Chapter One: THE HURRICANE COMES LATER
Sowing the Wind
1 The Crime against Kansas: Speech of Hon. Charles Sumner in the Senate of the United States, 19th and 20th May, 1856; Boston, Cleveland and New York, 1856; History of the United States from the Compromise of 1850, by James Ford Rhodes, Vol. II, pp. 132-33; Abraham Lincoln: The War Years, by Carl Sandburg, Vol. I, p. 103.
2 Life of Charles Sumner, by Walter G. Shotwell, pp. 217, 241; Rhodes, op. cit., pp. 135-36.
3 The Crime against Kansas.
4 John Brown, 1800-1859: A Biography Fifty Years After, by Oswald Garrison Villard (cited hereafter as Villard), p. 93.
5 Rhodes, op. cit., pp. 155-57; Villard, op. cit. 142-45.
6 Rhodes, op. cit., pp. 158-60; A Standard History of Kansas and Kansans, by William E. Connelley, Vol. I, pp. 551-52; Bleeding Kansas, by. Alice Nichols, pp. 105-9.
7 Alleged Assault upon Senator Sumner; report of the Select Committee appointed under the resolution of the House, passed on the 23rd day of May, 1856; Shotwell, op. cit., pp. 331-32.
8 For the conflicting testimony about the seriousness of Sumner’s injuries, see the report of the House Committee, cited above. A grave view of the after effect of the blows is taken in the Shotwell biography of Sumner, p. 342. Brooks’s cane appears to have been a hollow affair made of gutta-percha, easily broken. That Sumner was considered, by himself and his doctors, to have been seriously injured is clearly evident in the letters he wrote and received throughout the summer of 1856. (Manuscript collection owned by Mrs. Mary Reeve of Clearfield, Pennsylvania.)
9 Villard, op. cit., pp. 85, 93, 153.
10 Rhodes, op. cit., p. 162; Villard, op. cit., pp. 153-54.
11 This account of the Pottawatomie murders follows Villard, op. cit., p. 155 et seq.
Where They Were Bound to Go
1 A fascinating description of the Lake Superior-St. Mary’s River country before the building of the Soo Canal is to be found in The Long Ships Passing: The Story of the Great Lakes, by Walter Havighurst, pp. 43-44, 72, 200. See also Michigan: A Guide to the Wolverine State, p. 124.
2 History of the Sault Ste. Marie Canal, by Dwight H. Kelton, pp. 6-15; Michigan: A Guide to the Wolverine State, p. 345; Cleveland, the Making of a City, by William Ganson Rose, pp. 222-24, 236, 274; Havighurst, op. cit., pp. 230-31.
3 Main Line of Mid-America: The Story of the Illinois Central, by Carlton J. Corliss, pp. 63-65, 76, 82, 84; Havighurst, op. cit., p. 83, pp. 128-29.
4 Life in the Middle West, by James S. Clark, pp. 10-15, 25. This artless book contains a singularly ingratiating account of life on the Ohio frontier.
5 Ibid., p. 35.
6 Democracy in the Middle West, by Jeannette P. Nichols and James G. Randall, p. 31. For a good summary of the change that came over the Middle West in the pre-war decade, see The Growth of the American Republic, by Samuel Eliot Morison and Henry Steele Commager, Vol. I, p. 618.
Light Over the Marshes
1 In a speech made at Peoria, Ill., on Oct. 16, 1854. See The Living Lincoln, edited by Paul Augle and Earl Schenck Miers, pp. 161–73.
2 Capt. James Chester, “Inside Sumter in ’61,” from Battles and Leaders of the Civil War, Vol. I, pp. 20-31. (This work is cited hereafter as B. & L.) In the same Volume, see also Gen. Abner Doubleday, “From Moultrie to Sumter,” pp. 40-47; in addition, Maj. Anderson’s message to Adj. Gen. Samuel Cooper, Official Records, Vol. I, pp. 2, 3.
3 Scott’s letters are in the Official Records, Vol. I, pp. 112, 114.
4 Official Records, Vol. I, p. 195.
5 Ibid., pp. 196-98.
6 Ibid., pp. 211, 245, 248, 285; B. & L., Vol. I, pp. 65-66.
7 Ibid., pp. 74-76.
Chapter Two: NOT TO BE ENDED QUICKLY
Men Who Could be Led
1 B. & L., Vol. I, p. 85.
2 Sandburg, op. cit., Vol. I, pp. 211-14. For an appraisal of Douglas’s influence in Illinois, see The Borderland in the Civil War, by Edward Conrad Smith, p. 179.
3 The Sherman Letters: Correspondence between General and Senator Sherman from 1837 to 1891, edited by Rachel Sherman Thorndike; p. 110; The Blue and the Gray, edited by Henry Steele Commager, pp. 40, 43; The Rebellion Record, edited by Frank Moore, Vol. I, Part 1, p. 45; B. & L., Vol. I, p. 84.
4 War Papers Read before the Commandery of the State of Michigan, Military Order of the Loyal Leaxon of the United States, Vol. I, pp. 8-11.
5 Rebellion Record, Vol. I, Part 2, pp. 86-87.
6 A History of the Sixth Iowa Infantry, by Henry H. Wright, p. 11; The Story of a Cavalry Regiment: The Career of the Fourth Iowa Veteran Volunteers, by William Forse Scott, pp. 1-3.
7 Army Life of an Illinois Soldier: Letters and Diary of the Late Charles Wills, compiled and published by his sister, p. 8; History of the Sixth Regiment, Indiana Volunteer Infantry, by C. C. Briant, pp. 4-5; The History of the 9th Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry, by Daniel George MacNamara, p. 11; Rebellion Record, Vol. I, Part 1, p. 45; A Narrative of the Formation and Services of the Eleventh Massachusetts Volunteers, by Gustavus B. Hutchinson, p. 11.
8 Drum Taps in Dixie: Memories of a Drummer Boy, 1861-1865, by Delavan S. Miller, p. 30; Civil War Papers Read before the Commandery of the State of Massachusetts, Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States, Vol. II, p. 448; Story of the Service of Company E and of the 12th Wisconsin Regiment, written by One of the Boys, pp. 44-46.
9 Journal History of the 29th Ohio Veteran Volunteers, by J. Hamp SeCheverell, p. 21; History of the 9th Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry, p. 11; Army Life of an Illinois Soldier: Letters and Diary of the Late Charles Wills, pp. 14, 21.
10 Story of the Service of Company E and of the 12th Wisconsin Regiment, pp. 48-50.
11 History of the 124th Regiment, N.Y.S.V., by Charles H. Weygant, p. 32; History of the 33rd Regiment Illinois Veteran Volunteer Infantry, by Isaac H. Elliott and Virgil G. Way, pp. 7-8; The Eagle Regiment: 8th Wisconsin Infantry Volunteers, by a “Non-Vet” of Company H, pp. 40-49, 75 et seq.
12 Military Essays and Recollections: Papers Read before the Commandery of the State of Illinois, Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States, Vol. III, p. 402; A Soldier Boy’s Letters to his Father and Mother, 1861-65, by Chauncey H. Cooke, p. 3; Diary of an Ohio Volunteer, by A Musician, Co. H, 19th Regiment, p. 15; Story of the Service of Company E and of the 12th Wisconsin Regiment, pp. 84-85.
13 Army Memoirs of Lucius W. Barber, Company D. 15th Illinois Infantry, p. 12; A History of the Sixth Iowa Infantry, p. 20; B. & L., Vol. I, pp. 94-95.
