Introduction
1. Winston Churchill quoted in ‘Magna Carta Quotations’, magnacarta800th. com.
2. Danny Danziger and John Gillingham, 1215: The Year of Magna Carta.
3. Ibid.
4. Ibid.
5. Marc Morris, King John: Treachery, Tyranny and the Road to Magna Carta.
6. Nicholas Vincent, ‘Tournaments, Ladies and Bears’, and ‘King John’s Diary and Itinerary’, The Magna Carta Project, magnacartaresearch.org, accessed 27 November 2018.
Chapter 1: King John – The Path to the Throne
1. Alison Weir, Britain’s Royal Families: The Complete Genealogy.
2. Morris, King John.
3. Gillingham, John, ‘John (1167–1216)’, Oxforddnb.com.
4. Ibid.
5. Ibid.
6. Giraldus Cambrensis, The Conquest of Ireland, translated by Thomas Forester.
7. Ibid.
8. Ibid.
9. Ibid.
10. Ibid.
11. Ibid.
12. Ibid.
13. Benedict of Peterborough, Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi, Benedicti Abbatis, The Chronicle of the Reigns of Henry II and Richard I A.D. 1169–1192: Known Commonly Under the Name of Benedict of Peterborough, edited by W. Stubbs.
14. Giraldus Cambrensis, The Conquest of Ireland.
15. Ibid.
16. Joyce Marlow, Kings and Queens of Britain.
17. Ibid.
18. Gillingham, ‘John’.
19. William of Newburgh, quoted in Morris, King John.
20. Ibid.
21. Richard of Devizes in Chronicles of the Reigns of Stephen, Henry II and Richard I.
22. Morris, King John.
23. Elizabeth Hallam (editor), The Plantagenet Chronicles.
24. Richard of Devizes in Chronicles of the Reigns of Stephen, Henry II and Richard I.
25. Morris, King John.
26. Ibid.
27. Ibid.
28. Ibid.
29. Gillingham, ‘John’.
30. Morris, King John.
31.Ibid.
32. Ibid.
33. Ibid.
34. Roger of Hoveden, The Annals of Roger de Hoveden: Comprising the History of England and of other Countries of Europe from A.D. 732 to A.D. 1201, translated by Henry T. Riley.
