ABBREVIATIONS
|
ALAB |
Papers of Lord Alanbrooke |
|
ASTL |
Papers of Joan Bright Astley |
|
AVON |
Papers of Sir Anthony Eden, later 1st Earl of Avon |
|
BEAV |
Papers of Lord Beaverbrook |
|
BLAC |
Archive of Lord Black of Crossharbour |
|
BRGS |
Papers of Lawrence Burgis |
|
CAB |
Cabinet Papers at the National Archives, Kew |
|
CHAR |
Chartwell Papers at Churchill Archives Centre, Cambridge |
|
CHUR |
Churchill Papers at Churchill Archives Centre, Cambridge |
|
CUNN |
Papers of Admiral Lord Cunningham |
|
DILL |
Papers of Sir John Dill |
|
DUPO |
Papers of Sir Dudley Pound |
|
FDR |
Papers of Franklin D. Roosevelt |
|
FRUS |
Foreign Relations of the United States |
|
JACB |
Papers of Sir Ian Jacob |
|
KENN |
Papers of Sir John Kennedy |
|
LEAH |
Papers of Admiral William Leahy |
|
LH |
Papers of Sir Basil Liddell Hart |
|
MAR |
Papers of George C. Marshall |
|
MHI |
USA Military History Institute, Carlisle, Pennsylvania |
|
NA |
British National Archives |
|
PEAK |
Papers of Sir Charles Peake |
|
PORT |
Papers of Lord Portal |
PREFACE
1. Lees-Milne, Enigmatic Edwardian, p. 229
2. Ibid., p. 330
3. BRGS 1/1/46
4. Leasor, War at the Top, pp. 40–41
5. BRGS 1/1
6. BRGS 1/2
7. BRGS 1/1/44
8. BRGS 1/2
9. CAB 69/4/38
10. KENN 4/2/3–5
INTRODUCTION
1. eds Danchev and Todman, Diaries, p. 268
2. JACB 1/14/B
3. eds Danchev and Todman, Diaries, p. 268
4. ALAB 11/9
5. Churchill, Hinge of Fate, p. 344
CHAPTER 1: FIRST ENCOUNTERS: 1880–JUNE 1940
1. Churchill, The World Crisis: 1915, p. 166
2. The phrase is from William F. Buckley Jr
3. ed. Kimball, Correspondence, ii, p. 355; Beschloss, Kennedy and Roosevelt, p. 200; ed. Smith, Hostage to Fortune, p. 411; Black, Roosevelt, p. 91; Ward, First-Class Temperament, p. 393
4. Robbins, ‘The Atlantic Charter’, p. 18; Churchill, Gathering Storm, p. 345
5. Halifax Diary, 30/11/1941
6. Marshall, Together, p. 110
7. Moran, Struggle for Survival, p. 67
8. ed. Bland, Interviews, p. 40
9. MAR Secretary of Defense Papers Box 207/12
10. Ibid.
11. ed. Stephen, Sir Victor Brooke, passim
12. Lord Carver in Times Literary Supplement, 7/5/1982, p. 504
13. Layton, Mr Churchill’s Secretary, p. 51
14. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, vii, p. 863
15. Russell, Churchill, pp. 49–50
16. Churchill, My Early Life, p. 57
17. Major Buckley recollections in Astley Papers
18. ed. Wheeler-Bennett, Action This Day, p. 194
19. Halifax Diary, 27/11/1941
20. JACB 4/8
21. Jenkins, Roosevelt, p. 5
22. Black, Roosevelt, pp. 65–6
23. Ibid., pp. 646, 715
24. Ibid., p. 21
25. Fraser, Alanbrooke, p. 93
26. Ibid., pp. 64–5; ALAB 11/9; ALAB 11/55
27. Greenwood, Auchinleck, p. 51
28. Ronald Lewin reviewing Fraser, Alanbrooke, in The Times, 13/5/1982
29. KENN 4/2/5
30. Interview with General Sir David Fraser, 8/6/2006
31. MHI Pogue Notes for Supreme Command, 26/8/1958
32. MAR McCarthy Papers B-17/f-18, MAR GCM Library Xerox 2256
33. Russell, Churchill, pp. 288, 297; Churchill, My Early Life, p. 327
34. Cray, General of the Army, p. 110
35. Ibid., pp. 114–15
36. Pogue, Education, p. 353
37. Ibid., p. 340; ed. Bland, Interviews, p. 109
38. ed. Bland, Interviews, p. 109
39. MHI Handy Interview 1974 section 4, p. 12
40. Ibid.; MAR William M. Spencer Interview with Marshall, 9/7/1949
41. Morgan, FDR, p. 589
42. MHI Hull Interview 1974 section 5, p. 29
43. MHI Hull Interview Session 6, pp. 24ff., interview with Larry Bland, 28/11/2006; MAR Richard DeMartino interview with Merill Pascoe, 11/11/1997, p. 7
44. MAR Pentagon Papers Boxes 80 and 81; ed. Bland, Papers, passim
45. MAR Pentagon Papers Box 71/20
46. Pogue, Ordeal and Hope, p. 22
47. MAR Pentagon Papers Box 80/28
48. Pogue, Education, pp. 341–2
49. ed. Bland, Interviews, p. 329
50. LH 15/15/1
51. Stimson and Bundy, Active Service, p. 238
52. ed. Kimball, Correspondence, i, p. 421
53. Churchill, Great Contemporaries, p. 302
54. LH 15/15/1
55. ed. Bond, Chief of Staff, i, p. 367
56. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, vii, p. 865
57. 1959 BBC Interview of Lord Alanbrooke, videotape no. VC338475; Sunday Times, 27/1/1946
