For anyone researching a book attempting to cover Daniel Ellsberg, the Pentagon Papers, the Vietnam War, and Watergate, there is a nearly endless supply of sources to read, to watch, and to listen to. Adding to the wealth of published material is the fact that many of the participants are still alive. I was extremely fortunate to have the opportunity to speak several times with Daniel Ellsberg, as well as with Patricia Ellsberg and other key figures. Below are the sources used for the quotations, stories, and facts used in this book. Many of the sources—most tantalizingly the Johnson and Nixon White House recordings—are available to anyone online.
Books and Magazines
Alvarez, Everett, Jr. and Anthony S. Pitch. Chained Eagle: The True Heroic Story of Eight and One Half Years as a POW by the First American Shot down over North Vietnam. New York: Donald I. Fine, Inc., 1989.
Ambrose, Stephen E. Nixon: The Triumph of a Politician, 1962–1972. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1989.
Appy, Christian G. Patriots: The Vietnam War Remembered from All Sides. New York: Viking, 2003.
Arnold, Martin. “Daniel Ellsberg at the Trial of Anthony J. Russo.” Esquire, January 1974.
Bagdikian, Ben H. Double Vision: Reflections on My Heritage, Life, and Profession. Boston: Beacon Press, 1995.
Bamford, James. “The Most Wanted Man in the World.” Wired, August 2014.
Bates, Milton J., ed. Reporting Vietnam: American Journalism 1959–1975. New York: Library of America, 1998.
Berman, Larry. No Peace, No Honor: Nixon, Kissinger, and Betrayal in Vietnam. New York: The Free Press, 2001.
Beschloss, Michael. Reaching for Glory: Lyndon Johnson’s Secret White House Tapes, 1964–1965. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001.
Beschloss, Michael. Taking Charge: The Johnson White House Tapes, 1963–1964. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1997.
Caputo, Philip. A Rumor of War. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1977.
Caputo, Philip. 10,000 Days of Thunder: A History of the Vietnam War. New York: Atheneum Books for Young Readers, 2005.
Caputo, Philip. 13 Seconds: A Look Back at the Kent State Shootings. New York: Chamberlain Bros., 2005.
Cassidy, John. “Why Edward Snowden Is a Hero.” The New Yorker, June 10, 2013.
Chanoff, David and Doan Van Toai. Vietnam: A Portrait of Its People at War. London: I. B. Tauris & Co., 2009.
Chennault, Anna. The Education of Anna. New York: Times Books, 1980.
Cooper, Charles. Cheers and Tears: A Marine’s Story of Combat in Peace and War. Reno, NV: Wesley Press, 2006.
Dallek, Robert. Flawed Giant: Lyndon Johnson and His Times, 1961–1973. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998.
Dallek, Robert. Lyndon B. Johnson: Portrait of a President. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004.
Dallek, Robert. Nixon and Kissinger: Partners in Power. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 2007.
Doyle, Edward, Samuel Lipsman, and the editors of Boston Publishing Company. The Vietnam Experience: Setting the Stage. Boston: Boston Publishing Company, 1981.
Duiker, William J. Ho Chi Mihn. New York: Hyperion, 2000.
Edmondson, Madeleine and Alden Duer Cohen. The Women of Watergate. New York: Stein and Day, 1975.
Ehrlichman, John. Witness to Power: The Nixon Years. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1982.
Ellsberg, Daniel. Papers on the War. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1972.
Ellsberg, Daniel. Risk, Ambiguity, and Decision. Ph.D. thesis, 1961.
Ellsberg, Daniel. Secrets: A Memoir of Vietnam and the Pentagon Papers. New York: Viking, 2002.
Esper, George and the Associated Press. The Eyewitness History of the Vietnam War, 1961–1975. New York: Ballantine Books, 1983.
Fall, Bernard, B., ed. Ho Chi Minh: On Revolution: Selected Writings, 1920–1966. New York: Frederick A. Praeger Publishers, 1967.
Foley, Michael S. Confronting the War Machine. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2003.
Frankel, Max. The Times of My Life and My Life with The Times. New York: Random House, 1999.