35. Ibid.
36. L’Histoire de Guillaume le Maréchale quoted in Morris, King John.
37. Ibid.
Chapter 2: The Road to Magna Carta
1. Morris, King John.
2. Ibid.
3. David Crouch, William Marshal.
4. Danziger and Gillingham, 1215.
5. Ibid.
6. Ralph of Coggeshall quoted in Morris, King John.
7. Gervase of Canterbury quoted in Morris, King John.
8. Hallam, The Plantagenet Chronicles.
9. Ralph of Coggeshall quoted in Morris, King John.
10. Ralph of Coggeshall quoted in Hallam, The Plantagenet Chronicles.
11. Ibid.
12. Ibid.
13. Ibid.
14. Sharon Bennett Connolly, Heroines of the Medieval World.
15. Ralph of Coggeshall quoted in Hallam, The Plantagenet Chronicles.
16. Ibid.
17. Morris, King John.
18. Ralph of Coggeshall quoted in Hallam, The Plantagenet Chronicles.
19. Ibid.
20. Ibid.
21. Gillingham, ‘John’.
22. Ibid.
23. Ibid.
24. Ibid.
25. Gervase of Canterbury quoted in Hallam, The Plantagenet Chronicles.
26. Ibid.
27. Gillingham, ‘John’.
28. The Barnwell annalist quoted in Hallam, The Plantagenet Chronicles.
29. Ibid.
30. S. Mac Airt, Annals of Innisfallen, quoted in Gillingham, ‘John’.
31. Memoriale fratis Walteri de Coventria quoted in Gillingham, ‘John’.
32. David Hillman, Kings, Queens, Bones and Bastards.
33. The Barnwell annalist quoted in Hallam, The Plantagenet Chronicles.
34. Ibid.
35. Ibid.
36. Ibid.
37. Ibid.
38. Gillingham, ‘John’.
39. Morris, King John.
40. The Barnwell annalist quoted in Hallam, The Plantagenet Chronicles.
41. Gillingham, ‘John’.
42. L’Histoire de Guillaume le Maréchale quoted in Gillingham, ‘John’.
43. Coronation Charter of Henry I in bl.uk.
44. Select Charters quoted in Morris, King John.
45. The Barnwell annalist quoted in Hallam, The Plantagenet Chronicles.
46. Danziger and Gillingham, 1215.
47. Letter from Pope Innocent III, quoted in Danziger and Gillingham, 1215.
48. Gillingham, ‘John’.
49. Ralph of Coggeshall quoted in Hallam, The Plantagenet Chronicles.
50. Matthew Paris’s Chronicon quoted in Gillingham, ‘John’.
51. Ralph of Coggeshall quoted in Hallam, The Plantagenet Chronicles.
Chapter 3: The Fall of the Braose Family
1. Ralph V. Turner, ‘William de Briouze [Braose] (d. 1211)’, Oxforddnb.com.
2. Ibid.
3. Ibid.
4. Anonymous of Béthune paraphrased in Morris, King John.
5. Turner, ‘William de Briouze’.
6. Ibid.
7. David Nash Ford, ‘Matilda de St Valery, Lady Bergavenny (c. 1153–1210)’, berkshirehistory.com, 2003.
8. Ralph of Diceto quoted in Hallam, The Plantagenet Chronicles.
9. Gerald of Wales quoted in Louise J. Wilkinson, Women in Thirteenth-Century Lincolnshire.
10. Thomas Asbridge, The Greatest Knight: The Remarkable Life of William Marshal, The Power Behind Five English Thrones.
11. Rotuli de oblatis et finibus, quoted in Turner, ‘William de Briouze’.
12. Ibid.
13. Ralph of Coggeshall quoted in Hallam, The Plantagenet Chronicles.
14. L’Histoire de Guillaume le Maréchale quoted by Gillingham, ‘John’.
15. Ralph of Coggeshall quoted in Hallam, The Plantagenet Chronicles.
16. The Annals of Margam, Annales Monastici, translated by Rich Price.
17. Roger of Wendover, Roger of Wendover’s Flowers of History: Comprising the History of England from the Descent of the Saxons to A.D. 1235, vol. II, edited and translated by J.A. Giles.
18. Roger of Wendover quoted in Morris, King John.
19. Morris, King John.
20. Ibid.
21. King John quoted in Morris, King John.
22. Ibid.
23. Anonymous of Béthune quoted in Morris, King John.
24. Magna Carta, British Library, transcript from bl.uk.
25. Nicholas Vincent, ‘From the Tower: John Sends a Coded Message to his Queen’, magnacartaresearch.org.
26. Morris, King John.
27. David Crouch, ‘Robert de Breteuil, fourth Earl of Leicester (d. 1204)’, Oxforddnb.com.
28. Ibid.
29. Susan M. Johns, ‘Loretta de Briouze, Countess of Leicester (d. in or after 1266)’, Oxforddnb.com.
30. Crouch, ‘Robert de Breteuil (d. 1204)’.
31. Ibid.
32. Johns, ‘Loretta de Briouze’.
33. Nicholas Vincent, ‘John Deals with Loretta de Braose and Isaac of Norwich’, The Magna Carta Project, magnacarta.cmp.uea.ac.uk.
34. Morris, King John.
35. Ibid.
36. Johns, ‘Loretta de Briouze’.
37. Janina Ramirez, Julian of Norwich: A Very Brief History.
38. Johns, ‘Loretta de Briouze’.
39. Ancrene Wisse: Guide for Anchoresses, translated by Hugh White.
40. Johns, ‘Loretta de Briouze’.
41. Paraphrased from De adventu Fratrum monirum in Johns, ‘Loretta de Briouze’.
42. Ibid.
43. Doug Thompson, ‘Annora de Braose Married to Hugh de Mortimer’, douglyn.co.uk/Braose, accessed 06/05/2019.
44. Ibid.
Chapter 4: Nicholaa de la Haye
1. Wilkinson, Women in Thirteenth-Century Lincolnshire.
2. Ibid.
3. Brian Golding, ‘Gerard de Canville (d. 1214)’, Oxforddnb.com.
4. Nicholas Vincent, ‘Richard de Canville (d. 1191)’, Oxforddnb.com.
5. Wilkinson, Women in Thirteenth-Century Lincolnshire.
6. In Latin: ‘cum custodia et constabularia ca[ste] Ui Lincolnie’. Wilkinson, Women in Thirteenth-Century Lincolnshire.
7. In Latin: ‘pro vicecomitatu Loncolnie et castello civitatis habendis’. Wilkinson, Women in Thirteenth-Century Lincolnshire.
8. Richard of Devizes quoted in Wilkinson, Women in Thirteenth-Century Lincolnshire.
9. William of Newburgh quoted in Golding, ‘Gerard de Canville’.
10. In Latin: ‘uxor eius Nicholaa nichil femineum cogitans, castellum viriliter custodiebat’. Richard of Devizes quoted in Wilkinson, Women in Thirteenth-Century Lincolnshire.
11. Ibid.
12. Morris, King John.
13. Richard of Devizes in The Chronicles of the Reigns of Stephen, Henry II and Richard I.
14. Morris, King John.
15. Susan M. Johns, ‘Nicola de la Haie (d. 1230), landowner’, Oxforddnb.com.
16. Golding, ‘Gerard de Canville’.
17. Wilkinson, Women in Thirteenth-Century Lincolnshire.
18. Ibid.
19. Letter of 5 April 1216. Price, Rich, King John’s Letters, Facebook Study Group, 5 April 2019.
20. Letter of 16 April 1216. Price, King John’s Letters.
21. Ibid.
22. Dan Jones, The Plantagenets: The Kings Who Made England.
23. Letter of 4 February 1216. Price, King John’s Letters.
24. Letter of 22 February 1216. Price, King John’s Letters.
25. Hallam, The Plantagenet Chronicles.
26. Letter of 4 September 1216. Price, King John’s Letters.
27. Hallam, The Plantagenet Chronicles.
28. Rotuli hundredonum, 1.315 quoted in Johns, ‘Nicola de la Haie’; and Irene Gladwin, The Sheriff: The Man and his Office.
