(See Bibliography for full details of sources)
Introduction
1. Kingsford (ed.), The First English Life of King Henry the Fifth, p. 131
2. Harriss (ed.), Henry V, pp. 209–10
3. Perroy, La Guerre de Cent Ans, pp. 204–5
Chapter I, ‘The Usurpers’
1. The First English Life of King Henry the Fifth, p. 17
2. ‘Franche dague, dit un Anglais/Vous ne faites que boire vin.’
3. Froissart, cit. Ascoli, La Grande Bretagne devant l’Opinion Française, p. 33
4. Hardyng, Chronicle, p. 353
5. Adam of Usk picked it up, Chronicon Adae de Usk, p. 119
Chapter II, ‘Prince Henry and Prince Owain’
1. Adam of Usk, op. cit., p. 42
2. Wylie, History of England under Henry IV, p. 107
3. Adam of Usk, op. cit., p. 57
4. Capgrave, The Chronicle of England, p. 279
5. Hingeston (ed.), Royal and Historical Letters during the Reign of Henry IV, Vol. I, p. 149
6. Capgrave, op. cit., p. 279, who adds, ‘Many othir inconvenientis did thei that time.’
7. For Tiptopt’s career, see Complete Peerage and Dictionary of National Biography
Chapter III, ‘He Would Usurp the Crown’
1. Taylor and Roskell (eds), Gesta Henrici Quinti, p. 19: ‘almost second to none in the King’s confidence.’
2. Capgrave, op. cit., p. 291
3. Juvénal, in Dénifle, La Desolation des eglises, monastères et hôpitaux en France pendant la Guerre de Cent Ans, Vol. I, p. 505
4. Jean de Montreuil, cit. Lewis, Essays in Later Medieval French History, p. 194
5. The First English Life of King Henry the Fifth has a strange tale of how the prince wore a fantastic coat, the symbolism of which has been forgotten, for this second meeting, pp. 11–12
6. Taylor and Roskell (eds), op. cit., p. 13
7. The First English Life of King Henry the Fifth, p. 17
8. McFarlane, Cambridge Medieval History, Vol. VIII, p. 379
9. Foxe, Book of Martyrs in The Acts and Monuments, Vol. III, pp. 235–9
Chapter IV, ‘No Lordship’
1. Chronique du Réligieux de Saint-Denys, Vol. IV, p. 770
2. Vita et Gesta Henrici Quinti, p. 24
3. The First English Life of King Henry the Fifth, p. 17
4. Huizinga, The Waning of the Middle Ages, p. 96; Taylor and Roskell (eds), op. cit., p. 181, prays that under a single ruler England and France may ‘turn as soon as possible against the unsubdued and bloody faces of the heathen’.
5. ‘It is upon admiration, not affection, that his historical reputation has always been based.’ Allmand, ‘Henry V the Soldier, and the War in France’, in Henry V, (ed. Harriss) p. 132
6. Livius de Frulovisis (Tito Livio), Vita Henrici Quinti, p. 5; The First English Life of King Henry the Fifth, p. 17
7. Jacob, The Fifteenth Century, p. 480
8. For Netter, see Dictionary of National Biography; also Wylie and Waugh, The Reign of Henry V. Vol. I, pp. 239–41; for a more sympathetic portrait see Knowles, The Religious Orders in England, Vol. II, pp. 145–48
9. Knowles, op. cit., Vol. II, pp. 175–82
