Notes

Chapter 1: "I've Been Shot"

1 insurance policy: Rothstein, p. 252.

1 list of companies: NY Sun, 10 November 1928, p. 3; NY Times, 9 November 9 1928, p. 27.

2 "To understand it ... a thousand enemies.": NY Times, 10 Nov., 1928, p. 19.

2 "with a passion ... he stood alone.": Ferber, p. 195.

3 Lindy's. In August 1921 immigrant Leo Lindemann opened Lindy's as a simple deli. Only after Al Jolson urged him to install seats did he convert Lindy's into a restaurant. "Because [Arnold Rothstein] spent so much time in Lindy's, many people thought Rothstein owned the restaurant," noted Ed Weiner in The Damon Runyon Story, "Even the newspapers reported that Lindy's was the property of the slain gambler. Naturally, Leo Lindeman ... was distressed at the printed misstatements and threatened to sue the papers for libel. He asked Damon [Runyon] for advice. For over a week, in every story he wrote on the murder, Runyon printed the names of the actual owners of the restaurant, and offered conclusive proof that Rothstein was in no way affiliated with Lindy's, except as a paying customer. Ironically, the so-called bad publicity the restaurant received as a result of the Rothstein shooting made Lindy's a Broadway institution with a national reputation."

3 "Mr. Rothstein comes ... little black book.": Clark, p. 182; Katcher, p. 3.

3 "Nobody knows ... hold of all of it.": Bloom, pp. 184, 207-09; Salwen, p. 230; Hoyt, p. 171; Clark, p. 86.

4 "if you have ... making money.": NY Sun, 5 November 1928, p. 29; Clarke, p. 302; Chafetz, p. 424.

5 betting, drugs: NY Sun, 3 December 1928, p. 20; Katcher, pp. 327-08.

6 "Arnold was very ... only for him.": Clarke, p. 284; Katcher, p. 6; Brooks, p. 10.

7 "Place ... Circle 3317.": NY Eve. Post, 5 November 1928, p. 8; NY Sun, 17 November 1928, p. 5; NY Times, 4 December 1929, p. 24; Katcher, pp. 3-4; Hoyt, p. 213. Scher thought the call came at 10:45, but he was clearly incorrect.

7 "Tell A. R.... with him.": Bloom, pp. 206-08; Clarke, p. 285; Rothstein, p. 250.

7 "There are phone calls . . . who listens?": Katcher, p. 3.

7 "I'm going ... half-hour.": Rothstein, p. 250.

8 "Rothstein ... waiting for his cheese.": Fowler (The Great Mouthpiece), p. 206.

8 Meehan's apartment: Rothstein's Time Square world was geographically very compact. The Congress Apartments are just two blocks south of the Park Central. The 15-story brick apartment house, its once-gleaming marble lobby still remarkably intact, is almost untouched save for seven decades of grime. Recently its mezzanine housed a talent agency for go-go girls, a far cry from the site's previous use, Grace Reformed Dutch Church.

8 $10/hour: Albany Times-Union, 10 November 1928, p. 2; Betts, p. 235.

9 Nate Raymond: NY Daily World, 6 November 1928, p. 16; NY Sun, 6 November 1928, p. 1; NY Eve. Post, 11 November 1928, p. 2; NY Times, 8 November 1928, p. 31; NY Times, 6 November 1928, p. 2; Blackie Sherrod, "The Days of Titanic Hustles," Dallas Morning News, 4 November 1999; Davis, p. 227; Ginsburg, pp. 261, 268, 271; Fried, pp. 2-5; Chafetz, p. 425.

10 "The sky ... limit.": NY Sun, 6 November 1928, p. 1

10 Total of losses: Albany Times-Union, 6 November 1928, pp. 1, 4; NY Daily News, 9 August 1940, page unknown; Katcher, pp. 319-22; Crouse, pp. 143-44; Betts, pp. 131-32.

10 "He was not a ... how he squawked.": Albany Times-Union, 10 November 1928, p. 2.

11 "Why you low rat ... welch this time.": Albany Times-Union, 6 November 1928, p. 4.

11 "Is this the . . . "; "couple of days.": Katcher, pp. 321-22.

11 "Arnold...";"... sweat a little.": NY Times, 6 November 1928, p. 2; NY Sun, 5 November 1928, p. 29; NY Daily Mirror, 5 November 1928, p. 2; Chafetz, p. 426.

12 NY Daily World, 5 November 1928, p. 2; NY Sun, 22 November 1928, p. 1; NY Daily Mirror, 5 November 1928, p. 2.

12 "McManus wants to see ... be right back.": NY Times, 6 November 1928, p. 2; Katcher, p. 3; Crouse, p. 141.

12 "walking down ... "; ". . . are taking him away.": NY Times, 6 November 1928, p. 2; NY Times, 18 November 1928, p. 24; NY Times, 3 December 1929, p. 26; Katcher, pp. 4-5; NY Times, 3 December 1929, p. 26; Clarke, p. 286; Rothstein, pp. 245-46. Park Central hotel physician Dr. Kenneth Hoffman also testified that Rothstein rebuffed numerous inquiries regarding his assailant. Hoffman's recalled that each time A. R. responded, "I haven't anything to say."

