|
711 |
Moors invade and conquer most of the Iberian peninsula. |
|
1085 |
Christians recapture Toledo. |
|
1236–48 |
Key cities of Andalusia such as Cordoba (1236), Murcia (1241) and Seville (1248) recaptured by the Christians. |
|
1391 |
Riots against the Jews of Spain, beginning in Seville and spreading elsewhere in the country; many Jews convert to Christianity. |
|
1449 |
Riots against the conversos of Toledo; the authorities in Toledo issue a statute barring conversos from official positions. |
|
1453 |
Turkish forces capture Constantinople from the Christians. |
|
1474 |
Henry IV, king of Castile dies; his half-sister Isabella and purported daughter Juana ‘la Beltraneja’ fight for the crown. Juana is supported by the Portuguese, but the faction behind Isabella wins at the Battle of Toro in 1476. |
|
1478 |
Sixtus IV issues a papal bull permitting the establishment of the Inquisition in Spain on 1 November. |
|
1480 |
The first inquisitors of Castile, Miguel de Murillo and Juan de San Martín, are appointed. |
|
1481 |
First autos-da-fé held in Seville. |
|
1483 |
Jews expelled from Andalusia. |
|
1484 |
Torquemada issues the first instructions for the operation of the Spanish Inquisition. |
|
1485 |
Assassination in Zaragoza of Pedro de Arbues, inquisitor of Aragon; large numbers of autos follow over the next few years. |
|
1492 |
In January Ferdinand and Isabella conquer the last Moorish kingdom of Spain, Granada. The Jews are expelled from Spain in August, and many of them go to Portugal. Columbus ‘discovers’ America. |
|
1494 |
Treaty of Tordesillas divides the world of the discoveries between Spain and Portugal, with Spain responsible for most of America and Portugal for Africa and Asia. |
|
1497 |
Forcible conversion of the Jews of Portugal. |
|
1502 |
Expulsion of all Muslims from Granada. |
|
1504 |
Tribunal of the Spanish Inquisition founded in the Canaries. |
|
1504–6 |
Inquisitor Lucero sentences hundreds of people to death for Judaizing in Cordoba; riots break out and Lucero is forced to flee. |
|
1506 |
Approximately 2,000 conversos killed by mobs in Lisbon. |
|
1510 |
Portugal conquers Goa under Afonso de Albuquerque. |
|
1517 |
On 31 October Martin Luther posts his 95 Theses on the door of the castle in Wittenberg. |
|
1520–2 |
Civil wars in Aragon and Castile led by comuneros and germanías against the court of Charles V; in Aragon and Valencia the germanías forcibly baptize many Muslims. |
|
1522 |
Charles V of Spain bans conversos or moriscos from legally emigrating to the New World. |
|
1524 |
First alumbrado arrested by the Spanish Inquisition. |
|
1525 |
Spanish Inquisition issues first edict of faith regarding alumbrados. |
|
1526 |
Expulsion of all Muslims from the kingdom of Aragon. A meeting in Granada draws up a series of repressive measures to be directed at the cultural practices of moriscos. |
|
1528 |
First auto in the New World: two conversos burnt in Mexico City. |
|
1529–36 |
Purges of the followers of Erasmus by the Inquisition in Spain. |
|
1536 |
Papacy gives permission for a Portuguese Inquisition with reduced powers. |
|
1540 |
First auto-da-fé in Lisbon. |
|
1543 |
First burning ordered under inquisitorial law in Goa. |
|
1547 |
Papacy gives permission for a Portuguese Inquisition with full powers. A statute of purity of blood is promulgated in the cathedral of Toledo. |
|
1547–66 |
Fernando de Valdés, inquisitor-general of Spain, pushes through many important reforms of the Inquisition. |
|
1551 |
Jurisdiction of the Tribunal of Lisbon is expanded toencompass Portugal’s Atlantic islands (Azores and Madeira), Angola, Brazil, Cape Verde, Guinea and São Tomé. |
|
1553 |
Inquisitor-General Valdés introduces the Concordia, which standardizes the use of familiars across Spain. |
|
1557 |
Holy Roman Emperor Charles V retires as king of Spain and is replaced by his son Philip II. |
