Abbreviations used in the Notes
AMP = Anne Mahon Papers
ARCF = Angus and Robertson correspondence files for KSP
ASIO-KSP = Katharine Susannah Prichard ASIO files
CHC = Campbell Howard Collection
CLF = KSP file, Commonwealth Literary Fund
CotH = KSP, Child of the Hurricane DN = Daily News (Perth)
DS = Doon Stone
GB = Guido Baracchi
GBP = Guido Baracchi Papers
HDBP = Henrietta Drake-Brockman Papers
HDB = Henrietta Drake-Brockman
HM = Hugh McCrae
HT = Hugo Throssell
HTRC = Hugo Throssell file, Repatriation Commission
HTS = Scrapbook kept by HVH Throssell
JWP = Joan Williams Papers
KSPP = Katharine Susannah Prichard Papers
KWC = Katharine Susannah Prichard Foundation archives
KSP = Katharine Susannah Prichard
MA = Mikhail Apletin
MFP = McCrae Family Papers
MFS = RT, My Father’s Son
NAA = National Archives of Australia, Canberra
NLA = National Library of Australia, Canberra
NP = Nettie Palmer
OK = Oksana Krugerskaya
PP = Nettie and Vance Palmer Papers
PROV = Public Records Office of Victoria, Melbourne
RT = Ric Throssell
RTP = Ric Throssell Papers
SLNSW = State Library New South Wales, Sydney
SLV = State Library Victoria, Melbourne
SLWA = State Library of Western Australia, Perth
SMH = Sydney Morning Herald
ST = Sunday Times (Perth)
THPP = Thomas Henry Prichard Papers
USW = Katharine Susannah Prichard, [letters to Union of Soviet Writers Foreign Commission], Papers, 1935–1969
VP = Vance Palmer
WA = West Australian
WSP = Winifred [Doon] Stone Papers
WT = Weekly Times
WW = RT, Wild Weeds and Windflowers
Preface
1Williams, ‘KSP (Interview)’.
2Workers Star, 22 October 1937, p. 5.
3See, for example, Dixon, ‘Australian’, pp. 234–41.
4Louis Esson, review of Working Bullocks by KSP, The Bulletin, 31 March 1927, sec. The Red Page, p. 2.
5Australian Women’s Mirror, 28 April 1931, pp. 11, 59.
6Her minor novels, Windlestraws (1916) and Subtle Flame (1967), also have urban settings—London and Melbourne respectively.
7‘Some Perceptions’, p. 236.
8As one measure of its place in the curriculum, Noel Donnan’s ‘Brodie’s Notes’ volume on Coonardoo, aimed at secondary school students, appeared in 1981.
9Corbould, ‘Rereading’; Shoemaker, Black, pp. 39–62; Leane, ‘Whiteman’s’, pp.48– 75; Behrendt, Finding, pp. 82–99.
10Smith, ‘Different’; Phillips, ‘Novelist’; Barrera, ‘KSP’; Carter and Osborne, Australian; Hughes-d’Aeth, ‘Cooper’.
11‘KSP’, p. 17.
12KSP to Beatrice Davis, 21 September 1961, KSPP, MS6201/10/17.
13Morrison, ‘Leaving’.
14‘Excess’, pp. 28, 29.
15RT to Stephen Murray Smith, 19 July 1970, RTP, MS8071/91.
16WW, p. xii.
17KSP, p. 5.
18Edmond, ‘Double’, pp. 318–19.
1. Origins
1‘Presentation to Mr T. H. Prichard’, newspaper clipping, THPP.
2Tom’s moderate approach to religion is clearest in his novel, which condemns inflexible Puritanism built on ‘the narrow ragged creed of Knox and Calvin’. Retaliation, p. 5.
3Prichard, Australian, 1902.
4KSP to HL White, 27 September 1969, KSPP, MS6201/10/23.
5Victoria, Australia, Assisted and Unassisted Passenger Lists, 1839–1923 [database], www.ancestry.com.au (viewed July 2015).
6CotH, p. 16.
7ibid., pp. 15–16.
8Australian News for Home Readers, 20 April 1867, p. 16; Argus, 23 August 1867, p. 4.
9Argus, 31 January 1903, p. 16. The Australian Dictionary of Biography entry for Frederick states he was ‘educated at Ararat, where the family settled’. Reviewing Tom’s novel in 1893, a newspaper from the town noted Tom was ‘remembered as for some years resident at Ararat’. Ferral, ‘Prichard’; ‘Retaliation Reviews’, newspaper clippings, THPP.
10Cyclopedia of Tasmania, p. 81; Brighton Southern Cross, 13 July 1907, p. 6; Victoria Police Gazette, 23 November 1865, p. 1.
11‘Prize Poetry’, newspaper clipping, THPP.
12Ballarat Star, 10 May 1869, p. 2.
13Young, Adventurous, pp. 21, 163–214.
14‘Homeward Bound: A Christmas Reminiscence’, Red Funnel, 1 June 1908, p. 553.
15SMH, 16 March 1872, p. 7; Cyclopedia of Tasmania, p. 81.
16CotH, p. 19.
17KSPP, MS6201/1/5.
18KSPP, MS6201/1/4.
19Argus, 29 January 1883, p. 1.
20CotH, p. 24.
21ibid., p. 69.
22ibid., p. 1.
23Argus, 8 March 1884, p. 13.
24CotH, p. 5.
25Britton, Lolóma, p. 54.
26Australian Worker, 31 August 1916, p. 11.
27Argus, 27 March 1872, p. 4.
28Wild, p. 6.
29MFS, p. 309.
30KSPP, MS6201/1/5.
31CotH, p. 6.
32ibid.
33SMH, 15 June 1885, p. 6.
34CotH, p. 8.
35Leader, 20 August 1898, p. 32.
36Burley, ‘Levuka’, p. 246.
37Fiji Times, 6 March 1886, p. 2 [microfilm].
38Argus, 20 March 1886, p. 20.
39Leader, 20 August 1898, p. 32.
40Fiji Times, 6 January 1887, p. 2 [microfilm].
41SMH, 19 September 1887, p. 7.
42Australasian, 29 October 1887, p. 28.
2. ‘The Memory of a Storm’
1Wild, pp. 1, 214–15.
2CotH, p. 21.
3Wild, p. 13.
4CotH, p. 25.
5ibid., p. 24.
6ibid., p. 48.
7Tasmanian News, 5 May 1888, p. 2.
8Cyclopedia of Tasmania, p. 81.
9Colonist, 27 April 1889, p. 23.
10CotH, p. 31. KSP’s account of the newspaper changing owners and direction may be confused with the time Tom lost his job on the Launceston Daily Telegraph in late 1894. The Sun does not seem to have actually changed hands until 1897 and nor did it change focus in 1892. The proprietor was Critchley Parker, who rehired Tom in 1896 to edit another newspaper. Holroyd, ‘Parker’.
11Wild, p. 212.
12ibid., p. 9.
13Bernie Raselala, message to author, 5 June 2015.
14Ferrall, ‘Prichard’.
15CotH, p. 41; Launceston Examiner, 2 February 1895, p. 8.
16Wild, p. 14.
17ibid., p. 22.
18Daily Telegraph, 18 November 1893, p. 5.
19Wild, p. 136.
20ibid., p. 145.
21Daily Telegraph, 28 August 1893, p. 3.
22‘Tasmanian Memories’, KSPP, MS6201/7/5.
23The book itself is undated. Library catalogues list its date as 1891, but reviews and advertisements occur in May and June 1893.
24CotH, pp. 29–30.
25Daily Telegraph, 23 December 1893, p. 6.
26Daily Telegraph, 13 August 1894, p. 2.
27CotH, p. 106.
28Clipper, 12 January 1895, p. 5.
29Launceston Examiner, 2 February 1895, p. 8.
30Why, pp. 3–4.
31Daily Telegraph, 8 March 1895, p. 2.
3. ‘Enthusiasms and Ambitions’
1CotH, p. 40.
2ibid.
3ibid., p. 43.
4ibid.
5Victorian Municipal Directory, pp. 372–3.
6Why, p. 4.
7CotH, p. 67.
8ibid., p. 41.
9ibid., p. 51.
10Clerehan, Scully, and White, Armadale, p. 7.
11Education Department correspondence files, 16 October 1896, PROV.
12CotH, p. 52.
13Katharine claimed that this story appeared in the Sun, but she may be confused with the 1899 story. ‘Tasmanian Memories’, typescript, 19 October 1945, KSPP, MS6201/7/5.
14Sun (Melbourne), 7 April 1899, p. 14 [microfilm].
15CotH, p. 42.
16CotH, p. 53. The professor’s name was FS Delmer, according to a 1915 interview with KSP. Book Lover, 1 December 1915, p. 1.
17Burchill, ‘Early’, p. 90.
18CotH, p. 42.
19Ferrier, As Good, p. 26.
20Argus, 1 January 1901, p. 5.
21CotH, pp. 56–8; Argus, 8 November 1902, p. 17.
22Pioneers, 1915, p. 320.
23CotH, p. 58.
24ibid., p. 63.
25Hilda Esson to KSP, 4 April 1952, KSPP, MS6201/10/7.
26CotH, p. 63.
27KSPP, MS6201/8/8, pp. 88-9
28CotH, p. 63.
29ibid., p. 26.
30ibid., p. 62.
31ibid., p. 61.
32ibid., p. 62.
33ibid.
34Working, p. 275.
35CotH, p. 107.
36Why, p. 5.
37Pawsey, ‘O’Hara’.
38Pawsey, ‘Poet’, pp. 100–1.
39CotH, p. 61.
40Record, 23 August 1902, p. 3.
41KSPP, MS6201/13/1.
42CotH, p. 60.
43ibid., p. 57.
44Record, 20 December 1902, p. 4.
45CotH, pp. 60–1.
46ibid., p. 63.
47DN, 25 September 1902, p. 1.
48Wild, p. 61.
49CotH, p. 104.
50ibid., p. 66.
51ibid.
4. Governess
1CotH, p. 69.
2‘Bush’, p. 497.
3CotH, p. 69.
4Amies, ‘Victorian’.
5Matthew, ‘Life’.
6CotH, p. 69.
7ibid., p. 70.
8ibid., pp. 70–1.
9ibid.
10Teacher registrations, PROV, registration no. 5711.
11CotH, p. 76.
12ibid.
13Australasian, 26 November 1904, p. 38.
14Prahran Telegraph, 1 April 1899, p. 3.
15CotH, p. 77.
16Age, 25 November 1904, p. 5.
17Gippsland Standard, 23 November 1904, p. 2 [microfilm].
18Argus, 5 February 1946, p. 10.
19Gippsland Standard, 23 November 1904, p. 2 [microfilm].
20Hurricane, p. 78; Teacher registrations, PROV, registration no. 5711.
21Argus, 5 February 1946, p. 10.
22‘Some Perceptions’, p. 236.
23‘Diana’, p. 271.
24ibid., p. 257.
25KSPP, MS6201/10/1.
26Examiner, March 30, 1915, p. 4.
27Gippsland Standard, 22 June 1904, p. 2 [microfilm].
28Pioneers, 1915, p. 316.
29‘Notes on Southerly’, KSPP, MS6201/10/8.
30Webster, ‘McMillan’.
31Glowrey, ‘McMillan’.
32Adams, From, pp. 26–7.
33Pioneers, 1915, pp. 188–9.
34ibid., p. 274.
35‘Some Perceptions’, p. 237.
36Pioneers, 1915, p. 320.
5. Outback
1KSPP, MS6201/1/5. ‘O’Mimosa’ may refer to the songs of the character Mimosa San in the popular Hall, Greenbank and Jones musical comedy The Geisha, Story of a Tea House (1896).
2Depasquale and Crabb, Tarella, p. 40.
3KSPP, MS6201/1/6.
4CotH, p. 79.
5ibid.
6ibid.
7Barrier Miner, 9 June 1906, p. 5.
8CotH, p. 80.
9Barrier Miner, 18 July 1891, p. 2.
10Barrier Miner, 16 July 1902, p. 2; Wagga Wagga Advertiser, 9 August 1902, p. 4.
11CotH, p. 80.
12Katharine built on her experience of station life at Tarella with a research trip in 1926 to Turee Station in WA’s north-west, the direct model for the station in Coonardoo.
13CotH, p. 81.
14Depasquale and Crabb, Tarella, p. 9.
15CotH, pp. 82–3.
16‘City Girl III’, p. 48.
17CotH, pp. 84–5.
18ibid., p. 85.
19WW, p. 15.
20CotH, p. 83.
21ibid., pp. 85–6.
