Full bibliographical details of the works cited in short form will be found in the list of Sources.
CHAPTER 1 Gift from Heaven
1 Motteville, I, p. 33.
2 Gazette de France, 28 April 1638.
3 Kleinman, p. 137.
4 Sackville-West, p. 49.
5 Spanheim, p. 32.
6 Dulong, Femmes, p. 74; Dictionary of Saints', St Leonard.
7 Motteville, I, p. 22; Bluche, Vie quotidienne, p. 131.
8 Bluche, Louis, p. 11.
9 Motteville, I, pp. 14–15;
Kleinman, p. 65.
10 Saint-Simon (1856), I, p. 36.
11 La Porte, p. 36.
12 Kleinman, p. 17.
13 La Porte, p. 93.
14 Bouyer, p. 35.
15 Levi, pp. 14, 19, makes a case for Mazarin's paternity throughout his biography of Louis XIV based on the evidence of a document which has vanished; he does not tackle the question of Monsieur's birth two years later. Historians generally accept that Louis XIII was the father of Louis XIV.
16 Petitfils, Louis, pp. 24ff.
17 Teissier, pp. 35ff; Goubert, p. 17.
18 Teissier, pp. 57fr.
19 Dulong, Anne, p. 142, accepts the storm story; Bertière, I, p. 306, is sceptical.
20 Petitfils, Louis, p. 25.
21 Muhlstein, p. 206.
22 Journal de la Santé, p. 386.
23 Decker, p. 58; Duchêne, Femme, p. 211; Henriette-Anne d'Orléans in 1662, Norrington, p. 54.
24 Wolf, p. 4 & note 2, p. 623; Dunlop, p. 2.
25 Horoscope by Liz Greene, Equinox.
26 Pitts, p. 124.
27 La Porte, p. 133; Louis, Mémoires, I, p. 120.
28 Mademoiselle Andrieu, quoted in Kleinman, pp. 112–13 & note 54, p. 303.
29 Motteville, I, pp. 170ff.
30 Bonneville, pp. 82–3; Petitfils, Louis, p. 117; Muhlstein, p. 236; La Porte, p. 135.
31 Motteville, I, p. xxvii.
32 Corneille, Le Cid, Act III, scene 6.
33 Wolf, p. 11, calls it ‘improbable … perhaps the story is one of those that should have happened even if it did not'.
34 Ormesson, I, p. 43; Miller, Bourbon, p. 85.
35 Motteville, I, p. 102.
36 Dunlop, p. 27.
CHAPTER 2 Vigour of the Princess
1 See especially Wolf, pp. 46, 85, & 626, note 4 to ch. 8, who suggests ‘a secret marriage'; but Kleinman, p. 226, refers to the ‘lack of solid evidence' for it.
2 Madeleine Laurain-Portemer, see Kleinman ref. 63, p. 322.
3 Visconti, p. 6; Ziegler, p. 193.
4 Dulong, Amoureuses, p. 26; Dulong, Mazarin, p. 137.
5 Clairambault MSS, 1144, fols 90–100.
6 Muhlstein, p. 193; Leroy & Loyau, Sagesse, p. 780.
7 Maximes d'Éducation, passim; Leroy & Loyau, Sagesse, p. 33.
8 Cornette, ‘Éducation', p. 217; Pitts, p. 16; La Rochefoucauld, p. 121.
9 Muhlstein, p. 398; Maximes d'Éducation.
10 Motteville, I, p. 236.
11 Halfax, p. 55.
12 Motteville, II, pp. 282fr.
13 Motteville, II, p. 341.
14 Pitts, pp. 5, 231.
15 Déon, p. 284.
16 Louis, Mémoires, I, p. 120.
17 Evelyn, I, pp. 268–9.
18 For the Court Ballet, see especially Christout (1967); Christout (1987); Guest, p. 12; also Hilton, Dance; Quirey.
19 Christout (1987), p. 153.
20 Wolf, p. 115.
21 Petitfils, Louis, p. 171, describes his short stature as ‘a myth'; see Bertière, I, p. 490 & note.
22 Verney, III, pp. 65–6.
23 Beaussant, Louis, pp. 14fr.
24 See Oresko, ‘Marriages', passim.
25 Doscot, p. 33; Egerton MS 23, fol. 32, 91.
26 Mallet-Joris, pp. 9ff.
27 Although Bertière, I, p. 23, correctly describes this story as an ‘unverifiable tradition', it has been generally accepted; see also Carré, Vallière, p. 18; Decker, Louis, p. 120.
28 Saint-Simon (1856), I, p. 34.
29 Motteville, IV, p. 158.
CHAPTER 3 Peace and the Infanta
1 Oresko, ‘Marriages', passim, for the careers of the seven Mazarin nieces and their interaction with the politics of Savoy.