13 $1,025 cash: NY Times, 5 November 1928, pp. 1, 14; NY Times, 3 December 1929, p. 26; Clarke, p. 302. Eugene Reiman returned to Lindy's five minutes after Arnold. Whether A. R. had definite plans for extra cash-or simply desired it on general principles-was never explained.

14 "Come on, Monk...";"... trouble from here on in.": Fowler (Beau James), pp. 230-32. Coincidentally, twenty-two-year-old showgirl Starr Faithfull was Jimmy Walker's neighbor on Greenwich Village's St. Luke's Place.

Chapter 2: "Nobody Loves Me"

15 "You hate me." ... "... leave Harry here.": Katcher, pp. 18-19. Rothstein biographer Leo Katcher places the date at 1888 and A. R.'s age as six. This cannot be correct. The trip would have had to occur before Esther Rothstein's pregnancy with daughter Sarah.

15 San Francisco trip: ibid. pp. 18-19.

15 Abraham Rothstein: NY Times, 21 November 1939, p. 26; Crouse, p. 135. Katcher writes that "orphaned early by his father's death, [Abraham Rothstein] had left school to support his mother and his brothers and sisters." Both Harris and Rosa Rothstein actually lived long enough to witness their son's marriage.

16 "Abe the Just": Alexander (Jazz Age Jews), pp. 23-24.

16 "My father ... have tried to do.": Katcher, p. 12.

17 "When we married ... of course, came later.": Katcher, pp. 14-15; San Francisco Evening Bulletin, September 5, 1879, p. 4; San Francisco Morning Call, 23 December 1883, p. 7; death certificate, Esther Rothstein. Jacob Rothschild operated J. S. Rothschild & Co. with offices at 22 Sansome Street in downtown San Francisco and in Independence, California. The Rothschilds lived on Turk Street, near to downtown. Leo Katcher incorrectly gives Esther's maiden name as Kahn, her father's name as Simon, and the year of her marriage as 1878.

17 Birth of siblings: The Rothsteins lived at 202 W. 86th Street just before the turn of the century and at 63 W. 93rd Street just after it. A. R. still lived at home with his parents at both addresses Arnold's relationship with his family was not uniformly bad. "He was as fond of his brother Jack as of any other human being," Arnold's wife once recalled. (Rothstein, p. 248)

17 "Why, my son?" ... "... I ever really cried.": Katcher, p. 18-19.

18 "He did not like . . that superiority.": Crouse, p. 135.

18 "I'd do all the ... with numbers.": Katcher, p. 18.

18 "I've had enough . . Let Harry be a Jew.": Katcher, p. 20; Lacey, p. 77.

19 "We saw it everywhere ... Israel of Old": Quoted in Cohen (Tough Jews), p. 48 and in Fried, p. 37 fn.

19 Gangs and gang members: Asbury (Gangs of New York), passim. Sullivan was as Irish as he sounded. Smith was actually a Solomon.

19 Price list: Asbury (Gangs of New York), pp. 228, 331; Rockaway, p. 102. This matter-of-fact listing of crimes for hire was nothing new. In the 1880s Piker Ryan advertised prices: "punching $5; both eyes blacked $4; nose and jaw broke $10; jacked out (knocked out with a blackjack); $15; ear chewed off, $15; leg or arm broke, $19; shot in leg, $25; stab, $25; doing the big job [murder], $100 and up."

20 "I likes to ..." . . . ... my knucks off.": Fried, pp. 25-43; Sante, pp. 197-235; Rockaway, pp. 87-105; Cohen (Tough Jews), pp. 41-46; Morris (Incredible New York), pp. 281-83; Connable and Silberfarb, pp. 224-45; Logan, pp. 69, 73; Rockaway, pp. 93-105; Root (The Life and Bad Times of Charlie Becker), pp. 43-44; Harlow, pp. 501-06. Not all early-twentieth century New York gangs were Irish or Jewish. Paul Kelly (nee Paulo Antonio Vaccarelli) oversaw one of the city's earliest Italian gangs, allying himself politically with Tammany's Big Tim Sullivan. Perhaps in gratitude, State Senator Sullivan sponsored the nation's first Columbus Day holiday.

20 East Side criminals. Fried, pp. 25-28.

20 "Almost any child ..." ... "King of the Vice Trust": ibid. pp. 7-19. Not just the cadets were Jewish; so were many of the girls. A 1908-9 Magistrates Court survey of New York City prostitutes revealed that of 581 foreign-born prostitutes arraigned, 225 were Jewish.

21 Stuss was the Jewish version of the then-popular card game of faro. In faro, cards are drawn from a dealing box and matched against an enameled set of the thirteen ranks of the spade suit. Stuss differs from faro in that cards are dealt from a pack held facedown by a dealer and not from a dealing box. Faro, one of the oldest of gambling card games (it was played in the court of Louis XIV), had virtually disappeared by 1925.

22 "Not only ... crime everywhere.": Cohen (Tough Jews), p. 52.

Chapter 3: "Everyone Gambled"

23 "Gambling itself ... more its sale.": Alexander (Jazz Age Jews), pp. 24-25.

24 Theft of watch: Rothstein, pp. 19-20; Katcher, p. 20.

25 "Is there any ... almost nothing else?": Kohout, p. 27.