14 History of the 51st Indiana Veteran Volunteer Infantry, by William R. Hartpence, p. 36; J. S. Clark, op. cit., p. 56; Military History and Reminiscences of the 13th Regiment of Illinois Volunteer Infantry, prepared by a committee of the regiment, p. 18. An eastern soldier remarked caustically: “The ignorance by our officers has become proverbial and patent to the men and hence the present low standard of discipline in the army”. (Manuscript letters of James Gillette, 4th Maryland Volunteers.)
15 An amusing account of Lincoln’s war experience is to be found in Carl Sandburg’s Abraham Lincoln: The Prairie Years, Vol. I, pp. 154-57, 386.
In Time of Revolution
1 An excellent study of the problem in respect to the border states is E. C. Smith, op. cit. There is a good brief discussion in Clement Eaton’s A History of the Southern Confederacy, pp. 34-40.
2 Life of General Nathaniel Lyon, by Ashbel Woodward, pp. 25-30, 204-31, 235, 242.
3 E. C. Smith, op. cit., pp. 122-30, 228-30; Official Records, Vol. I, pp. 654, 656-57 669-70; B. & L., Vol. I, pp. 119-20.
4 Official Records, Vol. I, p. 675; B. & L., Vol. I, p. 171; The Mississippi Valley in the Civil War, by John Fiske, pp. 10-12.
5 Fiske, op. cit., pp. 14-18; Official Records, Vol. III, p. 4; E. C. Smith, op. cit., pp. 234-36; The Union Cause in St. Louis in 1861, by Robert J. Rombauer, pp. 218, 224. Mr. Rombauer doubts very much that Lyon visited the militia camp in woman’s dress. Aside from the inherent difficulty of dressing Nathaniel Lyon so that he would look at all feminine, Mr. Rombauer remarks that as a competent officer Lyon undoubtedly had other sources of information about doings in the southern camp.
6 Official Records, Vol. III, p. 5; Rombauer, op. cit., pp. 233-39; E. C. Smith, op. cit., pp. 236-38.
7 Ibid., pp. 240, 244-50; Woodward, op. cit., p. 261; Forty-six Years in the Army, by Lt. Gen. John M. Schofield, pp. 33-34.
8 B. & L., Vol. I, pp. 266-67; E. C. Smith, op. cit., p. 252.
The Important First Trick
1 Wooden Nutmegs at Bull Run, by Frinkle Fry, p. 31; Three Years with the Adirondack Regiment, by John L. Cunningham, p. 21; Rebellion Record, Vol. I, Part 1, p. 50; The Soldier Boy’s Diary Book; or, Memorandums of the Alphabetical First Lessons of Military Tactics, by Adam S. Johnston, p. 8; Military Essays and Recollections: Papers Read before the Commandery of the State of Illinois, Military Order of the Loyal Legion, Vol. III, p. 426.
2 Edward Rowland Sill: His Life and Work, by William Belmont Parker, pp. 34-36; Cooke, op. cit., p. 10.
3 History of the 38th Regiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry, by Henry Fales Perry, p. 129; Story of the Service of Company E and of the 12th Wisconsin Regiment, pp. 88-89.
4 B. & L., Vol. I, p. 179.
5 Ibid., pp. 138-39; Diary of an Ohio Volunteer, pp. 35, 46, 52.
6 History of the Army of the Cumberland, by Thomas B. Van Horne, (cited hereafter as Van Horne), Vol. I, pp. 8-12; The Wild Riders of the First Kentucky Cavalry: A History of the Regiment, by Sgt. E. Tarrant, pp. 9-11.
7 B. & L., Vol. I, pp. 373-77.
8 See E. C. Smith, op. cit., p. 311: “South of the Ohio River there was no good line of defense for the Southern armies. From the time that Kentucky finally made her decision for the Union, they fought a losing battle.”
The Rising Shadows
1 The Living Lincoln, edited by Paul M. Angle and Earl Schenck Miers, p. 639.
2 There are extensive discussions of Bull Run and of McDowell’s problems, in B. & L., Vol. I, pp. 167-259. An uncommonly useful handbook is Joseph Mills Hanson’s Bull Run Remembers. These two have been heavily relied on in the preparation of this section.
3 There is a good description of all of this in Sherman, Fighting Prophet, by Lloyd Lewis, pp. 177-79.
4 There are enough accounts of the Bull Run panic to satisfy all tastes. The classic, probably, is that of William Howard Russell, correspondent for the London Times. For his and other accounts, see The Blue and the Gray, pp. 106-15.
5 Official Records, Vol. III, pp. 48, 58.
6 J. S. Clark, op. cit., pp. 54-57, 64.
7 Ibid., p. 66; Official Records, Vol. III, pp. 61, 95; B. & L., Vol. I, pp. 289-97.
8 J. S. Clark, op. cit., pp. 57, 69-70; Schofield, op. cit., p. 45.
9 Official Records, Vol. III, pp. 62, 74; Schofield, op. cit., pp. 44-46.
10 J. S. Clark, op. cit., p. 72.
Chapter Three: MEN WHO SHAPED THE WAR
The Romantics to the Rescue
1 For a full presentation of Scott’s plan, see Abraham Lincoln: A History, by John G. Nicolay and John Hay, Vol. IV, pp. 298-303.
2 Mr. Lincoln’s Army, pp. 63-68.
3 Manuscript letters of John W. Chase of the 1st Massachusetts Artillery.
4 Down in Dixie: Life in a Cavalry Regiment in the War Days, by Stanton P. Allen, p. 145; The Story of a Cavalry Regiment: The Career of the Fourth Iowa Veteran Volunteers, p. 27; A History of the First Regiment of Massachusetts Cavalry Volunteers, by Benjamin W. Crowninshield, p. 11.
5 Miller, op. cit., pp. 19, 27.
6 McClellan’s Own Story, pp. 82-83.
7 Ibid., p. 85.
8 Frémont’s account in B. & L., Vol. 1, pp. 278-79.
9 Fremont: Pathmarker of the West, by Allan Nevins, pp. 481-84; B. & L., Vol. I. pp. 279-80.
Trail of the Pathfinder
1 B. & L., Vol. I, pp. 281, 307-13.
2 Personal Memoirs of John H. Brinton, Major and Surgeon, U.S.V., p. 32; The Story of the Guard: A Chronicle of the War, by Jessie Benton Fremont, pp. 34, 44; Official Records, Vol. III, p. 541.
3 The History of Fuller’s Ohio Brigade, by Charles H. Smith, p. 67.
4 The Eagle Regiment: 8th Wisconsin Infantry Volunteers, p. 10.
5 Army Memoirs of Lucius W. Barber, p. 21.
6 History of the 51st Indiana Veteran Volunteer Infantry, p. 68.
7 Schofield, op. cit., pp. 1-30, 49.
8 Nevins, op. cit., pp. 496-97; Official Records, Vol. III, pp. 542-43.
9 Jessie Benton Fremont, op. cit., pp. 43, 85, 88.
10 Official Records, Vol. III, pp. 466-67.
11 Jessie Benton Fremont, op. cit., Preface, p. x; The Eagle Regiment: 8th Wisconsin Infantry Volunteers, p. 3.
12 Official Records, Vol. III, pp. 469-70.
13 Abraham Lincoln, by Benjamin P. Thomas, p. 276; Official Records, Vol. III, pp. 477-78, 485.
14 Ibid., Vol. VI, p. 788.
15 Nevins, op. cit., pp. 507, 520; History of the 16th Battery of Ohio Volunteer Light Artillery, compiled by a committee, p. 6.
16 The Story of the Guard; A Chronicle of the War, p. 85.
17 A History of the Sixth Iowa Infantry, p. 35; Military History and Reminiscences of the 13th Regiment of Illinois Volunteer Infantry, p. 27; J. S. Clark, op. cit., p. 64.