2 Buckley, pp. 238, 296.
3 Pitts, p. 160.
4 Motteville, IV, p. 85.
5 La Fayette, Secret History, p. 16.
6 Corneille, Le Cid, Act V, scene 3.
7 Loyau, Correspondance 1709, p. 51; Davis, Society, p. 124.
8 Davis, ‘Women in Politics', p. 178; Craveri, p. 358; Duchêne, Sévigné, p. 72.
9 Scudéry, Sapho, pp. 45, 58.
10 Doscot, p. 107.
11 Doscot, p. 215, note 2; Doscot points out that even if Saint-Bremond edited them, he used Marie's own Italian text; and see Wolf, p. 627, note 3: ‘If … not written by Marie Mancini herself, it was obviously written by someone who knew her and her career very, very well.'
12 Beaussant, Louis, p. 35.
13 Motteville, IV, p. 118.
14 Buckley, p. 308.
15 Dunlop, p. 43; Motteville, IV, p. 110.
16 Journal de la Santé, note 2, ‘Maladie du Roi à Calais’, pp. 372–8; Meyer, éducation, p. 151.
17 Journal de la Santé, note 2, ‘Maladie du Roi a Calais’, pp. 372–8.
18 Bouyer, p. 147.
19 Dunlop, p. 49.
20 Doscot, p. 109.
21 Wolf, p. 105 & note 5, p. 627.
22 Motteville, IV, p. 144.
23 Voltaire, p. 283.
24 Motteville, IV, pp. 147, 156.
25 Racine, Bérénice, Act IV, scene 5; Act V, scene 6; La Rochefoucauld, p. 29; La Fayette, Mémoires, p. 12.
26 Motteville, IV, p. 133.
27 Caylus (1908), p. 41.
28 Bertiere, II, pp. 43ff.
29 Cortequisse, p. 32.
30 Pitts, p. 151.
31 Cortequisse, pp. 33ff.
32 Motteville, IV, pp. 165fr.
33 Bluche, Louis, p. 90.
CHAPTER 4 Our Court's Eaughing Face
1 Geffroy, Maintenon, I, p. 70.
2 Brandi, p. 488; Wolf, p. 124.
3 Motteville, IV, p. 322.
4 Cortequisse, p. 87.
5 For the composition of the Mémoires, see Déon, pp. 55ff; Petitfils, Louis, p. 217.
6 Oresko, ‘Marriages’, p. 145.
7 La Fayette, Mémoires, p. 30.
8 Loret, IX, p. 29; Motteville, IV, p. 256.
9 Saint-André, pp. 96ff.
10 Bussy-Rabutin, p. 250.
11 Saint-André, p. 34.
12 Hamilton, p. 91; Cowen, p. 6; Burke, p. 2; Dunlop, p. 142.
13 The title of Nicolas Poussin's allegorical picture A Dance to the Music of Time, painted about twenty years earlier; La Fayette, Mémoires, p. 35.
14 La Fayette, Mémoires, p. 32.
15 Déon, p. 301.
16 Loret, p. 129; Bottineau, p. 728.
17 Decker, Louis, p. 51.
18 La Fayette, Mémoires, pp. 31ff.
19 Motteville, IV, pp. 260ff.
20 Saint-Simon (1967), II, p. 790.
21 Lair, p. 61, note 4.
22 Sonnet, p. 151; Loyau, Correspondance 1709, p. 65, note 1; Duchêne, Femme, p. 75.
23 Petitfils, Vallière, pp. 34ff.
24 Bertière, II, p. 93.
25 Carré, Vallière, p. 45.
26 Lair, pp. 52ff.
27 Bussy-Rabutin, Mémoires, II, p. III.
28 Dunlop, p. 87.
29 Loret, XI, p. 173; Decker, Louis, p. 63.
30 Loret, XI, p. 173.
31 Déon, p. 162.
32 Petitfils, Masque de Fer, p. 58.
33 For Jansenism see Doyle, p. 29 and passim; Couton, pp. 61ff & note 9.
34 Lear, pp. 75, 107; J. P. Landry, ‘Bossuet', DGS, I, pp. 215–17; Minois, passim.
35 Carré, Vallière, p. 36; Lair, p. 75.
36 Couton, p. 31; Bajou, p. 28.
CHAPTER 5 Sweet Violence
1 Petitfils, Vallière, p. 106; Couton, p. 43; Bardon, p. 302 & notes 107 & III.
2 Hamelin, p. 8.
3 Haskins, pp. 15ff.
4 Jardine, p. 245; Norton, Sun King, p. 29.
5 Molière, Dom Juan, trans. Frame, Act I, scene 2.
6 See Gaimster et al. ‘Dudley Castle condoms'.
7 Le Roy Ladurie, Saint-Simon,
8 p. 113; Dulong, Vie quotidienne, pp. 90ff.