10. For Lollards, see Knowles, op. cit., Vol. II, passim; and McFarlane, Wycliffe and the Beginnings of English Non-conformity
11. See McFarlane, Lancastrian Kings and Lollard Knights
12. Taylor and Roskell (eds.), op. cit., pp. 10–11
13. ibid., p. 7
14. Catto, ‘Religious Change under Henry V’ in Henry V (ed. Harriss), p. 97
15. ibid., p. 115
16. The most recent and comprehensive study is Powell, ‘The Restoration of Law and Order’ in Henry V(ed. Harriss), pp. 53–74
17. Catto, ‘The King’s Servants’ in Henry V (ed. Harriss), pp. 82–3
18. Rymer, Foedera, Conventiones, Vol. IX, pp. 300–1
19. Taylor and Roskell (eds.), op. cit., p. 19
20. Capgrave, op. cit., p. 309
21. Wylie and Waugh, The Reign of Henry V, Vol. I, pp. 517–39; the best short account of the Southampton Plot is in Taylor and Roskell, op. cit., App. III, pp. 188–90
21. McFarlane, Nobility of Later Medieval England, p. 246
Chapter V, ‘The English Armada’
1. Wylie and Waugh, op. cit., Vol. I, pp. 447–8
2. See J. Palmer, ‘The War Aims of the Protagonists and the Negotiations for Peace’ in The Hundred Years War (ed. Fowler), pp. 66–70
3. Strecche, Chronicle, pp. 150–1
4. Taylor and Roskell (eds.), op. cit., pp. 17–19
5. Wylie and Waugh, op. cit., Vol. I, pp. 113–4
6. Harriss (ed.), Henry V, p. 40
7. McFarlane, Nobility of Later Medieval England; and Postan, Economic History Review
8. Hewitt, ‘The Organisation of War’ in Henry V (ed. Harriss), pp. 82–3
9. See Richmond, ‘The War at Sea’, in The Hundred Years War (ed. Fowler), pp. 96–121
10. Taylor and Roskell (eds.), op. cit., p. 21
Chapter VI, ‘Our Town of Harfleur’
1. Jacob, Henry V and the Invasion of France, p. 85
2. Taylor and Roskell (eds.), op. cit., p. 39
3. Capgrave, op. cit., p. 311
4. ibid., p. 13
5. Allmand, Lancastrian Normandy, p. 51
Chapter VII, ‘That Dreadful Day of Agincourt’
1. Taylor and Roskell (eds.), op. cit., p. 67
2. Livius de Frulovisis (Tito Livio), op. cit., p. 14
3. Taylor and Roskell (eds.), op. cit., p. 77
4. Monstrelet, Chroniques d’Enguerran de Monstrelet, Vol. III, p. 102
5. Waurin, Receuil des croniques et anchiennes istories de la Grant Bretaigne à present nomme Engleterre, 1399–1422, Vol. II, p. 208
6. Taylor and Roskell (eds.), op. cit., pp. 85–7
7. Livius de Frulovisis (Tito Livio), op. cit., pp. 19–20
8. Halle, The Union of Two Noble and Illustre Families of Lancastre and Yorke, p. 70
9. The First English Life of King Henry the Fifth, p. 64
Chapter VIII, ‘To Teach the Frenchmen Courtesy’
1. Printed in Taylor and Roskell (eds.), op. cit., App. IV (formerly ascribed to John Lydgate).
2. ibid., p. 113
3. ibid., p. 175
4. Wylie and Waugh, op. cit., Vol. II, Ch. 45, ‘The Navy’
5. Taylor and Roskell (eds.) op. cit., App. III, pp. 189–90
6. ‘Il se savait remarquablement secondé par son frère Jean, le duc de Bedford.’ Favier, Guerre de Cent Ans, p. 437