29. Golding, ‘Gerard de Canville’.
30. Wilkinson, Women in Thirteenth-Century Lincolnshire.
31. Letter of 12 February 1217. Price, King John’s Letters.
32. Letter of 12 February 1217. Price, King John’s Letters.
33. Historical Collections of Walter of Coventry, edited by W. Stubbs.
34. Thomas Asbridge, The Greatest Knight.
35. William Marshal quoted in Asbridge, The Greatest Knight.
36. David Crouch and Anthony J., History of William Marshal: Text and Translation.
37. William Marshal quoted in Asbridge, The Greatest Knight.
38. Ibid.
39. Elizabeth Hallam, Chronicles of the Age of Chivalry.
40. Anonymous de Béthuune quoted in Wilkinson, Women in Thirteenth-Century Lincolnshire.
41. Annales Monastici: Annales prioratus de Dunstaplia (A.D. 1–1297), Annales monasterii de Bermundesia (A.D. 1042–1432), edited by Henry Richards Luard.
42. catherinehanley.co.uk/historical-background/nicola-de-la-haye.
43. www.finerollshenry3.org.uk/content/calendar/roll_030.html#it072_008a. Membrane 8.
44. Wilkinson, Women in Thirteenth-Century Lincolnshire.
45. Histoire de Guillaume le Maréchal, quoted in Wilkinson, Women in Thirteenth-Century Lincolnshire.
Chapter 5: Ela of Salisbury
1. ‘Ela, Countess of Salisbury’, medievalwomen.org.
2. Emilie Amt, ‘Patrick Salisbury, first Earl of Salisbury [Earl of Wiltshire] (d. 1168)’, Oxforddnb.com.
3. ‘Ela, Countess of Salisbury’, medievalwomen.org.
4. W.L. Bowles and J.G. Nicholls, Annals and Antiquities of Lacock Abbey, quoted in Ally McConnell, ‘The Life of Ela, Countess of Salisbury’, Wiltshire and Swindon History Centre, wshc.eu, 15 September 2015.
5. ‘Ela, Countess of Salisbury’, medievalwomen.org.
6. Matthew Strickland, ‘William Longespée [Lungespée], third earl of Salisbury (b. in or before 1167, d. 1226)’, Oxforddnb.com.
7. Ibid.
8. Ibid.
9. Ibid.
10. Ibid.
11. Ibid.
12. Ibid.
13. David Crouch, William Marshal, third edition.
14. Strickland, ‘William Longespée’.
15. Ibid.
16. David Crouch and Anthony J. Holden, History of William Marshal: Text and Translation
17. Strickland, ‘William Longespée’.
18. With thanks to Rich Price for clarification of events. Rich is currently translating King John’s letters.
19. Strickland, ‘William Longespée’.
20. Crouch, William Marshal.
21. Roger of Wendover, Flowers of History, vol. II, translated by J.A. Giles.
22. B.R. Kemp, ‘Nicholas Longespée (d. 1297)’, Oxforddnb.com.
23. Letter of 22 February 1216. Price, King John’s Letters.
24. William Farrer and Charles Travis Clay, editors, Early Yorkshire Charters, Volume 8: The Honour of Warenne.
25. Magna Carta, British Library, transcript from bl.uk.
26. Bowles and Nicholls, Annals and Antiquities of Lacock Abbey, quoted in McConnell, The Life of Ela.
27. ‘Ela, Countess of Salisbury’, medievalwomen.org.
28. Wilkinson, Women in Thirteenth-Century Lincolnshire.
29. ‘Ela, Countess of Salisbury’, medievalwomen.org.
30. finerollshenry3.org.uk content/calendar/roll_027.html#it003_009, 29 Oct. 1227.
31. The National Archives, Ref: WARD 2/27/94B/137.
32. Ibid., WARD 2/27/94B/28.
33. ‘Ela, Countess of Salisbury’, medievalwomen.org.
34. The National Archives, Ref: WARD 2/27/94B/146.
35. Jennifer C. Ward, ‘Ela, suo jure Countess of Salisbury (b. in or after 1190, d. 1261)’, Oxforddnb.com, October 2009.
36. ‘Ela of Salisbury’, stanfordmagnacarta.worpress.com.
37. ‘Ela, Countess of Salisbury’, medievalwomen.org.