6. Heavy Rocks, Icy Winds
1CotH, pp. 96–7. Katharine identified the school only as ‘Christchurch Grammar’, but Cyril Cook’s earlier thesis named it as ‘St Kilda Christ Church Grammar’. It was probably the South Yarra school begun in 1898 and still running today, but there was another short-lived school of the same name in Hawthorn at this time and a girls’ school called ‘Christ Church College’ at St Kilda. In June 1906, Katharine was one of many private tutors to register as a teacher under new regulations. She did not list her experience teaching at Christ Church, so it’s possible her position did not start until the second half of 1906 or even 1907. Cook, ‘Critical’, p. 26.
2CotH, p. 97.
3ibid., p. 69.
4Walter Murdoch to KSP, 29 December 1954, KSPP, MS6201/10/5.
5Maitland Daily Mercury, 7 May 1906, p. 4; Ovens and Murray Advertiser, 5 May 1906, p. 2.
6WW, p. 16.
7‘Statement by KSP’, typescript, 12 October 1946, SLNSW, A2763.
8CotH, pp. 100–1.
9Herald (Adelaide), 28 March 1908, p. 9.
10CotH, p. 101.
11Why, p. 5.
12Cook, ‘Critical’, p. 25.
13CotH, p. 31.
14CotH typescript, KSPP, MS6201/8/1, p. 41.
15Australian, 1902, p. 11.
16ibid., p. 15.
17CotH, pp. 103–4.
18‘Toorak House Asylum Records’, PR7485/1, PROV.
19CotH, p. 88.
20Victoria, Index to Outward Passengers 1852–1923 [database], www.ancestry.com.au (viewed January 2016).
21CotH, p. 90.
22Ovens and Murray Advertiser, 29 December 1906, p. 3.
23Brighton Southern Cross, 27 April 1907, p. 4.
24CotH, p. 102.
25ibid., p. 107.
26ibid.
27ibid., p. 106.
28‘Proceedings of an Inquest Held upon the Body of Tom Henry Prichard, Caulfield’, PROV, VPRS 24, unit 818, item 1907/776.
29ibid.
30ibid.
31ibid.
32ibid.
33Brighton Southern Cross, 13 July 1907, p. 6.
7. The Preux Chevalier
1CotH, p. 107.
2Black, 1921, p. 244.
3ibid., p. 76.
4CotH, p. 93.
5ibid.
6ibid., p. 94.
7Defined as ‘a deceitful rake’ by the Oxford English Dictionary, ‘gay deceiver’ was a common phrase in newspaper stories at the time.
8CotH, pp. 94–5.
9ibid., p. 99.
10CotH typescript, KSPP, MS6201/8/8, p. 5.
11McCallum, ‘Child’, p. 20; Hay, ‘Betrayed’, p. 100.
12St George Call, 28 October 1905, p. 7.
13Evening Journal, 16 June 1906, p. 2.
14KSP to Beatrice Davis, 13 May 1962, KSPP, MS6201/10/9.
15Free Lance, 30 April 1896, p. 3.
16Langmore, ‘Reay’.
17Ballarat Star, 5 April 1911, p. 6.
18One piece of evidence which doesn’t completely fit is that Ric Throssell says the Preux Chevalier had three daughters, but he may have had the wrong information from Katharine or realised that mentioning five daughters would be distinctive enough to identify him. WW, p. 21.
19Herald, 12 November 1929, p. 7.
20CotH, p. 94.
21Langmore, ‘Reay’.
22John Lack, ‘National Anti-Sweating League’, The Encyclopedia of Melbourne Online, 2008, www.emelbourne.net.au/biogs/EM01042b.htm (viewed June 2021).
23Langmore, ‘Reay’.
24Elizabeth Willis, ‘Australian Natives’ Association’, The Encyclopedia of Melbourne Online, 2008, www.emelbourne.net.au/biogs/EM00126b.htm (viewed June 2021).
25MFS, p. 62.
26Langmore, ‘Reay’.
27WW draft, RTP, MS8071/4/104, p. 10.
28NSW Unassisted Immigrant Passenger Lists, 1826–1922 [database], www.ancestry.com.au (viewed July 2016).
29Williamstown Chronicle, 31 October 1908, p. 3.
30UK, Incoming Passenger Lists, 1878–1960 [database], www.ancestry.com.au (viewed July 2016).
31Table Talk, 18 May 1911, p. 5; Table Talk, 23 November 1911, p. 6.
32Herald, 12 November 1929, p. 7.
33CotH, p. 21.
34Critic, 30 November 1901, p. 6.
35Coburg Leader, 6 January 1906, p. 4
36CotH, p. 100.
37Haller, ‘Pygmalion’.
38KSPP, MS6201/1/4.
8. ‘Astir with Great Things’
1CotH, p. 125.
2Brett, Deakin, p. 352.
3Prichard, ‘Deakin’, p. 103.
4CotH, p. 126.
5Deakin, KSPP, MS6201/6/6, p. 76. ‘Pollard’ was Tom Prichard’s mother’s maiden name.
6Grey, Military, p. 77; La Nauze, Deakin, p. 533; Brett, Deakin, pp. 359–60.
7WT, 23 May 1908, p. 8.
8Swiss, p. 34.
9The International, vol. 1, no. 1, December 1907, p. 3.
10‘Australian’, December 1907, p. 87.
11‘Some Perceptions’, p. 244.
12Foreword to Wild, n.p.
13‘KS and Hannah Frances’, p. 96.
14ibid., p. 97.
15‘Kid’, p. 39.
16CotH, p. 111.
17To Try, p. 4.
18ibid., p. 6.
19CotH, p. 111.
20ibid., pp. 111–12.
21UK, Incoming Passenger Lists, 1878–1960 [database], www.ancestry.com.au (viewed July 2016).
9. Abroad
1CotH, p. 112.
2ibid.
3KSPP, MS6201/8/8.
4CotH, p. 238.
5ibid., p. 112.
6ibid., p. 113.
7WT, 17 October 1908, p. 40.
8‘The Exhibition … London, July 30’, newspaper clipping, KSPP, MS6201/11/1.
9CotH, p. 130.
10ibid.
11ibid., pp. 117–19.
12Pioneers, 1915, pp. 310–12.
13Black, 1921, p. 244; Black, 1946, p. 157.
14Hack, ‘Meredith’.
15CotH, p. 126.
16Lindsay, George, p. 8.
17CotH, p. 128.
18ibid., p. 129.
19ibid.
20ibid., p. 125.
21ibid., pp. 145–8.
22KSP, interview by Ellis Blain, 1968, KSP [Audio] Collection, NLA, MS2660/3.
23CotH, p. 143.
24Williamstown Chronicle, 31 October 1908, p. 3.
25CotH, pp. 143–5.
26ibid., p. 145.
27KSPP, MS6201/8/8.
28KSP to Catherine Duncan, 31 May 1964, KSPP, MS6201/10/24.
29‘Cow’, p. 118.
30CotH, pp. 121–2.
31ibid., p. 150.
32ibid., p. 142.
33ibid., p. 152.
34ibid., p. 150.
35ibid.
36ibid., p. 151.
10. Pomona
1Mount Alexander Mail, 17 April 1909, p. 2.
2Burchill, ‘KSP’, p. 42.
3CotH, p. 159.
4KSPP, MS6201/10/1.
5Although she seems to have copied his final letter into a notebook—see p. 221.
6WT, 29 May 1909, p. 9.
7WT, 4 September 1909, p. 9.
8WT, 7 August 1909, p. 9.
9CotH, p. 98.
10O’Dowd, Poetry, p. 15.
11‘A Stormy Petrel of Australian Poetry’, KSPP, MS6201/7/6.
12‘Tributes to the Memory of Bernard O’Dowd’, p. 419.
13Rees, Making, p. 115; Fitzpatrick, Pioneer, p. 83.
14Rees, Making, pp. 114, 115.
15KSP, interview by Campbell Howard, 1961, transcript, CHC.
16Ballarat Star, 5 April 1911, p. 6.
17The Burglar, typescript, KSPP, MS6201/6/1.
18Age, 6 October 1910, p. 10.
19Worker, 20 October 1910, p. 21.
20WT, 15 October 1910, p. 42.
21Fitzpatrick, Pioneer, p. 113.
22ibid., p. 324.
23Walker, ‘Esson’.
24Fitzpatrick, Pioneer, pp. 76–80.
25ibid., pp. 109–10; Esson, ‘Introduction’, p. xiv.
26KSP, interview by Campbell Howard, 1961, transcript, CHC.
27‘Louis Esson’, typescript, 1943, KSPP, MS6201/7/6.
28CotH, pp. 159–60.
29ibid., p. 167.
30Bookman, May 1915, p. 33.
31Sun (Sydney), 11 October 1910, p. 2.
32CotH, p. 168.
33New York, Passenger Lists, 1820–1957 [database], www.ancestry.com.au (viewed May 2018).
34US, Border Crossings from Canada to US, 1895–1956 [database], www.ancestry.com.au (viewed May 2018).
35CotH, p. 168.
36Black, 1921, p. 238.
37CotH, p. 175.
38Critic, 22 March 1911, p. 6.
39UK, Incoming Passenger Lists, 1878–1960 [database], www.ancestry.com.au (viewed May 2018). It was the same ship which would be torpedoed during the Great War by a German submarine in May 1915, killing 1198 civilians, a factor in the USA’s eventual entry into the war.
40Black, 1921, p. 146.
41ibid., p. 145.
42ibid., p. 244.
43CotH, p. 176.
11. Freewoman
1CotH, p. 178.
2Williams, ‘KSP (Interview)’, p. 26.
3Van Wingerden, Women’s, p. 127.
4Smith, British, p. 38.
5Van Wingerden, Women’s, p. 144.
6CotH, p. 185.
7ibid., p. 177.
8ibid., p. 187.
9Woollacott, To Try, pp. 77–82; SMH, 4 April 1906, p. 5.
10CotH, p. 182.
11Truth, 8 October 1911, p. 5.
12CotH, p. 176.
13Table Talk, 23 November 1911, p. 6.
14Woman Voter, 6 October 1911, p. 6.
15Table Talk, 4 January 1912, p. 30.
16WW draft, RTP, MS8071/4/104, p. 10.
17KSP to Ric and Dodie Throssell, 2 June 1950, RTP.
18CotH, p. 183.
19Prichard, ‘Some Perceptions’, p. 237.
20CotH, p. 183.
21ibid.
22Why, p. 6.
23Holton, ‘Daily’, p. 351.
24ibid., pp. 352–3.
25‘The New Chivalry’, Freewoman, 2 May 1912, pp. 476–7.
26‘Discussion Circle’, Freewoman, 2 May 1912, p. 464.
27CotH, p. 178.
28KSP to Karen Throssell, 26 April 1969, KSPP, MS6201/1/16.
29Bland, ‘Heterosexuality’, p. 6.
30KSP to Dora Marsden, 26 September 1912, Dora Marsden Collection, Princeton University.
31Bland, ‘Heterosexuality’, p. 118.
32‘In Loving’, p. 712.
33ibid.; Clarke, ‘Sumner’, p. 42.
34‘In Loving’, p. 712.
35Albinski, ‘Helena’, p. 47.
36CotH, p. 192.
37Beasley, Gallop, pp. 33–4.
38KSP to John Ferres, n.d., KSPP, MS6201/10/23.
39‘In the Heather’, Clovelly, p. 14.
40CotH, pp. 187–8.
41Daily Standard, 20 May 1916, p. 9.
42Massachusetts, State and Federal Naturalization Records, 1798–1950 [database], www.ancestry.com.au (viewed June 2018).
43Chronicle Telegram, 12 May 1932, p. 2.
12. Breaking Out
1‘News Notes’, Bookman, March 1913, p. 289. Hodder & Stoughton sometimes also called it the ‘All-British Competition’, but never the ‘All-Empire Competition’, contra WW, p. 25.
2Sun (Sydney), 12 March 1913, p. 6.
3CotH, p. 192. In CotH, Katharine wrote she took six months off from journalism, but an interview from the time specifies it was the first three months of 1914. Daily Herald (Adelaide), 17 July 1915, p. 10.
4CotH, p. 192.
5Whitelaw, Art, p. 78.
6Darling Downs Gazette, 21 May 1915, p. 3.
7CotH, p. 193.
8Matter, ‘Pursuing’, p. 454.
9Bulletin, 29 July 1915, p. 2.
10Dominion (Wellington, NZ), 29 May 1915, p. 14.
11CotH, p. 192.
12Daily Herald (Adelaide), 17 July 1915, p. 10.
13KSPP, MS6201/6/1.