58. Gilbert, ‘Churchill and D-Day’, p. 24
59. ed. Macleod, Ironside Diaries, p. 351
60. eds Danchev and Todman, Diaries, p. 79
61. Ibid., p. 80
62. Ibid., p. 81
63. Ibid.
64. ALAB 11/9
65. eds Danchev and Todman, Diaries, p. 273
66. ALAB 11/9
CHAPTER 2: COLLECTING ALLIES: JUNE 1940–DECEMBER 1941
1. ALAB 11/59
2. Finest Hour, no. 130, Spring 2006, pp. 34–6
3. Moran, Struggle for Survival, p. 192
4. KENN 4/2/3, 21/11/1941
5. Best, Churchill and War, p. 176
6. David Freeman in Finest Hour, no. 115, Summer 2002, p. 34
7. Colville, Footprints, p. 189
8. Simpson, Stark, p. 144
9. Colville, Fringes, p. 283
10. ed. Parker, Churchill, p. 89
11. Reynolds, Creation, p. 167
12. Gilbert, Churchill War Papers, iii, p. 55
13. eds Danchev and Todman, Diaries, p. 133
14. Gilbert, Churchill War Papers, iii, p. 397
15. eds Danchev and Todman, Diaries, p. 154
16. MAR Pentagon Papers Box 80/29
17. ed. Danchev, Anglo-American Alliance, pp. 10–11
18. Morgan, FDR, p. 610
19. Papers of Jo, Countess of Onslow
20. BRGS 2/12, 30/3/1942
21. BLAC 4/8/1941
22. Robbins, ‘The Atlantic Charter’, p. 18
23. Morgan, FDR, pp. 596–7
24. BLAC
25. Morgan, FDR, pp. 596–7
26. BEAV D/491
27. Reynolds, In Command, p. 257; Danchev, ‘Dilly-Dally’, p. 21
28. ALAB 11/64
29. KENN 4/2/3
30. CHAR20/22/273
31. eds Danchev and Todman, Diaries, p. 206
32. Howard, Mediterranean Strategy, p. 18
33. Jackson and Bramall, The Chiefs, p. 214
34. Danchev, ‘Waltzing’, p. 221; Fraser, Alanbrooke, p. 233
35. Jackson and Bramall, The Chiefs, p. 214
36. ALAB 11/74
37. CUNN Add MSS 52578/28
38. BRGS 2/22
39. CUNN Add MSS 52577/95
40. Ibid.
41. CAB 65/44/66
42. MAR Pentagon Papers Box 116
43. Marshall, Together, p. 145
44. KENN 4/2/3; Sunday Times, 27/1/1946
45. KENN 4/2/3
46. Ibid.
47. Ibid.
48. BRGS 2/10
49. KENN 4/2/3
50. Ibid.
51. eds Danchev and Todman, Diaries, p. 209; KENN 4/2/4, p. 301
CHAPTER 3: EGOS IN ARCADIA: DECEMBER 1941–FEBRUARY 1942
1. Churchill, Hinge of Fate, p. 290
2. CHUR 4/225A/138; Ismay, Memoirs, p. 243
3. Eisenhower, Crusade in Europe, p. 30
4. BRGS 2/10
5. Stimson and Bundy, Active Service, p. 207
6. Gilbert, Winston S. Churchill, vii, pp. 10–13
7. LH 15/15/1
8. Best, Churchill and War, p. 93
9. Stimson and Bundy, Active Service, p. 214
10. Morgan, FDR, p. 637
11. MAR Pentagon Papers Box 80/30
12. Stimson and Bundy, Active Service, p. 212
13. MHI Handy Interview 1974 section 3, p. 42
14. JACB 1/13/16
15. Ibid.
16. Ibid.
17. MAR Robinett Papers Box 21, p. 357
18. MHI Handy Interview 1974 section 4, pp. 10–11
19. MAR Robinett Papers Box 21, p. 363
20. Danchev, On Specialness, p. 19
21. ed. Kimball, Correspondence, i, p. 293
22. MHI Pogue Interview, 20/12/46, p. 3
23. Pogue, Ordeal and Hope, p. 272; Ismay, Memoirs, p. 244
24. ed. Bland, Interviews, pp. 413–14
25. Ibid.
26. Danchev, ‘Very Special Relationship’, p. 5
27. MAR Robinett Papers Box 21, p. 365
28. Bercuson and Herwig, One Christmas, p. 178
29. ed. Bland, Interviews, p. 601
30. Fenby, Alliance, p. 53
31. Gilbert, Churchill War Papers, iii, p. 1696; Reynolds, In Command, p. 40
32. JACB 1/13/20
33. Moran, Struggle for Survival, p. 20
34. ed. White, Stillwell Papers, p. 44
35. Ibid., pp. 44–5
36. Ibid., p. 47
37. ed. Bland, Interviews, pp. 592–3
38. Halifax Diary, 18/2/1942
39. MAR Pentagon Papers Box 80/31
40. Dupuy and Dupuy, Collins Encyclopedia, p. 1309
41. MAR Pentagon Papers Box 71/20
42. MAR Robinett Papers Box 21, p. 356
43. JACB 1/13/40
44. BRGS 2/11, 18/1/1942
45. Ibid.
46. Ibid.
47. CAB 69/4/23
48. BRGS 2/11, 2/2/1942
49. AVON 20/1/22
50. KENN 4/2/4
51. Danchev, On Specialness, p. 23
52. MHI Charles Donnelly Autobiography, p. 634
53. ed. Danchev, Anglo-American Alliance, p. 13
54. Danchev, ‘Very Special Relationship’, p. 6
55. ed. Danchev, Anglo-American Alliance, p. 8
56. MHI Handy Interview 1974 section 4, p. 18
57. ed. Bland, Interviews, pp. 623–4; Parrish, Roosevelt and Marshall, p. 251
58. Stimson and Bundy, Active Service, p. 213
59. MHI Caraway Interview 1971 section 6, pp. 50–51
60. Hastings, Nemesis, p. 21; MHI Handy Interview 1974 section 4, p. 10
61. Jackson and Bramall, The Chiefs, p. 226
62. Harmon, ‘Alanbrooke and Churchill’, p. 36
63. Colville, Footprints, p. 190
64. Tully, FDR, p. 262
65. ed. Bland, Interviews, p. 436
66. eds Danchev and Todman, Diaries, p. 228
67. Danchev, On Specialness, p. 18
68. ALAB 6/2/12/8A
69. Kennedy, Business of War, pp. 104–5
CHAPTER 4: BROOKE AND MARSHALL ESTABLISH DOMINANCE: FEBRUARY–MARCH 1942
1. NAWO 193/334, 4/10/1942
2. Brodhurst, Churchill’s Anchor, p. 208
3. Ibid., passim; David Freeman in Finest Hour, no. 115, Summer 2002, p. 35
4. Brodhurst, Churchill’s Anchor, pp. 211–12
5. The Times, 24/4/1971
6. ALAB 11/64
7. KENN 4/2/4
8. ed. Wheeler-Bennett, Action This Day, p. 61
9. Ibid., p. 165
10. Churchill, Finest Hour, p. 20
11. LH 15/15/1
12. ALAB 6/4/21
13. Howarth, Intelligence Chief Extraordinary, pp. 143, 164–5
14. BRGS 1/1/47 and 1/2
15. Ibid., p. 166
16. CAB 69/4–1–4
17. AVON 20/1/22
18. Interview with General Sir David Fraser, 8/6/2006
19. MHI Pogue Interview, 17/12/1946, p. 5
20. Brendon, Churchill, p. 163
21. ed. Taylor, Churchill, p. 199
22. KENN 4/2/4, 18/3/1942
23. Moran, Struggle for Survival, p. 35
24. Nel, Mr Churchill’s Secretary, p. 74
25. MHI Lincoln Papers letter of 5/1/1954
26. ed. Bland, Interviews, pp. 610–11
CHAPTER 5: GYMNAST FALLS, BOLERO RETUNED: FEBRUARY–APRIL 1942
1. For some reason the money was paid in 1969 to St Paul’s School, Athens
2. BRGS 2/11, 10/2/1942
3. KENN 4/2/4
4. Ibid.
5. Fraser, Alanbrooke, p. 235
6. Mosley, Backs to the Wall, p. 245; ed. Dilks, Cadogan, p. 447
7. ed. Dilks, Cadogan, p. 446
8. MAR Pentagon Papers Box 80/32
9. MHI Hull Interview 1973 section 4, p. 38
10. ed. Kimball, Correspondence, i, p. 392
11. Gilbert, Churchill: A Life, p. 719; Gilbert, ‘Churchill and D-Day’, pp. 24–5
12. ed. Kimball, Correspondence, i, pp. 392–3
13. Gilbert, Churchill: A Life, p. 719
14. Gilbert, Winston S. Churchill, vii, p. 74; Gilbert, ‘Churchill and D-Day’, pp. 24–5
15. ed. Kimball, Correspondence, i, pp. 398–9
