossing a river.
1 Theseus e manibus Sinis effugerat. post paucas horas ad flumen venit.
2 hoc flumen altum erat, quod diu pluerat. Theseus flumen transire non
3 poterat. ibi stabat, cogitans quid facere deberet. subito iuvenis ei
4 appropinquavit.
5 ‘si flumen transire vis,’ inquit iuvenis, ‘mecum veni. locum cognovi,
6 ubi flumen est angustum. ibi trans flumen salire possumus.’
7 Theseus iam laetior erat, quod ei non necesse erat prope flumen
8 manere. cum ad partem fluminis angustam pervenissent, iuvenis
9 primum saluit, sed in medium flumen cecidit.
Names
|
Theseus, -i m. |
Theseus |
|
Sinis, -is m. |
Sinis |
Words
|
altus, -a, -um |
deep |
|
pluit, -ere, -it |
it is raining |
|
angustus, -a, -um |
narrow |
|
salio, -ire, -ui |
I jump |
|
necesse |
necessary |
|
cado, -ere, cecidi |
I fall |
(a) Which is the correct translation of Theseus e manibus Sinis effugerat (line 1)?
A Theseus escaped from the hands of Sinis
B Theseus had escaped from the hands of Sinis
C Theseus was escaping from the hands of Sinis
D Theseus escapes from the hands of Sinis
[1]
(b) post … venit (lines 1-2): how long did it take Theseus to reach the river?
[2]
(c) hoc … pluerat (line 2):
(i) write down the Latin word that describes the river.
[1]
(ii) why was the river like this?
[2]
(d) Theseus … poterat (lines 2-3): what could Theseus not do?
[2]
(e) ibi … deberet (line 3): what did Theseus do? Give full details.
[5]
(f) subito … appropinquavit (lines 3-4): who approached Theseus?
[1]
(g) si … possumus (lines 5-6):
(i) what did the speaker tell Theseus to do?
[2]
(ii) write down an English word that comes from locum.
[1]
(iii) which three of the following statements are true? Write down the letters for the ones that are correct.
A the young man knew where the river was narrow
B the river was narrow in many places
C only one person could cross the river
D both Theseus and the young man could cross the river
E the river could not be crossed although it was narrow
F the river could be crossed where it was narrow
[3]
(h) Theseus … manere (lines 7-8):
(i) write down and translate the Latin word that describes how Theseus felt.
[2]
(ii) why did he feel this way?
[2]
(i) cum …cecidit (lines 8-9): who jumped first?
[1]
Total mark for Question 1: [25]
2 Theseus survives his second ordeal.
‘me adiuva!’ iuvenis clamavit. ‘natare non possum.’
Theseus, qui natare poterat, statim in flumen desiluit. mox iuvenem tenebat; deinde eum ad ripam traxit. iuvenis tam gratus erat, ut Theseo narrare constitueret, qualis vir dominus esset.
‘meus dominus,’ inquit, ‘est Procrustes. Procrustes est homo crudelissimus. me ad flumen misit, ut viatorem quaererem et ad villam nostram invitarem. hospites tamen semper necat. tibi necesse est eum interficere.’
postquam ad villam Procrustis advenerunt, Procrustes Theseo cenam libenter paravit; deinde eum ad cubiculum duxit. ibi Theseo persuasit, ut in cubili iaceret.
‘tu longior es quam cubile,’ Procrustes dixit. ‘necesse est mihi pedes tuos abscidere.’
Names
|
Procrustes, -is m. |
Procrustes |
Words
|
nato, -are |
I swim |
|
desilio, -ire, -ui |
I jump down |
|
ripa, -ae f. |
river bank |
|
gratus, -a, -um |
grateful |
|
viator, -oris m. |
traveller |
|
invito, -are |
I invite |
|
hospes, -itis m. |
guest |
|
necesse |
necessary |
|
cubiculum, -i n. |
bedroom |
|
cubile, -is n. |
bed |
|
abscido, -ere |
I cut off |
[40]
3 Theseus arrives safely in Athens, after dealing with Procrustes.
1 Procrustes, quod homo crudelissimus erat, Theseum necare
2 volebat. bipennem igitur, quam sub cubili celaverat, statim sustulit ut
3 Theseum oppugnaret. sed Theseus, qui multo valentior erat quam
4 Procrustes, postquam bipennem e manibus eius rapuit, eum facile
5 superavit. mox Procrustes ipse in cubili iacebat, sine pedibus suis. ille
6 servus, qui Theseum ad villam duxerat, erat laetissimus, quod Theseus
7 dominum necaverat et mors domini eum liberaverat.
8 postridie Theseus iuvenem gaudentem ac dominum mortuum
9 sepelientem reliquit, ut iter ad urbem Athenas faceret. duos post dies ad
10 urbem advenit.