Chapter 6: The Marshal Sisters
1. Crouch and Holden, History of William Marshal.
2. Crouch, David, William Marshal.
3. Ibid.
4. Ibid.
5. Ibid.
6. Ibid.
7. David Crouch, ‘William Marshal [called the Marshal], fourth earl of Pembroke (c. 1146–1219)’, Oxforddnb.com.
8. Crouch, William Marshal.
9. Crouch, ‘William Marshal’.
10. Crouch and Holden, History of William Marshal.
11. Crouch, ‘William Marshal’.
12. Roger of Hovedon, Annales.
13. Crouch, ‘William Marshal’.
14. Ibid.
15. Ibid.
16. Crouch and Holden, History of William Marshal.
17. M.T. Flanagan, ‘Isabel de Clare, suo jure countess of Pembroke (1171x6–1220)’, Oxforddnb.com.
18. Crouch, ‘William Marshal’.
19. Asbridge, The Greatest Knight.
20. Crouch, ‘William Marshal’.
21. Crouch and Holden, History of William Marshal.
22. L’Histoire de Guillaume le Maréchale quoted in Morris, King John.
23. Ibid.
24. Crouch, ‘William Marshal’.
25. Ibid.
26. Crouch and Holden, History of William Marshal.
27. Crouch, ‘William Marshal’.
28. Ibid.
29. Ibid.
30. Asbridge, The Greatest Knight.
31. Crouch, ‘William Marshal’.
32. Ibid.
33. Crouch and Holden, History of William Marshal.
34. Flanagan, ‘Isabel de Clare’.
35. Crouch and Holden, History of William Marshal.
36. Ibid.
37. Flanagan, ‘Isabel de Clare’.
38. Ibid.
39. Elizabeth Chadwick, ‘Clothing the Bones: Finding Mahelt Marshal’, livingthehistoryelizabethchadwick.blogspot.com, 7 September 2008.
40. Crouch and Holden, History of William Marshal.
41. Ibid.
42. Ibid.
43. Letter of 13 March 1216. Price, King John’s Letters.
44. Ibid.
45. Crouch and Holden, History of William Marshal.
46. Ibid.
47. Robert C. Stacey, ‘Roger Bigod, fourth earl of Norfolk (c. 1212-1270)’, Oxforddnb.com.
48. finerollshenry3.org.uk/content/calendar/roll_024.html#it353_002, 27 Oct. 1226
49. Ibid.
50. Nicholas Vincent, ‘William de Warenne, fifth earl of Surrey [Earl Warenne] (d. 1240)’, Oxforddnb.com.
51. Ibid.
52. Ibid.
53. Chadwick, Clothing the Bones.
54. Vincent, ‘William de Warenne’.
55. Ibid.
56. Chadwick, ‘Clothing the Bones’.
57. David Crouch quoted in Chadwick, ‘Clothing the Bones’.
58. T.A. Archer, revised by Michael Altschul, ‘Gilbert de Clare, fifth earl of Gloucester and fourth earl of Hertford (c. 1180–1230)’, Oxforddnb.com.
59. Ibid.
60. Annals of Tewkesbury quoted in Archer and Altschul, ‘Gilbert de Clare’.
61. Ibid.
62. Michael Altschul, ‘Richard de Clare, sixth earl of Gloucester and fifth earl of Hertford (1222–1262)’, Oxforddnb.com.
63. Darren Baker, With All For All: The Life of Simon de Montfort.
64. Nicholas Vincent, ‘Richard, first earl of Cornwall and king of Germany (1209–1272)’, Oxforddnb.com.
65. Baker, With All For All.
66. The Annals of Margam, translated by Rich Price.
67. Ralph of Coggeshall quoted in Hallam, The Plantagenet Chronicles.
68. ‘Eva Marshal’, Revolvy.com, accessed 13 March 2019.
69. finerollshenry3.org.uk/content/calendar/roll032.html#it319_003, 13 August 1233.
70. Ibid.
71. Ibid.
72. ‘Eva Marshal’, Revolvy.com.
73. Ibid.
74. Chadwick, ‘Clothing the Bones’.
75. H.W. Ridgeway, ‘Warin de Munchensi (1195–1255)’, Oxforddnb.com.
76. Ibid.
Chapter 7: The Princesses of Scotland
1. Morris, King John.
2. W.W. Scott, ‘William I [known as William the Lion] (c. 1142–1214)’, Oxforddnb.com.
3. Ibid.
4. Ibid.
5. Ibid.
6. David Ross, Scotland: History of a Nation.
7. E.L.G. Stones, quoted in Scott, ‘William I’.
8. Scott, ‘William I’.
9. Ibid.
10. Ross, Scotland: History of a Nation.
11. Ibid.
12. W.W. Scott, ‘Ermengarde de Beaumont (1233)’, Oxforddnb.com.
13. Ibid.
14. Ibid.
15. Anderson quoted in Scott, ‘Ermengarde’.
16.Scott, ‘William I’.
17. Ibid.
18. Ibid.
19. Ibid.
20. Scott, ‘Ermengarde’.
21. Bower quoted in Scott, ‘Ermengarde’.
22. Scott, ‘William I’.
23. Ross, Scotland: History of a Nation.
24. Keith Stringer, ‘Alexander II (1198–1249)’, Oxforddnb.com.
25. Ibid.
26. Louise J. Wilkinson, ‘Margaret, Princess of Scotland’, magnacarta800th. com.
27. Bower paraphrased in Wilkinson, ‘Margaret, Princess of Scotland’.
28. W.W. Scott, ‘Margaret, countess of Kent (b. 1187x1195, d. 1259)’, Oxforddnb.com.
29. Wilkinson, ‘Margaret, Princess of Scotland’.
30. Scott, ‘Margaret, countess of Kent’.
31. F.J. West, ‘Hubert de Burgh, earl of Kent (c. 1170–1243)’, Oxforddnb.com.
32. Ibid.
33. Wilkinson, ‘Margaret, Princess of Scotland’.
34. Jessica Nelson, ‘Isabella [Isabella Bigod], countess of Norfolk (b. 1195/1196, d. 1270)’, Oxforddnb.com.
35. Nelson, Jessica A., ‘Isabella, Countess of Norfolk’, magnacarta800th.com.
36. Nelson, ‘Isabella Bigod’.
37. finerollshenry3.org.uk/content/calendar/roll_022.html#it204_001, 20 May 1225.
