Biographies & Memoirs

CHRONOLOGY

1274

Birth of Robert Bruce on 11 July.

1286

Death of Alexander III. Election of guardians. The Turnberry Bond.

1289

Treaty of Salisbury.

1290

Treaty of Birgham. Death of Maid of Norway. Edward I invited to arbitrate.

1291

Edward I accepted as superior lord of Scotland.

1292

Balliol crowned and renders homage. Edward I repudiates Treaty of Birgham.

1293

King John (Balliol) summoned before English Parliament and convicted of contumacy.

1294

War between Edward I and Philip IV of France. Welsh revolt.

1295

King John replaced by Council of Twelve. Treaty between France and Scotland. Bruce’s grandfather dies.

1296

Outbreak of war between England and Scotland. Sack of Berwick. King John abdicates. The Ragman Roll. Freeholders pay homage to Edward I.

1297

Insurrection. Andrew Moray, William Wallace. Capitulation of Irvine. Battle of Stirling Bridge. Andrew Moray dies of wounds.

1298

Wallace knighted and appointed guardian. Edward I invades Scotland. Battle of Falkirk. Bruce and Comyn appointed guardians.

1299

Lambert on third guardian. Scots take Stirling Castle.

1300

Bruce resigns guardianship. Replaced by de Umfraville. English invasion. Truce.

1301

Soulis appointed sole guardian. English invasion.

1302

Truce. Bruce submits to Edward I. Marries Elizabeth de Burgh.

1303

Battle of Roslin. Peace treaty between France and England, excluding Scots.

1304

Bruce’s father dies. Comyn surrenders. Bond between Bruce and Lamberton. Stirling captured by Edward I.

1305

Wallace captured and executed. New ordinance for government of Scotland.

1306

Death of Comyn. Douglas joins Bruce. Bruce crowned at Scone: defeated at battles of Methven and Dalry: escapes to Dunaverty and then Rathlin. His brother Nigel captured at Kildrummy Castle and executed. His wife, sisters and daughter captured at Tain.

1307

Bruce lands at Turnberry. Guerrilla war in southwest Scotland. His brothers Alexander and Thomas captured in Galloway and executed. Bruce defeats English at Glen Trool and Loudon Hill. Rising in Moray. Edward I dies. Bruce moves north, falls ill.

1308

Battle of Inverurie. ‘Herschip’ of Buchan. Battle of Brander. Earl of Ross submits to Bruce.

1309

St Andrew’s parliament. Scotland north of the Tay under Bruce’s control.

1310

Edward II invades Scotland.

1311

Bruce raids northern England.

1312

Bruce again raids northern England. Treaty of Inverness between Scotland and Norway.

1313

Bruce captures Perth. Reconquers southwest Scotland and Isle of Man.

1314

Douglas captures Roxburgh. Randolph captures Edinburgh. Battle of Bannockburn.

1315

Act of Succession. Marriage of Princess Marjorie. Edward Bruce invades Ireland.

1316

Edward Bruce crowned King of Ireland. Death of Princess Marjorie.

1316–17

Bruce in Ireland.

1318

Berwick taken by Scots. Edward Bruce slain in Ireland. Succession to Scottish throne settled on Princess Marjorie’s son Robert Stewart.

1319

Edward II besieges Berwick. Douglas and Randolph invade England. ‘The Chapter of Myton’. Two-year truce.

1320

The Declaration of Arbroath. Soulis’s onspiracy.

1322

Edward II’s last invasion of Scotland. Bruce raids England. Defeats Edward II at Old Byland, Yorkshire.

1323

Harclay attempts peace treaty. Executed by Edward II. Official negotiations lead to thirteen-year truce.

1324

Pope recognizes Bruce as King of Scotland. Queen Elizabeth gives birth to male heir.

1326

Treaty of Corbeil between France and Scotland. Succession to Scottish throne settled on David Bruce, remainder to Robert Stewart.

1327

Deposition of Edward II. Truce broken. Edward III advances on Scotland. Outwitted by Douglas and Randolph at Stanhope Park, Durham. Bruce invades Northumberland.

1328

Treaty of Edinburgh. Marriage of David Bruce to Edward III’s sister Joan.

1329

Death of Bruce, 7 June.

1330

Death of Douglas.

1332

Death of Randolph.

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