7. Harriss (ed.) op. cit., p. 45
8. See Powicke, ‘Lancastrian Captains’, Essays in Medieval History, op. cit.
9. Taylor and Roskell (eds.), op. cit., p. 151.
Chapter IX, ‘The Fall of Caen’
1. The Brut of England, p. 382
2. Chartier, Chronique de Charles VII, roi de France, Vol. I, p. 6
3. ‘Propter horrorem nominis Anglorum … ferocissime belue quam homines.’ Basin, Histoire de Charles VII, pp. 62–4
4. Chronique du Réligieux de Saint-Denys, Vol. VI, p. 100
5. ibid., Vol. VI, p. 104
6. Wylie and Waugh, op. cit., Vol. III, p. 61
7. Morosini, Chronique d’Antonio Morosini: Extraits rélativs à l’histoire de France, 1414–1428, Vol. II, pp. 146–9
8. Chronique du Réligieux de Saint-Denys, Vol. VI, p. 134
9. ibid., Vol. VI, p. 161
10. Juvénal, Histoire de Charles VI, p. 539
11. The First English Life of King Henry the Fifth, p. 102
12. Chronique du Réligieux de Saint-Denys, Vol. VI, p. 165
13. ibid., Vol. VI, p. 165
14. ibid., Vol. VI, p. 381
Chapter X, ‘The Fall of Rouen’
1. Monstrelet, op. cit., Vol. III, p. 278
2. Page, ‘The Siege of Rouen’ in The Historical Collections of a Citizen of London, pp. 4–5
3. Riley (ed.), Memorials of London and Lower Life in the XIIIth, XIVth and XVth Centuries.
4. Page, op. cit., p. 18
5. The First English Life of King Henry V, pp. 134, 135
6. The Brut of England, p. 422
7. Monstrelet, op. cit., Vol. III, p. 308
Chapter XI, ‘The Norman Conquest – In Reverse’
1. Allmand, Lancastrian Normandy, pp. 52–3
2. Juvénal, op. cit., p. 545; Chronique du Réligieux de Saint-Denys, Vol. VI, pp. 311–13
3. As recently as the 1960s, in La Résistance à l’Occupation anglais, p. 18, Jouet argued, ‘En effet, les Anglais ont volontairement et clairement usé du terme préexistant de “brigand” pour designer une réalité nouvelle, le partisan. Manoeuvre habile …’
4. Basin, op. cit., Vol. I, pp. 166–8
5. ‘So alarmed were the English authorities that they attempted to restrict, then to prevent the emigrants from leaving, and finally to entice them to return … by remission of rent and tax concessions.’ Fowler, Hundred Years War, p. 14
6. Newhall, The English Conquest of Normandy, p. 226
7. The First English Life of King Henry the Fifth, pp. 132–4
Chapter XII, ‘The Murder of John the Fearless’
1. Monstrelet, op. cit., Vol. III, p. 320
2. ibid., Vol. III, pp. 321 ff
3. Vaughan, John the Fearless, p. 230
4. Journal d’un Bourgeois de Paris, pp. 126–7
5. ibid., p. 129
6. McFarlane, Nobility of Later Medieval England, p. 33
7. Stevenson (ed.), Letters and Papers, Vol. II, pp. 579–81
8. Vaughan argues convincingly that the dauphin was well aware of the trap, John the Fearless, pp. 274–86
9. The First English Life of King Henry the Fifth, p. 153
10. Hearne (ed.), op. cit., pp. 80, 81
Chapter XIII, ‘Heir and Regent of France’
1. Ascoli, op. cit., pp. 12–13, who takes it from Doncieux Romancero Populaire de France, showing it refers to the marriage of Catherine to Henry V and not to that of Henrietta Maria to Charles I.
2. Chronique du Réligieux de Saint-Denys, Vol. VI, p. 163
3. Monstrelet, op. cit., Vol. III, p. 406
4. Juvénal, op. cit., p. 561
5. Waurin, op. cit., Vol. II, p. 429
6. Juvénal, op cit., p. 561
7. ibid., p. 561
Chapter XIV, ‘The Fall of Paris 1420’