14Hirshfield, ‘Actresses’, pp. 137–8.
15Woman Voter, 25 August 1914, p. 3.
16Weekly Times, 15 August 1914, p. 10.
17CotH, p. 198.
18ibid., p. 200.
19Socialist, 12 February 1915, p. 4; Socialist, 17 December 1915, p. 4 [microfilm].
20Table Talk, 1 October 1914, p. 6.
21CotH, p. 199.
22Baker, Australian, pp. 25–31.
23Martin, Ink, p. 28.
24Serle, ‘Palmer’.
25DN, 26 March 1930, p. 7.
26Martin, Ink, p. 31.
27NP to Catherine Higgins, 26 June 1915, PP, MS1174/1499.
28Martin, Ink, pp. 235–6.
29CotH, pp. 134–7, 199; see Nan’s signature in Katharine’s commonplace book, KSPP, MS6201/1/6.
30Sunday Times (Sydney), 28 February 1915, p. 1.
31ibid.; Everylady’s Journal, 6 March 1915, p. 138.
32Sunday Times (Sydney), 28 February 1915, p. 1.
33CotH, pp. 194–5.
34ibid., p. 195.
35Examiner, 26 February 1915, p. 3; Weekly Times, 27 February 1915, p. 22.
36‘News and Notes’, Bookman, April 1915, p. 1.
37Everylady’s Journal, 6 June 1915, p. 1.
38Punch, 4 March 1915, p. 22.
39CotH, pp. 196–7.
40Carter and Osborne, Australian, p. 197.
41Times Literary Supplement, 9 September 1915, p. 302.
42Argus, 17 September 1915, p. 5. At least one other reviewer saw the novel’s overseriousness as its chief defect. Australasian, 25 September 1915, p. 46.
43KSPP, MS6201/10/21.
13. Hugo
1KSP, interview by Jane Fleming, ABC Radio, 1968, replayed on ‘World War One Correspondents’, 10 May 2010, www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/archived/verbatim/world-war-one-correspondents/3112906 (viewed June 2021).
2Cairns Post, 12 August 1915, p. 2.
3Weekly Times, 16 November 1929, p. 6.
4Western Mail, 6 April 1917, p. 38.
5CotH, pp. 201–2.
6ibid., p. 202.
7ibid.
8HT, war diary, KSPP, MS6201/1/7.
9KSP to RT, 11 March 1962, RTP.
10MFS, pp. 17–18.
11KSP to RT, 25 Oct 1944, RTP.
12MFS, p. 20.
13ibid., pp. 22–4.
14Browning and Gill, Gallipoli, p. 15.
15SMH, 18 October 1915, p. 10.
16Moora Herald and Midland Districts Advocate, 26 May 1916, p. 4.
17Browning and Gill, Gallipoli, p. 95.
18Observer (London), 29 August 1915, p. 3.
19Throssell, ‘For Valour’, p. 9.
20WA, 28 April 1916, p. 7.
21Throssell, ‘For Valour’, p. 10.
22‘Intimate Strangers’, KSPP, MS6201/4/4.
23Hamilton, Price, location 3520.
24HTRC, p. 37.
25Coronial inquest, HTRC, p. 50.
26HTRC, p. 37.
27‘Intimate Strangers’, KSPP, MS6201/4/4.
28DN, 18 June 1915, p. 3.
29Western Mail, 24 March 1921, p. 27.
30‘Intimate Strangers’, KSPP, MS6201/4/4.
31CotH, pp. 202–3.
32KSPP, MS6201/1/13.
33CotH, p. 203.
34Pioneers, 1963, p. i.
35CotH, p. 203.
36ibid., p. 207.
37MFS, p. 62.
38Sunday Times (Sydney), 9 January 1916, p. 21.
39WA, 25 December 1915, p. 8.
40Sunday Times (Sydney), 9 January 1916, p. 21.
14. Disquiet
1CotH, pp. 208–9.
2KSPP, MS6201/5.
3CotH, p. 213.
4Prichard, ‘Radical’, p. 84.
5GB to RT, 10 June 1972, RTP, MS8071/4/94.
6Register, 20 December 1915, p. 6; Sparrow, ‘Engineering’, p. 146.
7Macintyre, Reds, p. 19.
8Sparrow, ‘Engineering’, p. 126.
9Fleur-de-Lys, October 1913, pp. 39–40.
10Sparrow, ‘Engineering’, p. 146.
11SMH, 1 January 1976, p. 1.
12GB to RT, 10 June 1972, RTP, MS8071/4/94.
13Argus, 14 January 1916, p. 8.
14Argus, 12 January 1916, p. 8.
15ibid.
16Sally Wilde, ‘Armadale’, Encyclopedia of Melbourne Online, 2008, www.emelbourne.net.au/biogs/EM00086b.htm (viewed June 2021).
17CotH, p. 215.
18Graphic of Australia, 11 February 1916, p. 7.
19Punch, February 17, 1916, p. 32.
20CotH, p. 216.
21Bendigonian, 24 February 1916, p. 10.
22Table Talk, 24 February 1916, p. 28.
23CotH, p. 215.
24Weekly Times, 11 March 1916, p. 9.
25Argus, 22 July 1916, p. 18.
26‘The Pioneers in Pictures’, Herald, undated clipping, KSPP, MS6201/11/1.
27Punch, 9 March 1916, p. 34.
28‘The Pioneers: Original Release’, National Film and Sound Archive, title 1862, www.nfsa.gov.au/collection (viewed June 2021).
29Edmondson and Pike, Australia’s, p. 22.
30‘Australia I: Ti-Tree Studies 1916’, notebook, KSPP, MS6201/2/2.
31‘Australia II 1916’, notebook, KSPP, MS6201/2/2
32ibid.
33ibid.
34ibid.
35ibid.
36CotH, p. 218.
37HTRC, p. 38.
38CotH, p. 217.
39ibid.
15. The Opal Fields
1Leader, 11 November 1916, p. 43.
2Cook, ‘Critical’, p. 33.
3CotH, p. 217.
4It is debatable whether or not the title should have a definite article. It was originally published in 1921 as The Black Opal yet Nettie Palmer (probably reflecting Katharine’s opinion) wrote in 1926, ‘It is important to get the book’s name right, Black Opal, not “The Black Opal”, as I have so often seen it printed—as if it were a treasure-hunt-detective story!’ The first reprint in 1946 omitted the definite article, suggesting Katharine restored it to her preferred title, which she also used to describe it in CotH. Australian Women’s Mirror, 27 July 1926, p. 11.
5‘On Purpose’, p. 121.
6KSP to RT, 16 February 1957, RTP.
7CotH, p. 218.
8ibid., p. 222.
9ibid., pp. 223–4.
10KSPP, MS6201/2/2.
11ibid.
12Prichard, Black, 1921, p. 64.
13Sun (Sydney), 14 January 1917, p. 10.
14Sunday Times (Sydney), 16 July 1916, p. 4.
15CotH, pp. 224–5.
16ibid., p. 225.
17‘A Brief History of Lightning Ridge’, Lightning Ridge Opal Company, http://opalguy.com/history.html; Lloyd, Lightning, p. 159; ‘Empress of Australia—Famous Opals’, Mac’s Opals, www.macsopals.com/opal-guide/empress-of-australia (viewed June 2021).
18Black, 1921, p. 205.
19Brisbane Courier, 18 September 1916, p. 4.
20Black, 1921, pp. 69–70.
21Women Today, September 1936, p. 3.
22Beasley, Gallop, p. 39.
16. The Omen
1Goulburn Evening Penny Post, 2 September 1916, p. 1.
2CotH, p. 226.
3Western Mail, 13 October 1916, p. 38.
4CotH, p. 232.
5KSPP, MS6201/2/2.
6Sparrow, ‘Engineering’, p. 137.
7Western Mail, 17 November 1916, p. 16.
8Weekly Times, 15 December 1917, p. 9.
9CotH, p. 232.
10Graphic of Australia, 24 November 1916, p. 14.
11Argus, 29 November 1916, p. 1.
12Alan Prichard, military record, NAA, 6.
13CotH, pp. 226–7.
14‘Australia II 1916’, notebook, KSPP, MS6201/2/2.
15Vickery, ‘Lesbia’, pp. 102–11.
16ibid., p. 2.
17Sparrow, ‘Engineering’, pp. 149–50.
18ibid.
19‘Rebel Girl’, 9 November 1941, GBP, MS5241/5/39, p. 2.
20Martin, Ink, p. 38.
21KSP to NP, May 1917, PP, MS1174/1/1641.
22Roland, Devious, 25; Sparrow, ‘Engineering’, p. 159.
23Sparrow, ‘Engineering’, p. 151.
241917 Syllabus, Victorian Labor College, University of Melbourne Archives, 1976.0032 unit 40, p. 4.
25VLC Minutes, 6 July 1917, AT Brodney Papers.
26Smart, ‘Divided’, p. 55.
27CotH, p. 239.
28Why, p. 8.
29Macintyre, Reds, location 422.
30Age, 26 March 1917, p. 7.
31Worker (Brisbane), 5 April 1917, p. 11.
32Cain, Wobblies, p. 38.
33ibid., pp. 81–106.
34ibid., pp. 169–274.
35See Baracchi’s lecture at a Victorian Socialist Party meeting on ‘The Syndicalism of Sorel’. Labor Call, 20 December 1917, p. 6.
36CotH, p. 178.
37Prichard, ‘Radical’, p. 89.
381917 Syllabus.
39Walker, ‘[Interview with] Guido Baracchi’, p. 18.
401917 Syllabus, p. 5.
41VLC Minutes, 20 November 1917, AT Brodney Papers.
42Labor Call, 20 December 1917, p. 6.
43Prichard, ‘Writer’s’, p. 29.
44Sparrow, ‘Engineering’, pp. 167–77.
45‘To the IWW, a Special Message from the Communist International’, Marxists Internet Archive, 1920, transcribed 2003, www.marxists.org/history/international/comintern/sections/australia/iww/open-letter.htm (viewed June 2021).
46Prichard, ‘Radical’, pp. 88–9.
47CotH, p. 233.
48ibid., p. 237.
49ibid., pp. 237–9.
50KSP to NP, May 1917, PP, MS1174/1/1641.
51Clarke, ‘Sumner’, p. 56.
52ibid., pp. 50–2.
53ibid., p. 61.
54‘In Loving’. It is not clear whether the ‘go slow’ quote is from the final letter or an earlier letter from the hospital. Perhaps the reference to running chickens and books reflects a desire by Katharine to escape the city life to somewhere like Emerald and write.
55ibid.
56Weekly Times, 24 November 1917, p. 9
57Herald, 14 June 1921, p. 5.
58Albinski, ‘Helena’, p. 47.
59ibid.
60CotH, p. 236.
61Papers of Bertha Walker, SLV, MS10772, box 2.
62CotH, p. 234.
63Argus, 19 January 1918, p. 11.
64MS6201/2/2.
65CotH, p. 236.
66KSPP, MS6201/9/2.
67CotH, p. 236.
68‘Rebel Girl’, 9 November 1941, GBP, MS5241/5/39, 2a.
69Alan Prichard, military record, NAA, p. 52; Argus, 22 December 1917, p. 8.
70GB, speech, 10 March 1965, GBP, MS5241/5/46.
71CotH, p. 248.
72Argus, 22 December 1917, p. 8.
73ibid.
74Hilda Esson to NP, 1 February 1918, PP, MS1174/1920.
75Alan Prichard, military record, NAA, p. 11.
76ibid., p. 37
17. Retreat
1Heseltine, ‘Australian’, p. 183. Heseltine actually cites Katharine’s Intimate Strangers as a key example of a novel indirectly concerned with the war through its depiction of the after-effects.
2Golden, p. 218.
3ibid., p. 234.
4Subtle, p. 19.
5ibid.
6CotH, p. 250.
7Jordan, ‘Shaped’, pp. 384–85.
8PP, MS1174/16.
9GB to VP and NP, 15 January 1918, PP, MS1174/1/1750.
10Thurs [18 January 1918], PP, MS1174/16.
11Jeff Sparrow transcribes it as ‘2pm’, but Baracchi clearly wrote ‘am’ in block capitals and Nettie repeats that in her diary. ‘Engineering’, p. 159.
12Labor Call, 21 February 1918, p. 9.
13NP’s diary, PP, MS1174.
14Roland, Devious, p. 25.
15NP’s diary, PP, MS1174.
16Prahran Chronicle, 6 April 1918, p. 5; Larkins, Book, p. 107.
17Larkins, Book, p. 137.
18ibid., p. 133.
19Subtle, p. 34.