25 "The percentage . . . any player has.": Among the West 40s more colorful operators was old-time major league umpire Honest John Kelly, so named for once refusing a $10,000 bribe. Kelly moved from baseball to saloon-keeping and officiating at boxing matches. Kelly smelled a rat. Tammany leader Big Tim Sullivan had $13,000 on "Sailor Tom" Sharkey and warned Kelly to proceed. Kelly cancelled the fight anyway, and Sullivan ordered Honest John's West 41st Street gambling house raided and ransacked by New York's Finest. Despite such interruptions, Kelly operated his West 41st Street establishment until 1912 when a particularly violent police raid forced relocation to 156 W. 44th Street, an establishment christened the Vendome Club. There Kelly remained until 1922, the last of the old crowd, so revered that in his last four years of operation a uniformed policeman guarded his front door around the clock. When Honest John finally retired, he sold the property to the local Republican organization. (Asbury, Sucker's Progress, pp. 428-29, 432-34; Sante, p. 174; Lansche, pp. 40-41, 138, 144; Ivor-Campbell, p. 89)

27 "It is the finest ... their incipiency.": Asbury (Sucker's Progress), pp. 419-67; Chafetz, pp. 310-12; Davis, pp. 207-20; Sante, pp. 171-14; Morris (Incredible New York), pp. 259-72; Burns and Sanders, p. 203; Wolfe, pp. 247-48, 201, 207; Bloom, pp. 293-95; Jackson, p. 545. When the 5,300-seat Hippodrome opened in 1905, its owners proclaimed it the world's largest theater. It featured not only a huge stage but two circus rings and a good-sized water tank for aquatic extravaganzas. Its immensity proved a handicap, it was too large for patrons to view theatrical productions comfortably, and leaving it increasingly dependent on circuses and the like. It closed in 1939.

28 "Get the hell ..." ... "... So-and-So, didn't you?": Rothstein, p. 21; Sunny Smith's eventually became a saloon operated by heavyweight "Sailor Tom" Sharkey (see Chapter 6).

28 "I knew my ... I couldn't beat.": Clarke, p. 305.

29 Leaves home: Crouse, p. 135. Financier Jim Fisk was shot to death on the Broadway Central's grand staircase in 1872. Baseball's National League was founded there on February 2, 1876. The Broadway Central eventually degenerated into a welfare hotel. It collapsed in 1973, killing four persons and injuring nineteen.

29 Early gambling, cheating: Clarke, p. 17.

29 "Right away he ... a lot from him.": ibid. p. 296.

30 Meeting celebrities: ibid. p. 296. Among Rothstein's earliest Broadway haunts was Gentleman Jim Corbett's cafe, where he rubbed elbows with such stage people as now-forgotten vaudevillian Sam Bernard, (1863-1927) one of the premier vaudeville and stage comedians of his day. English-born, he reversed the usual pattern of anglicizing names, his original surname being Barnett. He enjoyed a brief film career in the 1910s.

30 Birth of Times Square: Taylor, pp. 305, 326; Laas, pp. 42-71; Wolfe, pp. 246-58; Eliot, pp. 75-79; http://www.nycsubway.org/irt/irthaer/impact-irt- 2.html.

30 Hammerstein's Victoria: Bloom, pp. 389-90; Hynd, pp. 101-2; Clarke, pp. 14-15; Katcher, pp. 22-24. The Victoria presented an incongruous mix of class and vulgarity. It might offer a play by Tolstoy or a performance by Eleanora Duse. But it also presented "performances" by scandal-plagued Evelyn Nesbit, heavyweight champ Jack Johnson, or the atrocious Cherry Sisters; various jugglers; a man with a seven-foot-long beard; whistling monkeys; Siamese twins-and worse. On the theater's rooftop, the Venetian Terrace Garden featured the city's first singing waiters, milkmaids, and live barnyard animals. "The ducks are even more blase than last year," noted the New York Dramatic Mirror, "but the chickens are most condescending and communicative."

Note: Leo Katcher implies that A. R. dropped out of Boys High School in 1898 to hang out in such places as the Victoria. However, the Victoria did not open until March 1899.

32 "I guess . . . on his side.": Katcher, p. 20. "It was always the biggest, toughest boys whom he treated [to favors]," brother Edgar recalled of Arnold's school days.

32 "When he ... than anything else.": Clarke, pp. 19-20.

33 "He loved ... later years.": NY World, 18 November 1928, p. 18.

33 Algonquin Circle: George S. Kaufman coauthored such Broadway hits as Beggar on Horseback, The Coconuts, Animal Crackers, The Royal Family, Dinner at Eight; Strike Up the Band, Of Thee I Sing, and The Solid Gold Cadillac. Edna Ferber's novels included So Big, Showboat, Cimarron, Giant, and The Ice Palace. Sherwood scripted the Humphrey Bogart vehicle, The Petrified Forest. In 1938 he won the Pulitzer Prize for his biography Abe Lincoln in Illinois. During World War II, Sherwood served as a speechwriter for FDR. Adams wrote a widely read column in the Tribune (and later the World) and created the phrase "Tinker to Evers to Chance." Harold Ross founded The New Yorker. Heywood Broun penned crusading columns for the Tribune and later the World. Wolcott reviewed the theatre for the Times and later became a major radio personality. Benchley's gentle humor, written originally for numerous magazines and newspapers eventually filled over a dozen hardcover volumes. He later moved on to a modestly successful movie career. The Algonquin Hotel's "Vicious Circle" often partied at Herbert Bayard Swope's Long Island estate. We shall soon meet Swope-as A. R.'s best man.