18 Official Records, Vol. III, p. 553.
19 Thomas, op. cit., pp. 278-79.
He Must be Willing to Fight
1 Ulysses S. Grant and the Period of National Preservation and Reconstruction, by William C. Church, p. 84.
2 Ibid., p. 83.
3 Personal Memoirs of John H. Brinton, Major and Surgeon, U.S.V., pp. 36-37.
4 Muskets and Medicine; or, Army Life in the Sixties, by Charles Beneulyn Johnson, M.D., p. 181.
5 Personal Memoirs of John H. Brinton, pp. 40, 43, 61; Letters from the Army, by B. F. Stevenson, p. 14.
6 Guns on the Western Waters: The Story of River Gunboats in the Civil War, by H. Allen Gosnell, pp. 15, 18.
7 Van Horne, Vol. I, p. 23; Personal Memoirs of U. S. Grant, Vol. I, pp. 265-67.
8 Military Essays and Recollections: Papers Read before the Commandery of the State of Illinois, Military Order of the Loyal Legion, Vol. I, pp. 22-23, 25.
9 Ben Hur Wallace, by Irving McKee, Chap. 1, passim; Lew Wallace: An Autobiography, Vol. I, pp. 338-45.
10 B. & L., Vol. I, pp. 380-81; History of the 38th Regiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry, by Henry Fales Perry, p. 11.
11 Lewis, op. cit., pp. 189-91; The Wild Riders of the First Kentucky Cavalry: A History of the Regiment, p. 30.
12 History of the 53rd Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, by John K. Duke, p. 6.
13 Memoirs of a Volunteer, 1861-1863, by John Beatty, edited by Harvey S. Ford, pp. 70-71, 75-76, 79-81.
14 History of the 38th Regiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry, p. 261.
15 The Life of Major General George H. Thomas, by Thomas B. Van Horne, pp. 1-31; Military Reminiscences of the Civil War, by Jacob D. Cox, Vol. II, p. 237.
Chapter Four: TO MARCH TO TERRIBLE MUSIC
Sambo Was Not Sambo
1 Ormsby MacKnight Mitchel, Astronomer and General, by F. A. Mitchel, p. 237.
2 Personal Memoirs of John H. Brinton, pp. 46-47.
3 Military Essays and Recollections: Papers Read before the Commandery of the State of Illinois, Military Order of the Loyal Legion, Vol. III, p. 404.
4 History of the 51st Indiana Veteran Volunteer Infantry, pp. 9-10; Memoirs of a Volunteer, p. 95; The Story of a Cavalry Regiment, by William Forse Scott, p. 380.
5 History of the 33rd Regiment Illinois Veteran Volunteer Infantry, p. 23.
6 Cox, op. cit., Vol. I, p. 158; History of the 77th Illinois Volunteer Infantry, by Lt. W. H. Bentley, p. 101; A Soldier Boy’s Letters to his Father and Mother, pp. 30, 36.
7 Manuscript letters of John W. Chase, 1st Massachusetts Artillery.
8 For anyone who is interested, the Stone affair is discussed in greater length in Mr. Lincoln’s Army, pp. 76-83. For a much more pointed analysis, see T. Harry Williams, “Investigation 1862,” in American Heritage, Vol. VI, No. 1.
War Along the Border
1 B. & L., Vol. I, pp. 632-33.
2 Ibid., p. 661 et seq.; Official Records, Vol. VI, p. 179.
3 Thomas, op. cit., p. 289.
4 For a pointed discussion of the ruinous effect of the habit of overestimating Confederate strength (written by a soldier by no means hostile to McClellan) see Military Reminiscences of the Civil War, by Jacob D. Cox, Vol. I, pp. 250-53.
5 The Wild Riders of the First Kentucky Cavalry, p. 109.
6 Personal Recollections of Distinguished Generals, by William F. G. Shanks, p. 258.
7 Official Records, Vol. XVI, Part 1, p. 51.
8 Ibid., Vol. VII, pp. 530-31.
9 The Rise of U. S. Grant, by A. L. Conger, p. 83 et seq.; Personal Memoirs of U. S. Grant, Vol. I, pp. 271-80.
10 Van Horne, Vol. I, pp. 50-58; The Life of Major General George H. Thomas, p. 50 ff; History of the Tenth Regiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry, by James Birney Shaw, p. 162; B. & L., Vol. I, pp. 387-91.
Come On, You Volunteers!
1 Official Records, Vol. VII, pp. 527, 532-33.
2 Ibid., p. 532.
3 Anyone interested in following this dreary exchange of messages can find them in Official Records, Vol. VII, pp. 573-74, 576, 578-80, 583-87.
4 Gosnell, op. cit., pp. 47-48.
5 Ibid., pp. 49-50.
6 B. & L., Vol. I, p. 358 ff.
7 Personal Memoirs of U. S. Grant, Vol. I, p. 294.
8 Official Records, Vol. VII, pp. 590-91.
9 B. & L., Vol. I, pp. 398-410, 430-436; History of the Seventh Regiment Illinois Volunteer Infantry, by D. Leib Ambrose, p. 32; Personal Memoirs of U. S. Grant, Vol. I, pp. 298-304.
10 Personal Memoirs of John H. Brinton, p. 121.
11 Ibid., pp. 129-30; Personal Memoirs of U. S. Grant, pp. 308-12.
12 B. & L., Vol. I, p. 426; The Army of Tennessee, by Stanley Horn, p. 98.
To the Deep South
1 The Army of Tennessee, pp. 99-102; P. G. T. Beauregard, Napoleon in Gray, by T. Harry Williams, p. 119.
2 Official Records, Vol. VI, pp. 398, 828; Vol. VII, p. 889.
3 Ibid., Vol. VI, p. 692.
4 Ibid., Vol. VII, pp. 640-41.
5 Ibid., pp. 627, 628, 632, 641, 648, 655.
6 Ibid., pp. 630, 640, 646, 652; The Rise of U. S. Grant, p. 192.
7 Personal Memoirs of John H. Brinton, p. 133; Official Records, Vol. VII, pp. 637-38, 649.
8 Ormsby MacKnight Mitchel, Astronomer and General, p. 255; Official Records, Vol. VII, p. 660.
9 Personal Memoirs of John H. Brinton, p. 131; Official Records, Vol. VII, pp. 679-80, 682; Vol. X, Part 2, p. 3.
10 Ibid., Vol. VII, p. 683.
11 Ibid., p. 283; Vol. X, p. 32.
12 Personal Memoirs of John H. Brinton, pp. 160-61.
13 Army Memoirs of Lucius W. Barber, pp. 43, 47; A History of the Sixth Iowa Infantry, p. 57.
14 Official Records, Vol. VII, p. 647.
15 Ibid., Vol. X, Part 2, p. 55.
16 Grant’s letters to Mrs. Grant; photostats of manuscript copies furnished by Ralph G. Newman of Chicago.
17 Downing’s Civil War Diary, by Sgt. Alexander G. Downing, edited by Olynthus B. Clark, p. 39.
Chapter Five: A LONG WAR AHEAD
Hardtack in an Empty Hand
1 Lewis, op. cit., p. 217; Official Records, Vol. X, Part 1, pp. 252, 262, 288, 290, 411.
2 Ibid., Vol. X, Part 2, p. 91. This may be as good a place as any to point out that Shiloh is exhaustively covered in B. & L., Vol. I, in articles that extend from p. 465 to 610, that there is an excellent account of the battle in Stanley Horn’s The Army of Tennessee, pp. 122-43, and that T. Harry Williams discusses it in his P. G. T. Beauregard, Napoleon in Gray, pp. 133-149. One of the most moving descriptions is in Lloyd Lewis’s Sherman: Fighting Prophet, pp. 219-31.