Name
|
Athenae, -arum f.pl. |
Athens |
Words
|
bipennis, -is f. |
axe |
|
cubile, -is n. |
bed |
|
tollo, -ere, sustuli |
I pick up |
|
valens, -ntis |
strong |
|
mortuus, -a, -um |
dead |
|
sepelio, -ire |
I bury |
(a) Write down and translate the Latin word in line 1 that describes the man Procrustes.
[3]
(b) Theseum necare volebat (lines 1-2): what did Procrustes want to do?
[2]
(c) bipennem … oppugnaret (lines 2-3): which three of the following statements are true? Write down the letters for the ones that are correct.
A an axe stood by the bed
B Procrustes picked up an axe
C Procrustes had hidden the axe
D Procrustes had hidden under the bed
E Theseus wanted to attack Procrustes
F Procrustes wanted to attack Theseus
[3]
(d) sed Theseus … superavit (lines 3-5):
(i) how is Theseus described here?
[3]
(ii) how did Theseus get the better of Procrustes?
[2]
(iii) was the struggle long or short? Give a reason for your answer.
[1]
(e) mox … suis (line 5): what happened to Procrustes? Give full details.
[3]
(f) ille servus … liberaverat (lines 5-7):
(i) qui … duxerat: what are we told here about Procrustes’ slave?
[3]
(ii) write down and translate the Latin word that tells us how the slave felt.
[3]
(iii) why did he feel this way? Give two reasons.
[5]
(g) postridie … faceret (lines 8-9):
(i) what two things was the young man doing when Theseus left?
[3]
(ii) which is the correct translation of ut iter ad Athenas faceret?
A and he travelled to Athens
B in order to travel to Athens
C to go to Athens again
D so that he went to Athens
[1]
(h) duos … advenit (lines 9-10):
(i) how long did the journey take?
[2]
(ii) write down an English word that comes from urbem.
[1]
Total mark for Question 3: [35]
6 The story of Theseus (4)
1 Theseus reaches the palace in Athens.
1 Theseus erat iuvenis fortis, qui duos latrones iam superaverat.
2 Theseus ad urbem Athenas iter faciebat, quod cognoscere volebat, quis
3 pater esset. simulatque ad urbem advenit, regiam quaesivit. regia in
4 media urbe erat. Theseus, cum ad regiam advenisset, servum, qui
5 ianuam aperuit, iussit se ad regem ducere. servus eum prope ianuam
6 reliquit, ut regem peteret. sed ubi servus rediit, regina, non rex, cum eo
7 venit. regina, cuius nomen erat Medea, Theseum intente spectavit;
8 gladium quem gerebat quoque conspexit.
Names
|
Theseus, -i m. |
Theseus |
|
Medea, -ae f. |
Medea |
|
Athenae, -arum f.pl. |
Athens |
Words
|
latro, -onis m. |
robber, bandit |
|
regia, -ae f. |
royal palace |
|
regina, -ae f. |
queen |
|
intente |
closely |
(a) Theseus … fortis (line 1): how is Theseus described here?
[2]
(b) qui … superaverat (line 1): what had Theseus done?
[2]
(c) Theseus … esset (lines 2-3): why was Theseus travelling to Athens?
[4]
(d) simulatque … erat (lines 3-4):
(i) what did Theseus do as soon as he reached Athens?
[2]
(ii) to which part of the city did he go?
[1]
(iii) write down an English word that comes from mediam.
[1]
(e) Theseus … ducere (lines 4-5): which two of the following statements are true? Write down the letters for the ones that are correct.
A a slave opened the door
B Theseus opened the door
C the slave ordered Theseus to go inside
D Theseus ordered the slave to take him to the king
[2]
(f) servus … peteret (lines 5-6):
(i) where did the slave leave Theseus?
[2]
(ii) why did the slave leave?
[2]
(g) sed … venit (lines 6-7): in what way did Theseus fail to achieve his wish?
[2]
(h) regina … conspexit (lines 7-8):
(i) which is the correct translation of cuius nomen erat Medea?
A her name was Medea
B which was the name of Medea
C which was named Medea
D whose name was Medea
[1]
(ii) what two things did the queen do?
[4]
Total mark for Question 1: [25]
2 Medea invites Theseus into the palace.
Medea, postquam Theseum spectavit, tandem ei dixit:
‘rex Aegeus abest. si eum videre vis, ad cenam veni. nunc abi.’ Theseus igitur per urbem ambulavit, ut templa pulchra spectaret. tribus post horis ad regiam rediit, gladium gerens. regina ipsa ianuam aperuit et eum in regiam accepit.
Medea tamen consilium dirum ceperat, quod, simulac gladium conspexit, cognoverat quis Theseus esset. maritus enim eius illum gladium reliquerat, ubi amicum visitabat.
‘visne vinum bibere?’ rogavit regina. poculum Theseo statim tradidit. sed antequam Theseus vinum bibere poterat, rex subito intravit. is quoque, simulac gladium vidit, intellexit quis esset Theseus. deinde rex poculum, quod Theseus tenebat, conspexit.