34 Jack's circle: Rothstein, p. 34. A. R. wasn't the only gambler at Jack's. Bald Jack Rose, Tom Shaughnessy, the always-entertaining Vernie Barton, and A. R.'s future partner Willie Shea (see Chapter 7) also attended. "Arnold waited for prospective players either in Jack's or Rector's, and had Willie Shea, as partner, to help," noted Carolyn Rothstein.

34 "a handsome, irresponsible . . . with his friends": Clarke, p. 16. Actress Louise Brooks claimed that Mizner stole many of his best witticisms from Grant Clarke, who created the phrase "Take him for a ride" for the first alltalking feature film, 1928's The Lights of New York. (Paris, p. 201 fn)

34 "There was ..." ... "... in Jack's restaurant.": Clarke, p. 16; NY Times, 20 October 1932, p. 21.

34 "balance a seidel ... and sundry.": Katcher, p. 43; NY Times, 7 December 1945, p. 22.

34 Clarke, Lessing: Katcher, p. 43; NY Times, 30 October 1940, p. 21.

35 Dorgan: NY Times, 2 February 1945, p. 19; Kahn (A Flame of Pure Fire), p. 318.

35 "Mizner had ... homes and houses." Johnston, p. 70.

35 Mizner career: Johnston, pp. 66, 107; Berton, pp. 376-77; Fowler (Skyline), p. 68.

37 "Always be nice ... something": http://www.quotegeek.com/Literature/Mizner_Wilson; http://www.cp-tel.net/ miller/BilLee/quotes/Mizner.html; http://www.thinkexist.com/english/Author/ x/Author_4400_l.htm; http://www.chesco.com/artman/mizner.html.

38-39 McGraw's billiard parlor: Doyle took over operation of McGraw's pool hall, moving it to Times Square (1456 Broadway) in 1917, where it remained until 1937. "In the '20s and '30s," wrote author Larry Ritter, "John Thomas Doyle was the nation's leading setter of betting odds on sporting events .. (Ritter, East Side, West Side, p. 144)

40 "I'll have you ... of us do.": NY World (thrice-a-week edition), 1 October 1920, p. 1; Clarke, pp. 21-22; Rothstein, pp. 105-06; Katcher, pp. 53-56; Alexander (John McGraw), pp. 119, 142.

Chapter 4: 'Why Not Get Married?"

41 Hotels, lake houses: Heimer, pp. 122-29.

42 Cavanagh: Alexander (Jazz Age Jews), pp. 28-29; Hotaling, pp. 165-66; http://www.lvrj.com/lvrj_home/2000/Mar-27-Mon-2000/business/ 13240801.html; Katcher, pp. 47-48.

42 Attell early career: Attell fought 168 times, winning 91 bouts (including 47 knockouts), losing 10 (3 knockouts), with 17 draws and 50 no-decisions. He last fought in 1917, just two years before helping fix the World Series. His greatnephew, Eric Matthew Thomsen, notes that Attell was not born "Albert Knoehr" as Eliot Asinof contends in Eight Men Out. The family name was indeed Attell.

43 Attell stranded: Bradley, p. 316.

43 Meets Carolyn Green, pp. 15-22.

43 Carolyn's background: 1900 NYC City Directory, p. 512; 1907 NYC City Directory; 1910 NYC City Directory, p. 572. Hollywood twice filmed silent versions of The Chorus Lady-in 1915, featuring the tragic Wallace Reid in his first role for Famous Players Lasky, and in 1924. In 1912 The Chorus Lady producer Henry Birkhardt Harris traveled to London to promote the career of its star, Rose Stahl. Return passage was aboard the Titanic. As it sank, Harris was refused entrance to a lifeboat. "All right, boys," he responded, "I must take my medicine. Women and children first in a game like this." His body was never recovered.

44 "I remember as ... ill or well.": Rothstein, p. 16.

44 "Arnold, at that ... with me.": ibid, pp. 18-19.

45 "He sent me ... any presents.": ibid, p. 22.

45 "How dare you ask ..." ... "... them after all.": Katcher, pp. 43-45. The Casino, where Carolyn played in Havana, was at Broadway and West 39th Street. The Chorus Lady opened at the Savoy at 112 West 34th Street. The play soon moved to the Garrick at 67 W. 35th Street. In the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries, the theater district ran much farther down Broadway than it does today.

46 "an intensely . . . zealot.": Rothstein, p. 44. Leo Katcher indicates that Abraham and Esther Rothstein then lived on West 84th Street. This is unlikely. They lived at 174 West 79th Street circa 1903-8 and at 127 Riverside Drive circa 1909-10.

46 "I was brought up . . . ". . . ". . . refuge and help": Rothstein, pp. 45-46. Meyer Greenwald was born in New York City in 1854 to Jonas and Hannah Greenwald, immigrants from Prussia. Jonas Greenwald, as well as Meyer's younger brother Isaac, were also butchers. Carolyn was presumably named after Meyer's younger sister Caroline.

46-47 "My son ... man," ... Will ... me?": Katcher, pp. 43-45.

47 Swope background: Kahn (Man of the World), pp. 83-116; Lewis (Man of the World), pp. 4-14.

48 "She was ... I know.": Kahn (Man of the World), p. 122; Lewis (Man of the World), p. 122.