3 Army Memoirs of Lucius W. Barber, p. 48; Downing’s Civil War Diary, p. 40.
4 Official Records, Vol. X, Part 2, p. 94.
5 It might be noted that Confederate reports in the Official Records do not bear out the rumors that Federal troops were surprised in their tents. Uniformly, the Confederate accounts describe very stiff resistance from the beginning; General Hardee tells of Federal attacks on his skirmishers at dawn, before the main attack got rolling. See Official Records, Vol. X, Part 1, pp. 513, 514, 532, 536, 541, 548, 568, 573, 581.
6 Ibid., p. 331; report of Col. Jacob Ammen.
7 Lew Wallace: An Autobiography, Vol. II, p. 505.
8 Ohio at Shiloh: Report of the Commission, by T. J. Lindley, pp. 37-38; Official Records, Vol. X, Part 1, pp. 264-65; History of the 53rd Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, pp. 27-48.
9 Official Records, Vol. X, Part 1, p. 133.
10 Ulysses S. Grant and the Period of National Preservation and Reconstruction, p. 135; Official Records, Vol. X, Part 1, p. 288; History of the 15th Regiment Iowa Veteran Volunteer Infantry, by William W. Belknap, pp. 84-85.
11 Lew Wallace: An Autobiography, Vol. II, p. 524; History of the 53rd Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, p. 49; Army Memoirs of Lucius W. Barber, p. 53; Official Records, Vol. X, Part 1, p. 226; Downing’s Civil War Diary, p. 41.
12 History of the 53rd Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, p. 55.
13 Ulysses S. Grant and the Period of National Preservation and Reconstruction, p. 135; Official Records, Vol. X, Part 1, p. 158; A History of the Sixth Iowa Infantry, p. 80; History of the 15th Regiment Iowa Veteran Volunteer Infantry, pp. 83, 110-11.
14 History of the 53rd Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, p. 51.
15 A History of the Sixth Iowa Infantry, p. 89.
16 Official Records, Vol. X, Part 1, p. 375.
17 Memoirs of the War, by Capt. Ephraim A. Wilson, p. 112; Downing’s Civil War Diary, p. 43.
Springtime of Promise
1 Official Records, Vol. X, Part 1, p. 396.
2 Ibid., Vol. VI, p. 432.
3 Ibid., p. 832.
4 B. & L., Vol. II, pp. 25-29.
5 Official Records, Vol. VI, p. 889.
6 There are excellent accounts of the running of the forts in B. & L., Vol. II, pp. 33-91.
7 B. & L., Vol. II, p. 20.
8 Ohio at Shiloh: Report of the Commission, pp. 79-80.
9 The Sherman Letters: Correspondence between General and Senator Sherman from 1837 to 1891, pp. 143-45.
10 Army Memoirs of Lucius W. Barber, pp. 62-63.
11 History of the Sixth Regiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry, by C. C. Briant, pp. 130-31.
12 Ibid., p. 138.
13 Official Records, Vol. X, Part 2, pp. 166, 172, 214.
14 Ibid., p. 548.
15 Ibid., p. 252.
16 For a discussion of this point, see Van Horne, Vol. I, p. 129.
Invitation to General Lee
1 Mr. Lincoln’s Army, pp. 109-12.
2 B. & L., Vol. I, pp. 693-700. Americans often speak of Merrimac as the world’s first ironclad warship; actually when Merrimac was rebuilt the British navy had two ironclads in commission and the French had one.
3 Ibid., pp. 701-3, 719-50.
4 The point is stressed by Col. John Taylor Wood, CSA, in B. & L., Vol. I, p. 711.
5 By all odds the best account of the whole valley operation is the one contained in Col. G. F. R. Henderson’s classic biography, Stonewall Jackson and the American Civil War.
Delusion and Defeat
1 The point is discussed in detail in Mr. Lincoln’s Army, pp. 131-33.
2 Cox, op. cit., Vol. I, p. 253; Official Records, Vol. XI, Part 3, p. 340.
3 Ibid., pp. 250-51.
4 B. & L., Vol. II, p. 337.
5 Official Records, Vol. XI, Part 3, p. 266.
6 B. & L., Vol. III, pp. 394-95.
Chapter Six: TURNING POINT
Kill, Confiscate or Destroy
1 Ormsby MacKnight Mitchel, Astronomer and General, pp. 284-88, 315; Van Horne, Vol. I, pp. 130-32.
2 Ormsby MacKnight Mitchel, pp. 306-14, 330.
3 The Nineteenth Illinois, by J. Henry Haynie, pp. 131-39, 144-46, 159, 165, 167; Three Years with the Armies of the Ohio and the Cumberland, by Angus L. Waddle, p. 17; Cox, op. cit., Vol. I, p. 436; Official Records, Vol. X, Part 2, pp. 212-13. Details about Turchin’s court-martial can be found in Official Records, Vol. XVI, Part 2, pp. 273-78.
4 The Nineteenth Illinois, p. 171.
5 Army Life of an Illinois Soldier: Letters and Diary of the Late Charles W. Wills, pp. 132, 134.
6 Ibid., p. 74.
7 Official Records, Vol. XVII, Part 2, p. 81; The History of Fuller’s Ohio Brigade, p. 50.
8 History of the 51st Indiana Veteran Volunteer Infantry, pp. 26-27, 31; Letters from the Army, by B. F. Stevenson, p. 247; With the Rank and File, by Thomas J. Ford, p. 120. Some mention should be made of the Union brigadier in Louisiana who solemnly warned his troops not to catch any chickens or geese in such a clumsy way as to get bitten(History of the 77th Illinois Volunteer Infantry).
9 Official Records, Vol. XVI, Part 1, p. 640. Perfectly typical of the Union soldier’s attitude is the blunt remark, “We thought anything belonging to a secessionist was for plunder,” in the manuscript letters of Elmer J. Barker, 5th New York Cavalry.
10 Story of the Service of Company E and of the 12th Wisconsin Regiment, pp. 125-26.
11 Official Records, Vol. XVI, Part 1, p. 644.
12 Letters of Ulysses S. Grant to His Father and Youngest Sister, edited by Jesse Grant Cramer, pp. 69, 88; General Grant’s Letters to a Friend, with Introduction and Notes by James Grant Wilson, p. 27.
13 Ormsby MacKnight Mitchel, pp. 317-19; Memoirs of a Volunteer, pp. 96, 103.
14 Mr. Lincoln’s Army, pp. 155-56.
Cheers in the Starlight
1 Official Records, Vol. XI, Part 3, pp. 337-38.
2 Pope’s weird account of this campaign and battle is in B. & L., Vol. II, pp. 449-94.
3 The Living Lincoln, pp. 492, 493-94.
4 Mr. Lincoln’s Army, pp. 51-54.
High-Water Mark
1 Official Records, Vol. XVI, Part 2, p. 497. For a similar query sent by Lincoln to Gen. Horatio G. Wright at Cincinnati, see p. 496; Buell’s reply is p. 500.
2 Ibid., p. 421.
3 Ibid., Vol. XVII, Part 2, p. 222.
4 Mr. Lincoln’s Army, pp. 167-69.
5 A first-rate study of the Antietam campaign is to be found in The Antietam and Fredericksburg, by Francis W. Palfrey.
6 B. & L., Vol. II, p. 627.
7 For a good brief account of Antietam, see Jacob Cox in B. & L., Vol. II, pp. 630-60.
Chapter Seven: I SEE NO END
The Best There Was in the Ranch
1 Military Reminiscences of the Civil War, by Jacob Cox, Vol. I, pp. 358-61.
2 The Sherman Letters: Correspondence between General and Senator Sherman from 1837 to 1891, pp. 164-65.
3 Ibid., pp. 166, 185.
4 B. & L., p. 43. This volume contains an extensive discussion of the Kentucky campaign, written by General Buell. Buell was in many ways an unfortunate man; in no way more unfortunate than in the fact that his lengthy, well-reasoned explanations of the things he did during the war have a stodgy, pedestrian quality which makes them all but literally unreadable. See also The Story of a Thousand, by Albion W. Tourgee, p. 70 ff.