38. Nelson, ‘Isabella Bigod’.
39. Calendar of Patent Rolls quoted in Nelson, ‘Isabella Bigod’.
40. Matthew Paris, Robert de Reading and others, Flores Historiarum, volume III.
41. Nelson, ‘Isabella Bigod’.
Chapter 8: The House of Warenne
1. Vincent, ‘William de Warenne’.
2. William Farrer and Charles Travis Clay, editors, Early Yorkshire Charters, Volume 8: The Honour of Warenne, p. 13. Through his mother, Isabel de Vermandois, granddaughter of Henry I of France, William de Warenne was a second cousin of Louis VII.
3. Ibid, pp. 16–17.
4. Ibid, p. 14. Richard Brito struck his blow with the words ‘Hoc habeas pro amore domini mei Willelmi fratris regis.’ Quoted from Vita S. Thomas (Becket Materials, Rolls Ser., vol. iii).
5. Susan M. Johns, ‘Isabel de Warenne, suo jure Countess of Surrey (d. 1203)’, Oxforddnb.com.
6. Farrer and Clay, The Honour of Warenne, p. 19.
7. Ibid, p. 127.
8. Vincent, ‘William de Warenne’.
9. Ibid.
10. Farrer and Clay, The Honour of Warenne.
11. Ibid., p. 21.
12. Ibid.
13. Ibid., p. 22.
14. Ibid.
15. Annales Cestrienses: Chronicle of the Abbey of S. Werburg, at Chester, edited by Richard Copley Christie, pp. 36-49. British History Onlinehttp://www.british-history.ac.uk/lancs-ches-record-soc/vol14/ pp36-49, accessed 1 May 2019.
16. Farrer and Clay, The Honour of Warenne.
17. Susan M. Johns, ‘Alice de Lusignan, suo jure countess of Eu’, Oxforddnb. com.
18. Tickhill Castle Guide Leaflet, Lords of the Honour of Tickhill, author unknown, 2017.
19. finerollshenry3.org.uk content/calendar/roll_015.html#it158_006, 19 May 1221.
20. Johns, ‘Alice de Lusignan’.
21. Farrer and Clay, The Honour of Warenne.
22. Johns, ‘Alice de Lusignan’.
23. Vincent, ‘William de Warenne’.
24. Ibid.
25. Ibid.
26. Ibid.
27. Ralph V. Turner, ‘William d’Aubigny, third earl of Arundel’, Oxforddnb. com.
28. John A. Nichols, ‘Isabel de Warenne [married name Isabel d’Aubigny], countess of Arundel’, Oxforddnb.com.
29. Waugh quoted in Nichols, ‘Isabel de Warenne’.
30. Matthew Paris quoted in Nichols, ‘Isabel de Warenne’.
31. Quoted by Susan Annesley in finerollshenry3.org.uk content/month/fm-08-2009.html, August 2009.
32. Ibid.
33. Ibid.
Chapter 9: Isabella of Gloucester
1. Price, King John’s Letters.
2. Louise Wilkinson, ‘Isabel of Gloucester, wife of King John’, magnacarta800th.com.
3. Ibid.
4. Ibid.
5. Morris, King John, p. 61.
6. Robert B. Patterson, ‘Isabella, suo jure Countess of Gloucester (c. 1160–1217)’, Oxforddnb.com.
7. Wilkinson, ‘Isabel of Gloucester’.
8. Ibid.
9. Ralph of Diceto, Images of History, pp. 166-75.
10. Lisa Hilton, Queens Consort: England’s Medieval Queens.
11. Ibid.
12. Patterson, ‘Isabella of Gloucester’.
13. Wilkinson, ‘Isabel of Gloucester’.
14. Nigel Saul, ‘Geoffrey de Mandeville’, magnacarta800th.com.
15. Histoire des ducs de Normandie quoted in Saul, ‘Geoffrey de Mandeville’.
16. Saul, ‘Geoffrey de Mandeville’.
17. Ibid.
18. Wilkinson, ‘Isabel of Gloucester’.
19. Morris, King John, p. 242.
20. Letters patent, 20 December 1215. Price, King John’s Letters.
21. Anonymous de Béthune, Histoires des ducs de Normandie et rois d’Angleterre, quoted by Price, King John’s Letters, accessed 23 February 2019.
22. Ralph of Coggeshall, Chronicon Anglicanum, quoted by Price, King John’s Letters, accessed 23 February 2019.
23. Patterson, ‘Isabella of Gloucester’.
24. The Calendar of Close Rolls, 17 September 1217, translated and edited by Price, King John’s Letters, accessed 23 February 2019.