Names
|
Aegeus, -i m. |
Aegeus |
Words
|
regia, -ae f. |
royal palace |
|
regina, -ae f. |
queen |
|
visito, -are |
I visit |
|
bibo, -ere |
I drink |
|
poculum, -i n. |
wine-cup |
|
antequam |
before |
[40]
3 Theseus finally meets his father.
1 Aegeus, ubi poculum conspexit, perterritus erat. illud poculum enim
2 agnovit, quod uxor saepe venenum in eo posuerat. statim intellexit quid
3 uxor faceret et cur iuvenem necare vellet. uxor enim, quae quoque
4 gladium agnoverat, invida erat, quod alia femina marito filium
5 praebuerat.
6 rex, clamans ‘noli bibere’, ad Theseum cucurrit et poculum ad terram
7 deiecit. terra, vino tacta, ferbuit. Theseus ibi stabat, attonitus.
8 rex ei dixit, ‘tu es filius meus. quam laetus sum te videre! sed tu,
9 Medea, eum occidere volebas. abi! nolo te iterum videre!’
10 Theseus gaudebat, quod iam cognoverat quis esset pater.
Words
|
poculum, -i n. |
wine-cup |
|
agnosco, -ere, agnovi |
I recognise |
|
venenum, -i n. |
poison |
|
invidus, -a, -um |
jealous |
|
bibo, -ere |
I drink |
|
deicio, -ere, deieci |
I knock down |
|
tango, -ere, tetigi, tactus |
I touch |
|
ferveo, -ere, ferbui |
I steam, boil |
|
attonitus, -a, -um |
astonished |
(a) Aegeus … erat (line 1):
(i) write down and translate the Latin word that tells us how Aegeus felt.
[2]
(ii) when did he feel like this?
[1]
(b) illud … posuerat (lines 1-2): how was Aegeus able to recognise the cup?
[4]
(c) statim … vellet (lines 2-3): what two things did Aegeus immediately realise?
[6]
(d) uxor enim … praebuerat (lines 3-5): which three of the following statements are true? Write down the letters for the ones that are correct.
A Medea had recognised the sword
B Aegeus recognised his son
C Aegeus was jealous
D Medea was jealous
E another woman had provided a son for Aegeus
F another woman had married her son
[3]
(e) rex … deiecit (lines 6-7):
(i) which is the correct translation of noli bibere?
A he did not drink
B he did not want to drink
C you do not want to drink
D don’t drink
[1]
(ii) what two things did the king do?
[4]
(f) terra, vino tacta, ferbuit (line 7): explain in your own words what happened here.
[3]
(g) Theseus ibi stabat, attonitus (line 7): write down the Latin word that describes Theseus.
[1]
(h) rex … te videre (line 8):
(i) what revelation did the king make?
[2]
(ii) what did he say made him laetus?
[1]
(i) sed … iterum videre (lines 8-9):
(i) what did the king think Medea wanted to do?
[1]
(ii) what did he order her to do?
[1]
(iii) how did he make it clear that their relationship was over?
[3]
(j) Theseus … pater (line 10): why was Theseus pleased?
[2]
Total mark for Question 3: [35]
7 Romulus and Remus (1)
1 There is a dispute over who should be king of Alba Longa.
1 Numitor et Amulius erant filii regis Albae Longae. post mortem patris
2 eorum, Numitor, quod senior erat, rex esse debebat. Amulius tamen,
3 qui vir crudelis erat, fratrem ex urbe expulit ut rex ipse esset. deinde
4 Amulius, postquam filios Numitoris necavit, filiam eius, Rheam Silviam
5 nomine, coegit Virginem Vestalem esse. poena erat mors Virgini
6 Vestali, quae cum viro dormiebat.
7 quamquam Amulius tantum fecit, ut aemulos removeret, Rhea Silvia
8 duos filios peperit. hi filii erant Romulus et Remus.
Names
|
Numitor, -oris m. |
Numitor |
|
Amulius, -i m. |
Amulius |
|
Alba Longa, Albae Longae f. |
Alba Longa (a city near Rome) |
|
Rhea Silvia, Rheae Silviae f. |
Rhea Silvia |
|
Virgo Vestalis, Virginis Vestalis f. |
Vestal Virgin (priestess of the goddess Vesta) |
|
Romulus, -i m. |
Romulus |
|
Remus, -i m. |
Remus |
Words
|
senior, -ius |
elder |
|
expello, -ere, -puli |
I drive out |
|
aemulus, -i m. |
rival |
|
removeo, -ere |
I remove |
|
pario, -ere, peperi |
I give birth to |
(a) Numitor … Albae Longae (line 1): how were Numitor and Amulius related?
[1]
(b) post … debebat (lines 1-2):
(i) what happened to the old king?
[1]
(ii) what ought to have happened next?
[2]
(iii) why was this?
[1]
(iv) write down an English word that comes from mortem.