5 History of the 10th Regiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry, pp. 171-172; Official Records, Vol. XVI, Part 1, pp. 662, 693.
6 Van Horne, Vol. I, pp. 185-95; Co. Aytch: Maury Gray’s First Tennessee Regiment, by Sam R. Watkins, p. 81; Manuscript diary of Henry Mortimer Hempstead, 2nd Michigan Cavalry.
7 Van Horne, Vol. I, pp. 197-99, 205; Official Records, Vol. XVI, Part 2, pp. 622, 626-27.
8 B. & L., Vol. II, pp. 737-57; History of Fuller’s Ohio Brigade, pp. 86, 89.
9 Personal Memoirs of U. S. Grant, Vol. I, p. 420.
There Was No Patience
1 History of the 38th Regiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry, p. 66.
2 A History of the Sixth Iowa Infantry, pp. 174-75.
3 Three Years in the Army: The Story of the 13th Massachusetts Volunteers, by Charles E. Davis, Jr., pp. 24-26.
4 Army Letters, 1861-1865, by Oliver Willcox Norton, p. 27.
5 History of the 10th Regiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry, p. 170; Mr. Lincoln’s Army, p. 199.
6 Reminiscences of the Civil War, from Diaries of Members of the 103rd Illinois Volunteer Infantry, compiled by a committee, p. 26; History of the 24th Michigan of the Iron Brigade, by O. B. Curtis, p. 65.
7 History of Fuller’s Ohio Brigade, p. 67.
8 Army Memoirs of Lucius W. Barber, p. 91; A History of the Sixth Iowa Infantry, p. 147; Downing’s War Diary, pp. 80, 92; History of the 16th Battery of Ohio Volunteer Light Artillery, p. 35.
9 The Story of a Cavalry Regiment, p. 404.
10 History of the 38th Regiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry, p. 18; History of the 15th Regiment Iowa Veteran Volunteer Infantry, p. 85; The Story of a Cavalry Regiment, pp. 54-55.
11 The Wild Riders of the First Kentucky Cavalry, pp. 162, 164.
12 Official Records, Vol. XX, Part 2, p. 69.
13 The Living Lincoln, pp. 519-20, 522; Official Records, Series 3, Vol. II, pp. 892-97.
Thin Moon and Cold Mist
1 For an extended discussion of the difficulty in regard to the pontoons, see Glory Road, pp. 34-39.
2 Any reader who wants source references for Fredericksburg will find a tabulation in the “Notes” section of the afore-mentioned Glory Road.
3 For various glimpses of Rosecrans, see History of the 104th Regiment of Illinois Volunteer Infantry, by William Wirt Calkins, p. 44; Greene County Soldiers in the Late War, by Ira S. Owens, p. 27; Cox, op. cit. Vol. I, pp. 111-12, 127, 133.
4 The Life of Major General George H. Thomas, pp. 75-76, 84-89.
5 Van Horne, Vol. I, pp. 228-29; History of the Sixth Regiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry, p. 176.
6 Ibid., pp. 194-95; History of the 34th Regiment of Illinois Volunteer Infantry, by Edwin W. Payne, pp. 43-44.
7 Van Horne, Vol. I, pp. 234-38; B. & L., Vol. III, pp. 620-29.
8 Official Records, Vol. XX, Part 1, p. 234.
9 The Life of Major General George H. Thomas, p. 97.
10 With the Rank and File, p. 9; History of the 38th Regiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry, pp. 61-63; Echoes of the Civil War as I Hear Them, by Michael H. Fitch, pp. 105-8; Greene County Soldiers in the Late War, pp. 33-35.
Down the River
1 Official Records, Vol. XVII, Part 2, pp. 274, 275, 278, for McClernand’s letters to Stanton. His confidential orders, signed by Stanton and dated October 20, 1862, are in the same volume, p. 282.
2 Ibid., pp. 300, 302.
3 Personal Memoirs of U. S. Grant, Vol. I, p. 426.
4 Ibid., pp. 427-28.
5 Official Records, Vol. XVII, Part 2, pp. 400, 401-2, 420.
6 Ibid., p. 425.
7 Personal Memoirs of U. S. Grant, Vol. I, pp. 430-31. There is an appreciative discussion of the little game in Earl Schenck Miers’ The Web of Victory, pp. 34-35. Lloyd Lewis also examines it in his Sherman, Fighting Prophet.
8 Under the Old Flag, by James Harrison Wilson, Vol. I, p. 141.
9 Personal Memoirs of U. S. Grant, Vol. I, pp. 434-35.
10 Lewis, op. cit., pp. 259-60.
11 Official Records, Vol. XVII, Part 2, p. 534.
12 Lewis, op. cit., p. 262.
Chapter Eight: SWING OF THE PENDULUM
The Hour of Darkness
1 Manuscript Letters of John W. Chase; War Letters of William Thompson Lusk, pp. 245, 256.
2 Army Life of an Illinois Soldier, pp. 153-54; Memoirs of the War, by Capt. Ephraim A. Wilson, pp. 151-52; Echoes of the Civil War as I Hear Them, p. 118; Official Records, Vol. XX, Part 2, pp. 318, 323.
3 Gosnell, op. cit., p. 146; Story of the 83rd Regiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry, by Joseph Grecian, p. 22; Letters from the Army, p. 184.
4 Manuscript letters of Isaac Jackson, 83rd Ohio; manuscript letters of George L. Lang, 12th Wisconsin; History of the 77th Illinois Volunteer Infantry, p. 120, pasuim.
5 Roster and Record of Iowa Soldiers in the War of the Rebellion, Vol. V, pp. 741-88; Iowa and the Rebellion, by Lurton Dunham Ingersoll, pp. 661-63.
6 Letters from the Army, p. 174; Reminiscences of the Civil War, from Diarius of Members of the 103rd Illinois Volunteer Infantry, p. 54.
7 Mr. Lincoln’s Army, p. 299.
8 “Some Recollections of Grant,” by S. H. M. Byers, from The Annals of War Written by Leading Participants, pp. 342-43.
9 Three Years with the Armies of the Ohio and the Cumberland, pp. 46, 48; Official Records, Vol. XX, Part 1, p. 197.
10 “Characteristics of the Armies,” by H. V. Redfield, from The Annals of the War, pp. 361-65. Note an eastern soldier’s comment: “In manners, in the conduct of soldiers and the discipline, these bundles of rags, these cough-racked, diseased and starved men [i.e., the Confederates] excel our well-fed, well-clothed, our best soldiers.” (Manuscript letters of James Gillette.)