48 "Arnold Rothstein" ... "I'm an abolitionist," Lewis (Man of the World), p. 20; Rothstein marriage license, Saratoga Springs Clerk's Office.

49 Justice Bradley: 1908 Saratoga City Directory, 86; 1909 Saratoga City Directory, p. 89. Justice Bradley's former home remains remarkably well preserved. The color has changed, but it is very easy to picture it as Arnold and Carolyn viewed it on their wedding day.

49 "I was wearing ... rather long": Rothstein, pp. 24-25.

49 Rothstein wedding: Rothstein, pp. 24-25; Kahn (The World of Swope), pp. 122. Perhaps out of professional courtesy, the Telegraph excluded Swope and Pearl from its account.

50 "I don't ... I'm paying.": Katcher, p. 51.

50 "I had this ... Gambling did it.": NY American, 5 January 1934.

50 "I don't feel well.": Rothstein, pp. 30-32, Clarke, p. 25; Katcher, p. 51.

Chapter S: "I've Got Plans"

52 "Rats ... around a stable.": Rothstein, pp. 30-34. Rothstein respected not only Farley's loyalty but his intellect, and paid his way through Columbia University. (NY World, 23 November 1928, p. 16)

53 Sullivan: Rothstein wisely maintained his strongest political ties with New York City's dominant political party, the Democrats, but also transacted business with Republicans. As early as 1912 he loaned money to local Republican activist Billy Halpin-with Halpin's notes witnessed by longtime Secretary of the United States Senate and former Brooklyn Republican Congressman Charles Goodwin Bennett.

54-55 "When you've voted ... four votes.": Harlow, p. 505, Katcher, p. 74.

54 Sullivan career: Harlow, pp. 487-508; Sante, pp. 268-73; Werner, pp. 438-40; Connable and Silberfarb, pp. 221, 224-25; Allen (The Tiger), p. 181. Sullivan controlled a national entertainment network. He owned numerous vaudeville, movie, and burlesque houses, as well as a racing stable and part of Dreamland, Coney Island's spectacular but short-lived amusement park.

55 Rothstein meets Sullivan: Logan, p. 60; Fried, pp. 23-24; Arnold Rothstein: A Chronology of His Life and Gambling Career, p. 23.

56 "I used to sit ... long stops.": Rothstein, p. 34.

57 "Bet-a-Million" Gates: Gates made his fortune in barbed wire, but made even more in the Spindletop oil field, in railroading, and developing Port Arthur, Texas. His 1911 funeral was held in the grand ballroom of the Plaza Hotel.

57-58 "I wouldn't ... "... "... Arnold and me.": NY World (thrice-a-week edition), 1 October 1920, P. 1; Katcher, pp. 52, 59-62; Bauchle denied Shea's allegations vigorously: "You can say for me that I have not been in Rothstein's house since last September. Prior to that I played there a few times, but if I had any privileges that other players didn't have I didn't know it."

58 "Shea's on the ..." ... "... to do that.": NY American, 8 November 1910; Katcher, pp. 59-63; Rothstein, pp. 36-37; Clarke, pp. 25-26. "Okay, Coakley," was a favorite Rothstein expression, a variant on the universally popular "okey dokey."

60 "The house ... we could quit.": Rothstein, pp. 37-38.

61 Rothstein's patrons: Katcher, p. 63.

61 Lillian Lorraine: Katcher, p. 63; Carter, pp. 18-19, 42, 44, 64; Higham, pp. 82-84; Spitzer, p. 30; Louvish, p. 194.

62 Practical joke on Lorraine: Rothstein, pp. 140-01; Clark, p. 187. On another occasion Rothstein phoned Reuben's, impersonating a famous actress. He ordered 300 sandwiches and a barrel of herrings to be delivered to an address on West 49th Street. Reuben took personal direction of the order-and found himself delivering it to the horses' entrance of Madison Square Garden.

Arnold also delighted in making such calls to Carolyn Rothstein. The Friday before his murder, he left a message he was the Prince of Wales. She knew without hesitation it was him (Arnold Rothstein: A Chronology of His Life and Gambling Career, p. 23).

63 Lorraine at the track: Katcher, pp. 63-65; Clarke, pp. 216-24.

64 Percival Hill episode: Katcher, pp. 65-71.

Chapter 6: "He'll Crucify the Big Feller"

66 "Clubber" Williams: O'Connor, pp. 95-96; Lardner and Reppetto, pp. 69-70, 97-98, Davis, p. 214; Logan, pp. 106-07. In an era of commonplace police brutality, Williams set the departmental standard. He once observed: "There is more law in the end of a policeman's nightstick than in a decision of the Supreme Court."

67 Price of promotions: The NYPD abolished the position of roundsman (equivalent to the military rank of corporal) in 1905, promoting all roundsmen to sergeant. All sergeants (including Becker) became lieutenants.