9 Pitts, pp. 174—5; Hufton, Prospect, p. 182.
10 Carré, Vallière, p. 80.
11 Castro, p. 28; Ormesson, p. 496, note 2.
12 Saint-Maurice, II, p. 60.
13 Bussy-Rabutin, II, p. 151; Christout (1967), pp. 111ff.
14 See Solnon, Versailles, passim; Norton, Sun King, p. 44; Grasse, p. 29.
15 Farmer, p. 100. 1) Mitford, p. 20.
16 Bluche, Louis, p. 180.
17 Beaussant, Lully, p. 800.
18 Solnon, Cour, p. 256; pp. 274ff.
19 Mallet-Joris, p. 39.
20 Solnon, Cour, p. 260; Duchêne, Molière, pp. 381ff.
21 Pitts, p. 250, note 30; Molière, Tartuffe, Act V, scene 7.
22 Motteville, IV, pp. 344ff.
23 Motteville, IV, p. 357.
24 Kleinman, pp. 283ff.
25 Motteville, IV, p. 392.
26 Georges Matoré, ‘Galant, Galanterie’, DGS, I, p. 632—3; Scudéry, Galant, p. 21; Scudéry, Clélie, I, pp. 178ff.
27 Sarti, p. 134.
28 Saint-Simon (1967), III, p. 463; Hilton, p. 157; Pitts, pp. 177–8.
29 Motteville, IV, pp. 339ff.
30 Louis, Mémoires, I, p. 117.
31 Motteville, IV, pp. 437ff.
32 Pitts, pp. 174–5.
33 Sévigné (1955), p. 169.
34 Motteville, IV, p. 447; Dulong, Amoureuses, p. 11.
35 Racine, Bajazet, Act I, scene 1, trans. Hollinghurst.
CHAPTER 6 The Rise of Another
1 Decker, Louis, p. 82; Saint-Maurice, pp. 105, 130; Couton, p. 84.
2 Carré, Vallière, p. 127; Genlis, p. 112.
3 Bertière, II, p. 197.
4 Decker, Montespan, p. 45.
5 Hilton, p. 18; Saint-Simon (1967), II, p. 131.
6 Scudéry, Galant, p. 112.
7 Petitfils, Montespan, pp. 1ff.
8 Hilton, pp. 119ff.
9 Couton, p. 98.
10 Scudéry, Sapho, p. 43; Duchêne, Femme, p. 268.
11 Backer, pp. 91—2.
12 Decker, Montespan, p. 29.
13 La Rochefoucauld, p. 38.
14 Saint-Simon (1856), I, p. 251; Burke, p. 5; Leroy & Loyau, Sagesse, p. 145; Petitfils, Louis, p. 322.
15 Lebrun, p. 50; Gady, p. 59; Sabatier, pp. 361—6.
16 Davis, ‘Women’, p. 168, Saint-Maurice, pp. 71ff.
17 Lair, pp. 170–1.
18 Furetière, Dictionnaire, ‘Légitimer’.
19 Louis, Mémoires, II, p. 313; Lair, pp. 176-80.
20 Letters of a Portuguese Nun, p. 18.
21 Kay et al., p. 167.
22 Hilton, p. 55.
23 Castro, p. 56.
24 Saint-Maurice, pp. 204ff.
25 Duchêne, Molière, pp. 511–12.
26 Castari, p. 478; Mainardi, p. 7; Couton, p. 135.
27 Norrington, p. 153.
28 Bertière, II, Annexe 1, p. 490, ‘a girl?’; Hilton, p. 71, ‘most likely a girl’ (Louise-Françoise).
29 Saint-Maurice, p. 527.
30 Flandrin, pp. 114—29; Grieco, p. 70; Duchêne, Femme, p. 223.
31 Duchêne, Sévigné, p. 132; Goreau, p. 107; Barker, p. 213.
CHAPTER 7 Marriages Like Death
1 Christout (1967), p. 118.
2 Christout (1967), p. 133, note 179; Saint-Simon (1856), II, p. 60.
3 Pepys, IX, p. 352; Fraser, p. 235.
4 Cowen, p. 181.
5 Dunlop, p. 173.
6 Bertière, II, p. 142; Norrington, p. 194.
7 Norrington, p. 195, Saint-Maurice, p. 402.
8 Visages du Grand Siècle, p. 232.
9 Fraser, pp. 273ff.
10 Hartmann, p. 314.
11 La Fayette, Mémoires, pp. 76ff; Hartmann, pp. 326ff.
12 Dr Jean Fabre, Sur la Vie et Principalement la Mort de Madame; see Hartmann p. 333; Bertière, II, p. 152: ‘no symptoms of poisons … Everything points to natural death’; Barker, pp. 113ff.