[1]
(c) Amulius … esset (lines 2-3): which three of the following statements are true? Write down the letters for the ones that are correct.
A Amulius was a cruel man
B Numitor was a cruel man
C Amulius was driven out by his brother
D Numitor was driven out by his brother
E Amulius acted in order to become king
F Numitor acted in order to become king
[3]
(d) deinde … esse (lines 3-5):
(i) what happened to Numitor’s sons?
[2]
(ii) who was Rhea Silvia?
[1]
(iii) what happened to her?
[3]
(e) poena … dormiebat (lines 5-6):
(i) what punishment for a Vestal Virgin is mentioned here?
[1]
(ii) why would this punishment be given?
[2]
(f) quamquam … peperit (lines 7-8):
(i) which is the correct translation of quamquam Amulius tantum fecit?
A although Amulius made so many things
B although Amulius made this
C although Amulius did this
D although Amulius did so much
[1]
(ii) why did he do this?
[1]
(iii) how did Rhea Silvia hinder Amulius’ plan?
[3]
(iv) how do you think this would have made Amulius feel?
[1]
(v) explain your answer to (iv).
[1]
Total mark for Question 1: [25]
2 Amulius tries to kill Romulus and Remus, but fails.
cum Amulius Rheam Silviam rogavisset, quis esset pater duorum filiorum, illa respondit, ‘Mars.’ rex iratus, postquam eam in carcerem iecit, pueros militibus tradidit, ut eos in flumine necarent. milites tamen, quod hoc facere nolebant, pueros in canistro posuerunt; hoc magna cum cura in flumine posuerunt, deos orantes ut pueros servarent. post tres horas flumen canistrum ad ripam tulit. ibi lupa, quae de montibus ad flumen venerat, ut aquam biberet, pueros lacrimantes audivit. lupa pueris, quos e canistro in silvam portaverat, lac praebuit. ita Romulus Remusque servabantur. tandem pastor eos inventos ad uxorem portavit; quae eos multos annos educabat.
Names
|
Mars, -tis m. |
Mars (God of War) |
Words
|
carcer, -eris m. |
prison |
|
canistrum, -i n. |
basket |
|
ripa, -ae f. |
bank (of a river) |
|
lupa, -ae f. |
she-wolf |
|
bibo, -ere |
I drink |
|
lac, -tis n. |
milk |
|
pastor, -oris m. |
shepherd |
|
educo, -are |
I bring up |
[40]
3 Read the passage below and answer the questions that follow.
Romulus and Remus beat robbers at their own game.
1 Romulus et Remus, ubi iuvenes erant, saepe latrones
2 oppugnabant, ut praedam eorum raperent. omnem praedam inter
3 pastores dividebant. tot alii iuvenes, cum haec cognovissent, convenire
4 coeperunt, ut mox turba iuvenum esset, qui etiam plures latrones
5 oppugnabant. tandem latrones tam irati erant, ut insidias contra iuvenes
6 facerent. quamquam Romulus eis fortiter restitit, latrones Remum
7 captum ad Amulium traxerunt.
8 ‘hic iuvenis,’ inquiunt latrones, ‘manum iuvenum contra agros
9 Numitoris ducebat.’
10 Amulius, qui nec latronibus nec Remo credidit, Numitori iuvenem
11 tradidit ut poenas daret.
Words
|
latro, -onis m. |
robber, bandit |
|
praeda, -ae f. |
booty, loot |
|
pastor, -oris m. |
shepherd |
|
divido, -ere |
I divide |
|
insidiae, -arum f.pl. |
ambush |
|
ager, agri m. |
land |
(a) Romulus … raperent (lines 1-2):
(i) what did Romulus and Remus often do when they grew up?
[2]
(ii) why did they do this?
[2]
(b) omnem … dividebant (lines 2-3): how did Romulus and Remus help the shepherds?
[2]
(c) tot … oppugnabant (lines 3-5): which four of the following statements are true? Write down the letters for the ones that are correct.
A lots of young men joined Romulus and Remus
B all the others joined the young men
C Romulus and Remus found this out
D the young men learned what Romulus and Remus were doing
E soon the young men joined a crowd
F soon a crowd of young men had developed
G even more young men attacked the bandits
H the young men attacked even more bandits
[4]
(d) tandem … facerent (lines 5-6):
(i) write down and translate the Latin word that describes how the bandits felt.
[2]
(ii) why do you think they felt this way?
[1]
(iii) what did they do as a result of feeling like this?
[3]
(e) quamquam … traxerunt (lines 6-7):
(i) what did Romulus do?
[2]
(ii) what happened to Remus?
[3]
(f) hic … ducebat (lines 8-9):
(i) what did the bandits accuse Remus of doing?
[4]
(ii) was their accusation truthful? Explain your answer.
[2]
(g) Amulius … daret (lines 10-11):
(i) write down and translate the Latin word that refers to Remus without naming him.