Gibbons, William. The U.S. Government and the Vietnam War, Vol. 2. Prepared for the U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations by the Congressional Research Service. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1985.
Gilbert, Marc Jason and William Head. The Tet Offensive. Westport, CT: Praeger, 1996.
Goodale, James C. Fighting for the Press: The Inside Story of the Pentagon Papers and Other Battles. New York: CUNY Journalism Press, 2013.
Goulden, Joseph C. Truth Is the First Casualty: The Gulf of Tonkin Affair—Illusion and Reality. Chicago: Rand McNally & Company, 1969.
Halberstam, David. The Best and the Brightest. New York: Ballantine Books, 1969.
Haldeman, H. R. The Ends of Power. New York: Times Books, 1978.
Haldeman, H. R. The Haldeman Diaries: Inside the Nixon White House. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1994.
Harding, Luke. The Snowden Files: The Inside Story of the World’s Most Wanted Man. New York: Vintage Books, 2014.
Hendrickson, Paul. The Living and the Dead: Robert McNamara and Five Lives of a Lost War. New York: Vintage Books, 1997.
Herring, George C., ed. The Pentagon Papers: Abridged Version. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1993.
Hersh, Seymour M. The Price of Power: Kissinger in the Nixon White House. New York: Summit Books, 1983.
Hunt, Howard E. Undercover: Memoirs of an American Secret Agent. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1974.
Hunt, Michael H. Lyndon Johnson’s War: America’s Cold War Crusade in Vietnam, 1945–1968. New York: Hill and Wang, 1996.
Isaacson, Walter. Kissinger: A Biography. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1992.
Johnson, Claudia T. Lady Bird Johnson, A White House Diary. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1970.
Johnson, Lyndon Baines. The Vantage Point: Perspectives on the Presidency, 1963–1969. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1971.
Kahin, George. Intervention: How America Became Involved in Vietnam. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1986.
Karnow, Stanley. Vietnam: A History. New York: Penguin Books, 1983.
Kearns, Doris. Lyndon Johnson & the American Dream. New York: Harper & Row Publishers, 1976.
Kesby, Rebecca. “North Vietnam, 1972: The Christmas Bombing of Hanoi.” BBC News magazine, December 14, 2012.
Kissinger, Henry. Ending the Vietnam War. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2003.
Krogh, Egil. “Bud, with Matthew Krogh.” Integrity: Good People, Bad Choices and Life Lessons from the White House. New York: Public Affairs, 2007.
Kutler, Stanley. I., ed. Abuse of Power: The New Nixon Tapes. New York: The Free Press, 1997.
Liddy, G. Gordon. Will: The Autobiography of G. Gordon Liddy. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1980.
Logevall, Fredrik. Choosing War: The Lost Chance for Peace and the Escalation of War in Vietnam. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999.
McCain, John, with Mark Salter. Faith of My Fathers: A Family Memoir. New York: Random House, 1999.
McGinniss, Joe. “The Ordeal of Daniel Ellsberg.” Playboy, October, 1972.
McMaster, H. R. Dereliction of Duty: Lyndon Johnson, Robert McNamara, the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the Lies that Led to Vietnam. New York: HarperCollins, 1997.
Mann, Robert. A Grand Delusion: America’s Descent into Vietnam. New York: Basic Books, 2001.
Moise, Edwin E. Tonkin Gulf and the Escalation of the Vietnam War. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1996.
Moran, Jordan. “The First Domino: Nixon and the Pentagon Papers.” Presidential Recordings Program, Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia.
Moskin, Robert. “Ellsberg Talks.” Look, October 5, 1971, 31–42.
Nixon, Richard M. RN: the Memoirs of Richard Nixon. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1978.
Oberdorfer, Dan. Tet: The Story of a Battle and Its Historic Aftermath. Garden City, NY: Doubleday & Company, 1971.
Patti, Archimedes L. A. Why Viet Nam? Prelude to America’s Albatross. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1980.
Perry, Mark. Four Stars. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1989.
Prados, John. The White House Tapes: Eavesdropping on the President. New York: The New Press, 2003.