20CotH, p. 250.
21ibid.
22Alan Rochead Hubert Prichard, Probate and Administration Files, PROV, VPRS 28/P0003 unit 795, item 155/783.
23Historical Search Statement, Land Victoria, volume 03319 folio 767.
24Palmer and Palmer, Letters, p. 9.
25KSP to Helen Palmer, 26 January 1961, Helen Palmer Papers, NLA, MS6083/Box 25.
26The story of the sinful woman washing Jesus’s feet with her tears and drying them with her hair is found in Luke 7:36–39.
27CotH, p. 251.
18. Armistice
1Hospital report, 19 December 1918, HTRC, pp. 41–2.
2CotH, p. 251.
3ibid.
4ibid.
5Age, 16 September 1918, p. 4; HT, military record, NAA, p. 5.
6CotH, p. 251.
7ibid., p. 217. Katharine dates this conversation to Hugo’s visit in 1916, but it seems unlikely they were seriously contemplating marriage then.
8ibid., p. 252.
9Typescript of CotH, KSPP, MS6201/8/8, p. 5.
10Argus, 12 November 1918, p. 6.
11CotH, p. 252.
12ibid.
13Punch, 12 December 1918, p. 36.
14Black, 1921, p. 256.
15ibid., p. 266.
16ibid., p. 318.
17KSP to NP, September 1919, PP, MS1174/1/2240.
18KSP to NP, August 1919, PP, MS1174/1/2206.
19WW, p. 84.
20Brumby / Bid, p. 7.
21ibid., p. 10.
22ibid., p. 11.
23Punch, 12 December 1918, p. 36.
24Caviar, p. 9.
25KSP to RT, 26 February 1950, RTP.
26Register, 6 December 1918, p. 4.
27Hospital report, 19 December 1918, HTRC, pp. 41–2.
28HTRC, p. 47.
29WA, 3 October 1918, p. 9.
30Bunbury Herald, 5 October 1918, p. 5.
31WA, 19 February 1919, p. 7.
32Register, 21 January 1919, p. 6.
33NP to VP, 25–28 January 1919, PP, MS1174/1/2025.
34KSP to Repatriation Commission, 28 January 1934, HTRC.
35Receipt [loose], HTS.
36Age, 28 January 1919, p. 5.
37Argus, 29 January 1919, p. 7.
38Curson and McCracken, ‘Australian’; Curson and McCracken, ‘Flu’.
39DN, 24 January 1922, p. 3.
40KSP to MA, 30 January 1960, USW.
41CotH, p. 252. Lilly Williams had been the closest of Katharine’s aunts and the last to see Tom Prichard alive. She died at the end of that year aged fifty-eight. Argus, 22 December 1919, p. 1.
42Historical Search Statement, Land Victoria, Volume 03319 Folio 767.
43NP to VP, 25–28 January 1919, PP, MS1174/1/2025.
44CotH, p. 252.
45Receipt [loose], HTS; Advertisement for Beefine, Age, 7 April 1919, p. 4.
46Caviar, p. 9.
47KSPP, MS6201/10/14.
48WW, p. 40.
49Argus, 4 February 1919, p. 6.
50Western Mail, 21 March 1919, p. 34
51‘Bush’, p. 498.
52CotH, p. 69.
53NP to VP, 1 March 1919, PP, MS1174/1/2065.
54Age, 4 March 1919, p. 4.
55‘Some Perceptions’, p. 241.
56Gallop, p. 171.
57Subtle, p. 69.
58KSP to NP, August 1919, PP, MS1174/1/2206.
19. The New Order
1DN, 13 March 1919, p. 3.
2‘A Century of Population Change in Western Australia’, Australian Bureau of Statistics, September 2001, www.abs.gov.au (viewed June 2021).
3Australia for the Tourist, p. 130.
4Bathurst Times, 11 March 1916, p. 4.
5KSP to NP, September 1919, PP, MS1174/1/2240.
6WA, 28 June 1919, p. 4.
7CotH, p. 254.
8KSP to NP, August 1919, PP, MS1174/1/2206.
9Tom Roberts to Elizabeth and Caleb Roberts, 6 December 1919, Hayes Collection, University of Queensland Library, 2/2150a.
10KSP to NP, September 1919, PP, MS1174/1/2240; Post Office Directory 1919; WA, 14 April 1902, p. 1; Swan Express, 25 June 1915, p. 3; Swan Express, 29 October 1953, p. 4.
11WW, p. 232.
12Westralian Worker, 4 February 1921, p. 2.
13Oliver, ‘Fremantle’s’.
14Tribune, 4 December 1963, p. 5.
15Blackwell, Western, p. 26.
16Truth, 26 July 1919, p. 3
17KSP to NP, August 1919, PP, MS1174/1/2206.
18Northam Advertiser, 23 July 1919, p. 2 [microfilm], Northam Courier, 18 July 1919, p. 1.
19Gerald Throssell, notes, RTP, MS8071/3/73.
20Northam Advertiser, 23 July 1919, p. 2 [microfilm].
21Westralian Worker, 25 July 1919, p. 4; Northam Courier, 25 July 1919, p. 1.
22Westralian Worker, 25 July 1919, p. 4.
23KSP to NP, August 1919, PP, MS1174/1/2206; Gerald Throssell, notes.
24KSP to NP, August 1919; Northam Courier, 25 July 1919, p. 1.
25WA, 22 July 1919, p. 5; Westralian Worker, 25 July 1919, p. 4; Northam Courier, 25 July 1919, p. 1.
26Gerald Throssell, notes; Hamilton, Price.
27Truth, 27 December 1919, p. 5.
28ST, 31 August 1919, p. 6.
29New, p. 9.
30ibid., p. 17.
31Truth, 15 November 1919, p. 2; WA, 17 November 1919, p. 9.
32Cain, ‘Australian’.
33ASIO-KSP, vol. 1, p. 127.
34Ric Throssell, ASIO file, NAA, A6119, vol. 1, pp. 95, 159–60.
35South Australia Police Gazette, 12 May 1920, p. 178.
36WW, p. 41.
37Western Mail, 12 May 1921, p. 6.
38Australasian, 20 December 1919, p. 51. Earlier in the year, the WA government botanist, Desmond Herbert, had given a paper on the parasitism of the tree. ST, 13 April 1919, p. 6.
39Statement by KSP, typescript, 12 October 1946, SLNSW, A2763.
40Hilda Esson to NP, 23 April 1920, PP, MS1174/1/2288.
41WA, 13 December 1921, p. 6.
42Newspaper clipping, KSPP, MS6201/11/2.
4319 October 1921, newspaper clipping, KSPP, MS6201/11/2.
44Newspaper clipping, KSPP, MS6201/11/2.
45Palmer and Palmer, Letters, pp. 7–8; Herald, 28 September 1920, p. 4.
46HT to NP, 20 August 1920, PP, MS1174/1/2299.
47Western Mail, 2 September 1920, p. 27; Edith Isabel Prichard, Brighton Burial Register, burial 14529.
48Bill Earsman to WC Whitbread, 24 December 1920, KSPP, MS6201/10/1.
49Williams, First, p. 185.
50Earsman to Whitbread.
51WW, p. 232.
52Westralian Worker, 31 December 1920, p. 5.
53Williams, First, p. 90.
54Westralian Worker, 11 November 1921, p. 8.
55Statement by KSP, typescript, 12 October 1946, SLNSW, A2763.
56Westralian Worker, 4 February 1921, p. 2.
57KSP to HL Denford, transcription, 16 February [1923], JWP, MS5425A/188.
58Prichard, ‘Deakin’, p. 105.
59KSP to Denford.
60ibid.
61Statement by KSP.
20. York Road
1KSP to Spencer Brodney, 25 May 1930, Spencer Brodney Papers, SLV.
2KSP to NP, 14 November 1929, KSPP, MS6201/10/2.
3‘Western’, p. 35.
4‘Wild Flower Walkabouts’, KSPP, MS6201/7/5.
5WW, pp. 39–40.
6MFS, p. 81.
7KSP to RT, 9 June 1946, RTP.
8MFS, p. 79.
9Roaring, p. 223.
10MFS, p. 200.
11Headlam, ‘My Aunt’, p. 45.
12KSP to RT, 16 June 1968, RTP.
13KSP to RT, 4 May 1968, RTP.
14Headlam, ‘My Aunt’, p. 45.
15KSP to RT, 8 October 1956, RTP.
16KSPP, MS6201/6/3.
17MFS, p. 86.
18WW, pp. 42–3.
19KSP to RT, 10 May 1953, RTP.
20KSP to RT, 9 May 1954, RTP.
21KSP to Dorothy Throssell, 8 March 1948, RTP.
22KSP to RT, 4 May 1961, RTP.
23CotH, p. 256.
24‘Grey’, p. 25.
25Australasian, 25 August 1923, p. 31.
26KSPP, MS6201/6/3, p. 20.
27Prichard, ‘Lawrence’, p. 253.
28Richardson, Letters, letter 462.
29Prichard, ‘Lawrence’, p. 252.
30Palmer, Nettie, p. 55.
31Prichard, ‘Lawrence’, p. 252.
32WW, 167; ‘Lawrence’, p. 259.
33‘ML Skinner’, Woman’s World, 1 December 1924, p. 41.
34KSP to NP, 4 July 1925 [sic – 1928], KSPP, MS6201/10/2.
35WW, p. 170.
36Home, September 1933, p. 70.
37Palmer, Nettie, pp. 54–5.
38Art in Australia, March 1924, p. 23. The March issue was not published until April.
39Heseltine, ‘C. Hartley’, p. 357.
40Souter, Torrent, section 5.
41Prichard, Happiness, 1967, p. vi.
42Burchill, ‘KSP’, pp. 129–30.
43‘Curse’, p. 19.
44Souter, Torrent, section 5.
45ARCF, MLMSS314/vol. 83/1.
46Outline, p. 219.
47Royalty statement, KSPP, MS6201/10/1.
48Table Talk, 5 March 1925, p. 35.
49Swan Express, 23 January 1925, p. 5.
50Coonardoo, p. 107.
51ibid., pp. 116–17.
52Roaring, 195ff.
53WW, p. 64.
54Brumby / Bid, p. 27.
55ibid., p. 29.
56ibid., pp. xv–xvi.
57KSP to VP, 23 June 1927, KSPP, MS6201/10/2.
58MFS, p. 137.
59Katharine Brisbane, ‘Introduction’, Prichard, Brumby / Bid, p. xxvii.
60KSP to VP, November 1924, PP, 1174/1/2630.
61Swan Express, 3 July 1925, p. 4. The fourth family member was Katharine’s niece, Thea.
62DN, 17 April 1924, p. 4.
63Swan Express, 10 September 1926, p. 7; ST, 19 September 1926, p. 3.
64KSP to VP, 23 June 1927, KSPP, MS6201/10/2.
65WA, 21 September 1928, p. 15; DN, 10 May 1929, p. 9.
66Williams, First, p. 95.
67Batterham, ‘Shelley;’ Mirror, 1 October 1927, p. 4.
68Swan Express, 16 November 1923, p. 5.
69WA, 28 April 1925, p. 8; ST, 14 December 1919, p. 6.
70HTRC, p. 44.
71RTP, MS8071/03/71.
72Advertiser, 9 March 1937, p. 17; Advertiser, 30 August 1949, p. 3.
73News, 4 March 1927, 7.
74ST, 14 August 1927, p. 9; ST, 11 September 1927, p. 15.
75Swan Express, 10 February 1928, p. 3.
76WA, 31 August 1928, p. 7.
77Kalgoorlie Miner, 30 August 1928, p. 4.
21. The Karri Forest
1‘Town Names’, Landgate, www.landgate.wa.gov.au (viewed June 2021).
2Untitled notebook, KSPP, MS6201/2/3.
3KSP, interview by Hazel de Berg, 1960, NLA.
4Cook, ‘Critical’, p. 38.
5Working, p. 92.
6Norman Smith, interview, 1971, SLWA, OH134.
7Morris and Underwood, Tall, p. 50.
8Working, p. 221.
9Contested, p. 70.
10KSP to NP, 28 September 1924, KSPP, MS6201/10/2.
11Mirror, 13 September 1924, p. 4; Westralian Worker, 12 September 1924, p. 4.
12Bundaberg Mail, 23 September 1924, p. 5.
13Westralian Worker, 12 September 1924, p. 4.
14Beasley, Gallop, p. 55.
15Joan Williams in Prichard, Strenuous, p. 16.
16Working, p. 247.
17ibid., p. 253.
18KSP to VP, November 1924, PP, 1174/1/2630.
19Burchill, ‘KSP’, p. 96.
