Individual |
Profession and location |
Date (all BCE) |
Chapter |
Abi-eshuh |
king of Babylon |
1711–1684 |
13 |
Abi-hunni |
recipient of a house in Terqa (m) |
late 15th or early 14th century |
15 |
Adad-guppi |
priestess of Sin in Harran, official, and mother of the king in Babylonia |
648–552 |
19 |
Adad-shumu-usur |
physician and exorcist in Assyria (m) |
early 7th century |
18 |
Akhenaten |
king of Egypt |
1353–1336 |
15 |
Alexander |
king of Macedon |
336–323 |
20 |
Amat-Shamash |
naditum in Sippar (f) |
mid-18th century |
12 |
Ashur-idi |
merchant in Ashur (m) |
20th–19th century |
9 |
Ashur-nada |
merchant in Ashur and Anatolia (m) |
20th–19th century |
9 |
Ashur-uballit I |
king of Assyria |
1363–1328 |
15 |
Ashurbanipal |
king of Assyria |
668–630/628 |
19 |
Ashurnasirpal II |
king of Assyria |
883–859 |
17 |
Awat-Aya |
naditum initiate in Sippar (f) |
mid-18th century |
12 |
Ba’la-bia |
child in Emar (f) |
late 13th century |
16 |
Ba’la-belu |
child in Emar (m) |
late 13th century |
16 |
Ba’la-ummi |
child in Emar (f) |
late 13th century |
16 |
Baranamtara |
queen of Lagash |
c. 2400 |
4 |
Bazatum |
musician in Mari (f) |
mid-18th century |
10 |
Bel-uballit |
oil presser, brewer, and temple functionary in Sippar (m) |
mid-6th century |
20 |
Bel-ushezib |
diviner and astronomer in Assyria (m) |
early 7th century |
18 |
Beltum |
princess of Qatna, queen in Mari |
early 18th century |
10 |
Burna-Buriash II |
king of Babylonia |
1359–1333 |
15 |
Cyrus |
king of Persia |
559–530 |
20 |
Dimtur |
queen mother in Lagash |
c. 2400 |
4 |
Dusigu |
queen mother in Ebla |
c. 2300 |
5 |
Eannatum |
king of Lagash |
25th century |
3 |
Elletum |
scribal student in Nippur (m) |
mid-18th century |
12 |
Emete |
head of female royal servants in Lagash (f) |
mid-24th century |
4 |
Enar-Lim |
merchant and envoy in Ebla (m) |
c. 2300 |
5 |
Enheduana |
en-priestess of Nanna in Ur |
c. 2300–2250 |
6 |
Enlil-bani |
gardener, substitute king, and king of Isin |
1860–1837 |
8 |
Enlil-mansum |
temple official and slave trader in Dur-Abi-eshuh (m) |
late 17th century |
13 |
Enmetena |
king of Lagash |
c. 2450 |
3 |
Erra-imitti |
king of Isin |
1868–1861 |
8 |
Esarhaddon |
king of Assyria |
681–669 |
18 |
Geme-Suen |
lender in Umma (f) |
mid-21st century |
7 |
Gimil-Ninkarrak |
chief barber in Terqa (m) |
c. 1710–1680 |
13 |
Gudea |
king of Lagash |
2144–2124 |
7 |
Hammurabi |
king of Babylon |
1792–1750 |
11 |
Hane |
translator in Egypt and Mittani (m) |
mid-14th century |
14 |
Hattusili I |
king of Hatti |
1650–1620 |
13 |
Hattusili III |
king of Hatti |
1267–1237 |
16 |
Ibni-Sin |
commander in Babylon |
early 17th century |
13 |
Igi-bar |
weaving supervisor in Lagash (f) |
mid-24th century |
4 |
Ilim-ilimma |
charioteer, lender in Alalakh (m) |
early 15th century |
14 |
Ina-qate-Nabu-bultu |
enslaved baker in Babylon (m) |
mid-6th century |
20 |
Ishar-damu |
king of Ebla |
c. 2300 |
5 |
Ishar-Lim |
king of Hana |
late 15th or early 14th century |
15 |
Ishbi-Erra |
king of Isin |
2017–1985 |
8 |
Ishma’-Dagan |
child in Emar (m) |
late 13th century |
16 |
Ishunnatu |
enslaved innkeeper in Kish (f) |
mid-6th century |
20 |
Itti-Marduk-balatu |
businessman in Babylon |
mid-6th century |
20 |
Jehoiakin |
king of Judah, exile in Babylon |
mid-6th century |
19 |
Kitushdu |
scribe in Ur (m) |
c. 2300 |
6 |
Ku’e |
woman in Emar |
late 13th century |
16 |
Kudurru |
scribe in Babylonia and Assyria and oil diviner (m) |
early 7th century |
18 |
Kushim |
sanga and controller of the barley warehouse in Uruk (m) |
late 4th millennium |
2 |
Lu-Nanna |
escaped slave in Umma (m) |
21st century |
7 |
Lugalanda |
king of Lagash |
c. 2400 |
4 |
Lugalzagesi |
king of Uruk |
late 24th century |
6 |
Marduk-lamassashu |
vizier in Babylon |
early 17th century |
13 |
Mashum |
