The researcher for Ball of Fire, as well as for two of my other books, was John Bennett at Sterling Library, Yale University. In examining a life begun nearly a century ago, and a career that ended more than two decades ago, I found it necessary to ransack hundreds of long-forgotten personal papers, as well as thousands of periodicals, memoirs, books, and that newest form of communication, Web sites. These concerned not only the obvious subject of bygone show business personalities, but the more complex categories of politics and finance. Mr. Bennett’s work was a model of nuance and scruple, with special attention paid to obscure records ranging geographically from upstate New York to Hollywood, Broadway, Europe, and the Caribbean. The writing of this book would not have been possible without his unflagging diligence, and persistence.
For additional research I am also indebted to Danielle Moon, Archivist, Manuscripts and Archives, Yale University Library; Jean Geist, Librarian, Popular Culture Library, Bowling Green University; Lyn Olsson, Acting Special Collections Librarian, Malcolm A. Love Library, San Diego State University; Brad Bauer, Archivist, Herbert Hoover Presidential Library-Museum; Nathaniel Parks, Senior Archival Assistant, Special Collections, Boston University; Sally McManus, Palm Springs Historical Society; Nancy Robinson, Librarian/Local History Indexer, Palm Springs Public Library.
Individuals who provided enormous aid include Lucie Arnaz Luckinbill, Daniel Melnick, Regina Kessler, the late Chuck Jones, Josh Greenfeld, Howard Weishaus, Stephen Becker, Kevin and Andrew Ettinger, Robert Rittner, Robert Tucker, Will Shortz, Robert Mankoff, Steven Zeitlin, Dr. Robert Spitzer, Richard Schickel, and others who prefer to remain anonymous.
Although all the works cited below bear on Lucille Ball’s biography, several are particularly significant, for historians, scholars, and unabashed Lucy fans.
AUTOBIOGRAPHIES OF LUCY AND DESI
Arnaz, Desi. A Book. New York: Morrow, 1976. Desi’s disarmingly candid appraisal of his private and professional life happily stresses his own virtues but never shies away from his liabilities, including his alcoholism and unbridled temper that eventually broke up a storybook marriage. Filled with engaging show business anecdota.
Ball, Lucille, with Betty Hannah Hoffman. Love, Lucy. New York: Putnam, 1996. A posthumously published, less-than-frank exercise in nostalgia. The tone is clearly that of a woman who would rather not bear any grudges—in print—but who is withholding a lot from the reader. Nonetheless, a valuable item because Lucy wrote so little about herself.
KEY BIOGRAPHIES AND MEMOIRS
Brady, Kathleen. Lucille: The Life of Lucille Ball. New York: Hyperion, 1994. The most recent of the biographies, this thoroughly researched, important work uncovers new material about Ball’s early years in Jamestown, N.Y., and closely follows various stages of her career, from modeling in Manhattan to acting in minor and major Hollywood films, to the rise of I Love Lucy and Desilu, to the slow decline of marriage, family, vocation, and, finally, health.
Brochu, Jim. Lucy in the Afternoon: An Intimate Biography of Lucille Ball. New York: Morrow, 1990. A graceful, melancholy memoir of Ball in her final years, by a close friend who noted her recollections of triumphs, sorrows, and regrets, and saw her through the last illness.
Gregory, James. The Lucille Ball Story. New York: New American Library, 1974. An early and rather uncritical appraisal of the star after the breakup of her marriage, but well before her decline.
Harris, Eleanor. The Real Story of Lucille Ball. New York: Farrar, Straus & Young, 1954. The first biography of the star, shortly after I Love Lucy had risen from sitcom to phenomenon. A valuable indicator of television’s power to amuse—and then to influence—its new audience.
Higham, Charles. Lucy: The Life of Lucille Ball. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1986. A short, intelligent biography of the actress–studio head, published three years before her death, by a veteran Hollywood biographer and journalist.
Morella, Joe, and Edward Z. Epstein. Lucy: The Bittersweet Life of Lucille Ball. Secaucus, N.J.: L. Stuart, 1973. An early account of, as the authors put it, “a super-talented woman with a super-fascinating life.”
Oppenheimer, Jess. Laughs, Luck—and Lucy: How I Came to Create the Most Popular Sitcom of All Time. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, 1996. Despite its subtitle, a disarming and bemused account of I Love Lucy from drawing-table idea to international phenomenon, by its inventor and first producer. The late author recalls his employers with affection, but does not shy away from less-than-flattering glimpses of the couple under pressure.
Sanders, Coyne Steven, and Tom Gilbert. Desilu: The Story of Lucille Ball and Desi Arnaz. New York: Morrow, 1993. A close, sophisticated look at Lucille Ball and Desi Arnaz, separately and together, with great emphasis on the formation and daily operation of the Desilu studios. With many interviews and photographs.
Tannen, Lee. I Loved Lucy: My Friendship with Lucille Ball. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2001. Another fan checks in, with his own chronicle of Lucille Ball in old age. Manifestly, she grew dependent on her young admirer, and it is to his credit that he not only treated her well, but saw to it that her meditations on life, love, and work were recorded in print.
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———. Made in Hollywood. Chicago: Contemporary Books, 1977.
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———. Lucy & Desi: The Legendary Love Story of Television’s Most Famous Couple. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1991.
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