11 Official Records, Vol. XXIV, Part 1, p. 222.
12 Glory Road, pp. 156-63; manuscript letters of John W. Chase.
13 Service with the Sixth Wisconsin Volunteers, by Rufus R. Dawes, p. 125.
Stalemate in the Swamps
1 Reminiscences of the Civil War, from Diaries of Members of the 103rd Illinois Volunteer Infantry, p. 15.
2 See T. Harry Williams, Lincoln and the Radicals, p. 275 if.
3 Personal Memoirs of U. S. Grant, Vol. I, pp. 442-49; Under the Old Flag, Vol. I, pp. 154-55.
4 Ibid., p. 152.
5 B. & L., Vol. III, pp. 561-63.
6 Ibid., pp. 563-64; The Web of Victory, by Earl Schenck Miers, pp. 119-30.
The Face of the Enemy
1 Official Records, Vol. XVII, Part 2, p. 424.
2 The Web of Victory, pp. 54-55.
3 History of the Negro Troops in the War of the Rebellion, by George W. Williams, pp. 106-7.
4 Ibid., p. 108.
5 Army Life of an Illinois Soldier, pp. 126, 166-67.
6 History of the 53rd Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, pp. 102-3; George Williams, op. cit., p. 110.
7 The Negro in the Civil War, by Benjamin Quarles, pp. 8-9, 200-1.
8 Musket and Sword, by Edwin C. Bennett, p. 315.
9 Personal Recollections, by Maj. Gen. Grenville M. Dodge, p. 14.
10 Story of the Service of Company E and the 12th Wisconsin Regiment, pp. 188-90.
11 George Williams, op. cit., pp. 161-62, 166.
12 Quarles, op. cit., p. 201.
13 T. Harry Williams, op. cit., p. 291; Quarles, op. cit., p. 184.
End of a Campaign
1 B. & L., Vol. III, pp. 441-59.
2 The Sherman Letters: Correspondence between General and Senator Sherman, p. 192.
3 Three Years with Grant, by Sylvanus Cadwallader, edited by Benjamin P. Thomas, pp. 61-62.
4 The Rise of U. S. Grant, pp. 288-89; Under the Old Flag, Vol. I, pp. 158-60; The Web of Victory, pp. 138-39.
5 Lewis, op. cit., pp. 270-71.
6 Story of the Service of Company E and of the 12th Wisconsin Regiment, p. 179; A Soldier Boy’s Letters to his Father and Mother, pp. 46, 54.
7 Muskets and Medicine, pp. 73-74, 84; Downing’s War Diary, p. 113.
8 Under the Old Flag, Vol. I, pp. 168-69; History of the 77th Illinois Volunteer Infantry, pp. 132-33.
9 Under the Old Flag, Vol. I, p. 164; Personal Memoirs of U. S. Grant, Vol. I, pp. 463-64.
10 Ulysses S. Grant and the Period of National Preservation and Reconstruction, p. 160.
11 Personal Memoirs of U. S. Grant, Vol. I, p. 488. For a first-rate account of the Grierson raid and an appealing sketch of Grierson himself, the reader is referred to D. Alexander Brown’s excellent book, Grierson’s Raid.
12 Reunion of the 33rd Illinois Regiment; Report of Proceedings, p. 13; B. & L., Vol. III, pp. 499, 501.
13 Lewis, op. cit., p. 273.
14 Personal Memoirs of U. S. Grant, Vol. I, p. 480: “I felt a degree of relief scarcely ever equalled since.… I was on dry ground on the same side of the river with the enemy.”
15 The Story of a Cavalry Regiment, p. 84; Three Years with Grant, pp. 74-75.
16 History of the 33rd Illinois Veteran Volunteer Infantry, p. 39.
17 Personal Memoirs of U. S. Grant, Vol. I, p. 526.
Chapter Nine: THE TREES AND THE RIVER
Final Miscalculation
1 The Campaign of Chancellorsville, by John Bigelow, Jr., p. 221. A list of sources for the Chancellorsville portion of this chapter will be found in Glory Road, pp. 386-90.
2 See R. E. Lee, by Douglas Southall Freeman, Vol. III, pp. 18-19.
Moment of Truth
1 The Road to Richmond, by Major Abner R. Small, p. 94; The History of the Ninth Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry, by Daniel George MacNamara, p. 299.
2 The Life and Letters of George Gordon Meade, by Col. George Meade, Vol. I, p. 372.
3 History of the 12th Regiment New Hampshire Volunteers, by Capt. A. W. Bartlett, p. 114; Three Years Campaign of the Ninth N.Y.S.M. during the Southern Rebellion, by John W. Jaques, p. 149; The Story of the 15th Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry, by Andrew E. Ford, p. 256; The Twentieth Connecticut: A Regimental History, by John W. Storrs, p. 70; History of the First Regiment Minnesota Volunteer Infantry, by R. I. Holcombe, p. 330.
4 In Glory Road, this author somehow identified the tune that took the first brigade into battle as “The Girl I Left Behind Me.” A courteous letter from the grandson of the Gen. Rufus Dawes who commanded the 6th Wisconsin of that brigade at Gettysburg has provided the necessary correction. Mr. Dawes recalls that as a small boy he often saw his father or one of his uncles come into the parlor where the old soldier was sitting and pick “The Campbells Are Coming” out on the piano, one-finger fashion, “just to see the old man’s beard bristle.”
5 Manuscript letters of John W. Chase.
Unvexed to the Sea
1 B. & L., Vol. III, p. 517; Three Years with Grant, p. 89.
2 B. & L., Vol. III, p. 518; History of the 33rd Regiment Illinois Veteran Volunteer Infantry, p. 44.
3 Under the Old Flag, Vol. I, pp. 180-83; Personal Memoirs of U. S. Grant, Vol. I, p. 531.
4 Manuscript letters of Abram S. Funk, 35th Iowa; manuscript letters of George L. Lang, 12th Wisconsin.
5 History of the 16th Battery of Ohio Volunteer Light Artillery, pp. 73, 75.
6 Three Years with Grant, pp. 103-9. For a highly critical analysis of the Cadwallader memoirs, see Kenneth Williams in American Heritage, Vol. VII, No. 5.
7 Lewis, op. cit., pp. 282-84; Personal Memoirs of U. S. Grant, Vol. I, pp. 546-47.
8 Manuscript letters of George L. Lang, Story of the Service of Company E and of the 12th Wisconsin Regiment, p. 196.
9 Forty-six Years in the Army, by Lt. Gen. John M. Schofield, p. 145.
10 Story of the Service of Company E and of the 12th Wisconsin Regiment, pp. 202-4; History of the 33rd Regiment Illinois Veteran Volunteer Infantry, pp. 84-85.
11 Downing’s War Diary, p. 124.
12 B. & L., Vol. III, pp. 530-34, 536; manuscript letters of George L. Lang.
13 B. & L., Vol. III, p. 492.
14 Story of the Service of Company E and of the 12th Wisconsin Regiment, p. 194.
Chapter Ten: LAST OF THE MIGHT-HAVE-BEENS
Pursuit in Tennessee
1 The Sherman Letters: Correspondence between General and Senator Sherman, p. 213.
2 For a suggestive discussion of the connection between Vallandigham’s visit and the Morgan raid, see Howard Swiggett, The Rebel Raider: John Hunt Morgan, pp. 120-26.
3 Official Records, Vol. XXIII, Part 1, p. 640. General Wheeler’s report, emphasizing that Morgan disobeyed orders by crossing the Ohio, is in the same volume, pp. 817-18.
4 History of the 77th Illinois Volunteer Infantry, p. 185; History of the 16th Battery of Ohio Volunteer Light Artillery, pp. 86-88.
5 History of the 53rd Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, p. 108.
6 Lewis, op. cit., p. 309; Personal Memoirs of U. S. Grant, Vol. I, p. 578 ff.
7 The Negro in the Civil War, pp. 1-11, 13-18.
8 Echoes of the Civil War as I Hear Them, p. 121; History of the Sixth Regiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry, p. 203; History of the 38th Regiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry, pp. 68-71.
9 Personal Memoirs of U. S. Grant, Vol. II, p. 20; Van Horne, Vol. I, pp. 298-99.
10 History of the Sixth Regiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry, p. 202.
11 Official Records, Vol. XXIII, Part 1, p. 408; History of the 104th Regiment of Illinois Volunteer Infantry, p. 97; History of the Sixth Regiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry, pp. 210-11.