16. KENN 4/2/4
17. Ibid.
18. Sherwood, White House Papers, ii, p. 523
19. Ibid., pp. 523–4
20. ed. Kimball, Correspondence, i, p. 421
21. Butler, Grand Strategy, iii Part ii, p. 573
22. BRGS 2/12, 23/3/1942
23. Stimson and Bundy, Active Service, p. 214
24. Parrish, Roosevelt and Marshall, p. 254
25. Stimson and Bundy, Active Service, p. 215
26. ed. Kimball, Correspondence, i, p. 437
27. MAR Pentagon Papers Box 71/19
28. Parrish, Roosevelt and Marshall, pp. 261–3
29. AVON 20/1/22
30. KENN 4/2/4
31. MHI Caraway Interview 1971 section 6, p. 29
32. KENN 4/2/4
CHAPTER 6: MARSHALL’S MISSION TO LONDON: APRIL 1942
1. ASTL Major Buckley’s Recollections
2. eds Danchev and Todman, Diaries, p. 249
3. Pogue, Ordeal and Hope, p. 314
4. Morison, American Contributions, p. 15
5. ALAB 9/3/8
6. Pogue, Ordeal and Hope, p. 310
7. Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins, p. 528
8. Ibid., p. 523; Pogue, Ordeal and Hope, p. 308; Bryant, Turn of the Tide, p. 284
9. MHI Handy Interview 1974 section 4, p. 11
10. Moran, Struggle for Survival, p. 35
11. Pogue, Ordeal and Hope, p. 309
12. ed. Bland, Interviews, p. 434
13. Pogue, Ordeal and Hope, p. 315; Butler, Grand Strategy, iii Part ii, Appendix iii
14. CAB 79/56 COS Cmtee No. 112 (42), 9/4/1942
15. Pogue, Ordeal and Hope, p. 317; Steele, First Offensive, pp. 117–18
16. Fenby, Alliance, p. 115
17. eds Danchev and Todman, Diaries, p. 246
18. Ibid.
19. Ismay, Memoirs, p. 251
20. LH 15/15/2
21. Ibid.
22. Wedemeyer, Wedemeyer Reports!, pp. 105–6
23. Ibid.
24. LH 15/15/1
25. Ibid.
26. Mosley, Marshall, p. 202
27. eds Danchev and Todman, Diaries, p. 247
28. Pogue, Ordeal and Hope, p. 313
29. Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins, pp. 530–31
30. Marshall Papers Verifax 631–660
31. MAR Pentagon Papers Box 80/32
32. ed. Kimball, Correspondence, i, p. 449
33. eds Danchev and Todman, Diaries, p. 247
34. CAB 79/56 COS Cmtee No. 118, 14/4/1942
35. Gilbert, Winston S. Churchill, vii, p. 89
36. Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins, p. 533
37. CAB 69/4/59
38. Ibid., pp. 61–2
39. CAB 69/4, Defence Committee no. 10 (1942), 14/4/1942
40. Gilbert, Winston S. Churchill, vii, p. 89
41. Churchill, Hinge of Fate, pp. 289–90
42. Pogue, Ordeal and Hope, pp. 319–20
43. LH 15/15/1
44. eds Danchev and Todman, Diaries, p. 248
45. Howard, Mediterranean Strategy, p. 29
46. eds Danchev and Todman, Diaries, p. 248
47. Morgan, FDR, p. 638
48. eds Danchev and Todman, Diaries, p. 249
49. Matloff and Snell, Strategic Planning, p. 191
50. eds Danchev and Todman, Diaries, p. 249
51. Morison, American Contributions, p. 19
52. eds Danchev and Todman, Diaries, passim; KENN 4/2/4
53. Mosley, Marshall, p. 202
54. ALAB 12/8/8; ed. Bland, Interviews, pp. 429, 436, 608
55. eds Danchev and Todman, Diaries, p. 250
56. ed. Kimball, Correspondence, i, p. 523
57. Ibid., pp. 458–9
58. Kimball and Rose, ‘Churchill and D-Day: Another View’, p. 31
59. Mosley, Marshall, pp. 204–5
60. AVON 20/1/22
61. Dimbleby and Reynolds, An Ocean Apart, pp. 141–2
62. MHI Wedemeyer 1972 Interview section 4, p. 31
63. MHI Pogue Interview, 17/12/46, p. 4
CHAPTER 7: THE COMMANDERS AT ARGONAUT: APRIL–JUNE 1942
1. Historian Ronald Lewin reviewing Fraser, Alanbrooke in The Times, 13/5/1982
2. KENN 4/2/4
3. Ibid.
4. Gilbert, ‘Churchill and D-Day’, p. 24
5. Gilbert, Winston S. Churchill, vii, p. 86
6. ed. Eade, Secret Session Speeches, p. 74
7. Halifax Diary, 13/6/1942
8. FDR President’s Secretary’s File Box 83
9. Ibid.
10. KENN 4/2/4
11. ed. Kimball, Correspondence, i, p. 497
12. ed. Ferrell, Eisenhower Diaries, pp. 59–60
13. KENN 4/2/4
14. Sherwood, White House Papers, ii, p. 567
15. Ibid.
16. FRUS, 1942, iii, p. 594
17. LH 15/15/1
18. ed. Kimball, Correspondence, i, p. 503
19. Brinkley, Washington Goes to War, p. 75
20. BRGS 1/2. According to Martin Middlebrook and Chris Everitt, The Bomber Command War Diaries: An Operational Reference Book, 1939–1945, 1985, this raid on Cologne involved 1,103 bombers, of which 43 were lost
21. BRGS 2/12, 1/6/1942; KENN 4/2/4
22. AVON 20/1/22
23. BRGS 2/12, 8/6/1942
24. Black, Roosevelt, p. 745; Ziegler, Mountbatten, pp. 183–5
25. Wedemeyer, Wedemeyer Reports!, pp. 132–6
26. Ziegler, Mountbatten, pp. 183–5
27. KENN 4/2/4, 10/6/1942
28. CAB 195/1 WM (42) 74th
29. Ibid.
30. KENN 4/2/4
31. AVON 19/1/11
32. Stimson and Bundy, Active Service, p. 216
33. MAR Pentagon Papers Box 80/33
34. Sandys, Chasing Churchill, p. 150
35. Halifax Diary, 18/6/1942
36. Stimson and Bundy, Active Service, pp. 217–19
37. Ibid.
38. MHI Wedemeyer 1972 Interview section 4, p. 7
39. CAB CCS 27th Meeting, 19/6/1942
40. ed. Danchev, Anglo-American Alliance, p. 158
41. JACB 1/14/B
42. eds Danchev and Todman, Diaries, p. 267
43. JACB 1/14/C
44. CAB CCS 28th Meeting, 23/6/1942 section 2, American–British Conversations, p. 334
45. MHI Wedemeyer 1972 Interview section 4, p. 15
46. JACB 1/14/C
47. eds Freedman and others, War, Strategy, p. 180
CHAPTER 8: THE MASTERS AT ARGONAUT: JUNE 1942
1. Moran, Struggle for Survival, p. 33
2. ed. Kimball, Correspondence, i, p. 515
3. Ibid.; JACB 1/14/E
4. MHI Wedemeyer 1973 Interview section 5, p. 6
5. Tully, FDR, p. 304
6. Ibid.
7. Colville, Fringes, p. 382
8. CAB 65/30, pp. 83–90
9. Ismay, Memoirs, p. 255
10. Churchill, Hinge of Fate, pp. 342–3
11. ALAB 9/3/8
12. KENN 4/2/4
13. JACB 1/14/F
14. Churchill, Hinge of Fate, pp. 344–5
15. CHUR 4/277 War Cabinet Paper No. 278 (42)
16. Gilbert, Winston S. Churchill, vii, p. 129; Churchill, Hinge of Fate, pp. 344–5
17. Fraser, Alanbrooke, p. 232
18. Holmes, World at War, pp. 362–3
19. Attlee, As It Happened, p. 123
20. ed. Bland, Interviews, p. 622
21. Morgan, FDR, p. 635
22. Stimson and Bundy, Active Service, p. 220
23. Butler, Grand Strategy, iii Part ii, p. 627
24. eds Danchev and Todman, Diaries, p. 270
25. Pogue, Ordeal and Hope, p. 334; Stimson and Bundy, Active Service, 22/6/1942
26. MAR Pentagon Papers Box 80/33; Parrish, Roosevelt and Marshall, p. 287; Pogue, Ordeal and Hope, p. 334; ed. Bland, Papers, iii, p. 249