[2]
(ii) what action did Amulius take?
[2]
(iii) what caused him to do this?
[3]
(iv) what did he expect to happen to Remus?
[1]
Total mark for Question 3: [35]
8 Romulus and Remus (2)
1 Numitor realises who Remus is.
1 Romulus et Remus erant fratres. Remus, a latronibus captus, ad
2 Numitorem ducebatur. Numitor, ubi verba latronum audivit, cogitabat
3 num Remus poenas dare deberet. sed latronibus non credebat. simulac
4 Remum conspexit et de fratre eius cognovit, attonitus erat.
5 ‘quis est pater tuus?’ Numitor rogavit, iam plenus spei.
6 ‘nescio,’ respondit Remus. ‘lupa nos infantes e flumine servavit.
7 deinde pastor et uxor eius nos educabant.
8 duo nepotes, quos frater Amulius in flumine necare voluerat, statim
9 in animum Numitoris venerunt; iam erat laetissimus.
Names
|
Romulus, -i m. |
Romulus |
|
Numitor, -oris m. |
Numitor |
|
Remus, -i m. |
Remus |
|
Amulius, -i m. |
Amulius |
Words
|
latro, -onis m. |
robber, bandit |
|
attonitus, -a, -um |
astonished |
|
lupa, -ae f. |
she-wolf |
|
infans, -ntis m. |
baby |
|
pastor, -oris m. |
shepherd |
|
educo, -are |
I bring up |
|
nepos, -otis m. |
grandson |
(a) Romulus … fratres (line 1): what are we told about Romulus and Remus?
[1]
(b) Remus … ducebatur (lines 1-2):
(i) what had previously happened to Remus?
[2]
(ii) what was happening to him now?
[2]
(c) Numitor … deberet (lines 2-3):
(i) which is the correct translation of ubi verba latronum audivit?
A where the words of the bandits were heard
B when the words of the bandits were heard
C where he heard the words of the bandits
D when he heard the words of the bandits
[1]
(ii) what did Numitor consider?
[2]
(d) sed … credebat (line 3): what was Numitor’s attitude towards the bandits?
[1]
(e) simulac … erat (lines 3-4): which three of the following statements are true? Write down the letters for the ones that are correct.
A Numitor caught sight of Remus
B Remus caught sight of Numitor
C Remus found out about Numitor’s brother
D Numitor found out about Remus’ brother
E Numitor was astonished
F Remus was astonished
[3]
(f) quis … spei (line 5):
(i) what question did Numitor ask?
[2]
(ii) write down and translate the two Latin words that describe Numitor.
[3]
(g) ‘nescio,’ respondit Remus (line 6): what was Remus’ reply?
[1]
(h) lupa … educabant (lines 6-7): describe the boys’ early childhood and upbringing.
[4]
(i) duo … laetissimus (lines 8-9):
(i) what image came into Numitor’s mind?
[1]
(ii) what should have happened to the boys?
[1]
(iii) why do you think Numitor felt laetissimus?
[1]
Total mark for Question 1: [25]
2 Romulus and Remus avenge Numitor and make him king.
Remus, cum cognovisset quid Amulius fecisset, iratissimus erat. statim Remus cum fratre ceterisque iuvenibus Amulium et amicos tam ferociter oppugnavit, ut brevissimo tempore regem occiderent. deinde Numitor civibus convocatis narravit omnia quae acciderat. ubi Romulus Remusque per turbam ambulantes Numitorem regem salutaverunt, cives gaudentes plauserunt.
cum Numitor esset rex Albae Longae, Romulus et Remus sibi novam urbem aedificare volebant, prope flumen in quo lupa eos invenerat. sed quod fratres erant gemini, difficile erat constituere uter dux esse deberet. deos igitur oraverunt ut sibi signum darent. quamquam Remus sex vultures a deis missos vidit, Romulus duodecim conspexit. Romulus igitur a civibus rex salutabatur.
Names
|
Alba Longa, Albae Longae f. |
Alba Longa (a city near Rome) |
Words
|
plaudo, -ere, -si |
I clap, applaud |
|
lupa, -ae f. |
she-wolf |
|
gemini, -orum m. pl. |
twins |
|
uter, -ra, -rum |
which one |
|
vultur, -uris m. |
vulture |
|
duodecim |
twelve |
Total mark for Question 2: [40]
3 Romulus and Remus quarrel, with fatal results.
1 Remus non erat laetus, quod frater, non ipse, iam dux erat inter cives
2 novae urbis. hoc accipere nolebat. ubi muros urbis conspexit, quos
3 Romulus et amici eius aedificabant, eos sprevit.
4 ‘ecce!’ clamavit Remus, ‘hi muri sunt minimi: ego facile possum eos
5 transilire.’
6 Romulus tam iratus erat, cum fratrem muros transilientem vidisset, ut
7 eum statim necaret. ita Romulus solus imperium habebat. cives urbi
8 novae nomen ‘Romam’ dederunt, quod fideles Romulo erant. paucis
9 annis haec urbs potentior erat quam omnes aliae.