12 Opdycke Tigers: 125th Ohio Volunteer Infantry by Charles T. Clark, p. 81; Official Records, Vol. XXIII, Part 1, p. 407; History of the Sixth Regiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry, p. 215.
13 History of the 104th Regiment of Illinois Volunteer Infantry, p. 98.
14 Ibid., pp. 101, 111.
Ghoul-Haunted Woodland
1 Van Horne, Vol. I, pp. 317, 320, 322-23, 327.
2 B. & L., Vol. III, pp. 641-45.
3 Ibid., pp. 638-39.
4 History of the 104th Regiment of Illinois Volunteer Infantry, p. 118; Echoes of the Civil War as I Hear Them, pp. 134-36. Note the remark of the author of The History of the Sixth Regiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry, p. 225: “There was not even a private in the ranks who did not realize the fact that we had a big contract on our hands.”
5 The Army of Tennessee, p. 263. This book, incidentally, contains one of the best of all the accounts of the battle of Chickamauga.
6 History of the 38th Regiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry, pp. 89-91.
7 History of the 104th Regiment of Illinois Volunteer Infantry, pp. 134-35; Van Horne, Vol. I, pp. 342-43, 345-47.
8 Ibid., p. 347; B. & L., Vol. III, p. 663; Cox, op. cit., Vol. II, pp. 160-61.
9 History of the Sixth Regiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry, p. 239; Opdycke Tigers, pp. 106-8, 117, 123-24; Three Years with the Armies of the Ohio and the Cumberland, p. 54.
10 History of the Sixth Regiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry, p. 242.
The Pride of Soldiers
1 Memoirs of the War, pp. 208-9; Three Years with the Armies of the Ohio and the Cumberland, pp. 57-58; History of the 104th Regiment of Illinois Volunteer Infantry, p. 159.
2 History of the 34th Regiment of Illinois Volunteer Infantry, p. 78.
3 Personal Memoirs of U. S. Grant, Vol. II, p. 26; Cox, op. cit., Vol. II, p. 16.
4 B. & L., Vol. III, pp. 684-85. This volume contains an amusing account of the building of the river steamer, pp. 676 ff.
5 Cox, op. cit., Vol. II, pp. 17-19.
6 Footprints through Dixie: Everyday Life of the Man under a Musket, by J. W. Gaskill, pp. 60-62, 64.
7 History of the Fourteenth Illinois Cavalry, by W. L. Sanford, p. 63; Cox, op. cit., Vol. II, p. 84.
8 B. & L., Vol. III, p. 693 n.
9 Ibid., p. 694.
10 Personal Memoirs of U. S. Grant, Vol. II, pp. 42-43.
11 Civil War Papers read before the Commandery of the State of Massachusetts, Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States, Vol. I, p. 250; History of the Third Regiment of Wisconsin Veteran Volunteer Infantry, p. 233 n; Army Life of an Illinois Soldier, p. 218; History of the 33rd Regiment Illinois Veteran Volunteer Infantry, pp. 47-48.
A Half Dozen Roasted Acorns
1 Lewis, op. cit., p. 319.
2 The Life of Major General George H. Thomas, pp. 180-91.
3 Lewis, op. cit., pp. 320-21.
4 B. & L., Vol. III, p. 706.
5 History of the Sixth Regiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry, p. 274.
6 Life of Major General George H. Thomas, pp. 191-92; Opdycke Tigers, pp. 164, 169, 172; History of the 104th Regiment of Illinois Volunteer Infantry, pp. 180, 183; Lewis, op. cit., p. 323.
7 B. & L., Vol. III, p. 725.
8 Opdycke Tigers, p. 166; Life of Major General George H. Thomas, p. 197; B. & L., Vol. III, pp. 725-26; History of the Sixth Regiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry, p. 275.
9 Ibid., pp. 276-78
10 Memoirs of a Volunteer, p. 263; Lewis, op. cit., pp. 325-26.
11 A History of the Sixth Iowa Infantry, pp. 247-48; Cox, op. cit., Vol. II, pp. 84-85; Footprints through Dixie, p. 70; Schofield, op. cit., p. 114.
12 Echoes of the Civil War as I Hear Them, p. 187.
13 Life of Major General George H. Thomas, p. 213.
14 Ohio at Shiloh: Report of the Commission, p. 204.
Chapter Eleven: AND KEEP MOVING ON
Year of Jubilo
1 Official Records, Series 4, Vol. III, p. 130.
2 The Living Lincoln, p. 162; Official Records, Vol. XXIV, Part 3, p. 567.
3 General Grant’s Letters to a Friend, 1861-1880; Lewis, op. cit., p. 335.
4 Official Records, Vol. XVII, Part 2, p. 868; The Story of a Cavalry Regiment, pp. 186, 207, 216; Lewis, op. cit., pp. 332-33.
5 Story of the Service of Company E and of the 12th Wisconsin Regiment, pp. 249-50.
6 Official Records, Vol. LII, Part 2, pp. 586-92, 598-99, 606-9.
7 Ibid., Series 4, Vol. II, p. 345; Series 4, Vol. III, p. 86.
Vote of Confidence
1 See Ben Thomas’s Abraham Lincoln, pp. 405-8.
2 Personal Memoirs of John H. Brinton, p. 239.
3 Lewis, op. cit., p. 345.
4 The Life of John A. Rawlins, by Maj. Gen. James Harrison Wilson, pp. 426-27; The Life and Letters of George Gordon Meade, Vol. II, p. 201.
5 Official Records, Series 3, Vol. V, p. 650.
6 Drum Taps in Dixie, pp. 144-45.
7 Official Records, Series 3, Vol. V, pp. 649, 651; History of the 34th Regiment of Illinois Volunteer Infantry, p. 96; manuscript letters of John W. Chase; manuscript letters of George L. Lang; Cox, op. cit., Vol. II, p. 92; Downing’s War Diary, p. 177.
8 Official Records, Vol. XXXIII, p. 776.
9 Greene County Soldiers in the Late War, p. 68; Echoes of the Civil War as I Hear Them, p. 197; Three Years with the Armies of the Ohio and the Cumberland, p. 66.
The Great Decision
1 Lewis, op. cit., p. 343.
2 The Road to Richmond, by Major Abner R. Small, pp. 130-31; Recollections of a Private Soldier in the Army of the Potomac, by Frank Wilkeson, pp. 42-43.
3 R. E. Lee, by Douglas Southall Freeman, Vol. III, p. 287.
4 Manuscript letters of John W. Chase.
A Question of Time
1 Freeman, op. cit., Vol. III, p. 398.
2 See John C. Ropes, “The Failure to Take Petersburg on June 16-18, 1864,” in the Papers of the Military Historical Society of Massachusetts, Vol. V; A Stillness at Appomattox, pp. 183-99.
3 Manuscript diary of Henry Mortimer Hempstead, 2nd Michigan Cavalry.
4 A Stillness at Appomattox, pp. 219-51.
5 The Living Lincoln, p. 616.
Chapter Twelve: WE WILL NOT CEASE
That Bright Particular Star
1 Official Records, Vol. XIX, Part 2, p. 505.
2 Reminiscences of the Civil War, from Diaries of Members of the 103rd Illinois Volunteer Infantry, pp. 99, 133; Story of the Service of Company E and of the 12th Wisconsin Regiment, pp. 281-82.
3 Lewis, op. cit., pp. 357-58.
4 “Letters of C. C. Carpenter,” edited by Mildred Throne; from the Iowa Journal of History, January 1955, p. 84.