27. MAR Pentagon Papers Box 80/33
28. Moran, Struggle for Survival, p. 39
29. JACB 1/14/H and I; Pogue, Ordeal and Hope, p. 333
30. Pogue, Ordeal and Hope, p. 333
31. Eichelberger, Jungle Road to Tokyo, pp. 22–4
32. eds Danchev and Todman, Diaries, p. 271
33. Ismay, Memoirs, p. 257
34. Bryant, Turn of the Tide, pp. 331–2
35. eds Danchev and Todman, Diaries, p. 271
36. Stimson and Bundy, Active Service, p. 216
37. LH 15/15/1, 31/4/1948 and 14/4/1948
38. MHI Handy Interview 1974 section 4, p. 3, and Hull Interview 1973 section, 4, p. 42
39. Churchill, Hinge of Fate, p. 309
40. ALAB 9/3/8
41. Wedemeyer, Wedemeyer Reports!, p. 134
42. ALAB 11/73
43. MHI Handy Interview 1974 section 4, pp. 5–6
44. Mosley, Marshall, p. 204
45. Ismay, Memoirs, p. 250
46. Churchill, Closing the Ring, p. 514
47. MHI Hull Interview 1973 section 4, p. 53
48. ed. Bland, Interviews, p. 588
49. Evening Standard, 28/8/1982, p. 15; Scotsman, 21/8/1982
50. eds Danchev and Todman, Diaries, pp. 272–3; KENN Papers 4/2/4
51. eds Danchev and Todman, Diaries, p. 273
52. ALAB 11/9
53. Wedemeyer, Wedemeyer Reports!, p. 141
54. KENN 4/2/4
CHAPTER 9: TORCH REIGNITED: JULY 1942
1. KENN 4/2/4, p. 180B
2. ed. Bland, Interviews, p. 580
3. Black, Roosevelt, p. 798
4. Keegan, Second World War, p. 312
5. ALAB 11/9
6. Eisenhower, Crusade in Europe, p. 79
7. Fraser, Alanbrooke, p. 240
8. ed. Bland, Interviews, 5/10/1956, p. 590
9. Overy, Why the Allies Won, pp. 44–5
10. Stoler, Allies and Adversaries, p. 116; MHI Hull Interview 1974 section 5, p. 15
11. Wedemeyer, Wedemeyer Reports!, p. 164; Fenby, Alliance, p. 129
12. Gilbert, Winston S. Churchill, vii, p. 137
13. Hansard, 2/7/1942, col. 589
14. AVON 20/1/22
15. CAB 195/1 WM (42) 86th
16. BRGS 2/12, 6/7/1942
17. ALAB 6/2/6/7
18. CAB 65/31, p. 9
19. ed. Dilks, Cadogan, p. 461
20. KENN 4/2/4
21. ed. Kimball, Correspondence, i, p. 518
22. CAB 65/31, p. 14
23. Danchev, ‘Very Special Relationship’, p. 6
24. Stimson and Bundy, Active Service, p. 220
25. ed. Harvey, War Diaries, p. 139
26. Pogue, Ordeal and Hope, p. 340
27. ed. Bland, Interviews, p. 593; MAR Microfilm 322
28. Stoler, Politics of the Second Front, p. 55
29. Mosley, Marshall, p. 205
30. ed. Kimball, Correspondence, i, p. 529
31. Pogue, Ordeal and Hope, pp. 340, 477 n. 1
32. CHAR 20/78/5–6
33. Ibid.
34. Robertson, Soldiers and Statesmen, i, 96
35. Ibid.
36. Ismay, Memoirs, p. 252
37. MHI Handy Interview 1974 section 4, p. 5
38. KENN 4/2/4, p. 181A
39. Pogue, Ordeal and Hope, p. 342; Stimson Diary, 12/7/1942
40. Stimson and Bundy, Active Service, p. 220
41. Ibid., p. 211
42. Parrish, Roosevelt and Marshall, p. 292
43. Reynolds, In Command, pp. 318, 588 n. 13; CHUR 4/277A/7; Churchill, Hinge of Fate, pp. 396–7
44. Reynolds, In Command, passim
45. Wedemeyer, Wedemeyer Reports!, p. 167
46. Gilbert, Winston S. Churchill, vii, p. 149
47. Sherwood, White House Papers, ii, pp. 604–7
48. Butcher, Three Years, p. 20
49. eds Danchev and Todman, Diaries, pp. 281–2
50. CAB 79/56 COS Cmtee No. 75 (Operations), 18/7/1942
51. LH 15/15/1
52. CAB 65/31, p. 33
53. Moran, Struggle for Survival, p. 44
54. eds Danchev and Todman, Diaries, p. 284
55. Gilbert, Winston S. Churchill, vii, p. 151
56. KENN 4/2/4, p. 186
57. CAB 65/31, p. 27
58. Ibid., p. 28
59. Ibid., p. 30
60. eds Danchev and Todman, Diaries, p. 284
61. Butcher, Three Years, p. 24
62. Fenby, Alliance, p. 134
63. KENN 4/2/4, p. 186
64. Ibid.
65. Ibid.
66. Ibid., p. 187
67. eds Danchev and Todman, Diaries, p. 284
68. Ibid.
69. ed. Bland, Interviews, p. 581
70. LH 15/15/1
71. KENN 4/2/4, p. 194
72. Butler, Grand Strategy, iii Part ii, Appendix v, pp. 635, 684–5
73. Howard, Grand Strategy, iv, pp. 191–2
74. eds Danchev and Todman, Diaries, p. 285
75. Howard, Grand Strategy, iv, p. xxi
76. AVON 20/1/22
77. Haffner, Churchill, p. 128
78. MHI Handy Interview 1974 section 4, p. 9
79. Fraser, Alanbrooke, p. 235
80. eds Danchev and Todman, Diaries, p. 406
CHAPTER 10: THE MOST PERILOUS MOMENT OF THE WAR: JULY–NOVEMBER 1942
1. ALAB 11/9
2. Howard, Mediterranean Strategy, p. 33
3. MHI Hull Interview 1973 section 4, p. 42
4. CHAR 20/78/124
5. Howard, Mediterranean Strategy, pp. 32–3
6. CHAR 20/78/79–81, 102
7. Ibid., pp. 100–101; ed. Kimball, Correspondence, i, p. 551
8. FDR Hopkins Papers Container 190
9. KENN 4/2/4, p. 193
10. AVON 20/1/22
11. Tedder, With Prejudice, p. 321
12. KENN 4/2/4, p. 215
13. eds Danchev and Todman, Diaries, p. 290
14. Ibid., pp. 292–3
15. Ibid., p. 293
16. KENN 4/2/5, 20/11/1943
17. Churchill, Hinge of Fate, p. 413
18. JACB 1/17/10
19. BRGS 1/3 and 2/13; CAB 65/31, p. 80
20. Stimson and Bundy, Active Service, p. 221
21. ed. Kimball, Correspondence, i, pp. 510, 562
22. JACB 1/17/Minutes; JACB 1/17/45
23. KENN 4/2/4, p. 302
24. JACB 1/17/10
25. ed. Kemper, Resolution, p. 92
26. Van Der Vat, D-Day, p. 21
27. Mosley, Backs to the Wall, p. 288
28. eds Danchev and Todman, Diaries, p. 317
29. KENN 4/2/4, pp. 206–7
30. Ibid.
31. Dupuy, Genius for War, p. 254
32. KENN 4/2/4, p. 215, 24/8/1942
33. CAB 195/1 WM (42) 118th
34. ed. Kimball, Correspondence, i, p. 578
35. KENN 4/2/4, p. 224
36. ed. Ferrell, Eisenhower Diaries, p. 78
37. Payne, Franco and Hitler, p. 91
38. Clark, Calculated Risk, p. 57
39. Eisenhower, At Ease, p. 365
40. Clark, Calculated Risk, p. 58
41. MAR Pentagon Papers Box 71/20
42. ed. Kimball, Correspondence, i, pp. 581–2
43. CAB 195/1 WM (42) 119th
44. ed. Kimball, Correspondence, i, p. 592
45. ed. Ferrell, Eisenhower Diaries, p. 78
46. ed. Kimball, Correspondence, i, p. 592
47. CAB 65/31, p. 126
48. Ibid., p. 128
49. Ibid., p. 135
50. Stoler, Allies and Adversaries, passim; Stoler, Politics of the Second Front, pp. 75, 114, 167
51. ed. Kimball, Correspondence, i, pp. 603–5
52. KENN 4/2/4, p. 239
53. Overy, Why the Allies Won, p. 44
54. ed. Kimball, Correspondence, i, p. 611
55. Ibid., p. 612
56. Moran, Struggle for Survival, p. 71
57. AVON 20/1/22
58. ed. Harvey, War Diaries, p. 165
59. KENN 4/2/4, 9/10/1942
60. MAR Pentagon Papers Box 80/36
61. Ibid.
62. BRGS 2/13, 26/10/1942
63. Ibid.
64. KENN 4/2/4, p. 255
65. ed. Bland, Interviews, p. 589
66. Stimson and Bundy, Active Service, p. 222
67. MAR Pentagon Papers Box 80/37; FDR Hopkins Papers Container 180
68. FDR Hopkins Papers Container 180
69. CAB 195/1 WM (42) 151st
70. BRGS 2/13, 9/11/1942
71. eds Danchev and Todman, Diaries, p. 340
CHAPTER 11: THE MEDITERRANEAN GARDEN PATH: NOVEMBER 1942–JANUARY 1943
1. KENN 4/2/4, p. 280
2. Ibid.
3. ed. Kemper, Resolution, p. 87
4. ed. Hart-Davis, King’s Counsellor, p. 75
5. ed. Blum, The Price of Vision, p. 132
6. Interview with Lt-Gen. Sir Ian Jacob, 28/10/1988
7. MAR Pentagon Papers Box 80/37
8. Black, Roosevelt, p. 798
9. Gilbert, ‘Churchill and D-Day’, p. 26
10. AVON 20/1/22
11. ed. Taylor, Churchill, p. 193
12. KENN 4/2/4, p. 280
13. BRGS 2/13, 16/11/1942
14. KENN 4/2/4, p. 280
15. ed. Kemper, Resolution, p. 87
16. CUNN Add MSS 52570/123
17. BRGS 2/13, 30/11/1942
18. KENN 4/2/4, p. 302
19. Ibid., p. 307
20. Ibid., pp. 307–8
21. Danchev, ‘Waltzing’, p. 221
22. eds Danchev and Todman, Diaries, pp. 347–8
23. MAR Pentagon Papers Box 58/30
24. KENN 4/2/5, 24/5/1943
25. CAB 195/2 WM (42) 168th
26. CHAR 20/85/13
27. ed. Harvey, War Diaries, p. 200
28. Gilbert, Winston S. Churchill, vii, pp. 281–2
29. KENN 4/2/4, pp. 311–12
30. Brodhurst, Churchill’s Anchor, p. 261
31. CAB 195/2 WM (42) 170th