13 Erlanger, p. 135.
14 Lear, pp. 157ff; Couton, pp. 103—4.
15 Lear, p. 107.
16 Sévigné (1955), p. 43; La Fayette, Mémoires, p. 9.
17 Pitts, pp. 186ff; Bouyer, pp. 206ff.
18 Berwick, I, pp. 75—6; Bertiére, II, p. 171.
19 Wolf, p. 312.
20 Hilton, p. 92.
21 Kroll, p. 46; Liselotte Briefe, p. 51; Forster, pp. 5, xxviii.
22 Kroll, pp. 106, 14; Forster, p. 10.
23 Saint-Simon (1967), II, p. 448; Kroll, p. 18.
24 Kroll, p. 27.
25 Cruysse, p. 121.
26 Cruysse, pp. 193fr.
27 Louis, Mémoires, II, p. 570.
28 Bertière, II, p. 319.
29 Kroll, p. 27; Bertière, II, p. 319.
CHAPTER 8 A Singular Position
1 Haldane, p. 75.
2 Carré, Vallière, p. 183.
3 Hilton, p. 117.
4 Norton, Sun King, pp. 67ff.
5 Fumaroli, p. 373; Couton, p. 138; Visconti, p. 70.
6 Fumaroli, p. 370.
7 Bluche, Louis, p. 196; Cowen, p. 92.
8 Molière, Tartuffe, Act IV, scene 3.
9 Mallet-Joris, pp. 211ff; p. 217, note 1.
10 Doscot, p. 172.
11 Saint-Évremond, p. 269.
12 Bertière, II, pp. 185ff.
13 Desprat, p. 19.
14 Castelot, p. 50; Desprat, p. 236; Bandenier, p. 52.
15 Cordelier, pp. 8–9; Chandernagor, ‘Maintenon’, pp. 936–7.
16 Guide Bleu: Les Antilles, pp. 284–5.
17 Le Roy Ladurie, p. 101.
18 Leroy & Loyau, Sagesse, p. 41.
19 Leroy & Loyau, Estime, p. 28.
20 Bremond, p. 150.
21 Leroy & Loyau, Sagesse, pp. 37, 125.
22 Leroy & Loyau, Sagesse, p. 38.
23 Bray, p. 245; Mesnard, pp. 193ff.
24 Geffroy, Maintenon, p. 4.
25 Some kind of consummation – ‘manage gris’ as opposed to ‘blanc’ – is a common verdict of historians: see Castelot, p. 43; Bertière, II, p. 226; Leroy & Loyau, Sagesse, p. 107.
26 Caylus (1908), pp. 62–3; Leroy & Loyau, Sagesse, p. 288; Geffroy, Maintenon, II, p. 328; Scudéry, Sapho, p. 22.
27 Saint-Simon (1967), I, pp. 94–5.
28 Castelot, p. 60 & 2 note 1.
29 Haldane, p. 42; La Rochefoucauld, p. 46.
30 Norton, First Lady, p. 3, note 1.
31 Bremond, p. 146; Milhiet, p. 15.
32 This seems the most certain link; see Demoiselles, p. 19, which mentions the Allée but refers to the great house itself as having ‘disappeared’; Petitfils, Montespan, p. 295.
33 See Bryant (2001), pp. 15–16, for ‘subtle alterations to the original communications’ and ‘invented new letters’; Leroy & Loyau, Sagesse, p. 31; Desprat, p. 437.
34 Castelot, p. 79; Petitfils, Montespan, p. 117.
35 Geffroy, Maintenon, pp. 39, 57; see Chandernagor & Poisson, passim.
CHAPTER 9 Throwing Off a Passion
1 Petitfils, Montespan, p. 123.
2 Burke, p. 23; J.-P. Landry, ‘Bourdaloue', DGS, I, p. 225.
3 Daeschler, p. 225; Bourdaloue, Preface; Saint-Simon (1967), I, p. 57, note 2.
4 Bourdaloue Sermons, p. 41; Couton, p. 123; Daeschler, pp. 284ff.
5 Wolf, p. 319.
6 Hilton, p. 139.
7 Minois, p. 303.
8 Réflexions sur la Miséricorde, no. 1, p. 17.
9 Minois, pp. 302ff.
10 Sévigné (1955), p. 97.
11 Couton, p. 141; Decker, Montespan, pp. 132–3.
12 Decker, Montespan, p. 152.
13 Beaussant, Lully, pp. 579–92.
14 Fumaroli, p. 416.
15 Caylus (1986), p. 44.
16 Visconti, p. 117.
17 Solnon, Versailles, p. 107; Kroll, p. 91.
18 Bussy-Rabutin, II, pp. 167–9.
19 Norton, Sun King, p. 90; Wolf, pp. 321ff.
20 Fumaroli, p. 425; La Rochefoucauld, p. 73; Saint-Évremond, p. 21.
21 Dangeau, I, p. 34; see Bassenne, passim.
22 Mallet-Joris, p. 272.
23 Norton, Sun King, p. 91.
24 Bertière, II, p. 217.
25 Petitfils, Vallière, p. 293; Hilton, pp. 176ff.
26 Desprat, p. 192.
27 Chandernagor & Poisson, p. 66.
28 Dangeau, I, p. 220; Bertière, II, pp. 342ff.
29 Desprat, 1674 then not until 1679; Bertière II, end of December 1679 (when Dame d'Atour); Dulong, Amoureuses, 1680; Cordelier, 1680; Hilton, c. 1680; Petitfils, Montespan, ‘doubtless in 1680, perhaps a little earlier, perhaps a little later'.