Words
|
sperno, -ere, sprevi |
I mock, laugh at |
|
ecce! |
look! |
|
transilio, -ire |
I jump over |
|
potens, -ntis |
powerful |
(a) Remus … urbis (lines 1-2): why was Remus unhappy?
[5]
(b) Which is the correct translation of hoc accipere nolebat (line 2)?
A he didn’t want to receive this
B he refused to accept this
C this was accepted knowledge
D he received this knowledge
[1]
(c) ubi … sprevit (lines 2-3): which three of the following statements are true? Write down the letters for the ones that are correct.
A Remus caught sight of the city walls
B Romulus caught sight of the city walls
C Romulus was building the walls for his friends
D Romulus and his friends were building the walls
E Remus mocked the walls
F Romulus mocked the walls
[3]
(d) ecce … transilire (lines 4-5):
(i) write down and translate the Latin word that describes the walls.
[3]
(ii) write down an English word that comes from facile.
[1]
(iii) what did Remus say he could easily do?
[1]
(e) Romulus … necaret (lines 6-7):
(i) how did Romulus feel?
[1]
(ii) why did he feel this way?
[3]
(iii) what did he do as a result?
[2]
(f) ita … habebat (line 7): how did Romulus’ situation change?
[3]
(g) cives … erant (lines 7-8):
(i) what did the citizens do?
[3]
(ii) why did they do this?
[3]
(h) paucis … aliae (lines 8-9):
(i) how long did it take for things to change?
[2]
(ii) how did Rome change in that time?
[4]
Total mark for Question 3: [35]
9 How the new city of Rome gained citizens
1 Romulus’ new city, called Rome, lacks citizens, and so he attracts young men from the surrounding lands.
1 Romulus erat dux novae urbis. Romulus, quamquam paucos
2 amicos habebat, qui eum adiuverant ut Amulium vinceret, plures cives
3 habere cupiebat. in urbe igitur asylum aperuit. multi homines ab urbibus
4 finitimis ad asylum mox fugiebant. horum hominum multi erant servi, qui
5 a dominis effugerant; alii scelesti erant, qui pecuniam abstulerant aut
6 homines occiderant. Romulus omnes libenter accipiebat. sed erant
7 nullae feminae. brevi tempore Romulus cogitare coepit, quo modo
8 feminis persuadere posset, ut ad urbem venirent.
Names
|
Romulus, -i m. |
Romulus |
|
Amulius, -i m. |
Amulius |
Words
|
asylum, -i n. |
refuge, safe area |
|
finitimus, -a, -um |
neighbouring |
|
scelestus, -a, -um |
wicked |
|
aut |
or |
(a) How is Romulus described in the first sentence?
[3]
(b) Romulus, quamquam … cupiebat (lines 1-3): which three of the following statements are true? Write down the letters for the ones that are correct.
A Romulus had a few friends
B Romulus had more than a few friends
C the friends had helped Romulus to defeat Amulius
D Romulus had helped his friends to defeat Amulius
E more citizens wanted to live there
F Romulus wanted to have more citizens
[3]
(c) in urbe … aperuit (line 3): what did Romulus do?
[2]
(d) multi … fugiebant (lines 3-4): explain how the new city gained more citizens.
[4]
(e) horum … occiderant (lines 4-6): give full details of the two groups of people who came to the city.
[6]
(f) Which is the correct translation of Romulus omnes libenter accipiebat (line 6)?
A Romulus had accepted them all gladly
B they all received Romulus gladly
C Romulus accepted them all gladly
D Romulus accepted all the freedmen
[1]
(g) sed … feminae (lines 6-7): what problem was there?
[2]
(h) brevi … venirent (lines 7-8): what did Romulus start to consider?
[4]
Total mark for Question 1: [25]
2 Romulus now solves the problem of the shortage of women.
iam erant multi viri in urbe Roma, sed nullae feminae. Romulus igitur nuntios ad omnes urbes finitimas misit, ut cives Romam ad magnum spectaculum invitarent. plurimae familiae a multis urbibus Romam iter fecerunt, non solum ut spectaculum sed etiam ut novam urbem viderent. Romani eos in domos suas laete acceperunt. cum novum forum et omnia templa conspexissent, attoniti erant, quod urbs tam celeriter creverat. ubi omnes parati erant spectaculum spectare, Romulus signum dedit. subito iuvenes Romani ad familias cucurrerunt. omnes virgines, quae cum parentibus Romam venerant, raptas ad domos suas portaverunt. parentes earum, qui nulla arma secum habebant, discesserunt tristissimi. iuvenes Romani nunc uxores habebant.