32. FDR Personal File 8277
33. CAB 195/2 WM (42) 171st; CAB 195/2 WM (43) 1st
34. CAB 195/2 WM (42) 171st
35. AVON 20/1/22
36. Ibid.
37. Ibid.
38. Morison, American Contributions, pp. 14–15
39. CAB 195/2 WM (43) 4th
40. Tedder, With Prejudice, Preface
41. eds Danchev and Todman, Diaries, p. 357
42. Nicolson, Alex, p. 171
43. LEAH Leahy Diary reel 4, p. 71
44. eds Danchev and Todman, Diaries, p. 358
CHAPTER 12: THE CASABLANCA CONFERENCE: JANUARY 1943
1. Berlin, Mr Churchill, pp. 37–8
2. Astley, Inner Circle, p. 87
3. JACB 1/21/32
4. JACB 1/21/33–4
5. KENN 4/2/4, p. 291, 27/11/1942
6. JACB 1/21/35
7. JACB 1/21/52
8. JACB 1/21/37
9. ed. Huston, American Airpower, i, p. 463
10. eds Danchev and Todman, Diaries, p. 359
11. KENN 4/2/5, p. 12
12. Ibid.
13. Brian Bond in eds Freedman and others, War, Strategy, p. 182
14. Wedemeyer, Wedemeyer Reports!, p. 178
15. Ibid., p. 181
16. ed. Sherwood, White House Papers, ii, p. 672
17. MHI Wedemeyer 1973 Interview section 5, p. 28
18. Black, Roosevelt, p. 93
19. Roosevelt, As He Saw It, p. 83
20. Macmillan, War Diaries, p. 8
21. LH 15/15/1
22. eds Danchev and Todman, Diaries, p. 360
23. Ibid., p. 361
24. Moran, Struggle for Survival, pp. 720–21
25. FRUS, Washington, 1941–1942 and Casablanca, 1943, p. 594
26. ed. Huston, American Airpower, i, p. 463
27. Howard, Mediterranean Strategy, p. 35
28. Ibid., p. 37
29. eds Danchev and Todman, Diaries, p. 361
30. ALAB 6/1/1, p. 236
31. Ibid., p. 239; Hayes, History of the Joint Chiefs, pp. 286–8
32. Wedemeyer, Wedemeyer Reports!, p. 167
33. KENN 4/2/5, p. 25
34. eds Danchev and Todman, Diaries, p. 362
35. Ibid.; Danchev, ‘Very Special Relationship’, p. 6
36. Mosley, Marshall, pp. xi, 227
37. Black, Roosevelt, p. 799
38. JACB 1/2/44
39. Gilbert, ‘Churchill and D-Day’, p. 26
40. JACB 1/21/50
41. MHI Handy Interview 1974 section 3, p. 42
42. MHI Hull Interview 1973 section 4, p. 12
43. Macmillan, War Diaries, p. 8
44. JACB 1/21/25
45. MHI Wedemeyer 1973 Interview section 5, pp. 27–8
46. MHI Wedemeyer 1972 Interview section 4, p. 3
47. ed. Bland, Interviews, p. 608; MAR GCM Library Xerox 2256
48. KENN 4/2/5, p. 38
49. eds Danchev and Todman, Diaries, p. 364
50. JACB 1/21/44
51. eds Danchev and Todman, Diaries, p. 366
52. JACB 1/21/44
53. KENN 4/2/5, p. 44
54. Ibid.
55. eds Danchev and Todman, Diaries, p. 367
56. ALAB 6/1/1, p. 236
57. Arnold, Global Mission, p. 204
58. Black, Roosevelt, pp. 805–6
59. PEAK Correspondence, 26/12/1944
60. Wedemeyer, Wedemeyer Reports!, p. 179
61. Ibid., p. 181; MHI Wedemeyer 1972 Interview section 4, p. 16
62. BLAC
63. Jackson and Bramall, The Chiefs, p. 239
64. LH 15/15/1
CHAPTER 13: THE HARD UNDERBELLY OF EUROPE: JANUARY–JUNE 1943
1. Sunday Telegraph review of Fraser, Alanbrooke, 2/5/1982
2. JACB 1/21/42
3. ALAB 9/3/8
4. Coombs, Life through his Paintings, p. 163
5. BBC interview in 1959, Videotape no. VC338475
6. Sandys, Chasing Churchill, p. 160; BRGS 1/3
7. Hassett, Off the Record, pp. 151–2
8. Beevor, Stalingrad, pp. 387ff.
9. ed. Kimball, Correspondence, ii, 133
10. KENN 4/2/5, p. 38
11. Moran, Struggle for Survival, p. 88
12. CAB 195/2 WM (43) 34th
13. eds Danchev and Todman, Diaries, p. 386
14. CAB 195/2 WM (43) 37th
15. Ibid.
16. CAB 195/2 WM (43) 40th
17. CAB 195/2 WM (43) 48th, 6/4/1943
18. BRGS 2/16, 8/3/1943
19. CAB 195/2 WM (43) 44th
20. BRGS 2/16, 29/3/1943
21. Dupuy, Genius for War, pp. 253–5
22. CAB 65/38, p. 6
23. KENN 4/2/3
24. CAB 195/2 WM (43) 53rd
25. Alex Danchev in eds Reynolds and Kimball, Allies at War, p. 18
26. eds Danchev and Todman, Diaries, p. 394
27. ed. Hart-Davis, King’s Counsellor, p. 129
28. Howard, Mediterranean Strategy, p. 39
29. LEAH Reel 4, pp. 109–10
30. Moran, Struggle for Survival, p. 96
31. eds Danchev and Todman, Diaries, p. 402
32. Moran, Struggle for Survival, p. 96
33. LEAH Reel 4, p. 110; Leahy, I Was There, p. 191
34. eds Danchev and Todman, Diaries, pp. 403–4
35. Tuchman, Stilwell, p. 371
36. Astley, Inner Circle, p. 95
37. MAR Pentagon Papers Box 116
38. Black, Roosevelt, p. 832
39. MAR D736/1B3
40. MAR Pentagon Papers Box 116
41. ALAB 11/73, 23/6/1955
42. eds Danchev and Todman, Diaries, p. 405
43. LEAH Reel 4, p. 111
44. eds Danchev and Todman, Diaries, p. 406
45. Jackson and Bramall, The Chiefs, p. 243
46. ALAB 9/3/8
47. Howard, Grand Strategy, iv, p. 432
48. Brian Bond in eds Freedman and others, War, Strategy, p. 183
49. Leahy, I Was There, p. 193
50. FRUS, Washington and Quebec, 1943, pp. 34–48
51. Leahy, I Was There, p. 194
52. LEAH Reel 4, p. 113
53. eds Danchev and Todman, Diaries, p. 410
54. Stimson and Bundy, Active Service, p. 223
55. Blum, Years of War, p. 63
56. ed. Bland, Papers, iii, p. 708
57. ed. Bland, Interviews, 20/11/1956, pp. 552–3
58. Churchill, Hinge of Fate, pp. 812–13
59. Ismay, Memoirs, p. 253; ed. Soames, Speaking for Themselves, p. 483
60. Moran, Struggle for Survival, p. 272
61. Roosevelt, As He Saw It, pp. 144, 184
62. Eisenhower, At Ease, p. 264
63. ed. Bland, Papers, iv, pp. 3–4
64. Morgan, FDR, p. 632
65. Moran, Struggle for Survival, p. 79
66. Ibid., p. 103
67. MHI Typescript for John R. Deane’s Strange Alliance, 1946
68. CAB 195/2, WM (43) 81st
69. Ibid.
70. BRGS 2/17, 7/6/1943
CHAPTER 14: THE OVERLORDSHIP OF OVERLORD: JUNE–AUGUST 1943
1. MHI Charles Donnelly Autobiography, p. 640
2. eds Danchev and Todman, Diaries, p. 420
3. Leahy, I Was There, p. 195
4. Roosevelt, Rendezvous with Destiny, p. 338
5. ed. Kimball, Correspondence, ii, pp. 303–4
6. KENN 4/2/5
7. ed. Dilks, Cadogan, p. 545
8. CAB 195/2 WM (43) 94th, 7/7/1943
9. eds Danchev and Todman, Diaries, p. 427
10. BRGS 2/17, 12/7/43
11. Howard, Mediterranean Strategy, p. 40
12. Ibid.
13. Stimson and Bundy, Active Service, p. 222
14. Ibid., p. 226
15. Ibid.
16. Howard, Mediterranean Strategy, p. 45
17. KENN 4/2/5
18. Nicolson, Alex, p. 206
19. Butcher, Three Years, p. 330
20. Nicolson, Alex, p. 207
21. ALAB 9/3/8; KENN 4/2/5
22. AVON 20/1/23
23. Brodhurst, Churchill’s Anchor, p. 281
24. Astley, Inner Circle, pp. 103–4
25. MHI Pogue Interview, 26/2/1947, p. 1
26. Astley, Inner Circle, p. 109
27. Jackson and Bramall, The Chiefs, p. 247
28. Cozzens, Guard of Honor, p. 395
29. Stimson and Bundy, Active Service, pp. 228–9
30. Morgan, Overture to Overlord, pp. 159, 181, 188
31. Howard, Grand Strategy, iv, pp. 563, 569
32. eds Danchev and Todman, Diaries, pp. 441–2
33. Moran, Struggle for Survival, p. 720
34. Churchill, Closing the Ring, p. 76
35. CHUR 4/319A/7
36. Ibid.
37. Stimson and Bundy, Active Service, pp. 228–9
38. ALAB 11/64
39. KENN 4/2/5, 13/9/1943
40. MHI Pogue Interview, 17/12/46, pp. 1–2
CHAPTER 15: FROM THE ST LAWRENCE TO THE PYRAMIDS: AUGUST–NOVEMBER 1943
1. eds Danchev and Todman, Diaries, p. 447
2. Ibid., p. 442
3. ed. Bland, Interviews, 5/10/1956, p. 590
4. eds Danchev and Todman, Diaries, p. 443
5. Danchev, On Specialness, p. 27
6. MHI Pogue Interview, 26/2/1947, p. 4
7. Liddell Hart in ed. Taylor, Churchill, p. 194
8. eds Danchev and Todman, Diaries, p. 445
9. Ibid., pp. 444–5
10. Ibid., pp. 445–6; Leahy, I Was There, p. 213; MHI Donnelly Autobiography, pp. 633–4
11. ed. Bland, Papers, iv, pp. 91–4; FRUS, Washington and Quebec, 1943, pp. 1024–5
12. eds Danchev and Todman, Diaries, p. 709; Rose, Churchill, p. 323
13. MHI Wedemeyer 1973 Interview section 5, p. 35
14. eds Danchev and Todman, Diaries, pp. 447–8; Brian Bond in eds Freedman and others, War, Strategy, p. 184