20The first advertisement in Times Literary Supplement appears 18 November 1926.
21Hart-Davis, ‘Cape’.
22DN, 6 March 1926, p. 9
23KSP to VP, 23 June 1927, KSPP, MS6201/10/2.
24KSP to VP, 15 September 1928, KSPP, MS6201/10/2.
25Hilda Esson to KSP, [1926], KSPP, MS6201/10/3.
26Bulletin, 31 March 1927, p. 2.
27Mercury, 23 April 1927, p. 15.
28Telegraph, 19 February 1927, p. 7.
29Catholic Press, 10 March 1927, p. 3.
30Bunbury Herald and Blackwood Express, 4 February 1927, p. 12.
31New York Times, Book Review, 24 April 1927, 8, p. 14.
32Laughter, p. 146.
33Daily News, 2 December 1927, p. 11.
34Grattan, ‘Australian’, p. 24.
35Friends, p. 250.
36Nettie, p. 24.
37Brisbane Courier, 15 October 1927, p. 22.
22. The Station
1CotH, p. 254.
2Prichard, Happiness, 1967, p. vii.
3MFS, p. 93.
4Murchison Times, 30 April 1920, p. 3.
5KSP to Hilda Esson, 1 November 1926, KSPP, MS6201/10/1.
6ibid.
7Prichard, Brumby / Bid, p. iv.
8KSP to NP, 19 October 1926, PP, 1174/1/2856.
9KSP to Hilda Esson.
10Coonardoo, pp. 270–1.
11MFS, p. 96.
12Bill Day to KSP Writers’ Centre, 15 April 2002, KWC; Austin-Crowe, ‘Coonardoo’, p. 99.
13WW, p. 49.
14Prichard, Brumby / Bid, p. xiv.
15Austin-Crowe, ‘Coonardoo’, p. 190.
16Prichard, Brumby / Bid, p. ix.
17Peter Bridge records bush legends of them meeting, and Katharine’s jealousy at him being the centre of attention as he told his stories. However, the account of Katharine’s visit is unreliable—it also includes the claim that Hugo Throssell was with her at Turee and attacked the governess. Bridge, Brumby, p. 71.
18Austin-Crowe, ‘Coonardoo’, p. 192.
19Bridge, Brumby, p. 27.
20Daily Telegraph and North Murchison and Pilbarra Gazette, 7 April 1926, p. 3.
21Brumby, p. 71.
22Wilde and Headon, ‘Aborigine’, p. 7.
23Quoted in Prichard, Brumby / Bid, p. xiv.
24Quoted in ibid., p. ix.
25Quoted in ibid., p. xv.
26KSP to Douglas Stewart, 24 March 1963, ARCF, MLMSS 3269/vol. 592.
27Williams, ‘Natural’.
28KSP, interview by Hazel de Berg, 1960, NLA.
29Austin-Crowe, ‘Coonardoo’, p. 101.
30KSP to Douglas Stewart, 25 December 1963, KSPP, MS6201/10/17.
31Austin-Crowe, ‘Coonardoo’, p. 110; Bill Day to KSP Writers’ Centre.
32Austin-Crowe, ‘Coonardoo’, p. 101.
33KSP to Stewart.
34DN, 2 December 1927, p. 11.
35Coonardoo, p. 185.
36KSP to VP, 10 September 1928, PP, MS1174/1/2669
37‘Coonardoo’, p. 103.
38Coonardoo, p. 5.
39Bulletin, 15 August 1928, p. 50.
40Bulletin, 15 January 1930, p. 2.
41KSP to VP, 10 September 1928, PP, MS1174/1/2669.
42Quoted in Burchill, ‘KSP’, p. 142.
43Bulletin, 31 October 1928, p. 37.
44Northern Times, 19 January 1929, p. 4.
45KSP to VP, 10 September 1928, PP, MS1174/1/2669.
46Times (London), 14 June 1929, p. 10.
47KSP to Beatrice Davis, 15 November 1954, ARCF, MLMSS 3269/vol. 591.
48Labor Daily, 10 August 1929, p. 9.
49WA, 27 July 1929, p. 5.
50Nettie, pp. 373–4.
51Hetherington, ‘Authors’, pp. 420–1.
52New York Times, Book Review, 16 March 1930, p. 4.
53KSP, interview by Hazel de Berg, 1960, NLA.
54Leane, ‘Other’, p. 42.
55Finding, p. 94.
56‘Whiteman’s’, p. 60ff; Finding, p. 94ff.
57Behrendt, Finding, p. 87.
58Lydon, ‘Bullets’, p. 285.
59Behrendt, Finding, p. 86.
60Coonardoo, pp. 167–71; Lisa Hill, ‘Coonardoo’, ANZ LitLovers, 17 January 2021, https://anzlitlovers.com/2021/01/17/coonardoo-by-katharine-susannah-prichard (viewed June 2021).
61Finding, p. 86.
62The nearest documented event is 500km west of Turee at Minderoo, where 20 to 50 of the Thalangi people were massacred in 1869. ‘Colonial Frontier Massacres in Australia, 1788–1930’, The Centre for 21st Century Humanities, https://c21ch.newcastle.edu.au/colonialmassacres/detail.php?r=894 (viewed June 2021).
63‘Other’, pp. 42–3.
64Irwin, ‘Australia’s’, p. 31.
23. The Circus
1Cohuna Farmer’s Weekly, 23 November 1917, p. 3.
2CotH, p. 234.
3Haxby’s, location 527.
4Swan Express, 2 September 1927, p. 5.
5Cook, ‘Critical’, p. 40.
6Western Mail, 29 September 1927, p. 9.
7Table Talk 20 October 1927, p. 19.
8Western Mail, 29 September 1927, p. 9.
9Table Talk, 20 October 1927, p. 19.
10Sun, 27 January 1935, p. 17.
11Chronicle, 16 July 1931, p. 57.
12Cook, ‘Critical’, p. 40.
13Haxby’s, location 2341.
14Townsville Daily Bulletin, 11 August 1930, p. 3.
15‘A Place Across the River’, Performing Arts Collection, 13 September 2016, https://performingartscollection.wordpress.com, (viewed June 2021).
16Palmer, Louis, pp. 87–8.
17MFS, pp. 92–3.
18Annette Cameron, interview, broadcast January 1984, ABC Radio Archives, AMP, box 5.
19KSP to VP, 10 September 1928, PP, MS1174/1/2669
20ST, 9 December 1928, p. 10.
21KSP to VP 7 May 1931, PP, MS1174/1/3764.
22Haxby’s, location 1382.
23ibid., location 4182.
24ibid., location 4359.
25WW, p. 59.
26Herald, 29 August 1930, p. 6.
27WW, p. 60.
28Richardson, Letters, letter 477.
29WW, p. 59.
30‘Authors’, p. 423.
31KSP to WG Cousins, 17 July 1945, ARCF, MLMSS 3269/vol. 591.
32Hetherington, ‘Authors’, p. 427.
33New York Times, Book Review, 12 April 1931, p. 7; WW, p. 61.
34DN, 21 July 1930, p. 4.
35KSP, p. 32.
24. ‘The Mirage is Breaking Up’
1Sun, 13 October 1929, p. 4.
2KSP to Karen Throssell, 4 July 1968, KSPP, MS6201/1/16.
3Palmer, Nettie, p. 54.
4Skinner, ‘Christian’, pp. 117–48.
5KSP to HM, 1 September 1929, MFP, 3607/17(l).
6Rutledge and Cowper, ‘McCrae’.
7CotH, p. 165.
8KSP to HM, Tuesday [October 1929], MFP, 3607/17(n).
9HM to KSP, November 1930, KSPP, MS6201/10/5.
10KSP to HM, April and May [1931], MFP, 3607/17(p).
11KSP to HM, 4 December 1929, MFP, 3607/17(b).
12McCrae, Letters, pp. 76–7.
13KSP to HM, 10 August 1950, MFP, 3607/16 (y).
14‘Australian Literature, Present and Future’, typescript, MFP, 3607/17 (a).
15DN, 23 October 1929, p. 9.
16Bolton, Land, p. 120.
17ibid., p. 121.
18WW, p. 84.
19Intimate, p. 331.
20ibid., p. 4.
21ibid., pp. 183–4.
22WW, p. 90.
23Intimate, p. 335.
24ibid., p. 237.
25ibid., p. 333.
26ibid., p. 304.
27ibid., p. 97.
28ibid., p. 96.
29ibid., p. 144.
30Roaring, p. 99.
31‘Some Perceptions’, p. 240.
32‘Stranger’, p. 48.
33DN, 26 April 1932, p. 7.
34ST, 12 December 1948, p. 5.
35Throssell, ‘Stranger’, p. 47.
36KSP to RT, 22 April 1956, RTP.
37Flyer held privately.
38KSP to HM, 25 January [1932], MFP, 3607/17(q).
39KSP to NP, June 1933, PP, 1174/1/4250.
40Herald, 12 November 1929, p. 7.
41KSPP, MS6201/2/4, p. 206.
25. Red Star
1DN, 27 January 1932, p. 2.
2WW, p. 64.
3DN, 3 December 1930, p. 6.
4ibid.
5KSP, Happiness, 1967, p. vii.
6Kalgoorlie Miner, 21 March 1931, p. 1.
7Western Argus, 31 March 1931, p. 5.
8James Mitchell to EA McLarty, [undated], KSPP, MS6201/1/12.
9KSP to Repatriation Commission, 28 January 1934, HTRC, p. 97.
10KSP to HM, April and May [1931], MFP 3607/17(p).
11KSP to HM, 13 July 1930, MFP 3607/17(f); WW, p. 64.
12KSP to RT, 9 December 1945, RTP.
13KSP to RT, 19 June 1960, RTP.
14KSP to Repatriation Commission.
15Dr JS Yule, 4 November 1932, HTRC, p. 48.
16KSP to Repatriation Commission; MFS, p. 119.
17Intimate, p. 327.
18WA, 15 June 1935, p. 5.
19Isla Marsh, letter to Spencer Brodney, 29 September 1962, SLV, MS Box 1286/6; Williams, ‘KSP (Interview)’, p. 26.
20Cook, ‘Critical’, p. 29.
21Richardson, Letters, letter 691.
22Times Literary Supplement, 14 April 1932, p. 272.
23SMH, 8 April 1932, p. 4.
24KSP to HM, June 1931, MFP, 3607/17(g).
25Devanny, Point, p. 171.
26Workers’ Weekly, 28 January 1938, p. 2.
27DN, 2 July 1931, p. 6.
28ibid.
29Workers’ Weekly, 28 January 1938, p. 2.
30Lovell and Windle, Unswerving, p. 42.
31Lindsay Brown to RT, 17 July 1972, RTP, MS8071/4/94.
32Workers Star, 14 January 1938, p. 1.
33WA, 13 September 1932, p. 9.
34MFS, p. 119.
35KSP to HM, 1 October 1932, MFP, 3607/16A(h).
36Red Star, 30 September 1932, p. 1.
37Workers’ Weekly, 2 June 1933, p. 1.
38WA, 15 May 1933, p. 6.
39WA, 12 May 1933, p. 1.
40Workers’ Weekly, 2 June 1933, p. 1.
41Age, 23 November 1933, p. 10.
42CotH, p. 255.
43Caviar, p. 8.
44GB to RT, 10 June 1972, RTP, MS8071/4/94.
45WA, 19 April 1933, p. 8.
46CotH, p. 261.
47KSP to HM, May 1933, MFP, 3607/16(m).
48WW, p. 67.
49CotH, p. 261.
26. The Real Russia
1KSP to HM, May 1933, MFP, 3607/16(m).
2KSP to HM, June 1933, MFP, 3607/16(n).
3KSP to HT, June 1933, KSPP, MS6201/1/11.
4ibid.
5KSP to HM, 6 July 1933, MFP, 3607/16(o).
6Prichard, ‘Some Perceptions’, p. 237.
7KSP to NP, 20 May 1930, PP, MS1174/1/3550
8Richardson, Letters, letter 827.
9Henry Handel Richardson to KSP, 8 May 1934, KSPP, MS6201/10/1.
10DN, 17 August 1933, p. 1.
11WA, 13 September 1933, p. 14.
12ASIO-KSP, vol. 3.2, p. 37.
13Real, p. 7.
14‘Engineering’, pp. 27, 30.
15Herald, 9 May 1934, p. 20.
16Real, p. 173.
17Roland, Caviar, p. 75.
18Sparrow, ‘Engineering’, p. 233.
19Roland, Caviar, p. 78.
20ibid., p. 81.
21Widdis, Alexander, pp. 22–35.