Words
|
finitimus, -a, -um |
neighbouring |
|
spectaculum, -i n. |
show, games |
|
invito, -are |
I invite |
|
familia, -ae f. |
family |
|
attonitus, -a, -um |
astonished |
|
cresco, -ere, crevi |
I grow |
|
virgo, -inis f. |
maiden, young woman |
|
parens, -ntis m. |
parent |
|
arma, -orum n.pl. |
arms, weapons |
Total mark for Question 2: [40]
3 Peace is finally achieved.
1 parentes, quorum filias Romani abstulerant, tam irati erant ut
2 ducibus urbium suarum persuaderent, ut Romam oppugnarent. Romani
3 tamen eos facile vicerunt. novae uxores Romanorum, quamquam
4 iuvenes eas tam crudeliter rapuerant, iam laetiores erant, quod mariti
5 eis amorem et dona et pulchras domos dederant. feminae igitur, cum
6 parentes iterum cum maiore exercitu advenissent, in medium proelium
7 cucurrerunt, patres maritosque orantes ut pacem facerent.
8 ‘nos,’ inquiunt, ‘sumus causa belli. in nos iram gladiosque vertite.
9 melius est nobis perire quam sine maritis, sine patribus vivere.’
10 postquam haec verba audiverunt, duces pacem fecerunt.
Words
|
parens, -ntis m. |
parent |
|
exercitus, -us m. |
army |
|
proelium, -i n. |
battle |
|
causa, -ae f. |
cause |
(a) parentes … oppugnarent (lines 1-2):
(i) what had happened to the daughters?
[2]
(ii) how did that make their parents feel?
[1]
(iii) what did the parents do as a result?
[5]
(b) Romani … vicerunt (lines 2-3): what happened in this first battle?
[2]
(c) novae … dederant (lines 3-5):
(i) write down and translate the Latin adjective that tells us how the new wives of the Romans felt.
[3]
(ii) what was surprising about the fact that they felt this way?
[2]
(iii) why did they feel this way?
[5]
(d) feminae … facerent (lines 5-7):
(i) which four of the following statements are true? Write down the letters for the ones that are correct.
A the parents of the women were travelling
B the parents of the women arrived again
C they had a larger army than before
D they had a better army than before
E the parents ran into the middle of the battle
F the women ran into the middle of the battle
G the fathers were begging the husbands
H the women were begging fathers and husbands
[4]
(ii) write down an English word that comes from maritos.
[1]
(e) Which is the correct translation of nos sumus causa belli (line 8)?
A we are the cause of the war
B our war is a just cause
C the war has caused us to be here
D our beauty is the cause
[1]
(f) in nos … vertite (line 8):
(i) who is / are speaking these words?
[1]
(ii) what two groups are being addressed?
[2]
(iii) what are these two groups being told to do?
[2]
(g) melius … vivere (line 9): what is the argument here?
[3]
(h) postquam … fecerunt (line 10): what was the final outcome?
[1]
Total mark for Question 3: [35]
10 The story of Lars Porsenna
1 The Etruscans, thrown out of Rome, seek the help of Porsenna.
1 Lars Porsenna erat rex Clusii. haec urbs, quam Etrusci multis annis
2 antea aedificaverant, iam magnum imperium habebat. Porsenna ipse
3 erat Etruscus. ubi Romani, post longum bellum, regem suum,
4 Tarquinium, expulerunt, ille, quod erat Etruscus, ad Porsennam
5 festinavit, ut auxilium eius peteret.
6 ‘ego,’ inquit, ‘sum Etruscus; tu quoque es Etruscus. nos una
7 pugnare debemus.’
8 Porsenna, qui imperium crescens Romae timebat, libenter
9 consensit. magnum exercitum igitur in agros Romanorum duxit. tanta
10 erat fama Porsennae, ut Romani timerent.
Names
|
Lars Porsenna, Lartis Porsennae m. |
Lars Porsenna |
|
Clusium, -i n. |
Clusium (a city near Rome) |
|
Etrusci, -orum m.pl. |
the Etruscans (a race of people who lived in central Italy) |
|
Etruscus, -a, -um |
Etruscan |
|
Tarquinius, -i m. |
Tarquinius (the last king of Rome) |
|
expello, -ere, -puli |
I drive out |
|
una |
together |
|
cresco, -ere |
I grow |
|
consentio, -ire, -sensi |
I agree |
|
exercitus, -us m. |
army |
|
agri, -orum m.pl. |
territory |
|
fama, -ae f. |
reputation |
(a) Lars … Clusii (line 1): who was Lars Porsenna?
[1]
(b) haec … habebat (lines 1-2):
(i) what are we told about the previous history of Clusium?
[3]
(ii) what was it like now?
[2]
(c) ubi … peteret (lines 3-5): which four of the following statements are true? Write down the letters for the ones that are correct.
A the Romans fought a long war
B there was a long war after these events
C the Romans drove out their king
D the Roman king drove out Tarquinius
E Tarquinius was a king of Clusium
F Tarquinius went to Porsenna because Porsenna was Etruscan
G Porsenna wanted Tarquinius’ help
H Tarquinius wanted Porsenna’s help
[4]
(d) ego … debemus (lines 6-7):
(i) who speaks these words?