30 Geffroy, Maintenon, II, p. 527.
31 Duprat, p. 261.
32 Desprat, p. 187.
33 Sévigné (1955), p. 253.
CHAPTER 10 Madame Now
1 Sévigné (1959), p. 104.
2 See also Mongrédien (1953); Mossiker (1972).
3 Hilton, p. 187.
4 Bluche, Louis, p. 275.
5 Sévigné (1959), p. 120.
6 Hilton, p. 49.
7 Decker, Montespan, pp. 157ff.
8 Mossiker, p. 223.
9 Whittaker, pp. 104–5.
10 Saint-Simon (1967), I, p. 146; Bluche, Vie quotidienne, p. 41; Solnon, Cour, p. 360.
11 Bonneville, pp. 40ff; Vigarello, pp. 22ff; Somerset, p. 64; Saint-Simon (1967), I, p. 69; see Da Vinha, passim.
12 Somerset, pp. 287–8.
13 Bluche, Louis, p. 280.
14 Beaussant, Fully, p. 617, et seq.
15 Petitfils, Montespan, p. 246.
16 Lear, pp. 220–1; Saint-Simon (1856), I, p. 241; Brême, p. 99; Norton, First Lady, p. 75.
17 Beaussant, Lully, p. 617; Visconti, p. 155.
18 Réflexions sur la Miséricorde, no. V, p. 30.
19 Visconti, p. 155.
20 Kroll, p. 43.
21 Journal de la Santé, p. 387; Norton, First Lady, p. 77.
22 Kroll, pp. 37ff.
23 Kroll, p. 113.
24 See Liselotte Briefe, passim.
25 Spanheim, p. 45; Visconti, pp. 296–7.
26 Solnon, Versailles, pp. 119ff.
27 See Himmelfarb, pp. 307ff.
28 Chandernagor & Poisson, p. 50.
29 Aumale, p. 81.
30 Petitfils, Montespan, p. 232; Desprat, p. 212.
31 Haldane, p. 264.
32 Levron, p. 36.
33 See Solnon, Versailles, passim.
34 Saint-Simon (1967), I, p. 15, note 3.
35 Dunlop, p. 211; see Solnon, Versailles, p. 369, Annexe no. 2: ‘La Cour de Versailles'.
36 Cortequisse, pp. 153ff.
37 See Cortequisse, Annexe, pp. 165–89.
CHAPTER 11 The King's Need
1 Saint-Simon (1967), II, p. 470 & note 1; Kroll, p. 47.
2 Voltaire, p. 296.
3 Kroll, Sophie, pp. 178–9.
4 Chandernagor & Poisson, p. 50.
5 Wolf, p. 332.
6 Bouyer, p. 252; Pitts, p. 208.
7 Duchêne, Femme, p. 151; Kroll, Sophie, p. 120.
8 Kroll, p. 41.
9 Solnon, Cour, p. 190; Bottineau, p. 290.
10 Caylus (1908), pp. 154ff; Desprat, pp. 215ff.
11 Desprat, pp. 216–17.
12 Dangeau, I, p. 92.
13 The following recent writers are among those who propose October 1683: Bertière, Chandernagor, Desprat, also Sarmant, AHG, to the author; but see Bryant for January 1684.
14 Chandernagor & Poisson, p. 38; Kroll, pp. 47, 49.
15 Langlois, ‘Saint-Siège’, pp. 33–72; Bryant, ‘Maintenon', p. 33; Neveu, ‘Institut', p. 141.
16 Chandernagor & Poisson, p. 47; Aumale, p. 81.
17 See Himmelfarb, passim; Sarmant, p. 344.
18 Wolf, pp. 423–4; p. 648, note 30.
19 Dangeau, I, p. 81.
20 Recent historians accept that her role has been exaggerated; see Petitfils, Louis, p. 478, for the effect of La Baumelle's forgeries; Goubert, p. 118; Garrison, passim.