22Real, p. 48.
23Herald, 4 May 1934, p. 12.
24Herald, 5 May 1934, p. 20.
25Worrall, ‘Meyerhold’.
26Real, p. 79.
27ibid., p. 207.
28ibid., p. 65.
29KSP to MA, 6 May 1956, USW.
30Real, p. 96.
31KSP to RT, 2 October 1933, KSPP, MS6201/1/11.
32KSP to HM, 10 September 1933, MFP, 3607/16.
33KSP to RT, 16 October 1933, KSPP, MS6201/1/10.
34‘James Adinmus’ [ie HT] to KSP, 21 August 1933, KSPP, MS6201/1/11.
35KSP to RT, 2 November 1933, KSPP, MS6201/1/10.
36WW, p. 69.
37Roland, Caviar, p. 96.
38ibid.
39Ferrier, As Good, p. 345.
40Caviar for Breakfast draft, 1969?, Papers of Betty Roland, NLA, MS6772 box 5, file 6, p. 69. The finding aid erroneously claims this is a photocopy of the diary.
41Moore, ‘Burdens’.
42KSP to HM, 10 September 1933, MFP, 3607/16(p).
43Times, 20 November 1933, p. 17.
44KSP to RT, 18 July 1946.
45WW, p. 71.
46Henry Handel Richardson to KSP, 8 May 1934, KSPP, MS6201/10/1.
47DN, 26 December 1933, p. 1.
27. The Rodeo
1Swan Express, 23 February 1933, p. 2.
2WA, 11 February 1933, p. 16.
3DN, 11 February 1933, p. 3.
4WA, 7 April 1933, p. 24.
5MFS, p. 129.
6ibid., p. 128.
7EL Sutton to HT, 14 August 1933, KSPP, MS6201/1/11.
8HT to RSL, 14 September 1933, KSPP, MS6201/1/11.
9Greenmount Road Board to HT, 18 July 1933, KSPP, MS6201/1/11
10AO Neville to HT, 28 July 1933, KSPP, MS6201/1/11.
11WA, 6 March 1936, p. 12.
12Under Secretary, Government of WA to HT, 28 July 1933, KSPP, MS6201/1/11.
13Chief Secretary’s Dept to HT, 9 Sept 1933, KSPP, MS6201/1/11.
14HT to Mrs Ross, 29 July 1933, KSPP, MS6201/1/11.
15HT to Dr Buttsworth, 15 August 1933, KSPP, MS6201/1/11.
16HT to RSL, 14 September 1933, KSPP, MS6201/1/11.
17Swan Express, 3 August 1933, p. 5.
18WA, 31 July 1933, p. 6.
19HT to RSL, 14 September 1933, KSPP, MS6201/1/11.
20Mirror, 9 September 1933, p. 6.
21Mirror, 4 November 1933, p. 9.
22Liabilities, 1943, KSPP, MS6201/1/11.
23WW, pp. 138–9.
24MFS, p. 133.
25ibid., p. 137.
26ibid., pp. 133, 137–8.
27ibid., p. 138.
28HTRC, p. 37.
29WA, 12 December 1933, p. 10.
30MFS, p. 139.
31Swan Express, 23 November 1933, p. 2.
32HTRC, p. 145.
33ibid.
34ibid.
35ibid.
36WA, 20 November 1933, p. 7. The note was lost by either the police or the coroner and its contents couldn’t be verified during the investigation into Hugo’s death by the Repatriation Commission. HTRC, pp. 53–4.
37WA, 14 March 1934, p. 3.
38WA, 21 November 1933, p. 14.
28. ‘All That Is Left’
1WW, p. 71.
2ibid., p. 73.
3KSP to RT, 30 September 1951, RTP.
4KSP to HM, March 1934, MFP, 3607/16(s).
5KSP to RT, 11 August 1946, RTP.
6WW, p. 71.
7WA, 12 December 1933, p. 10.
8KSP to Repatriation Commission, 28 January 1934, HTRC, p. 97.
9HTRC, p. 19.
10HTRC, p. 129
11Statement of Assets and Liabilities at 19 November 1933, KSPP, MS6201/1/11.
12DN, 28 February 1934, p. 4.
13Why, p. 9.
14Herald, 14 April 1934, p. 30.
15Herald, 28 April 1934, p. 6.
16Red Star, 1 June 1934, p. 1.
17KSP to HM, October 1934, MFP, 3607/16(t).
18Simon Bridge to KSP Writers Centre, email, 21 November 2005, KWC.
19Herald, 10 November 1934, p. 24.
20‘Tributes to the Memory of Bernard O’Dowd’, p. 419.
21Workers’ Weekly, 16 November 1934, p. 1.
22Zogbaum, Kisch, p. 33.
23Herald, 9 November 1934, p. 1.
24Zogbaum, Kisch.
25Argus, 9 November 1934, p. 10.
26Workers’ Weekly, 16 November 1934, p. 1.
27Prichard, ‘Egon’, p. 72.
28WW, p. 78.
29KSP to Walt Carmon, 27 March 1935, USW.
30MFS, p. 146.
31ibid., p. 145.
32Kasoff, ‘Union’, p. 1610.
33KSP to Carmon.
34Real, p. 247.
35International League of Writers, Report of 1st Australian Conference, 1935, p. 2.
36Quoted in Prichard, Real, p. 254.
37ibid.
38Exiles, location 2893.
39Irwin, ‘Australia’s’, p. 31.
40‘Kisch’, p. 78; Clark, ‘Soviet’, p. 406.
41Workers’ Weekly, 8 February 1935, p. 2.
42Herald, 31 January 1935, p. 5.
43WA, 15 June 1935, p. 5.
29. On All Fronts
1Bartlett, ‘Perth’, p. 64.
2WA, 7 May 1935, p. 23.
3Lovell and Windle, Unswerving, document 76.
4ASIO-KSP, vol. 1, p. 92.
5ASIO-KSP, vol. 3.1, pp. 24-7.
6Hyde, Art, location 1140.
7ibid., location 408.
8Quoted in ibid., location 1383.
9Red Star, 13 December 1935, p. 4.
10Anger, p. 65.
11Hyde, Art, location 2893.
12Workers Star, 12 November 1937, p. 1.
13Workers Star, 5 November 1937, p. 4.
14Hyde, Art, location 2445.
15Workers Star, 7 January 1938, p. 1.
16Hyde, Art, location 3829.
17Quoted in ibid., location 2941.
18Williams, First, p. 139.
19MFS, p. 118.
20KSP to GB, 6 November 1935, GBP, MS5241/2.
21KSP to Timofey Rokotov, 11 April 1939, USW.
22MFS, pp. 146–7.
23ibid., p. 199.
24ibid., p. 200.
25KSP to Timofey Rokotov, 11 September 1938, USW
26KSP, ‘Notes on Modern Women’s Club’, RTP, MS8071/4/94.
27Workers Star, 29 April 1938, p. 3.
28Dorothy Irwin to RT, 25 March 1972, RTP, MS8071/4/93.
29Kotai-Ewers, ‘Fellowship’, pp. 75ff.
30WA, 15 November 1938, p. 11.
31KSP to VP, 10 October [1935?], KSPP, MS6201/10/2.
32KSP to HM, 1 August 1936, MFP, 3607/16(x).
33Quoted in Modjeska, Exiles, location 2906.
34WA, 3 June 1939, p. 3.
35KSP to Sergei Dinamov, 30 October 1936, USW.
36KSP to HM, 1 August 1936, MFP, 3607/16(x).
37Bulletin, 26 May 1937, p. 2.
38DN, 19 May 1937, p. 4.
39Workers’ Weekly, 13 July 1937, p. 3.
40Workers’ Weekly, 30 November 1937, p. 2.
41ASIO-KSP, vol. 1, pp. 77-80.
42Richardson, Letters, letter 1070.
43WA, 21 May 1937, p. 27.
44Prichard, ‘Art’, p. 130.
45Bulletin, 11 December 1935, p. 27.
46Workers Star, 24 February 1939, p. 3.
47‘Aborigine’, p. 49.
48KSP to MA, 19 September 1940, USW.
49Who, p. 6.
50‘Peace’, p. 59.
51Macintyre, Reds, location 7044.
52KSP to HDB, 28 July 1941, HDBP.
53WW, p. 92.
30. Underground
1ASIO-KSP, vol. 1, p. 31.
2Tribune, 23 February 1940, p. 2.
3‘Engineering’, p. 255.
4Quoted in ibid., p. 246.
5WW, p. 239.
6Kotai-Ewers, ‘Fellowship’, pp. 122–3.
7Quoted in Hyde, Art, location 4107.
8ASIO-KSP, vol. 1, p. 14.
9MFS, p. 157.
10ASIO-KSP, vol. 1, p. 11.
11Macintyre, Reds, location 7307.
12ASIO-KSP, vol. 2, p. 32.
13McKenzie, Challenging, p. 104.
14ibid., p. 101; DN, 6 May 1941, p. 13.
15KSP to Hilda Esson, 7 June 1941, KSPP, MS6201/10/7.
16Williams, First, p. 170.
17Challenging, p. 104.
18KSP to Esson.
19Quoted in Hyde, Art, location 4629.
20KSP to MA, 20 May 1940, USW.
21Quoted in Hyde, Art, location 4629.
22Moon, p. 78.
23‘KSP’, p. 14; Moon, p. 89.
24Bulletin, 26 November 1941, p. 2.
25SMH, 8 November 1941, p. 10.
26WW, p. 98; Carter and Osborne, Australian, p. 225.
27KSP to MA, 19 September 1940, USW.
28ibid.
29Ferrier, As Good, p. 62.
30KSP to Commonwealth Literary Fund, 15 December 1940, CLF, p. 113.
31‘What it used to cost’, SLV, https://guides.slv.vic.gov.au/whatitcost/earnings (viewed June 2021).
32CLF, p. 120.
33KSP-ASIO, vol. 2a, p. 12.
34KSP to Hilda Esson, 7 June 1941, KSPP, MS6201/10/7.
35ibid.
36‘Some Recollections of KSP’, WSP.
37ibid.
38ibid.
39KSP to HS Temby, 4 August 1941, CLF, p. 99.
40Burchill, ‘KSP’, p. 314.
41Smith, Newspaper, pp. 5–6.
42Burchill, ‘KSP’, p. 314.
43Hale, ‘My Father’, p. 15.
44‘Some Recollections of KSP’, WSP.
45WA, 7 April 1933, p. 24.
46Kalgoorlie Miner, 30 May 1941, p. 1.
47ASIO-KSP, vol. 2, p. 33.
48ASIO-KSP, vol. 2, pp. 63–5.
49KSP to HDB, 28 July 1941, HDBP.
50KSP to Timofey Rokotov, 4 August 1941, USW.
51KSP to HS Temby, 12 October 1941, CLF, p. 96.
52ASIO-KSP, vol. 2, p. 7.
53DN, 13 January 1942, p. 5.
54ASIO-KSP, vol. 2, p. 119.
55Newcastle Morning Herald, 28 October 1941, p. 4.
56WA, 19 September 1941, p. 5.
57‘Deakin’, pp. 106–7.
58ibid.
59ASIO-KSP, vol. 2, p. 119.
60Advertiser, 30 December 1941, p. 4.
61MFS, pp. 163–4.
62ASIO-KSP, vol. 2, p. 119.
63MFS, p. 169.
64WW, p. 110.
65KSP to DS, 13 July 1942, WSP.
66Ferrier, As Good, p. 87.
31. Long Live the Party
1MFS, p. 187.
2ASIO-KSP, vol. 2, p. 143.
3KSP to HDB, June 1943, HDBP; Roe, Stella, p. 421.
4Doon Stone, ‘Some Reminiscences’, WSP.
5Ferrier, As Good, p. 98.
6ibid., p. 104.
7‘Tribute’, 133.
8KSP to RT, 18 September 1943, RTP.
9‘Her Brilliant’, p. 228.
10ibid., p. 233.
11KSP to RT, 3 July 1944, RTP.
12MFS, pp. 6–7.
13ibid., p. 189.
14WW, pp. 119–20.
15MFS, p. 198.
16ibid., p. 200.
17Communist Review, 1 April 1943, p. 4.
18KSP to RT, 16 December 1945, RTP.
19WW, p. 117.
20Beasley, Gallop, p. 124; also Aarons, Family, location 789.
21Tribune, 17 May 1945, p. 4.
22McKnight, ‘Rethinking’, p. 191; Cahill, ‘Rupert’, p. 263.
23Breaking, p. 10.
24WA, 16 September 1942, p. 4.