Prados, John and Margaret Pratt Porter, eds. Inside the Pentagon Papers. Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 2004.
Reeves, Richard. President Nixon: Alone in the White House. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001.
Reporting Vietnam: American Journalism, 1959–1975. Introduction by Ward Just. New York: The Library of America, 1998.
Risner, Robinson. The Passing of the Night: My Seven Years as a Prisoner of the North Vietnamese. New York: Random House, 1973.
“Robert S. McNamara, Architect of a Futile War, Dies at 93,” New York Times, July 6, 2009.
Rudenstine, David. The Day the Presses Stopped: A History of the Pentagon Papers Case. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1996.
Russo, Anthony. “Inside the RAND Corporation and Out: My Story.” Ramparts, April 1972, 45–55.
Salisbury, Harrison E. Behind the Lines-Hanoi: December 23, 1966–January 7, 1967. New York: Harper & Row Publishers, 1967.
Salisbury, Harrison E. Without Fear or Favor: The New York Times and Its Times. New York: Times Books, 1980.
Schell, Jonathan. The Military Half: An Account of Destruction in Quang Ngai and Quang Tin. New York: Vintage Books, 1968.
Schrag, Peter. Test of Loyalty: Daniel Ellsberg and the Rituals of Secret Government. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1974.
Sheehan, Neil. A Bright Shining Lie: John Paul Vann and America in Vietnam. New York: Random House, 1988.
Sheehan, Neil, Hedrick Smith, E. W. Kenworthy, and Fox Butterfield. The Pentagon Papers: The Secret History of the Vietnam War as Published by the New York Times. New York: Bantam Books, 1971.
Stockdale, Jim and Sybil. In Love and War: The Story of a Family’s Ordeal and Sacrifice during the Vietnam Years. New York: Harper & Row Publishers, 1984.
Summers, Anthony. The Arrogance of Power: The Secret World of Richard Nixon. New York: Viking, 2000.
“The Suspect: A Hawk Who Turned Dove,” Newsweek, June 28, 1971.
Taylor, David. “The Lyndon Johnson Tapes: Richard Nixon’s ‘Treason.’” BBC News magazine, March 22, 2013.
Toobin, Jeffrey. “Edward Snowden Is No Hero,” The New Yorker, June 10, 2013.
Turner, Karen Gottschang with Phan Thanh Hao. Even the Women Must Fight: Memories of War from North Vietnam. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1998.
Ungar, Sanford. The Papers and the Papers: An Account of the Legal and Political Battle over the Pentagon Papers. New York: Columbia University Press, 1972.
Weisberg Stuart E. Barney Frank: The Story of America’s Only Left-handed, Gay, Jewish Congressman. Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts Press, 2009.
Wells, Tom. The War Within: America’s Battle over Vietnam. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994.
Wells, Tom. Wild Man: The Life and Times of Daniel Ellsberg. New York: Palgrave, 2001.
Wenner, Jann. The Rolling Stone Interview: Dan Ellsberg. San Francisco, CA: Rolling Stone, 1973.
Westmoreland, General William C. A Soldier Reports. Garden City, NY: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1976.
Willbanks, James H. The Tet Offensive: A Concise History. New York: Columbia University Press, 2007.
Woods, Randall B. LBJ: Architect of American Ambition. New York: The Free Press, 2006.
Zinn, Howard. A People’s History of the United States, 1492–Present, 25th Anniversary Edition. New York: HarperCollins, 1999.
Newspapers
“2 Defendants Say Trial Told ‘Painful Truth,’” New York Times, May 13, 1973.
“3 Top Nixon Aides, Kleindienst Out; President Accepts Full Responsibility,” Washington Post, May 1, 1973.
“After the Pentagon Papers: A Month in the New Life of Daniel Ellsberg,” New York Times, December 12, 1971.
“Air of Expectancy, Then Tears, Shouts, Embraces,” New York Times, May 12, 1973.
“And One Copy for Ellsberg,” Washington Post, September 28, 1971.