21 Kroll, p. 46; Molière, Dom Juan, Act I, scene 1; Vie des Français, p. 51.
22 Burke, p. 102; Petitfils, Louis, p. 459.
23 Leroy & Loyau, Estime, p. 38.
24 Les Petits Cahiers Secrets de Madame de Maintenon, BMV, Registre 28; Langlois, ‘Petits livres secrets', passim.
25 Leroy & Loyau, Estime, pp. 36ff.
26 Leroy & Loyau, Estime, p. 40; Leroy & Loyau, Sagesse, p. 261.
27 See Demoiselles de Saint-Cyr, passim.
28 Desprat, p. 270.
29 Leroy & Loyau, Estime, p. 39; Aumale, p. 81.
30 Milhiet, pp. 19ff; Chandernagor & Poisson, pp. 10ff.
31 Chandernagor & Poisson, pp. 33, 153.
32 Beaussant, Artiste, p. 245; Blanc, pp. 330ff.
33 Dubu, Racine, p. 117; Racine, Esther, Prologue.
34 Duchêne, Sévigné, pp. 492ff.
35 See Journal de la Santé, passim; Beaussant, Roi-Soleil, p. 50.
36 Forster, p. xxvi.
37 Bluche, Louis, pp. 468–9.
38 Wolf, pp. 443–4; Burke, p. 16.
39 Kroll, pp. 60ff.
40 Visconti, p. 151.
41 Beaussant, Roi-Soleil, p. 115.
42 Bertière, II, p. 354.
CHAPTER 12 Grandeurs of the World
1 MacCarthy, ‘A Hundred Thanks to God', p. 99.
2 Sévigné (1955), p. 313.
3 Oman, pp. 18–19.
4 Strickland, pp. 301ff; Sévigné (1959), p. 313.
5 Dangeau, III, p. 166.
6 Corp, ‘Elizabeth Hamilton'; Saint-Simon (1967), I, pp. 216–17; Dangeau IV, passim.
7 Louis, Gardens, pp. 10ff.
8 MacDonogh, p. 139; Saint-Simon (1967), III, p. 115, note 2; Dangeau, II, p. 105.
9 Dangeau, III, p. 216.
10 Evelyn, II, p. 232; Goubert, pp. 166ff.
11 Dangeau, V, p. 180, ‘Annexe sur l'Argenterie du Royaume'; pp. 261–2.
12 Bluche, Louis, p. 444, Leroy & Loyau, Estime, pp 73–5.
13 Bassenne, pp. 11ff; p. 310.
14 La Fayette, p. 159.
15 Dangeau, IV, p. 228; Kroll, p. 62.
16 Dangeau, IV, p. 230.
17 Pitts, p. 231; Bouyer, p. 231.
18 Dangeau, V, pp. 175, 198.
19 Kroll, p. 104.
20 Caylus (1986), p. 98.
21 Saint-Simon (1856), I, pp. 15–16.
22 Saint-Simon (1967), II, p. 442; Kroll, pp. 72ff.
23 Saint-Simon (1967), II, pp. 442–3.
24 Kroll, p. 40; Wolf, p. 284; Ariès, Childhood, pp. 79–80; Farmer, pp. 366ff.
25 Bluche, Vie quotidienne, pp. 65ff; Farmer, p. 366.
26 Farmer, p. 370.
27 See Maroteaux, passim; Dangeau II, pp. 90, 112; Strong, pp. 62–3; Oresko, ‘Banquets', p. 75; Kroll, p. 108.
28 Racine, Athalie, Act II, scene 2, Barthes, p. 128.
29 Dubu, pp. 121ff.
30 Neveu, ‘Institut', pp. 143ff; Pepys, IV, p. 100.
31 Kroll, pp. 64, 144 note 1, 149.
32 Melchior-Bonnet, p. 34.
33 Cornette, ‘Bossuet', p. 466.
CHAPTER 13 Becoming a Child Again
1 Melchior-Bonnet, p. 91.
2 Oresko, ‘Sabaudian Court', p. 231.
3 AST, fol. 170 (1698 nd); Saint-Simon (1967), II, p. 219.
4 Melchior-Bonnet, p. 76.
5 Norton, First Lady, pp. 15–16; Elliott, p. 50.
6 Norton, First Lady, p. 60.
7 Kroll, p. 68.
8 Forster, p. 54; Gourdin, pp. 31ff; Kroll, p. 80.
9 Carré, Bourgogne, p. 20; Melchior-Bonnet, p. 81.
10 Norton, First Lady, pp. 64–5.
11 Forster, p. 95.
12 Norton, First Lady, pp. 117–18; pp. 101ff.
13 Haussonville & Hanotaux, I, pp. 225–6.
14 Melchior-Bonnet, pp. 34ff; Saint-Simon (1967), II, pp. 53, 227.
15 Kroll, p. 74.
16 Saint-Simon (1967), I, p. 163; Forster, p. 95.
17 Maxwell, p. 46.
18 Haussonville & Hanotaux, I, p. 225; Norton, First Lady, p. 115.
19 Dubu, ‘Racine the Courtier', p. 127.
20 Bernot, p. 128; Kroll, p. 158.