soldier and farmer in Larsa (m) |
mid-18th century |
11 |
Mizatu |
enslaved brewer, wife of Nabu-utirri in Babylon |
mid-6th century |
20 |
Muballit-Sherua |
princess of Assyria, queen of Babylonia, wife of Burna-Buriash II |
mid-14th century |
15 |
Nabu-naid/Nabonidus |
scribal student, official, and king of Babylonia |
ruled 556–539 |
19 and 20 |
Nabu-utirri |
enslaved brewer, husband of Mizatu in Babylon |
mid-6th century |
20 |
Nabu-ushallim |
dream interpreter in Assyria (m) |
early 7th century |
18 |
Napir-Asu |
princess of Babylonia, queen of Elam, wife of Untash-Napirisha |
mid-14th century |
15 |
Naram-Sin |
king of Akkad |
2254–2218 |
6 |
Nebuchadnezzar II |
king of Babylonia |
604–562 |
19 |
Nefertiti |
queen of Egypt |
mid-14th century |
15 |
Pihatni-ipiq |
possible governor in Larsa |
mid-19th century |
8 |
Puabi |
queen of Ur |
c. 2500 |
3 |
Puduhepa |
queen of Hatti |
mid-13th century |
16 |
Rimut-Anu |
scribe and exorcist in Uruk (m) |
5th century |
20 |
Rishiya |
chief musician at Mari (m) |
mid-18th century |
10 |
Ruzi-mali |
merchant and envoy in Ebla (m) |
c. 2300 |
5 |
Samsu-ditana |
king of Babylon |
1625–1595 |
13 |
Samsu-iluna |
king of Babylon |
1749–1712 |
13 |
Sargon |
king of Akkad |
2334–2279 |
6 |
Sasi |
official and possible conspirator in Assyria (m) |
early 7th century |
18 |
Se’-idri |
tenant vineyard gardener in Assyria (m) |
late 8th century |
19 |
Shamash-hazir |
land overseer in Larsa |
mid-18th century |
11 |
Shamshi-Adad |
king of Upper Mesopotamia |
1807–1776 |
10 |
Shara-igizi-Abzu |
esh-a in Umma, daughter of Ushumgal |
early 3rd millennium |
3 |
Shulgi |
king of Ur |
2094–2046 |
7 |
Sin-idinnam |
governor general of Larsa |
mid-18th century |
11 |
Sumu-El |
king of Larsa |
1894–1866 |
8 |
Sumu-la-El |
king of Babylon |
1880–1845 |
8 |
Suppiluliuma I |
king of Hatti |
1344–1322 |
15 |
Tabur-damu |
queen of Ebla |
c. 2300 |
5 |
Tawananna |
princess of Babylonia, queen of Hatti, wife of Suppiluliuma I |
mid-14th century |
15 |
Tushratta |
king of Mittani |
mid-14th century |
14 and 15 |
Unnamed Babylonian princess |
princess of Babylonia, wife of Akhenaten |
mid-14th century |
15 |
Unnamed brickmaker |
brickmaker in Ur (m) |
early 21st century |
7 |
Unnamed children |
child laborers who worked for the temple in Girsu (m, f) |
21st century |
7 |
Unnamed deportees |
deportees in the Assyrian Empire (m, f) |
9th and 8th centuries |
17 |
Unnamed eunuch |
chief eunuch and conspirator in Assyria |
early 7th century |
18 |
Unnamed girl |
enslaved girl and prophet in Harran |
early 7th century |
18 |
Unnamed goldsmiths |
goldsmiths in Assyria (m) |
9th–7th centuries |
19 |
Unnamed perfume-makers |
perfume-makers in Babylonia (f) |
mid-6th century |
19 |
Unnamed priest-king/en |
leader of Uruk |
late 4th millennium |
1 and 2 |
Unnamed sculptors |
sculptors in Assyria (m) |
early 9th century |
17 |
Unnamed traveler |
visitor to the Stone Cone Temple, Uruk |
mid-4th millennium |
1 |
Untash-Napirisha |
king of Elam |
1340–1300 |
15 |
Ur-Namma |
king of Ur |
2112–2095 |
7 |
Ur-Nanshe |
king of Lagash |
mid-3rd millennium |
3 |
Urtenu |
merchant in Ugarit (m) |
late 13th century |
16 |
Urukagina |
king of Lagash |
mid-24th century |
4 |
Ushumgal |
pab-shesh priest in Umma, father of Shara-igizi-Abzu |
early 3rd millennium |
3 |
Various naditums |
naditums in Sippar (f) |
mid-18th century |
12 |
Various washermen |
washermen in Babylonia |
mid-6th century |
19 |
Various weavers |
weavers in Assyria (m, f) |
9th–7th centuries |
19 |
Wife of Ur-lugal |
borrower in Umma (f) |
mid-21st century |
7 |
Yasmah-Addu |
viceroy in Mari |
early 18th century |
10 |
Zadamma |
man in Emar |
late 13th century |
16 |
Zimri-Lim |
king of Mari |
1774–1762 |
10 |
Zum |
weaving supervisor in Lagash (f) |
mid-24th century |
4 |