TIMELINE

All dates in this book are B.C. (B.C.E.) unless otherwise noted

559 Cyrus the Great becomes king of Persia

490 First Persian invasion of Greece, battle of Marathon

480 Second Persian invasion of Greece, battle of Thermopylae

431 Peloponnesian War begins

404 Peloponnesian War ends

359 Philip ascends to throne of Macedonia

356 Birth of Alexander (July)

343 Aristotle arrives in Macedonia as Alexander’s tutor

338 Philip victorious at battle of Chaeronea; Alexander visits Athens; Alexander goes into exile

337 League of Corinth meets, authorizes invasion of Persian Empire

336 Darius III becomes king of Persia; Alexander returns from exile; murder of Philip; ascension of Alexander to throne of Macedonia

335 Alexander campaigns on the Danube; revolt and destruction of Thebes

334 Alexander crosses into Asia Minor; battle of the Granicus; capture of Miletus and Halicarnassus

333 Episode of the Gordion Knot; battle of Issus

332 Siege of Tyre; capture of Gaza; Alexander enters Egypt

331 Alexander visits oracle at Siwa; battle of Gaugamela; Alexander enters Babylon

330 Persepolis captured and burned; death of Darius; conspiracy of Philotas

329 Alexander crosses the Hindu Kush, reaches the Oxus River, advances to Samarkand; defeat of Bessus

328 Murder of Cleitus the Black

327 Marriage to Roxane; pages conspiracy; Alexander invades India

326 Battle of the Hydaspes; death of Bucephalas; mutiny on the Hyphasis

325 Alexander reaches the sea; march through the Gedrosian desert; voyage of Nearchus and the fleet

324 Alexander returns to Persia; mass marriages at Susa; death of Hephaestion

323 Alexander returns to Babylon; death of Alexander in June

MACEDONIAN KINGS

PERSIAN KINGS