21 Forster, p. 80; Bluche, Vie quotidienne, p. 71.
22 Leroy & Loyau, Sagesse, p. 137.
23 Lear, p. 525; Saint-Simon (1967), I, pp. 96–8.
24 AST, fol. 170 (1698 nd).
25 Desprat, pp. 311ff; Bryant, ‘Maintenon', pp. 8–9.
26 Desprat, p. 326; Saint-Simon (1967), II, pp. 112–14.
27 Bryant, ‘Maintenon', p. 8.
28 Haussonville & Hanoteaux, I, pp. 88, 112–14.
29 Saint-Simon (1908), XX, p. 254 & note 5; Sweetser, pp. 107–8; Leibacher-Ouvrard, passim.
30 Burke, p. 137; Duprat, pp. 294–5; Livres Défendus, FF, 21743
31 Leibacher-Ouvrard, p. 110.
32 Bluche, Louis, p. 441.
33 Desprat, p. 366.
34 Wolf, p. 509; Kroll, p. 93.
35 Saule, pp. 104–5; Forster, p. 125.
CHAPTER 14 Gaiety Begins to Go
1 AST, fol. 170 (16 Nov. 1700).
2 Norton, First Lady, p. 177.
3 Prescott-Wormeley, p. 202.
4 AST, fol. 170 (16 June 1698 & 22 Jan. 1702).
5 Erlanger, p. 244; Saint-Simon (1967), I, pp. 158ff.
6 Cruysse, pp. 411ff.
7 Le Roy Ladurie, p. 52.
8 Nordmann, p. 91; Corp, ‘Jacobite Court', pp. 245–8; Saint-Simon (1967), II, p. 316.
9 Oman, p. 195; Bryant, ‘Maintenon', pp. 85–6; Blet, p. 174 (reference courtesy of Prof. Edward Corp).
10 Add. MSS, 20, 919, fol. 275; MacCarthy, ‘A Hundred Thanks to God', p. 101; Sévigné (1955), p. 315.
11 Southorn, p. 7.
12 Wolf, p. 109; Norton, First Lady, p. 566.
13 AST, fol. 11 (31 Dec. 1708).
14 Add. MS 20918 fol. 31; Wolf, p. 524.
15 Carré, Bourgogne, pp. 162–3; Norton, First Lady, p. 116.
16 She did not cross ‘the Rubicon', Melchior-Bonnet, pp. 155, 257; Caylus (2003), pp. 128–9.
17 Caylus (2003), p. 128.
18 Niderst, p. 278.
19 AST, fol. 11 (3 May nd).
20 Marie-Adelaide, p. 29; AST, fol. 170 (14 Mar. 1707).
21 Leroy & Loyau, Sagesse, p. 65.
22 Bertière, II, p. 413; Aumale, p. 94.
23 AHG, A1 189 fol. 249.
24 Leroy & Loyau, Estime, pp. 85, 97, 94.
25 Le Roy Ladurie, pp. 107, 210; Petitfils, Montespan, pp. 262–7, 273; Hilton, p. 297; La Liborlière, p. 171.
26 Saint-Simon (1967), I, p. 337; Hilton, p. 297.
27 Kroll, p. 104; Lair, pp. 350–1.
28 Haussonville & Hanoteaux, I, pp. 106–7.
29 Leroy & Loyau, Estime, p. 58.
30 Leroy & Loyau, Estime, p. 58.
31 See Aumale, passim; Milhiet, p. 64 & note 233, p. 218 & note 260.
32 Leroy & Loyau, Estime, pp. 19–20, 66.
33 Leroy & Loyau, Estime, p. 72.
34 Saint-Simon (1967), I, p. 353.
35 Southorn, p. 7.
36 Norton, First Lady, pp. 253–4.
37 Saint-Simon (1967), I, p. 362; Norton, First Lady, p. 253.
38 Add. MSS, 20, 918 fol. 24.
39 Loyau, Ursins Correspondance, pp. 63, 67.
40 Prescott-Wormeley, p. 206.
41 Loyau, Ursins Correspondance, p. 63.
42 Marie-Adelaide, p. 16; Saint-Simon (1967), I, p. 390.
43 Melchior-Bonnet, pp. 237ff.
44 Elliott, p. 378.
45 Saint-Simon (1967), I, p. 403; AST, fol. 98 (4 Feb. 1709 & 23 Feb. 1709); Cruysse, pp. 457–8.
46 Loyau, Ursins Correspondance, p. 289; Egerton MS 23, p. 133.
47 Leroy & Loyau, Estime, p. 278.
48 Loyau, Ursins Correspondance, pp. 143ff; Leroy & Loyau, Estime, pp. 231–3.
CHAPTER 15 We Must Submit
1 Leroy & Loyau, Estime, p. 233; Saint-Simon (1967), I, pp. 440–1.
2 AST, fol. 98 (9 Dec. 1709); Add. MS 20, 919 fol. 270; Aumale, p. 185; Bryant (2001), pp. 27–8; Bluche, Louis, p. 574; see Chandernagor, ‘Maintenon', in DGS, II, pp. 936–7; Burke, pp. 137ff.
