BEFORE 1429: FRANCE AND ENGLAND
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496 |
Clovis, King of the Franks, baptised by St Remigius |
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800 |
Charlemagne, King of the Franks, crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Leo II |
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1066 |
William, Duke of Normandy, becomes King of England |
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1154 |
Henry II, Count of Anjou, Duke of Normandy and (by his wife) Duke of Aquitaine, becomes King of England |
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1200–4 |
Philip II Augustus, King of France, conquers Angevin and Norman lands |
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1258 |
Louis IX (St Louis) becomes suzerain of Henry III as Duke of Guyenne |
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1309 |
In the reign of Philip IV, Pope Clement V moves the papacy to Avignon |
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1328 |
Failure of direct line royal line: Philip, Count of Valois, chosen as king; he becomes King Philip VI (1328–50) |
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1327–77 |
Reign of Edward III, son of Isabella of France, in England |
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1337 |
Edward III claims throne of France |
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1346 |
English victory at Crécy |
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1347 |
The English capture Calais |
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1350–64 |
Reign of John II, King of France |
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1356 |
English victory at Poitiers |
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1361 |
Treaty of Brétigny: France surrenders sovereignty of Aquitaine to England |
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1369 |
Charles V (1364–80) reclaims Aquitaine |
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1377–99 |
Richard II, King of England, marries Isabella (1396), eldest daughter of Charles VI, King of France (1380–1422) |
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1407 |
Louis, Duke of Orléans murdered by men loyal to John, Duke of Burgundy |
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1413 |
Joan of Arc born at Domremy; death of Henry IV, King of England |
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1415 |
Henry V wins battle of Agincourt and captures Charles, Duke of Orléans |
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1417–19 |
Henry V conquers Normandy |
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1420 |
Treaty of Troyes: the Dauphin Charles disinherited in favour of Henry V (soon married to Charles’s sister Catherine) and of Henry’s heirs |
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1422 |
Deaths of Henry V and Charles VI: Henry VI, as King of England, and Henry II, as King of France, succeeds his father and grandfather |
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1428 |
Joan of Arc’s first journey to Vaucouleurs; the Earl of Salisbury in command at Orléans |
1429–31: THE PUBLIC CAREER OF JOAN OF ARC
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1429 |
Joan returns to Vaucouleurs |
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6 February: Joan visits Nancy and meets Charles II of Lorraine |
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12 February: battle of Rouvray (‘Battle of the Herrings’) |
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23 February: Joan leaves for Chinon |
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4–5 March: Joan at Ste-Catherine-de-Fierbois |
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6 March: Joan arrives at Chinon |
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c. 9 March: Joan meets Charles VII |
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21 March: Joan in Poitiers |
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29 April: Joan enters Orléans |
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4 May: Bastard of Orléans returns to Orléans; fall of St-Loup |
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6 May: the French capture Les Augustins |
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7 May: the French capture Les Tourelles |
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8 May: the English fall back on Meung |
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11–12 June: the French capture Jargeau |
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15 June: Joan at Meung-sur-Loire |
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16–17 June: the French capture Beaugency |
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18 June: battle of Patay |
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30 June: Joan travels towards Reims |
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Early July: Joan near Auxerre |
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5–11 July: Joan near Troyes |
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17 July: coronation of Charles VII at Reims |
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8 September: Joan leads attack on Paris |
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10–13 September: Joan at St-Denis |
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October and early November: Joan at St-Pierre-le-Moûtier |
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24 November: Joan leads attack on La Charité-sur-Loire |
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29 December: Joan and her family are ennobled |
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1430 |
23 May: Joan is captured at Compiègne |
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Late May–July: Joan held prisoner at Beaulieu |
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Mid-July–mid-November: Joan at Beaurevoir |
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1431 |
3 January: Joan transferred to the custody of Bishop Cauchon |
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9 January: beginning of the first trial |
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21 February: first public session of the trial |
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10–17 March: closed sessions of the trial |
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18 April: Joan admonished to recant |
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19 May: reading of the condemnation of the University of Paris |
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30 May: Joan executed |
AFTER 1431: THE CAUSE OF JOAN OF ARC
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1435 |
Treaty of Arras between Charles VII and Philip, Duke of Burgundy |
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1436 |
Paris surrenders to the French |
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1440 |
Release of Charles, Duke of Orléans, from prison in England |
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1449 |
French invasion of Normandy; capture of Rouen |
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1450 |
Charles VII authorises investigation into trial of Joan of Arc |
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1452 |
Pope Nicholas V authorises Joan of Arc’s retrial process; Cardinal d’Estouteville and the Inquisitor Jean Bréhal preside |
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1453 |
English finally driven out of Guyenne |
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1455 |
Pope Calixtus III authorises Joan’s mother, Isabelle, to appeal; 7 November: opening session of the retrial held at Notre-Dame, Paris |
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1456 |
7 July: public announcement of the judgment of the court: the original verdict is nullified |
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1589 |
End of the Valois line: Henry IV becomes first Bourbon King of France by reason of the Salic Law of inheritance |
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1789 |
Outbreak of the French Revolution |
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1793 |
Suspension of the feast of Joan of Arc in Orléans |
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1801 |
Napoleon concludes the Concordat with Pope Pius VII |
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1803 |
Napoleon allows revival of festival of Joan in Orléans |
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1804 |
Napoleon crowned Emperor of the French in Notre-Dame |
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1825 |
Charles X consecrated and crowned at Reims: the last king of France to be so |
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1869 |
Dupanloup, Bishop of Orléans, begins process of canonising Joan |
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1870–1 |
Franco-Prussian War leads to loss of part of Lorraine and creation of the Third Republic |
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1878–1903 |
Papacy of Leo XII |
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1894 |
Joan declared Venerable; Alfred Dreyfus court-martialled for forgery |
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1898 |
Founding of Action Française |
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1903 |
Formal proposal for canonisation of Joan |
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1909 |
11 April: Joan beatified by Pius X (Pope 1903–14) |
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1920 |
16 May: Joan canonised by Pope Benedict XV; Joan given a national feast day |
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1922–39 |
Papacy of Pius XI |
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1926 |
Action Française placed on the Index |
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1931 |
30 May: five hundredth anniversary of the death of Joan |
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1939 |
Pius XII (1939–58) lifts ban on Action Française |
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1940–4 |
Vichy France and Free French dispute devotion to Joan |
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1945 |
6 February: execution of Robert Brasillach |
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8 May: Feast of St Joan of Arc; VE Day |
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1959 |
As First President of the Fifth Republic, de Gaulle presides over the ceremonies at Orléans |
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1974 |
The Centre Jeanne d’Arc in Orléans founded by Régine Pernoud, with the encouragement of de Gaulle’s former minister of culture, André Malraux |
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1980 |
1 May: the first meeting of the Front National to celebrate its feast of St Joan |
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1989 |
In the bicentenary year of the French Revolution, President Mitterrand presides over the ceremonies at Orléans for the second time. |