[1]
(ii) what does the speaker think they should do?
[1]
(iii) what reason does he give for this?
[1]
(e) Porsenna … consensit (lines 8-9):
(i) why was Porsenna ready to do as he was asked?
[3]
(ii) write down and translate the Latin word that tells us how keen Porsenna was to do as he was asked.
[2]
(f) magnum … duxit (line 9): what did Porsenna do?
[3]
(g) tanta … timerent (lines 9-10):
(i) what effect did Porsenna have when he arrived?
[2]
(ii) why did he have this effect?
[2]
Total mark for Question 1: [25]
2 Porsenna attacks Rome but the only way in is defended by Horatius.
cum Porsenna Romae appropinquaret, omnes cives Romani ex agris in urbem fugerunt. quamquam Porsenna urbem vehementer oppugnavit, intrare non poterat, quod pars urbis muris, pars flumine muniebatur. sed unus pons erat, qui hostibus viam ad mediam urbem dare poterat. pauci milites Romani hunc pontem custodiebant; simulatque hostes ex agris ad pontem currentes conspexerunt, fugere coeperunt. Horatius tamen, qui forte aderat, eos oravit ut manerent.
‘si vultis,’ inquit, ‘omnes hostes in media urbe nostra videre, fugite; si tamen libertatem cupitis, mecum manete pontemque delete.’
Romani, his verbis victi, pontem gladiis manibusque delere coeperunt. interea Horatius in ponte solus stabat, hostes exspectans.
Name
|
Horatius, -i m. |
Horatius |
Words
|
ager, -ri m. |
field |
|
munio, -ire |
I defend |
|
pons, -tis m. |
bridge |
|
custodio, -ire |
I guard |
|
libertas, -atis f. |
freedom |
Total mark for Question 2: [40]
3 Porsenna is defeated by the bravery first of Horatius, then of Mucius.
1 Horatius hostibus diu resistebat. ubi tandem pons decidebat, in flumen
2 desiluit. iam Porsenna flumen transire non poterat.
3 deinde Porsenna urbem obsidere coepit. multos post dies iuvenis
4 Romanus, Mucius nomine, Porsennam occidere constituit. regi
5 comitibusque clam appropinquavit sed, cum nesciret quis esset rex,
6 non regem sed scribam eius necavit. Porsenna militibus imperavit ut
7 iuvenem captum necarent.
8 ‘me necare potes,’ clamavit Mucius, ‘sed sunt multi alii iuvenes
9 Romani, qui te necare volunt. necesse est tibi semper cavere.’
10 Porsenna tam perterritus erat, ut milites suos ab urbe statim duceret.
11 numquam iterum Romam oppugnavit.
Names
|
Mucius, -i m. |
Mucius |
Words
|
pons, -tis m. |
bridge |
|
decido, -ere, -cidi |
I fall down |
|
desilio, -ire, -ui |
I jump down |
|
obsideo, -ere |
I besiege, blockade |
|
clam |
furtively |
|
scriba, -ae m. |
secretary |
|
necesse |
necessary |
|
caveo, -ere |
I watch out, am careful |
(a) Horatius … resistebat (line 1): write down and translate the Latin word that tells us how long Horatius resisted.
[2]
(b) Which is the best translation of ubi tandem pons decidebat (line 1)?
A when however the bridge began to fall down
B when the bridge was finally falling down
C when the bridge had finally fallen down
D however, when the bridge was falling down
[1]
(c) iam … poterat (line 2): what effect did the collapse of the bridge have?
[4]
(d) deinde … coepit (line 3): what happened next?
[2]
(e) multos … constituit (lines 3-4):
(i) which three of the following statements are true? Write down the letters for the ones that are correct.
A many gods stood behind them
B many days passed
C Mucius was a young Roman
D the Romans gave the name Mucius to many young men
E Porsenna decided to kill Mucius
F Mucius decided to kill Porsenna
[3]
(ii) write down an English word that comes from multos.
[1]
(f) regi … necavit (lines 4-6):
(i) which is the correct translation of regi comitibusque appropinquavit?
A the king approached his companions
B the king and his companions approached
C he approached the king and his companions
D the king and his companions were approached
[1]
(ii) what problem did Mucius have?
[3]
(iii) what happened as a result of this problem?
[2]
(g) Porsenna … necarent (lines 6-7): what did Porsenna do?
[4]
(h) me … volunt (lines 8-9):
(i) what did Mucius tell Porsenna to do?
[1]
(ii) what threat did Mucius make to Porsenna?
[6]
(i) Porsenna … oppugnavit (lines 10-11):
(i) write down the Latin word that describes Porsenna.
[1]
(ii) what did Porsenna do?
[3]
(iii) what did he not do again?
[1]
Total mark for Question 3: [35]