5 Reminiscences of the Civil War, from Diaries of Members of the 103rd Illinois Volunteer Infantry, pp. 78, 95.
6 Lewis, op. cit., pp. 375-78.
7 Schofield, op. cit., pp. 131, 231-32.
8 The Life of Major General George H. Thomas, pp. 243-45.
9 Lewis, op. cit., p. 386.
10 Manuscript letter of General Sherman to Emily Hoffman of Baltimore. Family tradition regarding Miss Hoffman’s receipt of the news of McPherson’s death, and her reaction to it, related by her grand-nephew, Mr. Walter Lord of New York.
11 Lewis, op. cit., p. 400.
Wind Across the Sky
1 For slavery as a race problem, see Allan Nevins and Henry Steele Commager, America: The Story of a Free People, pp. 214-15.
2 Abraham Lincoln, by Benjamin P. Thomas, pp. 441-42.
3 Abraham Lincoln: The War Years, Vol. III, p. 227.
4 Ibid., p. 218; Thomas, op. cit., p. 445.
5 B. & L., Vol. IV, pp. 379-400.
The Grapes of Wrath
1 Lewis, op. cit., pp. 426, 430.
2 Ibid., p. 431.
3 B. & L., Vol. IV, p. 672; History of the 104th Regiment of Illinois Volunteer Infantry, pp. 252-53; Reminiscences of the Civil War, from Diaries of Members of the 103rd Illinois Volunteer Infantry, p. 147.
4 History of the 104th Regiment of Illinois Volunteer Infantry, p. 252.
5 Manuscript letter, Sherman to Emily Hoffman; Official Records, Vol. XXX, Part 3, p. 698.
6 Reminiscences of the Civil War, from Diaries of Members of the 103rd Illinois Volunteer Infantry, pp. 148, 149; History of the 104th Regiment of Illinois Volunteer Infantry, p. 278; History of the 34th Regiment of Illinois Volunteer Infantry, p. 106.
7 History of the 104th Regiment of Illinois Volunteer Infantry, p. 263; Footprints through Dixie, p. 124.
8 Reminiscences of the Civil War, from Diaries of Members of the 103rd Illinois Volunteer Infantry, p. 153.
9 Cox, op. cit., Vol. II, p. 234; The History of the 104th Regiment of Illinois Volunteer Infantry, p. 279; History of the 34th Regiment of Illinois Volunteer Infantry, p. 173.
10 History of the 104th Regiment of Illinois Volunteer Infantry, p. 258.
11 Reminiscences of the Civil War, from Diaries of Members of the 103rd Illinois Volunteer Infantry, p. 164; Lewis, op. cit., p. 465; Cox, op. cit., Vol. II, p. 234.
12 Downing’s War Diary, p. 237; A History of the Sixth Iowa Infantry, pp. 379-80, 384; History of the 104th Regiment of Illinois Volunteer Infantry, p. 279.
13 Lewis, op. cit., p. 471.
The Enemy Will be Attacked
1 The most exhaustive discussion of Hood’s odd failure at Spring Hill, probably, is that of Stanley Horn in his excellent Army of Tennessee, pp. 384-95.
2 Footprints through Dixie, pp. 136-37.
3 With the Rank and File, pp. 18-19.
4 The Army of Tennessee, pp. 399-404; Schofield, op. cit., pp. 177-79; Opdycke Tigers, pp. 339-53; With the Rank and File, pp. 16-17. Note that the youthful Colonel MacArthur of the 24th Wisconsin, who was wounded in this fight, later became the father of General Douglas MacArthur.
5 Footprints through Dixie, pp. 142-43.
6 Manuscript diary of Henry Mortimer Hempstead.
7 The whole sequence of events is set forth in complete detail in Gen. James H. Wilson’s Under the Old Flag, Vol. II, pp. 64-93; see also B. & L., Vol. IV, pp. 455-56.
8 Manuscript diary of Henry Mortimer Hempstead.
9 History of the 51st Indiana Veteran Volunteer Infantry, p. 259; History of the Fourteenth Illinois Cavalry, p. 284.
10 Under the Old Flag, Vol. II, pp. 122-23, 126.
11 Ibid., p. 95.
Chapter Thirteen: TWILIGHT AND VICTORY
Reap the Whirlwind
1 History of the 34th Regiment Illinois Volunteer Infantry, pp. 179, 191.
2 Lewis, op. cit., p. 490.
3 History of the 83rd Regiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry, p. 71; History of the 34th Regiment Illinois Volunteer Infantry, p. 354.
4 History of the 83rd Regiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry, p. 77; History of the 53rd Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, p. 176; Reminiscences of the Civil War, from Diaries of Members of the 103rd Illinois Volunteer Infantry, p. 176; History of Fuller’s Ohio Brigade, p. 265; History of the 104th Regiment Illinois Volunteer Infantry, pp. 309-10.
5 Echoes of the Civil War as I Hear Them, pp. 268-69.
6 History of the 104th Regiment Illinois Volunteer Infantry, p. 287.
7 Downing’s War Diary, pp. 251, 259.
8 History of the Seventh Regiment Illinois Volunteer Infantry, p. 297; Reminiscences of the Civil War, from Diaries of Members of the 103rd Illinois Volunteer Infantry, p. 183; Story of the Service of Company E and of the 12th Wisconsin Regiment, p. 407; History of the Sixth Iowa Infantry, pp. 411-14.
9 Lewis, op. cit., pp. 506-7.
10 B. & L., Vol. IV, p. 686.
11 Downing’s War Diary, p. 260; History of the 104th Regiment of Illinois Volunteer Infantry, p. 309; Lewis, op. cit., p. 509.
The Fire and the Night
1 Manuscript diary of Capt. Lot Abraham, 4th Iowa Cavalry.
2 Manuscript letters of Lewis Bissell, 2nd Connecticut Heavy Artillery.
3 Manuscript letters of David Carpenter, Massachusetts agent for the Christian Commission; Cox, op. cit., Vol. II, p. 397.
4 Official Records, Series 4, Vol. III, p. 1131.
5 Ibid., pp. 1067-70.
6 Ibid., pp. 1161-62.
A Telegram in Cipher
1 Personal Memoirs of U. S. Grant, Vol. II, p. 489. Grant’s own account of the surrender proceedings and the version given by Col. Horace Porter in B. & L., Vol. IV, pp. 729-46, have been followed here.
2 B. & L., Vol. IV, p. 744.
3 Lewis, op. cit., pp. 534-35.
4 Reminiscences of the Civil War, from Diaries of Members of the 103rd Illinois Volunteer Infantry, p. 208. A similar note was sounded by an Ohio soldier, who said that “the country will just be riddled and burnt over,” adding wistfully: “I only wish that it was in some other state as there are a great many Union folks in N. C., but they will not escape.” (Manuscript letters of Frank O. Weary, 29th Ohio Infantry.)
5 The terms are summarized from Lewis, op. cit., pp. 540-41.
6 B. & L., Vol. IV, p. 757.
Candlelight
1 The Living Lincoln, pp. 600, 638-40.
2 Abraham Lincoln: The War Years, Vol. IV, pp. 319-21.
3 The Story of a Cavalry Regiment, pp. 509, 522.
4 History of the Third Regiment of Wisconsin Veteran Volunteer Infantry, pp. 331-32.
5 A History of the Sixth Iowa Infantry, p. 463.
6 History of the 51st Indiana Veteran Volunteer Infantry, p. 303; Manuscript diary of Capt. Lot Abraham.
7 Under the Maltese Cross, Antietam to Appomattox, narrated by the Rank and File, pp. 382-83; New York Herald, May 24, 1865.