25. BL Cotton MS Nero E, vii, fol. 91, quoted in West, ‘Hubert de Burgh’.
26. Henry II (1179/80) quoted in West, ‘Hubert de Burgh’.
27. West, ‘Hubert de Burgh’.
28. Ibid.
29. Ralph of Coggeshall quoted in Hallam, The Plantagenet Chronicles.
30. Ibid.
31. West, ‘Hubert de Burgh’.
32. Ibid.
33. Ibid.
34. Ibid.
35. Wilkinson, ‘Isabel of Gloucester’.
36.Lambeth Palace Library ms.20 quoted in Nicholas Vincent, ‘Feature of the Month: May 2015 – A Glimpse of London, May 1216’, magnacarta800th. com, May 2015.
Chapter 10: Isabelle d’Angoulême
1. Hilton, Queens Consort.
2. Ibid.
3. Vincent, ‘Isabella of Angoulême’.
4. Gillingham, ‘John’.
5. Ralph of Diceto, quoted in Hilton, Queens Consort.
6. Church, King John.
7. Ralph of Coggeshall, quoted in Hallam, The Plantagenet Chronicles.
8. Church, King John.
9. Ibid.
10. Ralph of Coggeshall quoted in Hallam, The Plantagenet Chronicles.
11. Hallam, The Plantagenet Chronicles.
12. Elizabeth Norton, She Wolves: The Notorious Queens of England.
13. Ibid.
14. Vincent, ‘Isabella of Angoulême’.
15. Hilton, Queens Consort.
16. Ibid.
17. Morris, King John.
18. Matthew Paris quoted in Hilton, Queens Consort.
19. Morris, King John.
20. Hilton, Queens Consort.
21. Ibid.
22. Vincent, ‘From the Tower’.
23. Church, King John.
24. Letter to Henry III, translated by Joan M. Ferrante, ‘Isabel of Angoulême’, Epistolae, epistolae.ctl.columbia.edu/women.
25. Ibid.
26. Norton, She Wolves.
27. Ibid.
28. Louise Wilkinson, ‘Isabella of Angoulême, wife of King John’, magnacarta800th.com.
29. Vincent, ‘Isabella of Angoulême’.
30. Matthew Paris described Isabelle as ‘more Jezebel than Isabel, while Roger of Wendover attributed John’s failure in Normandy to Isabelle’s skills in ‘sorcery and witchcraft. Wilkinson, ‘Isabella of Angoulême’.
Chapter 11: Eleanor of Brittany
1. Michael Jones, ‘Eleanor suo jure duchess of Brittany (1182x4–1241)’, Oxforddnb.com.
2. Connolly, Heroines of the Medieval World.
3. ‘The Chronicle: 1187–1214’, in Annales Cestrienses: Chronicle of the Abbey of S. Werburg at Chester, ed. Richard Copley Christie (London, 1887), pp. 36-49. British History Online http://www.british-history.ac.uk/lancs-ches-record-soc/vol14/pp36-49, accessed 1 May 2019.
4. Douglas Boyd, Eleanor: April Queen of Aquitaine.
5. L’Histoire de Guillaume le Maréchale quoted by Morris, King John.
6. Morris, King John.
7. Ralph of Diceto quoted in Hallam, The Plantagenet Chronicles.
8. Ibid.
9. Ralph of Coggeshall quoted in Hallam, The Plantagenet Chronicles.
10. Ibid.
11. Ibid.
12. Ibid.
13. Ibid
14. The Annals of Margam, translated by Rich Price.
15. Ralph of Coggeshall quoted in Hallam, The Plantagenet Chronicles.
16. David Williamson, ‘Eleanor, Princess (1184–1241)’, Brewer’s British Royalty.
17. Rotuli litterarum clausarum quoted in Jones, ‘Eleanor, duchess of Brittany’.
18. Danziger and Gillingham, 1215.
19. Rotuli litterarum patentum quoted in Jones, ‘Eleanor, duchess of Brittany’.
20. Williamson, ‘Eleanor, Princess’.
21. Jones, ‘Eleanor, duchess of Brittany’.
Chapter 12: The Daughters of King John
1. Magna rotuli, 2-569, quoted in Kate Norgate and revised by A.D. Carr, ‘Joan, d. 1237’, Oxfroddnb.com.
2. Louise Wilkinson, ‘Joan, Daughter of King John’, magnacarta800th.com, 2016.
3. David Hillman, Kings, Queens, Bones and Bastards.
4. Norgate and Carr, ‘Joan’.
5. Ibid.
6. The Barnwell annalist quoted in Hallam, The Plantagenet Chronicles.
7. Brut y Tywysogyn or The Chronicle of the Princes: Peniarth MS 20 Version, editor T.
8. Carr, A.D., ‘Llywelyn ab Iorwerth (c. 1173–1240)’, Oxfroddnb.com.
9. The Barnwell annalist quoted in Hallam, The Plantagenet Chronicles.
10. Ibid.
11. Ibid.
12. Ibid.
13. finerollshenry3.org.uk /content/calendar/roll_027.html#it119_007 12/119 (27 March 1228), 27 March. Reading. Concerning lands to be taken into the king’s hand. Order to the sheriff of Leicestershire to take the manor of Rothley with appurtenances into the king’s hand, which the king has committed to Joan, wife of L. prince of North Wales, for as long as it pleases the king, and to keep it safely until the king orders otherwise; and https://finerollshenry3.org.uk/content/calendar/roll_027.html#it279_002 (21 September 1228). Concerning the corn of Condover. Order to the sheriff of Staffordshire and Shropshire to take into the king’s hand without delay the corn of this autumn that Joan, wife of L. prince of North Wales, caused to be sown in the manor of Condover, which she had by bail of the king for as long as it pleases him, notwithstanding the king’s command to him to demise that corn to her in peace.