67 Big Bill Devery: In 1902 Devery and Farrell used their political connections to become owners of New York's new American League franchise, the Highlanders-now the Yankees. Until the late 1890s, Frank Farrell had been only a Sixth Avenue saloonkeeper. But when his friend, Tammany's Asa Bird Gardiner, won the district attorney's office in 1897 on the platform "To Hell With Reform!" Farrell took full advantage of the times-and of his closeness to the new D.A-by teaming with Devery in the pool-hall business. Farrell eventually owned 250 pool halls and, for good measure, operated a gambling house on West 33rd Street, near the old Waldorf-Astoria. His gambling house, "The House with the Bronze Door," remodeled under Stanford White's supervision, was rivaled only by Richard Canfield's opulent East 44th Street casino. Farrell's close connections to Big Tim Sullivan hurt him neither in running gambling houses nor in preventing other Tammany factions from encroaching on the land where he would build Hilltop Field. Devery and Frank Farrell retained the team until January 1915, when they dumped the Highlanders on former East Side Congressman Colonel Jacob Ruppert and Captain T. L. Huston. They received $460,000 for the ball club they purchased for just $18,000. (Pietrusza, Major Leagues, pp. 168-70, 175-76; Graham, The New York Giants, pp. 19-33; Graham, The New York Yankees, pp. 3-5; Asbury, Sucker's Progress, pp. 451-54; Sante, p. 172)

68 "There's been ... he looks.": Allen (The Tiger), p. 197. Prohibition crusader Carry Nation visited Devery headquarters to inexplicably endorse his candidacy. "He isn't a Republican or a Democrat or anything like that," she told the stunned crowd, "-he's a Prohibitionist." Mrs. Nation then ordered her audience to throw away their "filthy cigarettes and cigars." They obeyed.

69 Becker's early life: Jonathan Root's One Night in July records that Becker met Rothstein at this time. As A. R. was roughly eleven, that is unlikely.

69 Becker arrests Dora Clark: No blacks were appointed to the NYPD until 1911.

71 "That's your share ..." ........ much they paid.": Logan, p. 108-18; Root (One Night in July), pp. 33-41; Berryman, pp. 145-46; NY Times, 18 July 1912, p. 2; Wertheim and Sorrentino, pp. 222-24; Colvert, pp. 97-99; Davis (Red Badge of Courage), pp. 155-67. From 1904 through 1907, Charles Whitman presided as magistrate at the same Jefferson Market Police Court where Charles Becker had accused Dora Clark. There Whitman learned firsthand why cops like Becker falsely arrested persons, quite often prostitutes and professional petty criminals. The accused, not wishing to spend the night in jail, would secure bail. Bondsmen would then split their fees with arresting officers and local police captains. In court the following morning, the arresting officer would conveniently present so little and such unconvincing evidence that the defendant would go free. When Whitman discovered this scam, he lobbied the state legislature to institute a system of night courts, to accelerate the judicial process and reduce fraudulent arrests and bail bonding.

72 "outward order and decency.": Thomas, passim. Gaynor won the mayoralty with just 43 percent of the vote. Lackluster Republican Otto Bannard received 30 percent. William Randolph Hearst, the Independence League candidate, received 27 per cent.

73 Cropsey: Cropsey's appointment probably came about because Gaynor mistook him for someone else. He replaced William E Baker. Baker is remembered as owner of the bedraggled Philadelphia Phillies and namesake of its equally bedraggled ballpark, Baker Bowl.

72 Strong-arm squads: The Triangle Shirtwaist Fire occurred on Waldo's watch as Fire Commissioner.

72 Rose, Selig: In November 1910 Rose served as President of Second Avenue's premier gambling club while Herman Rosenthal served as treasurer. When police raided the place, the club succeeded in going to court to have the occupation lifted. According to the New York Telegraph, Rose stated, "the club was used for the promotion of social intercourse. Among its many members, he stated, were prominent citizens. It was further shown that liberal contributions were made to many charitable institutions and that the club did much to ameliorate conditions in its immediate neighborhood." (NY Telegraph, 3 November 1910, p. 5)

73 "a Harlem negro gambling resort.": NY World, 16 July 1912, p. 3; NY Times, 21 July 1912, p. 2. The word "resort" then possessed a different, less grand, meaning. Bridgey Webber's poolroom above 42nd Street's United Cigar Store was also commonly referred to as a "resort."

73 "The first ... you to do.": NY World, 15 July 1912, pp. 1-2; NY World, 17 July 1912, p. 3; NY World, 10 October 1912, p. 6; NY Times, 19 July 1912, p. 2; Klein, p. 9; Root (One Night in July), p. 28.

74 "Get that . . . out of town.": Rothstein and Tom Foley were well used to working with each other. When Rothstein issued his first bail bond in 19 10for confidence man "Plunk" Drucker-it was at Foley's behest.

74 "The Big ... here." ... "I'm staying right here.": Katcher, pp. 80-81.

75 "You're not ... ... ... go to hell," ibid, pp. 83-84.

75 "In that ... District Attorney." Rothstein, p. 54.

76 Rosenthal at the Metropole: Fried, pp. 23-24; Root (One Night in July), p. 15; Crane, pp. 127-28. Carolyn Rothstein reported that A. R. believed that if George Considine had been present at his establishment, Rosenthal's shooting would have never occurred. "George would have stopped it," Arnold said of his longtime friend.

76 "Can you ... Herman?": NY World, 16 July 1912, pp. 1-2. It's often incorrectly alleged that the Rosenthal case was the first use of an automobile in a murder. "Spanish Louis" (John C. Lewis), a brutish Rosenthal henchman, met his death on East 11th Street on April 29, 1910. His murderers used a Pierce Arrow to escape.