15. ASTL Major Buckley Recollections
16. eds Danchev and Todman, Diaries, p. 449
17. KENN 4/2/5
18. Nicolson in Financial Times, 24/4/1982
19. KENN 4/2/5
20. Ibid.
21. See Howard, Captain Professor for a first-hand account of the Italian campaign
22. Howard, Mediterranean Strategy, p. 42
23. Warlimont, Inside Hitler’s Headquarters, p. 387
24. AVON 20/1/23
25. ed. Kimball, Correspondence, ii, p. 506
26. Brian Bond in eds Freedman and others, War, Strategy, p. 185
27. ed. Kimball, Correspondence, ii, pp. 498–9; Ehrman, Grand Strategy, v, p. 95
28. Morison, American Contributions, p. 32; ed. Bland, Interviews, p. 622
29. ed. Bland, Interviews, p. 321
30. Reynolds, In Command, pp. 357–8
31. KENN 4/2/5
32. ed. Bland, Papers, iv, pp. 128–9
33. Butcher, Three Years, p. 360
34. BRGS 2/18
35. MAR Pentagon Papers Box 81/2
36. Ibid.
37. AVON 20/1/23
38. AVON 20/1/24, 18/11/1944
39. KENN 4/2/5
40. eds Danchev and Todman, Diaries, p. 386
41. ed. Hart-Davis, King’s Counsellor, p. 176
42. Reynolds, In Command, pp. 379–80
43. DUPO 2/3; Pawle, The War and Colonel Warden, p. 253
44. Colville, Footprints, p. 188
45. Jackson and Bramall, The Chiefs, p. 250
46. Winton, Cunningham, p. 211
47. Frank McLynn in Literary Review, September 1998, p. 17
48. Winton, Cunningham, p. 337
49. ed. Kimball, Correspondence, ii, pp. 555–7
50. CHAR 20/122/22
51. eds Danchev and Todman, Diaries, p. 462
52. Ibid., pp. 462–3
53. Brian Bond in eds Freedman and others, War, Strategy, p. 186
54. Stoler, Politics of the Second Front, p. 131; ed. Dilks, Cadogan, p. 571
55. Howard, Mediterranean Strategy, pp. 35, 56
56. MAR Pentagon Papers Box 81/4
57. Moran, Struggle for Survival, p. 562
58. KENN 4/2/5
59. Ibid.
60. eds Danchev and Todman, Diary, p. 465
61. Howard, Mediterranean Strategy, p. 47
62. ed. Bland, Papers, iv, pp. 127, 176–8
63. ed. Hart-Davis, King’s Counsellor, p. 176
64. CHAR 20/124/5
CHAPTER 16: EUREKA! AT TEHERAN: NOVEMBER–DECEMBER 1943
1. Arnold, Global Mission, p. 219
2. Ehrman, Grand Strategy, v, p. 111; Brian Bond in eds Freedman and others, War, Strategy, p. 187
3. Leighton, ‘Overlord Revisited’
4. MHI Sidney Matthews Box 3, 15/11/1943
5. KENN 4/2/5
6. eds Danchev and Todman, Diaries, pp. 472–3
7. MHI Sidney Matthews Box 3, 19/11/1943
8. MAR Pentagon Papers Box 81/5
9. MHI Sidney Matthews Box 3, 19/11/1943
10. Ibid.
11. MHI Charles Donnelly Autobiography, p. 672
12. Douglas, Years of Command, p. 229
13. Cunningham, Odyssey, p. 586
14. ASTL Major Buckley’s Recollections
15. MHI Charles Donnelly World War II Conferences Box
16. eds Danchev and Todman, Diaries, pp. 477, 479; ed. Bland, Papers, iv, p. 192
17. eds Danchev and Todman, Diaries, p. 478
18. Arnold, Global Mission, p. 220
19. Ronald Lewin in The Times, 13/5/1982
20. ed. White, Stilwell Papers, pp. 230–32
21. Douglas, Years of Command, p. 188
22. Pogue, Ordeal and Hope, pp. 330–31
23. Black, Roosevelt, p. 799
24. ed. White, Stilwell Papers, pp. 230–32
25. eds Danchev and Todman, Diaries, pp. 478–80
26. Tuchman, Stilwell, pp. 403–4
27. MHI Wedemeyer 1973 Interview section 6, p. 7
28. ed. Bland, Papers, iv, p. 192
29. MHI Charles Donnelly Autobiography, p. 669
30. Ibid., p. 670
31. Arnold, Global Mission, p. 221
32. ed. Dilks, Cadogan, p. 578
33. Stoler, Allies and Adversaries, chapters 6 and 7
34. ed. Dilks, Cadogan, p. 539
35. Moran, Struggle for Survival, p. 131
36. Ibid.
37. Ibid., p. 132
38. Ingersoll, Top Secret, p. 48
39. eds Danchev and Todman, War Diaries, p. 481
40. Cunningham, Odyssey, p. 587
41. FRUS, Cairo and Tehran, 1943, pp. 150–51, 363–5
42. eds Danchev and Todman, Diaries, p. 476, 43. ASTL Major Buckley Recollections