3 Burke, p. 137; Haldane, p. 224.
4 Barthélemy, I, pp. 296ff; Niderst, p. 271; Saint-Simon (1967) II, pp. 180ff.
5 Saint-Simon (1967), II, p. 65 & note; Kroll, p. 150.
6 Elliott, p. 406.
7 Saint-Simon (1967), II, p. 46.
8 Barthélemy, I, p. 41; AST, fol. 98 (23 June 1710 & 10 July 1710).
9 Saint-Simon (1967), II, pp. 332, 446ff; Le Roy Ladurie, p. 153.
10 Saint-Simon (1967), II, p. 185.
11 Madam Life's a piece in bloom Death goes dogging everywhere; She's the tenant of the room, He's the ruffian on the stair.
– W. E. Henley (1849–1903)
12 Kroll, pp. 140ff; Saint-Simon (1967), II, p. 143.
13 Saint-Simon (1967), II, p. 144.
14 Beaussant, Artiste, p. 271.
15 Kroll, p. 148.
16 Elliott, pp. 430ff.
17 Saint-Simon (1967), II, p. 297.
18 Saint-Simon (1967), II, pp. 221–2.
19 Marie-Adelaide, pp. 49–50.
20 Melchior-Bonnet, p. 266.
21 AST, fol. 98 (7 Dec. 1711); Elliott, p. 205.
22 Saint-Simon (1967), II, pp. 217– 19; III, p. 321, Elliott, pp. 440ff; Melchior-Bonnet, pp. 284ff; Norton, First Lady, pp. 366ff.
23 Kroll, pp. 155–6; Carré, Bourgogne, p. 124.
24 Saint-Simon (1967), II, p. 234.
25 Kroll, Sophie, p. 271.
26 Saint-Simon (1967), II, p. 223.
27 Carré, Bourgogne, p. 219.
28 Bluche, Vie quotidienne, p 74.
29 Melchior-Bonnet, p. 294.
30 Adelaide is not believed to be a traitor by those who have studied her in detail; she was on the contrary ‘ardent for all that concerned the honour of her husband', Geffroy, Maintenon, II, pp. 307–8; Norton, First Lady, p. 234; Prescott-Wormeley, p. 182; Elliott, p. 321.
31 Melchior-Bonnet, pp. 21, 194ff.
32 Kroll, p. 340; Voltaire, p. 340.
33 Saint-Simon (1967), II, p. 223.
CHAPTER 16 Going on a Journey
1 Cole, pp. 16–18.
2 Barthélemy, I, pp. 131ff.
3 Pevitt, p. 248; Wolf, p. 612.
4 Dangeau, III, p. 26; I, p. 35; Dupont-Logié, p. 51.
5 Dupont-Logié, pp. 41ff; Béguin, p. 24ff; Cessac & Couvreur, p. 9.
6 Gourdin, pp. 153ff.
7 Gourdin, p. 147.
8 Loyau, ‘Double Mort', p. 295.
9 Hatton, ‘Louis', p. 233.
10 For the death of Louis XIV, see Saint-Simon (1967), II, pp. 467ff; Aumale, pp. 198ff; Déon, pp. 333ff; Bluche, Louis, p. 99.
11 Leroy & Loyau, Estime, p. 254; Kroll, p. 168.
12 Aumale, pp. 198ff.
13 Saint-Évremond, p. 10.
14 See Loyau, ‘Double Mort', passim.
15 Levron, pp. 52 ff; Saint-Simon (1967), II, p. 501.
16 Sawkins, p. 3, Duprat, p. 12, see Massillon, passim.
17 Add. MSS, III, fol. 332; Anmale, pp. 205, 85.
18 Hatton, ‘Louis', p. 260; Lebrun, ‘Derniers jours', p. 50.
19 ‘Lettres adressées à Madame de Maintenon …’, G. 328 BMV.
20 See Tovar de Teresa for Justo sentimento de la Santa Iglesia, trans. Hugh Thomas.
21 Aumale, p. 86 & note 1; Leibacher-Ouvrard, p. 122; Langlois, ‘Petits livres secrets', p. 367.
22 Milhiet, pp. 85ff.
23 Add. MSS, III, fol. 332; Saint-Simon (1967), III, p. 108; Kroll, pp. 150–1; Chandernagor & Poisson, p. 52.
24 Haldane, p. 268; Kroll, p. 187.
25 Ó Neachtain, trans. Niall Mackenzie; for Irish see Ó Neachtain pp. 20–4.
26 Aumale, p. 234; Kroll, p. 245.
27 Gourdin, p. 337; Cessac & Couvreur, p. 10; Mortier, pp. 15, 20; Dupont-Logié, p. 201.
CHAPTER 17 Never Forget
1 Cornette, ‘Bossuet', p. 467; Bussy-Rabutin, Histoire amoureuse, II, p. 49.
2 Doscot, p. 26; Combescot, p. 420.
3 Flaubert, p. 199, trans. Wall.
4 Racine, Bajazet, 2nd Preface, trans. Hollingshurst.
5 Saint-Simon (1967), I, p. 32; Erlanger, p. 53; Lear, p. 75.
6 Racine, Athalie, Act V, scene 8.
7 Backer, p. 16.
8 Hedley, p. 120.
9 Kroll, p. 102.