76 Police at the Metropole: Any number of unlikely characters were on the scene. Least likely was owlish young New York Times reporter (and future drama critic) Alexander Woollcott, model for the insufferable "Sheridan Whiteside" in Moss Hart's play, The Man Who Came to Dinner. "I shall always remember the picture of that soft, fat body wilting on the sidewalk with a beer-stained tablecloth serving as its pall . . .," Woollcott would write, "Just behind me an oldtimer whispered ... `From where I stand,' he said, `I can see eight murderers.' "(Woollcott, p. 212)

77 "I got the license ............. I thought-": Klein, p. 14; Logan, p. 33; Root (One Night in July), pp. 21-22.

77 "I accuse ... conviction can result.": Root (One Night in July), pp. 65-66; Crane, pp. 129-130.

78 "Shapiro told me ... getaway.": NY Times, 19 July 1912, p. 2.

79 "Do you believe ... told you already.": Ibid.

79 "a very well ... Rosenthal left off.": NY Times, 19 July 1912, p. 2; Root (One Night in July), p. 87.

79 "investigating a ... investigation.": NY Times, 23 July 1912, p. 2. Tammany also gave Whitman its nomination in 1913 as he sought reelection as district attorney.

80 Shortly after the Triangle Shirtwaist trial, Steuer bought a former German protestant church on the Lower East Side that Bald Jack Rose had turned into a boxing club, the "Houston Athletic Club." Steuer converted it into the National Theatre. Ironically (in view of Steuer's defense work in the Triangle Shirtwaist case), in February 1913, his projectionist literally yelled "fire" in a crowded theater-and two persons died. In 1915 Steuer escaped disbarment for coaching a witness in a palimony suit against theatrical producer Abe Erlanger. (littp://www.villagevoice.com/issues/0151/goldfein.php; Mitgang, pp. 198-99; Fowler (Beau James), pp. 278-79; Walsh, p. 244.

81 "yield[ing] to the ... represent them.": NY Times, 17 July 1912, p. 1; Root (One Night in July), p. 109; Logan, p. 123; Klein, pp. 34-36.

81 Schepps: NY World, 1 August 1912, pp. 1, 2; NY World, 13 Aug 1912, pp. 1, 2; NY World, 14 August 1912, pp. 1, 2; NY World, 15 August 1912, pp. 1, 2; NY World, 19 August 1912, pp. 1, 2; Schepps reached Hot Springs, Arkansas before being arrested. Police issued this picturesque description of the fugitive: "Sam Schepps. American Hebrew, occupation enlarger of photos, real estate or other agent or salesman, gambler, aged 35 years, height 5 feet 7 inches, weight 145 to 150 pounds, slender build, light complexion, skin a little rough, light hair, blue eyes, large nose, wears nose glasses [a pince-nez], one eye a little crossed, gold filling in teeth, smooth shaven, intelligent, smooth talker, dresses neatly, wears considerable jewelry, constant frequenter of theatres, associate of sporting men, vaudeville actors, etc., accustomed to good living, spends much time in Turkish baths, incessant cigarette smoker." (NY Times, 25 July 1912, p. 2)

81 "You have ... he belonged.": NY Times, 27 July 1912, p. 2. At one point Gaynor wrote Waldo: "But, my dear Mr. Commissioner, remember that the Mayor has every confidence in you and sustains you."

82 "I cannot help ... man must be": NY Times, 2 August 1912, p. 2; Thomas, pp. 416-19, 424-27; Root (One Night in July), p. 72. The Rosenthal murder case, and the prominence it gave to Lower East Side gamblers, thugs, and pimps prompted deep soul-searching within New York's Jewish community. The city's short-lived Kehillah instituted a "Bureau of Social Morals" to uplift behavior. The Kehillah's detective bureau compiled a detailed record of Jewish criminality. Of Segal's Cafe, a Second Avenue hangout for such criminals as Jack Zelig, a bureau investigator wrote that "regardless of the law ... [someone should] plant a 14-inch gun and shoot the damn basement and its hoard of carrion into perdition." Today, the Bureau's records reside at Jerusalem's Hebrew University (Fried, pp. 1-7, 76-81).

82 Sulzer: NY Times, 19 September 1913, p. 1-2; Weiss, pp. 59-63; Connable and Silberfarb, pp. 253, 255; Allen (The Tiger), pp. 210, 221. The ambitious Sulzer had attempted to secure the 1900 Democratic vice-presidential nomination, but his boomlet collapsed when Tammany's Richard Croker jibed, "[William Jennings] Bryan and Sulzer! How long before everybody would be saying `Brandy and Selzer?' " (Easton, p. 186)

83 Sullivan death, funeral: NY Times, 17 July 1913, p. 7; NY Times, 14 September 1913, pp. 1-2; NY Times, 15 September 1913, p. 9; NY Times, 16 September 1913, p. 5; NY Times, 18 September 1913, p. 6; Harlow, pp. 520-22; Werner, pp. 509-10; Logan, p. 233; Klein, p. 340.

83 Gaynor: Thomas, pp. 489-95; Connable and Silberfarb, p. 255.

84 Zelig death: Root (One Night in July), pp. 132-33; Logan, pp. 170-02; Crane, pp. 131-12. Some contend that Zelig's demise may not have been connected to the Rosenthal case, instead linking it to two enemies within his own gang, Jack Sirocco and Chick Tricker. In December 1911 they dispatched Julie Morrell to kill Zelig, but instead Zelig lured Morrell to a Second Avenue dance hall. The lights went out, and a single bullet entered Morrell's heart.