44. eds Danchev and Todman, Diaries, p. 483
45. FRUS, Cairo and Tehran, 1943, pp. 499–501, 505–7
46. Arnold, Global Mission, p. 224
47. ASTL Major Buckley Recollections
48. Perkins, The Roosevelt I Knew, pp. 70–71
49. Lunghi, ‘Troubled Triumvirate’, pp. 17–18
50. Churchill, Closing the Ring, pp. 377, 378
51. Leahy, I Was There, p. 191
52. Sherwood, White House Papers, ii, p. 778
53. Ibid.
54. Letter to author from Hugh Lunghi, 2/1/2008; Brian Bond in eds Freedman and others, War, Strategy, p. 187
55. MHI Wedemeyer 1973 Interview section 5, p. 35
56. Deane, Strange Alliance, p. 42
57. ed. Bland, Papers, iv, p. 194
58. Harriman and Abel, Special Envoy, p. 271
59. Ibid.
60. ALAB 3/8
61. Bohlen, Witness to History, pp. 149–50
62. Ehrman, Grand Strategy, v, p. 189
63. Howard, Mediterranean Strategy, p. 57 n. 3
64. Holmes, Footsteps, p. 263
65. ed. Bland, Interviews, p. 344
66. Stimson and Bundy, Active Service, pp. 222–3
67. Ibid.
68. MHI Handy Interview 1974 section 4, p. 30
69. Roosevelt, As He Saw It, p. 210
CHAPTER 17: ANZIO, ANVIL AND CULVERIN: DECEMBER 1943–MAY 1944
1. Churchill, Finest Hour, p. 20
2. KENN 4/2/5, 9/12/1943
3. ed. Kimball, Correspondence, ii, pp. 622–3
4. Hastings, Overlord, p. 32
5. eds Heiber and Glantz, Hitler and his Generals, p. 316
6. CHAR 20/130/39
7. CHAR 20/179/37
8. MAR GCM Library Xerox 2256, note 14; Howard, Mediterranean Strategy, p. 58
9. Clark, Calculated Risk, p. 348
10. Howard, Mediterranean Strategy, p. 51
11. ed. Bland, Interviews, p. 339
12. eds Danchev and Todman, Diaries, p. 459
13. Warlimont, Inside Hitler’s Headquarters, p. 411
14. eds Reynolds and Kimball, Allies at War, p. 13
15. LH 15/15/2
16. MAR Pentagon Papers Box 80/31
17. BRGS 2/19
18. Eisenhower, At Ease, p. 273
19. ed. Chandler, Papers, iii, p. 1707
20. ALAB 6/2/3/B
21. ed. Nicolson, Diaries and Letters, p. 348
22. BRGS 2/19
23. MAR Pentagon Papers Box 81/9
24. ed. Chandler, Papers, iii, pp. 1732–6
25. ed. Bland, Papers, iv, pp. 313–14
26. BRGS 2/19
27. Ehrman, Grand Strategy, v, pp. 230–31
28. Marshall, Together, p. 188; Meacham, Franklin and Winston, p. 274
29. Howard, Mediterranean Strategy, p. 59
30. eds Danchev and Todman, Diaries, pp. 529, 530
31. ed. Bland, Papers, iv, p. 342
32. Dupuy, Genius for War, p. 254
33. Farrell, Basis and Making, ii, p. 777
34. Matloff, Strategic Planning, chapter 14
35. CHAR 20/188A/64–5
36. Ibid., p. 66
37. Ibid., p. 68
38. LH 15/15/2
39. Reynolds, In Command, pp. 403–4
40. ALAB 6/3/10
41. Halifax Diary, 20/2/1942
42. MHI Pogue Interview, 17/12/46, p. 4
43. BRGS 2/20
44. ALAB 6/3/9
45. CHAR 20/188B/128; ALAB 6/3/9
46. CHAR 20/188B/132
47. ALAB 6/3/10
48. ALAB 11/9; Smith, Government, p. 208
49. ALAB 6/3/10
50. Halifax Diary, 31/3/1944
51. Matloff, Strategic Planning, pp. 424–5
52. MHI, Caraway Interview 1971 section 6, p. 59
53. DILL 3/1
54. ed. Bland, Papers, iv, p. 404
55. CUNN Add MSS 52577/7
56. ed. Bland, Papers, iv, p. 405
57. Ibid.
58. Reynolds, In Command, p. 393
59. CHAR 20/163/15
60. CHAR 20/163/59
61. eds Danchev and Todman, Diaries, p. 551
62. ed. Kemper, Resolution, p. 86
63. eds Danchev and Todman, Diaries, p. 544
64. CUNN Add MSS 52577/26
65. Hastings, Overlord, pp. 33–4
66. BRGS 2/20
67. CUNN Add MSS 52577/8
68. Cray, General of the Army, pp. 449–50
69. ed. Bland, Papers, iv, p. 468
CHAPTER 18: D-DAY AND DRAGOON: MAY–AUGUST 1944
1. ed. Kemper, Resolution, p. 83
2. ed. Kimball, Correspondence, iii, p. 153
3. Djilas, Conversations with Stalin, p. 61
4. CUNN Add MSS 52577/8
5. BRGS 2/21
6. Ibid.
7. Butcher, Three Years, p. 486
8. Brian Bond in eds Freedman and others, War, Strategy, p. 190
9. Ehrman, Grand Strategy, v, pp. 279–80
10. eds Reynolds and Kimball, Allies at War, p. 18
11. MHI Charles Donnelly Autobiography, p. 689
12. MHI Handy Interview 1974 section 3, pp. 46–7
13. Morison, American Contributions, p. 29
14. ed. Bland, Interviews, p. 589
15. Bryant, Triumph in the West, p. 223
16. CUNN Add MSS 52577/31
17. ed. Bland, Papers, iv, p. 477
18. MHI Handy Interview 1974 section 3, p. 47
19. ALAB 9/3/8
20. LH 15/15/1
21. ed. Taylor, Churchill, p. 196
22. ed. Hart-Davis, King’s Counsellor, p. 233
23. eds Danchev and Todman, Diaries, p. 560
24. ed. Chandler, Papers, iii, pp. 1938–9
25. ed. Bond, Chief of Staff, ii, p. 177
26. CUNN Add MSS 52577/36; ed. Kimball, Correspondence, iii, p. 199
27. Danchev, ‘Very Special Relationship’, p. 4
28. Howard, Mediterranean Strategy, p. 61
29. CUNN Add MSS 52577/38
30. Ibid.
31. ed. Bland, Papers, iv, pp. 497–8
32. ed. Kemper, Resolution, p. 83
33. Macmillan, War Diaries, p. 476
34. ed. Kimball, Correspondence, iii, pp. 227–9
35. ed. Hart-Davis, King’s Counsellor, p. 208
36. Holmes, Footsteps, p. 263
37. CUNN Add MSS 52577/42
38. BRGS 2/21
39. Gilbert, Winston S. Churchill, vii, p. 843
40. eds Danchev and Todman, Diaries, p. 566
41. CUNN Add MSS 52577/42
42. AVON 20/1/24
43. Ibid.
44. CUNN Add MSS 52577/40
45. AVON 20/1/24
46. ed. Bland, Papers, iv, p. 524
47. CUNN Add MSS 52577/51
48. ALAB 6/3/6
49. CUNN Add MSS 52577/55
50. Gilbert, Winston S. Churchill, vii, p. 877
51. AVON 20/1/24
52. CUNN Add MSS 52577/57
53. Ibid., p. 58
54. Ibid., p. 94
CHAPTER 19: OCTAGON AND TOLSTOY: AUGUST–DECEMBER 1944
1. ed. Davenport-Hines, Letters from Oxford, pp. 33–4
2. CUNN Add MSS 52577/65
3. MAR Pentagon Papers Box 81/21
4. CUNN Add MSS 52577/67
5. Ibid., p. 68
6. Blum, Years of War, pp. 362–3
7. eds Danchev and Todman, Diaries, p. 590
8. Pickersgill and Forster, Mackenzie King Record, ii, p. 67
9. Ibid.
10. Ehrman, Grand Strategy, v, pp. 510–12