14. Letters of Medieval Women, edited and translated by Anne Crawford.
15. D.R. Messer, ‘Joan (Siwan) (died 1237), princess and diplomat’, Dictionary of Welsh Biography, from https://biography.wales/article/s12-JOAN-TYW-1237, 19 Aug 2019.
16. Brut y Tywysogyn.
17. ‘Joan, Lady of Wales (c.1191–1237)’, englishmonarch.co.uk, 2004.
18. Robin Chapman Stacey, ‘Divorce, Medieval Welsh Style’, Speculum, Volume 77, issue 4 (October 2002), pp. 1107-1127.
19. Madeleine Grey, ‘Four Weddings, Three Funerals and a Historic Detective Puzzle: A Cautionary Tale’, 2014, https://biography.wales/article/s12-JOAN-TYW-1237?&query=prince&lang[]=en&sort=sort_name&order=asc&rows=12&page=8.
20. Danziger and Gillingham, 1215.
21. Ibid.
22. Matthew Lewis, Henry III: The Son of Magna Carta, p. 68.
23. finerollshenry3.co.uk/ontent/calendar/roll_015.html#it192_005, 19 June 1221.
24. The Chronicle of Lanercost, 1272–1346.
25. A.O. Anderson and M.M.O Anderson, editors, Chronicle of Melrose, 1936.
26. Keith Stringer, ‘Joan (1210–1237)’, Oxforddnb.com.
27. Ibid.
28. Matthaei Parisiensis, Chronica majora, edited by H.R. Luard.
29. finerollshenry3.co.uk/content/calendar/roll_005E.html#it019_004, 5 May 1238.
30. Ibid.
31. Matthaei Parisiensis, Chronica majora.
32. D.S.H. Abulafia, ‘Isabella [Elizabeth, Isabella of England] (1214–1241)’, Oxforddnb.com.
33. Roger of Wendover, Flowers of History, volume II.
34. Ibid.
35. Ibid.
36. Ibid.
37. Ibid.
38. Abulafia, ‘Isabella’.
39. Roger of Wendover, Flowers of History, volume II.
40. Roger of Wendover quoted in Hallam, The Plantagenet Chronicles.
41. Ibid.
42. Ibid.
43. Matthew Paris, Robert de Reading and others, Flores Historiarum, vol. III, edited by Henry Richards Luard.
44. Abulafia, ‘Isabella’.
45. Ibid.
46. Baker, With All For All.
47. Mary Anne Everett Green, Lives of the Princesses of England from the Norman Conquest, Volume 2, Longman, Brown, Green, Longman, & Roberts, London, 1857.
Chapter 13: De Montfort
1. Carol, ‘Eleanor of Leicester: A Broken Vow of Chastity’, historyofroyalwomen. com, 28 February 2017.
2. Norton, She Wolves.
3. R.F. Walker, ‘William Marshal, fifth earl of Pembroke (c. 1190–1231)’, oxforddnb.com.
4. Ibid.
5. Baker, With All For All.
6. Elizabeth Hallam, ‘Eleanor, Countess of Pembroke and Leicester (1215?–1275)’, Oxforddnb.com.
7. Baker, With All For All.
8. Ibid.
9. Hallam, ‘Eleanor, Countess of Pembroke’.
10. J.R. Maddicott, ‘Montfort, Simon de, eighth Earl of Leicester (1208–1265)’, oxforddnb.com.
11. Ibid.
12. Baker, The Two Eleanors.
13. ‘Eleanor of England’, Epistolae, epistolae.ctl.columbia.edu/women.
14. Hallam, ‘Eleanor, Countess of Pembroke’.
15. Baker, With All For All.
16. Hallam, ‘Eleanor, Countess of Pembroke’.
17. Matthew Paris quoted in Baker, With All For All.
18. Simon de Montfort quoted in quoted in Ibid.
19. Ibid.
20. Hallam, ‘Eleanor, Countess of Pembroke’.
21. Letter from Adam Marsh to Eleanor, Countess of Leicester, 1252, Epistolae, ‘Eleanor of England’.
22. Letter from Adam Marsh to Eleanor, Countess of Leicester, 1252, Epistolae, ‘Eleanor of England’.
23. Maddicott, ‘Simon de Montfort’.
24. Hallam, ‘Eleanor, Countess of Pembroke’.
25. Epistolae, ‘Eleanor of England’.
26. Baker, With All For All.
27. Royal Letters, Tower Collection #1125, quoted in Epistolae, ‘Eleanor of England’.
28. Epistolae, ‘Eleanor of England’.
29. Ibid.
30. Hallam, ‘Eleanor, Countess of Pembroke’.
31. ‘Eleanor de Montfort’, englishmonarchs.co.uk, 2004.