25ASIO-KSP, vol. 2, p. 143
26Breaking, p. 126.
27ibid., p. 237.
28ibid., p. 220.
29Aarons, Family, location 2598.
30Pamela Burton, ‘John Burton: Undermined by Dishonest History’, Honest History, 1 September 2014, http://honesthistory.net.au/wp/burton-pamela-john-burtonundermined-by-dishonest-history/ (viewed June 2021).
31VENONA documents, National Security Agency, www.nsa.gov/Portals/70/documents/news-features/declassified-documents/venona/dated/1945/30sep_throssel.pdf (viewed June 2021).
32Deery, ‘Remembering’, p. 52.
33Ball and Horner, Breaking, p. 220.
34Ferrier, ‘Devanny’, 2001.
35Devanny, Point, p. 182.
36ibid., pp. 180–1.
37ibid., p. 137.
38ibid., p. 181.
39ibid., p. 138.
40ibid., p. 180.
41Ferrier, Jean, 1999, p. 183.
42Gallop, pp. 126ff.
43Devanny, Point, p. 254.
44ibid.; Ferrier, As Good, p. 317.
45Ferrier, As Good, p. 119.
46ibid., pp. 119–20.
47Ferrier, Jean, 1999, p. 161.
48Fitzpatrick, Pioneer, pp. 338–9.
49Hilda Esson to KSP, 4 April 1952, KSPP, MS6201/10/7.
50Harry Gould to RT, 12 August 1972, RTP, MS8071/4/94.
51Fitzpatrick, Pioneer, p. 332.
52KSPP, MS6201/7/6.
53Hold, p. 152.
54Fitzpatrick, Pioneer, p. 340.
32. Revival
1Ferrier, Jean, 1999, p. 252.
2KSP to MA, 6 February 1944, USW.
3Annette Cameron, interview, broadcast January 1984, ABC Radio Archives, AMP, box 5.
4KSP to RT, 23 January 1944, RTP
5KSP to RT, 17 February 1944, RTP.
6KSP to RT, 30 April 1944, RTP.
7Low, ‘Salt’.
8Brooks and Clark, Eleanor, p. 255.
9KSP to RT, 26 March 1944, 15 October 1944, 29 October 1944, RTP.
10KSP to RT, 5 March 1945, RTP.
11Daily Telegraph, 21 April 1944, p. 7.
12KSP to RT, [undated, 1945], RTP.
13Age, 14 July 1945, p. 9.
14Daily Telegraph, 10 March 1945, p. 13.
15KSP to MA, 6 February 1944, USW.
16KSP to MA, 24 October 1944, USW.
17‘Hoax’, pp. 199, 200, 201.
18Ferrier, As Good, p. 318.
19ibid., p. 362.
20ibid., p. 365.
21KSP to RT, 11 August 1946, RTP.
22KSP to RT, 20 February 1944, 14 May 1944, 25 June 1944, 14 January 1945, RTP.
23KSP to RT, 11 March 1945, RTP.
24Prichard, ‘International’, p. 234.
25ibid., pp. 235–6.
26WW, pp. 120–1.
27KSP to MA, 17 March 1954, USW.
28Argus, 6 December 1944, p. 8.
29KSP to RT, 8 July 1945, RTP.
30Tribune, 24 July 1945, p. 1.
31MFS, pp. 216–17.
32KSP to HDB, 25 August 1945, HDBP.
33KSP to RT, February 1945, RTP.
34MFS, pp. 201, 211.
35KSP to RT, Wednesday [undated], RTP, folder 181.
36KSP to RT, 21 January 1945, RTP.
37MFS, pp. 218–19.
38KSP to RT, [undated], RTP, folder 182.
39Doon Stone, ‘Some Reminiscences’, WSP.
40MFS, pp. 219–20.
41VENONA documents, National Security Agency.
42KSP to RT, 24 December 1945, RTP.
43KSP to RT, 24 February 1946, RTP.
44KSP to RT, 17 March 1946, RTP.
45KSP to RT, 29 March 1946, RTP.
46ibid.
47KSP to RT, 2 June 1946, RTP.
33. The Furies Return
1KSP to RT, 5 April 1946, RTP.
2KSP to RT, 15 April 1946, RTP.
3KSP to RT, 28 and 30 April 1946, RTP.
4KSP to Bea Throssell, 23 April 1946, RTP.
5MFS, pp. 238–40; WW, p. 140.
6KSP to RT, 11–13 August 1946, RTP.
7KSP to RT, 18 July 1946, RTP.
8KSP to RT, 11–13 August 1946, RTP.
9ibid.
10KSP to RT, 20 July 1969, RTP.
11Ferrier, As Good, p. 147.
12Tribune, 18 October 1946, p. 5.
13‘Statement by KSP’, typescript, 12 October 1946, SLNSW, A2763.
14Williams, First, p. 113.
15Burchill, ‘KSP’, p. 312.
16Argus, 3 August 1946, p. 15.
17Franklin, Gregarious, pp. 211–13.
18Workers Star, 23 August 1946, p. 4.
19Williams, Anger, pp. 130–1.
20KSP to RT, 23 September 1946, RTP.
21Ferrier, As Good, p. 161.
22MFS, p. 247.
23KSP to RT, 19 February 1947, RTP; Ferrier, As Good, p. 166.
24KSP to RT, 19 February 1947, RTP.
25Ferrier, As Good, p. 172.
26ibid.
27KSP to RT, 10 March 1947, RTP.
28MFS, p. 250.
29Ferrier, As Good, p. 176.
30KSP to MA, 6 August 1947, USW.
31WW, p. 146.
32KSP to DS, 5 November 1947, WSP.
33MFS, p. 251.
34. The Cold War Begins
1KSP to DS, 5 November 1947, WSP.
2KSP to RT, September 1946, RTP.
3Ferrier, As Good, p. 181.
4Bonnin and Bonnin, ‘Hill’.
5KSP to RT, September 1946, RTP.
6Ferrier, As Good, p. 181.
7KSP to RT, 19 January 1948, RTP.
8KSP to RT, 25 October 1947, RTP.
9KSP to RT, 8 December 1947, RTP.
10KSP to RT, 30 November 1947, RTP.
11KSP to RT, 3 July 1948, RTP.
12Workers Star, 17 September 1948, p. 4.
13KSP to RT, 18 July 1948, RTP.
14Bulletin, 27 October 1948, p. 2.
15Western Mail, 30 September 1948, p. 14.
16KSP to RT, 2 May 1948, RTP.
17KSP to RT, 19 July 1948, RTP.
18WW, p. 151.
19KSP to RT, 18 March 1949, RTP.
20KSP to RT, 24 March 1949, RTP.
21KSP to RT, 10 April 1949, RTP.
22KSP to RT, 15 March 1948, RTP.
23SMH, 17 July 1948, p. 2.
24Jeff Sparrow, ‘Conceptual Slippage: The Spy Catchers and Dirty Secrets’, Sydney Review of Books, 21 November 2014, https://sydneyreviewofbooks.com/review/spycatchers-dirty-secrets (viewed June 2021).
25WA, 13 August 1949, p. 6.
26Kalgoorlie Miner, 29 March 1949, p. 2.
27Workers Star, 14 April 1949, p. 5.
28DN, 9 April 1949, p. 1; ST, 10 April 1949, p. 6.
29KSP to RT, 10 April 1949, RTP.
30Workers Star, 14 April 1949, p. 5.
31Ferrier, As Good, p. 145.
32KSP to RT, Xmas morning [1949], RTP.
33KSP to RT, 30 July 1949, RTP.
34KSP to RT, 1 October 1949, RTP.
35KSP to RT, 28 May 1950, RTP.
36Ferrier, As Good, p. 257.
37Book description, Antipodean Books, www.antipodean.com/pages/books/10787/katharine-susannah-prichard/winged-seeds (viewed June 2021).
38Winged, p. 379.
39Ferrier, As Good, p. 267.
40Bulletin, 10 January 1951, p. 2.
41Argus, 24 February 1951, p. 10.
42Ferrier, As Good, p. 267.
43SMH, 27 January 1951, p. 8.
44Writing, p. 255.
45‘Novels’, p. 381.
35. Legacy
1KSP to Bea Throssell, 9 June 1946, RTP.
2KSP to RT, 26 March 1950, RTP.
3KSP to RT, 24 July 1950, RTP.
4KSP to RT, 30 July 1950, RTP.
5KSP to RT, 6 August 1950, RTP.
6KSP to Cyril Cook, 19 August 1951, KWC.
7KSP to RT, 17 March 1968, RTP.
8KSP to NP, 24 December 1950, PP, MS1174/1/7932.
9KSP to RT, 28 January 1951, RTP.
10KSP to Cyril Cook, 4 June 1951, KWC.
11KSP to RT, 1 July 1951, RTP.
12ibid.
13KSP to Cyril Cook, 19 August 1951, KWC.
14‘Critical’, p. 192.
15Cyril Cook to RT, 26 December 1972, RTP, MS8071/4/95.
16RT to Cyril Cook, 7 January 1973, RTP, MS8071/4/95.
17Cyril Cook to RT, 19 January 19 1973, RTP, MS8071/4/95.
18Douglas Stewart to RT, 24 January 1973, RTP, MS8071/4/95.
19Burchill, ‘KSP’, pp. 372–3.
20KSP to RT, 5 March 1950, RTP.
21Ferrier, As Good, p. 239; Roe, Stella, p. 488.
22KSP to RT, 5 March 1950, RTP.
23KSP to RT, 10 June 1951, RTP.
24KSP to RT, 19 November 1951, RTP.
25KSP to RT, 11 February 1957, RTP.
26‘Some Thoughts’, p. 203.
27Carter, ‘Peace’, p. 61.
28Ferrier, As Good, p. 234.
29Workers Star, 26 May 1950, p. 8.
30Doon Stone, ‘Some Reminiscences’, WSP.
31KSP to RT, 8 October 1950, RTP.
32KSP to RT, 7 January 1951, RTP.
33KSP to RT, 29 August 1953, RTP.
34KSP to RT, 23 March 1952, RTP.
35KSP to RT, 17 September 1951, RTP.
36Challenging, p. 158.
37KSP to RT, 23 September 1951, RTP.
38KSP to RT, 6 January 1952, RTP.
39KSP to RT, 23 March 1952, RTP.
40KSP to RT, 27 July 1952, RTP.
41KSP to RT, Sunday 1952, RTP.
42SMH, 10 September 1952, p. 2.
43SMH, 11 September 1952, p. 2.
44KSP to RT, 19 October 1952, RTP.
45KSP to RT, 20 September 1952, RTP.
46KSP to RT, 24 September 1952, RTP.
47KSP to RT, 5 October 1952, RTP.
48Fitzpatrick, Pioneer, p. 356.
49KSP to MA, 7 March 1953, USW.
50Sun, 6 March 1953, p. 4.
51Hilda Esson to KSP, 20 April 1953, KSPP, MS6201/10/3.
52KSP to HDB, 3 August 1953, HDB.
53KSP to RT, 29 June 1953, RTP.
54KSP to RT, 20 July 1953, RTP.
55Hilda Esson to KSP, 4 April 1952, KSPP, MS6201/10/7.
56Ferrier, As Good, p. 322.
57ibid., p. 351.
58North, Yarn, p. 368.
59Roe, Stella, pp. 501, 532.
60Ferrier, As Good, pp. 356–7.
61ibid., pp. 386–7.
62Delys Cross, notes about KSP, RTP, MS8071/4/91.
63KSP to RT, 26 September 1954, RTP.
36. ‘My Faith Has Never Wavered’
1KSP to RT, 7 February 1954, RTP.
2KSP to RT, 25 February 1954, RTP.
3KSP to RT, 8 April 1954, RTP.
4KSP to MA, 24 June 1954, USW.
5MFS, p. 299.
6ibid., pp. 303–4.
7KSP to RT, 26 July 1954, RTP.
8MFS, pp. 303–4.
9KSP to RT, 3 February 1955, RTP.
10MFS, p. 323.
11ibid.
12Canberra Times, 15 September 1955, p. 1.
13KSP to RT, 6 May 1955, RTP.
14SMH, 11 February 1956, p. 13.
15KSP to RT, 17 May 1955, RTP.
16Quoted in Skinner, ‘Christian’, p. 264.
17Betsey Linton and Kitch Currie, interview by Anne Mahon, 22 January 2000, AMP.
18Judy Inveen, email to author, 7 February 2018.
19Deery and Calkin, ‘We All’, p. 69.
20Tribune, 11 April 1956, pp. 6–7; Sparrow, ‘Engineering’, p. 62.
21KSP to MA, 6 May 1956, USW.