11. FRUS, Quebec, 1944, p. 303
12. Bryant, Triumph in the West, p. 283n
13. MHI Charles Donnelly Autobiography, p. 697
14. MHI Pogue Interview, 12/2/1947, p. 1
15. LH 15/15/1
16. Howard, Mediterranean Strategy, p. 66
17. Morison, American Contributions, p. 34
18. ALAB 6/1/5, p. 236
19. FRUS, Quebec, 1944, pp. 40–41
20. Ibid., pp. 238, 313
21. ALAB 6/1/5, p. 240
22. Cunningham, Odyssey, p. 611; ALAB 6/1/5, p. 241; FRUS, Quebec, 1944, pp. 312ff.
23. Buell, Master of Sea Power, pp. 470–71
24. Ibid., p. 536
25. Ibid., p. 471
26. FRUS, Quebec, 1944, pp. 330–35
27. Arnold, Global Mission, p. 243
28. Buell, Master of Sea Power, p. 471
29. ed. Huston, American Airpower, ii, p. 212 n. 23
30. FRUS, Quebec, 1944, p. 335
31. Cunningham, Odyssey, p. 597
32. Kimball, Forged in War, p. 276
33. CUNN Add MSS 52577/73
34. BRGS 2/22
35. Deane, Strange Alliance, p. 155
36. eds Barnes and Nicholson, Empire at Bay, p. 1018
37. CUNN Add MSS 52577/110
38. Danchev, ‘Very Special Relationship’, p. 1
39. CUNN Add MSS 52577/110, p. 96
40. CHAR 20/174/92
41. Montgomery, Memoirs, pp. 534–5
42. PORT Box A File V
43. Eisenhower, General Ike, p. 124
44. BRGS 2/22, 29/11/1944
45. CUNN Add MSS 52577/109
CHAPTER 20: AUTUMN MIST: DECEMBER 1944–FEBRUARY 1945
1. CUNN Add MSS 52577/109
2. Hobbs, Dear General, p. 183
3. MHI Pogue Interview, 14/2/1947, p. 1
4. PORT Box A File V
5. CUNN Add MSS 52578/4
6. MHI Pogue Interview, 8/5/1947, p. 3
7. CHAR 20/197A/92
8. eds Barnes and Nicholson, Empire at Bay, p. 1026
9. FRUS, Malta and Yalta, 1945, pp. 22–3
10. BRGS 2/23
11. CUNN Add MSS 52578/5
12. DILL 3/1
13. ed. Bland, Interviews, p. 550
14. BRGS 2/23
15. CUNN Add MSS 52578/13; eds Danchev and Todman, Diaries, p. 651
16. FRUS, Malta and Yalta, 1945, p. 473
17. ed. Soames, Speaking for Themselves, pp. 511–12
18. CUNN Add MSS 52578/15
19. MAR GCM Library Microfilm Reel 322 Part i, 25/7/1949
20. eds Danchev and Todman, Diaries, p. 653
21. ed. Bland, Interviews, p. 400; MAR GCM Library Microfilm Reel 322 Part ii, 25/7/1949
22. MAR GCM Library Microfilm Reel 322 Part ii, 25/7/1949
23. Ibid.
24. Black, Nixon, pp. 265, 323
25. Schlesinger, A Thousand Days, p. 16
26. FRUS, Malta and Yalta, 1945, p. 543
27. Moran, Struggle for Survival, p. 348
28. MHI Charles Donnelly Autobiography, p. 713
29. ASTL Joan Bright to Ismay, 10/2/1945
30. MHI Hull Autobiography chapter 18, p. 7
31. Sir Stewart Crawford’s Diary: Yalta section
CHAPTER 21: YALTA REQUIEM: FEBRUARY–MAY 1945
1. ed. Dilks, Cadogan, p. 432
2. ed. Bland, Interviews, p. 415
3. ed. Kimball, Correspondence, iii, p. 524
4. ed. Bland, Interviews, pp. 400, 406
5. ed. Hart-Davis, King’s Counsellor, p. 297
6. MHI Charles Donnelly Autobiography, p. 721
7. MHI Hull Autobiography chapter 18, p. 7
8. Sir Stewart Crawford’s Diary, Yalta section
9. FRUS, Malta and Yalta, 1945, pp. 564–7; Farrell, Basis and Making, ii, p. 778
10. ed. Bland, Papers, v, p. 44
11. CUNN Add MSS 52578/15–16
12. FRUS, Malta and Yalta, 1945, pp. 650–53
13. CUNN Add MSS 52578/17; Rose, Churchill, p. 313
14. BRGS 1/2
15. Ranfurly, To War, p. 328
16. ed. Parrish, Simon and Schuster Encyclopedia, p. 520
17. MHI Charles Donnelly Autobiography, p. 721
18. Ibid.
19. CUNN Add MSS 52578/18
20. MHI Hull Interview Session 7, p. 4
21. CUNN Add MSS 52578/26
22. Reynolds, Summits, p. 102; Cowles, Churchill, p. 339
23. BRGS 2/23
24. Ibid.
25. CAB 65/51/77–9
26. BRGS 1/2
27. ALAB 6/3/5
28. MHI Pogue Interview, 13/2/1947, p. 2
29. ALAB 6/3/5
30. ALAB 9/3/8
31. ed. Kimball, Correspondence, iii, p. 574
32. CUNN Add MSS 52578/36
33. Butcher, Three Years, p. 663
34. ed. Chandler, Papers, iv, p. 2589
35. CUNN Add MSS 52578/39
36. CHAR 20/213A/101–14
37. CUNN Add MSS 52578/40
38. CHAR 20/213A/101–14
39. MAR Pentagon Papers Box 81/32
40. ed. Bland, Papers, v, p. 114 n. 1
41. Cowles, Churchill, p. 350; ed. Kimball, Correspondence, iii, p. 608
42. MAR Pentagon Papers Box 81/32
43. CUNN Add MSS 52578/45
44. Below, At Hitler’s Side, p. 234; Kershaw, Hitler, pp. 791–2
45. Colville, Fringes, p. 587
46. ed. Hart-Davis, King’s Counsellor, p. 313
47. Moran, Struggle for Survival, p. 347
48. CAB 195/3 WM (45) 44th
49. Best, Churchill and War, p. 135; Jenkins, Churchill, p. 785
50. Churchill, Triumph and Tragedy, pp. 413–17
51. CUNN Add MSS 52578/47
52. ed. Bland, Papers, v, p. 159
53. CUNN Add MSS 52578/52
54. eds Danchev and Todman, Diaries, pp. 686–7
55. Astley, Inner Circle, p. 209
56. CUNN Add MSS 52578/56
57. ed. Bland, Papers, v, p. 171 n. 1
58. eds Danchev and Todman, Diaries, p. 688; CUNN Add MSS 52578/56
CONCLUSION: THE RIDDLES OF THE WAR
1. eds. Danchev and Todman, Diaries, p. 680
2. Moran, Struggle for Survival, p. 110
3. Berlin, Mr Churchill, pp. 37–8
4. Moran, Struggle for Survival, p. 326
5. ALAB 11/64
6. London Review of Books, 2–15/9/1982, p. 16
7. ed. Bland, Interviews, p. 589
8. Alex Danchev in eds Reynolds and Kimball, Allies at War, p. 18
9. Moran, Struggle for Survival, p. 45
10. Wedemeyer, Wedemeyer Reports!, p. 168
11. Stimson and Bundy, Active Service, p. 235
12. LH 15/15/1
13. KENN 4/2/4, pp. 180–82B
14. MHI Pogue Interview, 12/2/1947
15. KENN 4/2/5, p. 6
16. MHI Wedemeyer 1973 Interview section 5, pp. 1–2
17. Howard, Mediterranean Strategy, p. 24
18. Stimson and Bundy, Active Service, p. 237
19. MAR GCM Library Microfilm Reel 322 Part i, 25/7/1949; MAR GCM Library Xerox, p. 2256
20. ed. Trevor-Roper, Hitler’s Table Talk, pp. 538–9
21. My thanks to Paul Courtenay for this paragraph
22. Major-General David Dawnay, Wish Stream, vol. 7 no. 2, October 1953