32. Ibid.
33. Crawford, Letters of Medieval Women.
34. Ibid.
35. ‘Eleanor de Montfort’, englishmonarchs.co.uk, 2004.
36. Connolly, Heroines of the Medieval World.
37. ‘Eleanor de Montfort’, englishmonarchs.co.uk.
38. Ibid.
39. Calendar of the Charter Rolls, 1–14, Edward III.
40. The Princess Gwenllian Society, princessgwenllian.co.uk.
Epilogue
1. The Rt. Hon. Fiona Woolf, quoted in Magna Carta Quotations,magnacarta800th.com.
2. David Carpenter, Magna Carta (translated with a new commentary).
Appendix A: 1215 Magna Carta
Danziger and Gillingham, 1215
Morris, King John
David Starkey, Magna Carta: The True Story Behind the Charter (Hodder, London, 2015)
H. Summerson et al, translator, Magna Carta, The Magna Carta Project, http://magnacarta.cmp.uea.ac.uk/read/magna_carta_1215, accessed 13 March 2019
Appendix B: Enforcers of Magna Carta – The Twenty-Five
Danziger and Gillingham, 1215
Matthew Strickland, ‘Enforcers of Magna Carta (act, 1215–1216)’, oxforddnb. com
Appendix C: The Charter of the Forest 1217
Dan Jones, Realm Divided: A Year in the Life of Plantagenet England (Head of
Zeus, London, 2015) National Archives, nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/resources/magna-carta/charter-forest-1225-westminster
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Detail of a miniature of King John. Matthew Paris. Royal 14 C VII f9. (Courtesy of the British Library Catalogue of Illuminated Manuscripts)
The meadow at Runnymede, where Magna Carta was sealed on 15 June 1215. (Photo courtesy of Jayne Smith)
‘Charta de Foresta;’ Westminster, 11 Febr. 9 Hen. III. [1225]. With great seal. – Shelfmark: Add. CH24712. (Courtesy of the British Library Catalogue of Illuminated Manuscripts)
The Magna Carta memorial, Runnymede. (Photo courtesy of Jayne Smith)
The 1215 Magna Carta. Cotton MS Augustus ii.106. (Courtesy of the British Library Catalogue of Illuminated Manuscripts)
Newark Castle, Notts, where King John died on the night of 18/19 October 1216. (Author’s collection)
The Great Hall and Gatehouse of Abergavenny Castle, home of the Braose family. (Photo courtesy of Rachael Rogers and Abergavenny Museum, Monmouthshire County Council)
Christmas Day Massacre by Frances Baines, showing the great hall of Abergavenny Castle moments before the murder of Seisyllt ap Dyfnwal by William de Braose at Christmas 1175. (Reprinted courtesy of Abergavenny Museum, Monmouthshire County Council)
Windsor Castle, Berkshire, one of the two possible sites for the death of Matilda de Braose and her son, William. (Author’s collection)
St Michael’s Church, Swaton, final resting place of Nicholaa de la Haye. (Author’s collection)
The Temple Church, London, final resting place of William Marshal, first Earl of Pembroke. (Author’s collection)
Conisbrough Castle, South Yorkshire, built by Hamelin de Warenne, Earl of Surrey and visited by King John in 1201. (Author’s collection)
Lewes Priory, founded by William de Warenne, first Earl of Surrey, and mausoleum of the Warenne family. (Author’s collection)
The gatehouse to Canterbury Cathedral, where Isabella of Gloucester, first wife of King John, was buried in 1217. (Author’s collection)
Winchester Cathedral. Isabelle d’Angoulême stayed with John’s first wife, Isabella of Gloucester, at Winchester in the early years of her marriage to King John. (Photo courtesy of Anne Marie Bouchard)
The Tour Jeanne d’Arc, surviving part of Rouen Castle, where Arthur of Brittany was murdered, Easter 1203. (Photo courtesy of Kristie Dean)
Westminster Abbey, London, where Isabelle d’Angoulême was crowned Queen of England. (Photo courtesy of Darnel Gleave)
Bowes Castle, North Yorkshire, one of the residences in which Eleanor of Brittany resided. (Author’s collection)
York Minster, where Henry Ill’s sister Joan married Alexander II, King of Scots. (Author’s collection)
Detail of a marginal drawing of the marriage of Frederick II to Isabella of England. Matthew Paris. Royal 14 C VII f123v. (Courtesy of the British Library Catalogue of Illuminated Manuscripts)
Memorial to the 1265 Battle of Lewes, fought between King Henry III and his brother-in-law, Simon de Montfort, Lewes Priory Gardens, Sussex. (Author’s collection)
Lincoln Cathedral, owner of the original copy of Magna Carta housed in Lincoln Castle. (Author’s collection)
The Observatory Tower, Lincoln Castle. Lincoln Castle is the site of the 1217 Battle of Lincoln and home to one of the four surviving copies of Magna Carta. (Author’s collection)
The Tower of London. (Author’s collection)