22ibid.
23KSP to MA, 29 May 1956, USW.
24‘Fadeev Kills Self!’, SovLit, 2012, www.sovlit.net/fadeevsuicide (viewed June 2021).
25KSP to MA, 27 February 1957, USW.
26KSP to MA, 12 October 1957, USW.
27ASIO-KSP, vol. 4.2, pp. 97–8.
28ASIO-KSP, vol. 4.2, p. 49.
29ASIO-KSP, vol. 4.2, p. 93; Good Neighbour, 1 August 1958, p. 6.
30KSP to RT, 6 January 1957, RTP.
31Doon Stone, ‘Some Reminiscences’, WSP.
32KSP to RT, 6 January 1957, RTP.
33KSP to MA, 9 April 1957, USW.
34KSP to OK, 8 April 1957, USW.
35KSP to OK, 11 June 1957, USW.
36Maclellan, Grappling, pp. 94, 103.
37KSP to OK, 5 September 1957, USW.
38KSP to OK, 23 June 1958, USW.
39KSP to RT, 5 July 1958, RTP.
40KSP to Dodie Throssell, 24 September 1958, RTP.
41WW, p. 181.
42KSPP, MS6201/8/5.
43KSP to RT, 7 September 1959, RTP.
44KSP to RT, 18 November 1957, RTP.
45KSP to RT, 7 September 1959, RTP.
46KSP to OK, 15 November 1959, USW.
47Subtle, pp. 275–6.
48KSP to RT, 22 November 1959, RTP.
37. ‘A Personal Thing’
1KSP to RT, 1 August 1960, 21 August 1960, RTP.
2KSP to MA, 10 August 1960, USW.
3KSP to OK, 10 September 1959, USW.
4KSP to RT, 21 August 1960, RTP.
5KSP to RT, 11 September 1960, RTP.
6ASIO-KSP, vol. 4.2, p. 28.
7KSP to OK, 30 September 1960, USW.
8KSP to OK, 4 June 1961, USW.
9Curthoys, ‘Robeson’, p. 166.
10KSP to RT, 12 April 1959, RTP.
11Tribune, 7 December 1960, p. 10.
12KSP to RT, 4 December 1960, RTP.
13KSP to RT, [1961], RTP, folder 195.
14KSP to RT, 17 December 1961, RTP.
15KSP to RT, [1961], RTP, folder 195.
16Cecilia Shelley, interview by RT, 12 September 1972, RTP, MS8071/4/92.
17Joan Williams, interview by RT, 5 September 1972, RTP, MS8071/4/92.
18Shelley, interview by RT.
19Quoted in Carr, ‘Age’, p. 411.
20ibid., pp. 393–403.
21ibid., p. 410.
22KSP to GB, 28 July 1965, KSPP, MS6201/10/17.
23KSP to OK, 11 June 1957, USW.
24Carr, ‘Age’, p. 412.
25KSP to Karen Throssell, 30 March 1963, KSPP, MS6201/1/16.
26KSP to RT, 23 March 1963, RTP.
27KSP to RT, September 1963, RTP.
28Davis, Causes, p. 299.
29KSP to RT, 16 July 1961, RTP.
30KSP to Beatrice Davis, 21 September 1961, KSPP, MS6201/10/17.
31Beatrice Davis to KSP, 8 May 1962, KSPP, MS6201/10/9.
32KSP to Beatrice Davis, 18 October 1961, KSPP, MS6201/10/17.
33KSP to Beatrice Davis, 13 May 1962, KSPP, MS6201/10/9.
34Quoted in Kent, Beatrice, location 2690.
35Beatrice Davis to KSP, 24 May 1962, KSPP, MS6201/10/9.
36KSPP, MS6201/7/5.
37Burchill, ‘KSP’, p. 1.
38KSP to Beatrice Davis, 20 July 1963, KSPP, MS6201/10/17.
39SMH, 9 November 1963, p. 13.
40WW, p. 189.
41KSP to Catherine Duncan, 31 May 1964, KSPP, MS6201/10/24.
42CLF, p. 38.
43KSP to OK, 2 May 1964, USW.
44KSP to RT, [undated letter, page 3 only, 1964?], RTP, folder 198.
45Dorothy Hewett to KSP, KSPP, 22 November 1963, MS6201/10/17.
46Westerly, vol. 8, no. 4, 1963, p. 63.
47Dorothy Hewett, interview, ABC radio, recorded 6 January 1982, AMP.
48KSP to NP, 25 January 1964, PP, MS1174/1/9931. Two of Dorothy’s daughters, including Kate Lilley who was named after Katharine, have spoken of sexual abuse they suffered at the family home in the 1970s which they say was encouraged by Dorothy. Broede Carmody, ‘Dorothy Hewett’s daughters say grown men preyed on them as children’, 11 June 2018, SMH, www.smh.com.au (viewed June 2021).
49Hewett, interview.
50Williams, ‘KSP (Interview)’, p. 26.
51ibid.
52Joan Williams, interview by Anne Mahon, 22 November 1999, AMP.
53Cusack, ‘KSP’, p. 16.
54KSP to RT, 24 November 1963, RTP.
55Tribune, 11 December 1963, p. 7.
56Cusack, ‘KSP’, p. 14.
38. Hardliner
1KSP to RT, 20 July 1964, RTP.
2John Gilchrist to RT, 20 July 1964, RTP.
3John Gilchrist, diary, John and Roma Gilchrist Papers, SLWA, ACC3632A.
4WW, p. 212.
5ibid.
6Williams, Anger, p. 217.
7ibid.
8KSP to RT, [undated, 1964], RTP, MS8074/4/198, pp. 153–4.
9‘Pages From a Diary’, typescript, RTP, MS8071/4/91.
10KSP to RT, 8 November 1964, RTP.
11KSP to RT, 27 December 1964, RTP.
12Joan Williams, interview by RT, 5 September 1972, RTP, MS8071/4/92.
13KSP to RT, 20 March 1966, RTP.
14Williams, interview.
15KSP to RT, quoted in ‘KSP: “Excess of Love”? Some Comments’, p. 26.
16KSP to OK, 6 March 1965, USW.
17KSP to RT, 2 May 1965, 28 January 1968, RTP.
18KSP to RT, 27 June 1965, RTP.
19KSP to RT, 14 November 1965, RTP.
20Prichard, ‘Some Perceptions’, p. 241.
21New Statesman, 7 January 1966, p. 19.
22KSP to RT, 26 March 1966, RTP.
23KSP to RT, 8 May 1966, RTP.
24WW, p. 215.
25KSP to RT, 31 July 1966, RTP.
26WW, p. 215.
27KSP to RT, 30 October 1966, RTP.
28KSP to RT, 13 November 1966, RTP.
29KSP to RT, 19 December 1966, RTP.
30Tribune, 9 August 1967, p. 3; ASIO-KSP, vol. 6, p. 76.
31KSP to RT, 8 August 1967, RTP.
32ASIO-KSP, vol. 6, p. 78.
33KSPP, MS6201/10/19.
34Australian Book Review, September 1967, p. 175.
35Bulletin, 19 August 1967, p. 65; SMH, 7 October 1967, p. 17.
36KSP to RT, 7 March 1968, RTP.
37Happiness, 1967, p. viii.
38KSP to RT, July 1966, RTP, pp. 114–15.
39KSP to RT, 30 September 1962, RTP.
40KSP, pp. 5–6.
41Martin, Ink, p. 263.
42KSP to NP, 11 July 1959, KSPP, MS6201/10/17.
43KSP to NP, 25 January 1964, PP, MS1174/1/9931.
44KSP to RT, 20 January 1963, RTP.
45GB to RT, 10 June 1972, RTP, MS8071/4/94.
46KSP to RT, 13 April 1965, RTP.
47KSP to GB, 13 April 1965, KSPP, MS6201/10/17.
48GB to KSP, 12 December 1967, KSPP, MS6201/10/23.
49“Cheerio”, p. 8.
50KSP to RT, 3 November 1963, RTP.
51KSP to RT, 23 January 1966, RTP.
52KSP to RT, 26 March 1966, RTP.
53KSP to RT, 26 June 1966, RTP.
54Quoted in Cath Ellis, p. 11.
55KSP to RT, 10 July 1956, RTP.
56Kotai-Ewers, ‘Vickers’.
57KSP to RT, 23 April 1967, RTP.
58KSP to RT, 20 August 1967, RTP.
59KSP to RT, 10 September 1967, RTP.
60KSP to RT, 10 May 1968, RTP.
61Wendy Kendrick, interview by Anne Mahon, 10 December 1999, AMP.
62Hewett, ‘Excess’, p. 30.
63KSP to RT, 28 January 1962, RTP.
64Dorothy Hewett, interview by RT, 15 September 1972, RTP, MS8071/4/92.
65Tribune, 23 February 1966, p. 4.
66KSP to Dorothy Hewett, 18 April 1967, USW, ACC5835A/34.
67Hewett, ‘Excess’, p. 28.
68ibid., p. 30.
69Dorothy Hewett, interview by RT.
70National Times, 25 November 1983, p. 29.
71KSP to RT, 16 June 1968, RTP.
72KSP to RT, 27 November 1966, RTP.
73KSP to RT, 18 August 1968, RTP.
74Tribune, 25 September 1968, p. 11.
75KSP to MA, 30 January 1960, USW.
76ASIO-KSP, vol. 7, pp. 9–10.
77Delys Cross, notes about KSP, RTP, MS8071/4/91.
78KSP to OK, 27 May 1962, USW.
79KSP to RT, 23 April 1967, RTP.
80KSP to RT, 3 November 1968, RTP.
81KSP to Karen Throssell, 18 August 1968, KSPP, MS6201/1/16.
82KSP to RT, 20 July 1968, RTP.
83‘Some Perceptions’, p. 236.
84ibid., p. 235.
85ibid., p. 244.
86KSP to Karen Throssell, 4 March 1967, KSPP, MS6201/1/16.
87KSP to RT, 4 July 1965, RTP; KSP to Karen Throssell, 25 February 1966, KSPP, MS6201/1/16.
88KSP to RT, 18 December 1968, RTP.
89KSP to RT, 29 December 1968, RTP.
90ibid.
91KSP to RT, 12 January 1969, RTP.
92KSP to RT, 19 January 1969, RTP.
39. ‘My Joy Will Be Complete’
1KSP to RT, 3 February 1969, RTP.
2KSP to RT, 9 February 1969, RTP.
3KSP to RT, 25 May 1969, RTP.
4KSP to RT, 9 March 1969, RTP.
5KSP to RT, 30 March 1969, RTP.
6KSP to RT, 4 May 1969, RTP.
7KSP to RT, 23 February 1969, RTP.
8Prichard, ‘A Writer’s’, p. 23.
9KSP to Beatrice Davis, 27 September 1969, ARCF, MLMSS 3269/vol. 592.
10KSP to Karen Throssell, 14 July 1969, KSPP, MS6201/1/16.
11Thomas, ‘KSP’, p. 55.
12KSP to RT, 22 June 1969, RTP.
13KSP to Catherine Duncan, [undated], KSPP, MS6201/10/24.
14Catherine Duncan to KSP, 14 August 1969, KSPP MS6201/10/24.
15KSP to Catherine Duncan, 23 September 1969, KSPP, MS6201/10/24.
16WW, p. xi.
17‘Son Destroys Author’s Work’, newspaper clipping, KWC.
18KSP to RT, 7 September 1969, RTP.
19John Joseph Jones, ‘A Pigeon Pair of Plays’, typescript, KWC.
20KSP to OK, 30 June 1969, USW.
21KSP to Tribune, 22 September 1969, USW.
22WW, p. 248.
23Jeffery, Inside; Pringle, ‘Zarubina’.
24KSP to RT, 26 September 1954, RTP.
25KSP to DS, 2 October 1969, WSP.
26Elizabeth Harris to Faye Davis, 7 October 1995, KWC.
27Amy Wells [sic – Barrett], interview by Joan Williams, JWP, MS5245A/169.
28Hewett, ‘Excess’, p. 28.
29Williams, ‘Rage’, p. 18.
30MFS, pp. 362–3.
Afterword
1Sun, ‘Points’.
2Watts, ‘Children’.
3KSP Writers Centre, Kaleidoscope.
4Karen Throssell, ‘Launch Speech’, KSP Writers’ Centre, 15 October 2019, https://www.kspwriterscentre.com/single-post/2019/10/15/congratulation-tokaleidoscope-winners (viewed March 2021).
5‘In Memory of W. B. Yeats’, Poets.org, 1940, https://poets.org/poem/memory-w-byeats (viewed March 2021).