“Berrigan, Baez, Ellsberg Speak,” Los Angeles Times, January 8, 1973.
“Champagne Party: ‘I’m So Happy for You,’ Juror Tells Ellsberg,” Los Angeles Times, May 13, 1973.
“Court Step Likely,” New York Times, June 15, 1971.
“Cuban Says He and Two Others Broke into Psychiatrist’s Office,” New York Times, May 10, 1973.
“Daniel Ellsberg of M.I.T. Marries Patricia Marx,” New York Times, August 9, 1971.
“Daniel Ellsberg’s Closest Friend: His Wife, Patricia,” New York Times, August 30, 1972.
“Daniel Ellsberg’s Talk with Walter Cronkite,” Boston Globe, June 24, 1971.
“Defense Opens Its Case at the Pentagon Papers Trial,” New York Times, February 28, 1973.
“Defense Secretary, Architect of U.S. Involvement in Vietnam Robert McNamara Dies,” Washington Post, July 7, 2009.
“Edward Snowden, NSA Files Source: ‘If They Want to Get You, in Time They Will,” The Guardian, June 9, 2013.
“Edward Snowden: The Whistleblower behind the NSA Surveillance Revelations,” The Guardian, June 9, 2013.
“Ehrlichman Tied to Ellsberg Case,” New York Times, May 2, 1973.
“Ellsberg Admits Leak, Freed on Bond,” Boston Globe, June 29, 1971.
“Ellsberg Begins Testimony in L.A. Pentagon Papers Trial,” Los Angeles Times, April 11, 1973.
“Ellsberg Case: Defendants Freed, Government Convicted,” New York Times, May 13, 1973.
“Ellsberg Case Dismissed,” Los Angeles Times, May 11, 1973.
“Ellsberg Denies Charges,” New York Times, December 31, 1971.
“Ellsberg Denies Guilt, Will Fight,” New York Times, August 17, 1971.
“Ellsberg Enters Plea of Innocent,” Boston Globe, August 17, 1971.
“Ellsberg First Person to Face Trial for News Leak,” Boston Globe, June 29, 1971.
“Ellsberg Found a Mood ‘Almost of Conspiracy’ in Government,” Boston Globe, June 20, 1971.
“Ellsberg: From Hawk to Dove,” New York Times, June 27, 1971.
“Ellsberg: How He Prepped to Go Public,” Boston Globe, July 4, 1971.
“Ellsberg Judge Dismisses Counts,” Washington Post, May 12, 1973.
“Ellsberg Jury Completed in Dramatic Court Scene,” New York Times, January 13, 1973.
“Ellsberg Says War Papers Taught Him: Distrust Authority,” Boston Globe, October 14, 1971.
“Ellsberg Talks with Cavett,” Boston Globe, July 22, 1971.
“Ellsberg Tells of Shift in Views,” New York Times, April 12, 1973.
“Ellsberg Tells Why His Views Changed,” Los Angeles Times, April 12, 1973.
“Ellsberg: The Case for the Defense,” New York Times, April 15, 1973.
“Ellsberg Trial, All Its Ironies Intact, Grinds Toward a Beginning,” Boston Globe, June 11, 1972.
“Ex-Pentagon Aide Phones Message,” New York Times, June 19, 1971.
“Ex-POWs Start the Transition,” Los Angeles Times, February 19, 1973.
“FBI Hunting Ellsberg Clues,” Boston Globe, July 25, 1971.
“FBI Report of Ellsberg Bugging Disrupts Trial,” Los Angeles Times, May 10, 1973.
“Gravel Read, Stopped, Dried His Tears,” Washington Star, July 1, 1971.
“How Laura Poitras Helped Snowden Spill His Secrets,” New York Times Magazine, August 13, 2013.
“Judge in Pentagon Papers Trial,” New York Times, January 17, 1973.
“Judge Rules Ellsberg Trial Must Continue,” Los Angeles Times, May 1, 1973.
“Kin Identify U.S. Pilot in N. Viet Nam Film,” Boston Globe, November 12, 1964.
“Krogh Quits, Claims Guilt in Burglary of Ellsberg’s Doctor,” Los Angeles Times, May 9, 1973.