1. Journal d’un Bourgeois de Paris, p. 145
2. ibid., pp. 146, 156
3. Chastellain, Oeuvres, Vol. I, pp. 198–200
4. Monstrelet, op. cit., Vol. IV, pp. 9–10; Chastellain, op. cit., Vol. I, p. 179
5. Monstrelet, op. cit., Vol. IV, p. 17; Tutuey (ed.), op. cit., p. 145
6. Monstrelet, op. cit., Vol. II, p. 305
7. Perroy, op. cit., pp. 232–3
8. Vale’s brilliant Charles VII does belated justice to him, altering the traditional picture.
Chapter XV, ‘Lancastrian Normandy’
1. Le Cacheux, Rouen au temps de Jeanne d’Arc et pendant l’occupation anglais (1419–1449)
2. Blondel, Complanctorum bonorum Gallorum, ch. xix
3. Blondel, Oratio Historialis, ch. iii
4. Newhall, op. cit., pp. 240–2
5. Rymer, op. cit., Vol. X, pp. 160–1
6. Newhall, op. cit., p. 236
7. At the truce of Tours of May 1444 the English agreed to end pâtis, courses, sauvegardes, billets and congés in Normandy, Anjou, Maine and Perches, and at Mantes and at Le Crotoy.
8. Allmand, op. cit., p. 30
9. Puiseux, L’Emigration Normande et la colonisation anglaise en Normandie au XVe Siècle, pp. 56–7
10. Favier, ‘La Tourment’ in Histoire de la Normandie (ed. Boüard), pp. 233–4
11. Favier, Guerre de Cent Ans, p. 467. In 1430 the ecclesiastical judges at Rouen gave a ruling that ‘son of an Englishman’ was an insult as grave as ‘son of a whore’.
Chapter XVI, ‘Rending of Every Man Throughout the Realm’
1. Wylie and Waugh, op. cit., Vol. III
2. Harvey, ‘Architectural History from 1291 to 1558’ in A History of York Minster, pp. 181–6.
3. McFarlane, Cambridge Medieval History, Vol. VIII, p. 387
4. Newhall, op. cit., p. 266
5. Juvénal, op. cit., p. 565
6. Strecche, Chronicle, p. 278
7. Adam of Usk, op. cit., p. 133
8. Harriss (ed.), op. cit., p. 177
9. Newhall, op. cit., p. 150–1, and Jacob, op. cit., pp. 204–10
10. Rymer, op. cit., Vol. X, p. 131
11. Knowles, op. cit., Vol. II, pp. 182–4
Chapter XVII, ‘Meaux Falls’
1. Chastellain, op. cit., Vol. I, p. 220
2. Juvénal, op. cit., p. 566
3. Chartier, op. cit., Vol. I, p. 6
4. Chastellain, op. cit., Vol. I, p. 282
5. Burne, The Agincourt War, p. 179
6. Walsingham, op. cit., Vol. II, p. 343
7. Chronique du Réligieux de Saint-Denys, Vol. VI, p. 381
8. ibid., Vol. VI, p. 381
9. Juvénal, op. cit, p. 561
10. Journal d’un Bourgeois de Paris, p. 171 ff
11. Chronique du Réligieux de Saint-Denys, Vol. VI, p. 450
12. Journal d’un Bourgeois de Paris, p. 178
13. ibid., p. 163
14. Waurin, op. cit., Vol. II, p. 361
15. Clephan, ‘The Ordnance of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries’, Archaeological Journal, pp. 49–84
16. Letter in Bib. Nat. fr. 26044, no. 5712 – cit. Newhall, op. cit., p. 264
17. Calendar of Patent Rolls, Henry V (8 April, 1421), p. 384
18. Journal d’un Bourgeois de Paris, p. 170
19. Juvénal, op. cit., p. 563
20. Chronique du Réligieux de Saint-Denys, Vol. VI, p. 563
21. ‘ac hospitalus fuit in castro delectabilissimo du boys de Vincennes per Seneam distante’, ibid., p. 466
22. The First English Life of King Henry the Fifth, p. 178
23. The Brut of England, Vol. II, p. 493
24. Chastellain, op. cit., Vol. I, p. 313
25. Journal d’un Bourgeois de Paris, p. 174 ff
Chapter XVIII, ‘Lancastrian France’
1. Wylie and Waugh, op. cit., Vol. III, p. 143
2. Perroy, op. cit., p. 219. ‘Henri V se fit brutal, lésa sans remords tous les intérêts. Expulsions, confiscations, amendes, firent regner un régime de terreur.’