|
1559 |
Great autos in Valladolid and Seville. Archbishop Carranza of Toledo is arrested by the Inquisition. The most detailed index of censorship to date is published in Spain. |
|
1560 |
First inquisitors appointed to Goa by the Portuguese Inquisition. |
|
1561 |
Inquisitor-General Valdés issues General Instructions which standardize inquisitorial procedures. |
|
1566 |
The measures drawn up in Granada in 1526 on the moriscos are implemented. |
|
1568–70 |
Uprising of the moriscos of Andalusia; after their defeat, most are dispersed throughout the rest of Spain. |
|
1569 |
Foundation of the Tribunal of the Inquisition in Lima, Peru. |
|
1571 |
Foundation of the Tribunal of the Inquisition in Mexico City. |
|
1576 |
Carranza is finally sentenced to abjure in Rome in April, and dies 18 days later. |
|
1580 |
The crowns of Portugal and Spain are united under Philip II. |
|
1591–5 |
Inquisitorial officials dispatched to the Azores, Brazil and Madeira from Lisbon to perform trials and receive denunciations. |
|
1609 |
Foundation of the Tribunal of the Inquisition in Cartagena de las Indias, in modern Colombia. |
|
1609–14 |
The moriscos of Spain are expelled, beginning in Valencia (1609) and ending in Murcia (1614). |
|
1610 |
Grand auto in Logroño sees the last ever burning of witches by the Inquisition in Spain. |
|
1618, 1627 |
Further inquisitorial visits to Brazil. |
|
1633 |
Philip IV of Spain orders the Council of the Inquisition to create two courts, one of which deals solely with handling proofs of genealogy. |
|
1636–49 |
Portuguese communities throughout Latin America are persecuted by the Inquisition. Great autos in Lima (1639) and Mexico City (1649). |
|
1640 |
Portugal begins its war of independence against Spain. |
|
1648 |
Spain recognizes the independence of the Dutch United Provinces. |
|
1650–1700 |
Decline of Portuguese power in the Estado da Índia. |
|
1668 |
Spain recognizes Portugal’s independence. |
|
1680 |
Grand auto of Madrid, perhaps the most lavish auto in the history of the Inquisition. |
|
1700–46 |
Reign of Philip V of Spain. Rekindling of the Inquisition, with 54 autos and 79 people ‘relaxed’. |
|
1701–14 |
War of the Spanish Succession. |
|
1713–15 |
Melchor de Macanaz, minister of state of Philip V of Spain, proposes reforms of the Inquisition; the Inquisition launches a case against him. |
|
1743–4 |
Trial of Freemasons in Portugal. |
|
1751 |
Edict issued against Freemasons in Spain. |
|
1755 |
Great earthquake destroys Lisbon on 1 November. |
|
1756 |
The works of Diderot, Montesquieu, Rousseau and Voltaire are banned by the Spanish Inquisition. |
|
1759 |
Jesuits expelled from Portugal. |
|
1761 |
Last burning of a relajado at an inquisitorial auto in Portugal. |
|
1767 |
Jesuits expelled from Spain. |
|
1773 |
Decree issued in Portugal removing legal distinctions between Old Christians and conversos. |
|
1776–80 |
Arrest, trial and penance of Pablo de Olavide in Spain. |
|
1789 |
French Revolution. |
|
1807 |
Napoleon invades Portugal; the Portuguese royal family flees to Brazil. |
|
1808 |
Napoleon invades Spain and installs his brother as puppet king. On 4 December the new regime issues a decree abolishing the Inquisition. |
|
1810 |
Decree permitting freedom of the press is promulgated at Cádiz on 18 October. |
|
1812 |
Liberal constitution proclaimed at Cádiz on 12 March. The Tribunal of Goa is definitively abolished on 16 June. |
|
1813 |
A decree abolishing the Spanish Inquisition is approved by the parliament in Cádiz. |
|
1820 |
Ferdinand VII is forced to accept the liberal constitution after a revolt in Cádiz. On 9 March he passes a decree suppressing the Inquisition in Spain. |
|
1821 |
Official abolition of the Inquisition in Portugal. |
|
1834 |
Law abolishing the Inquisition is formally passed in Spain. |