“Last Two Guilty in Watergate Plot,” Washington Post, January 31, 1973.
“New Trial Barred,” New York Times, May 12, 1973.
“NSA Leaker Snowden Made the Right Call,” Washington Post, July 7, 2013.
“Only Few Memorable Moments Enliven Pattern of Tedium at the Ellsberg Trial,” New York Times, February 20, 1973.
“Secret Papers Figure Feted by U.S. Workers,” Washington Post, September 24, 1971.
“Senators in Shouting Match over Ellsberg Testimony,” Washington Post, May 17, 1973.
“Supreme Court, 6–3, Upholds Newspapers on Publication of Pentagon Report,” New York Times, July 1, 1971.
“The Busy Life of Daniel Ellsberg,” Boston Globe, December 19, 1971.
“The Case for the Prosecution,” New York Times, February 25, 1973.
“The Plumbers,” New York Times, July 22, 1973.
“The World of the Ellsberg Trial,” New York Times, February 5, 1973.
“This Was the Right Way to End It, Ellsberg Says,” Washington Post, May 12, 1973.
“Trial Will Go On,” New York Times, April 12, 1973.
“Tricia Nixon Takes Vows in Garden at White House,” New York Times, June 13, 1971.
“U.S. Sees Ellsberg Issue as Simple Case of Theft,” New York Times, January 18, 1973.
“Vietnam Archive: Study Tells How Johnson Secretly Opened Way to Ground War,” New York Times, June 15, 1971.
Websites, Films, Recordings, and Other Sources
“Conversations with History: Daniel Ellsberg.” University of California Television. University of California Television (UCTV).
Hearts and Minds, documentary film by Peter Davis, 1974.
Hughes, Ken. “A Rough Guide to Richard Nixon’s Conspiracy Theories,” Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Online exhibit at millercenter.org/presidentialclassroom/exhibits/a-rough-guide-to-richard-nixons-conspiracy-theories
Hughes, Ken. “Nixon’s Biggest Crime Was Far, Far Worse than Watergate.” Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia, online article, June 18, 2012. millercenter.org/ridingthetiger/nixons-biggest-crime
Lyndon Johnson Recordings: LBJ Presidential Library: www.lbjlib.utexas.edu/johnson/archives.hom/dictabelt.hom/content.asp
Miller Center at the University of Virginia: millercenter.org/scripps/archive/presidentialrecordings/johnson
“Neil Sheehan Interview,” Conversations with History, Institute of International Studies. University of California, Berkeley, 1996.
Neil Sheehan Interview: Academy of Achievement online video: www.achievement.org/autodoc/page/she1int-1
Neil Sheehan Papers. Library of Congress, Boxes 27, 57, 63–66, 121.
Our Nixon, CNN Flims, documentary film by Brian Frye and Penny Lane, 2013.
Richard Nixon Recordings: Nixon Presidential Library and Museum: www.nixonlibrary.gov/forresearchers/find/tapes/index.php
The website nixontapes.org: nixontapes.org/index.html
Patricia Marx Interviews. WNYC archives. Online at www.wnyc.org/series/archives-and-preservation/
Pentagon Papers. Complete copy of documents online at: www.archives.gov/research/pentagon-papers/
Pentagon Papers. Related documents and recordings: The National Security Archive. The George Washington University, Washington, D.C.: www2.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB48/
Pentagon Papers. Trial documents are online at the Famous Trials exhibit. University of Missouri, Kansas City: law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/ellsberg/ellsberghome.html
“Pentagon Papers Leaker Daniel Ellsberg Praises Snowden, Manning,” NPR News, August 3, 2013.
The Most Dangerous Man in America: Daniel Ellsberg and the Pentagon Papers, documentary film by Judith Ehrlich and Rick Goldsmith, 2009.
Author Interviews
Daniel Ellsberg: many email and phone conversations, August 2013–October 2014.
Patricia Ellsberg: September 30 and October 14, 2014.
Robert Ellsberg: September 23, 2014.
Randy Kehler: August 7, 2014.