3. Favier, op. cit., p. 463
4. Walsingham, Historia Anglicana, Vol. II, p. 336
5. Chartier, op. cit., Vol. I, p. 13
6. Basin, op. cit., Vol. II, pp. 9–10
7. Puiseux, op. cit., Allmand, Lancastrian Normandy
8. Basin, op. cit., Vol. I, pp. 106–7
9. Le Cacheux, Actes de la Chancellerie de Henri VI, Vol. 1, pp. 253–5
10. Juvénal, in Dénifle, op. cit., Vol. I, pp. 502–12
11. ibid., p. 511
12. Stevenson (ed.), Letters and Papers, Vol. I, pp. 10–19
13. Dénifle, op. cit., Vol. I, xvi
14. Juvénal, in Dénifle, op. cit., Vol. I, p. 506
15. Blondel, ‘De Reductione Normanniae’, in Narratives of the Expulsion of the English from Normandy, p. 179, ‘Quid de tuis sacrilegiis, Henrie, rex immanissimo, omnium sacrilegorum princeps.’
16. Chronique du Réligieux de Saint-Denys, Vol. VI, p. 165
17. Chartier, op. cit., p. 4
18. Basin, op. cit., Vol. I, pp. 86–8. The great Lancastrian lawyer Sir John Fortescue, who was in France during the late 1460s, reports, ‘there was never people in that land more poor than were in our time the commons of the county of Caux, which was then almost desert for lack of tillers.’ (The Pays de Caux had once been the granary of eastern Normandy.)
19. The First English Life of King Henry the Fifth, p. 131
20. Chastellain, op. cit., Vol. I, p. 221
21. ibid., Vol. I, pp. 221–22, 308
22. cit. Ascoli, op. cit., p. 18
23. cit. Lewis, Essays in Later French Medieval History, p. 194
24. Robinet, cit. Ascoli, op. cit., p. 43
25. Commynes, Mémoires, Vol. II, p. 37
26. Fowler, The Hundred Years War, p. 23
27. Cheruel, Histoire de Rouen sous la domination anglaise au quinzième siècle, pp. 86–8
28. McFarlane, The Nobility of Later Medieval England, p. 35
29. Monstrelet, op. cit., Vol. IV, p. 117. The nobleman was ‘Messire Sarasin d’Ailli, uncle to the Vidame of Amiens’.
30. Juvénal, in Dénifle, op. cit., Vol. I, p. 500
31. Chastellain, op. cit., Vol. I, pp. 337–9
Chapter XIX, ‘Death’
1. Waurin, op. cit., Vol. II, p. 426
2. Basin, op. cit., Vol. I, p. 79
3. Favier, op. cit., p. 455. ‘Dans ce réalisme des derniers instants, Henri V reconnaissait implicitement la légitimité du futur Charles VII.’
4. Chastellain, op. cit., Vol. I, pp. 339–40
5. Chartier, op. cit., Vol. I, p. 28
6. Journal d’un Bourgeois de Paris, p. 178
7. Waurin, op. cit., Vol. II, p. 428; Monstrelet, op. cit., Vol. IV, p. 116
8. The Brut of England, Vol. II, p. 430
9. Waurin, op. cit., Vol. II, p. 429
10. Chartier, op. cit., Vol. I, p. 6
11. Chastellain, op. cit., Vol. I, p. 312
12. Jacob, op. cit., p. 202
13. Wylie and Waugh, op. cit., Vol. III, p. 426
14. McFarlane, Cambridge Medieval History, Vol. VIII, pp. 384–5
15. Basin, op. cit., Vol. I, p. 89
16. Journal d’un Bourgeois de Paris, p. 320
17. Shakespeare, King Henry V, Act III, scene iii
Chapter XX, Epilogue
1. Commynes, op. cit., Vol. II, p. 256
2. ibid., Vol. II, p. 240