84 "Well, it ... gone [framed]": Klein, p. 63; Root (One Night in July), p. 163.

84 "All that's ... to fear.": NY World, 12 October 1912, pp. 1-3; Klein, p. 64; Logan, p. 130; Root (One Night in July), p. 106.

85 "Hello ... congratulate you.": NY World, 12 October 1912, p. 2; Klein, p. 130; Root (One Night in July), pp. 107, 171, 203, 219; Crane, p. 136.

85 "It was ... future squealers.": NY World, 12 October 1912, p. 2; Klein, p. 131; Logan, p. 130; Root (One Night in July), p. 107.

85 "I don't ... or anything": NY World, 12 October 1912, p. 2; Klein, p. 120; Root (One Night in July), pp. 161-62.

85 Becker guilty: NY World, 12 October 1912, p. 3; NY World, 14 October 1912, pp. 1, 2; Root (One Night in July), pp. 118-19; Fried, pp. 81. Goff had served as counsel to the 1894 Lexow investigation of city corruption.

86 ".... the defendant .... law and discretion.": 210 N.Y.P. 289.

86 "There was a ... to him.": Klein, p. 149; Root (One Night in July), p. 291.

86 Executions: Klein, pp. 290-13; Root (One Night in July), pp. 270,279-80,284.

86-87 New defense team: Logan, pp. 252-53, 256-58; Root (One Night in July), pp. 271; Mitgang, pp. 103-04. In 1890 Cockran defended William Kemmler, a Buffalo vegetable dealer charged with murdering his common-law wife. Kemmler would become the first man executed in an electric chair, and electricity interests feared his death would give their new product a bad name. George Westinghouse thus hired Cockran to save Kemmler from having 2,000 volts pumped through his body. Cockran failed, and Kemmler was duly executed-using a Westinghouse generator (http://www.crimelibrary.com/ notorious_murders/not_guilty/chair/5.html?sect= 14 ).

87 "all them ... in New York.": Klein, pp. 293-314; Logan, p. 266; Root (One Night in July), pp. 289-91.

87-88 Whitman elected: Whitman defeated incumbent Governor Martin Glynn and the disgraced William Sulzer (running on the Prohibition and American Party tickets). In that same election, Samuel Seabury won a seat on the Court of Appeals. The year before he bolted the Democratic Party, running-and losing-for the same office as a Progressive. In 1914, after presiding at the Becker trial, he ran-and won-with Tammany backing.

88 "My private telephone ... I could.": Klein, pp. 128, 379; Logan, pp. 301-06; Root (One Night in July), pp. 297-99, 303. The July 29, 1915 New York Times reported: "Mr. Whitman had evidence of the Circle Theatre conference at the time of the second trial, but could not bring it out because Becker failed to take the stand. This conference was held on the Sunday night before Rosenthal was murdered. It was on this occasion Becker urged `Big Tim' Sullivan not to raise a sum of money to send the gambler out of the city. This was known to the District Attorney's office all along, together with the motive for Becker's admonition. Becker at that time had arranged for Rosenthal's murder the following night." Becker's account actually confirms Rosenthal's account, explaining why Herman was so incensed at Becker's shakedowns. Becker wasn't just extorting Beansy. With Big Tim being Beansy's partner; Becker was also shaking down "The Big Feller" himself. No wonder Sullivan's henchmen were so eager to sacrifice Becker.

90 Helen Becker: NY World, 2 August 1912, pp. 1, 2; NY World, 13 August 1912, pp. 1-3. The one decent thing about Charles Becker was his love for his third wife, Helen Lynch Becker. It may have been that love, and his desire to prevent her from seeing the real Lieutenant Becker, that prevented him from ever coming clean about himself and thus cutting a lifesaving deal. For her husband's funeral Helen Becker prepared a brass plate to lay upon his casket. It read: "CHARLES A. BECKER, MURDERED JULY 30, 1915, BY GOVERNOR WHITMAN." Police made her remove it.

91 "about to be ..." ... "... how to die." Clarke, p. 31; Logan, pp. 320-4; Root (One Night in July), pp. 309-11.

91 "Well, that's it.": Clarke, p. 31; Root (One Night in July), pp. 312-13; Logan, p. 340.

Chapter 7: "Let's Go Look for Some Action"

92-93 Long Beach gambling house: http://www.lihistory.com/spectown/hist003n.htm; http://www.paragonragtime.com/castle.html. Reynolds became mayor of Long Beach in 1922. Found guilty of financial improprieties while in office, his conviction was overturned on appeal.

92 Vernon (1887-1918) and Irene (1893-1969) Castle were the premier preWorld War I dance team. Vernon, a British national, enlisted in the Royal Flying Corps in 1916. He flew 150 combat missions safely, but died in an aerial exhibition in Texas in February 1918.

93 "People like ... let them.": Rothstein, pp. 55, 135; Betts, p. 231; Katcher, pp. 109-10.

93-94 "Mr. Rothstein is ..." ... "... owe me anything.": Rothstein, p. 135.

94 Partridge Club clientele: NY Times, 27 February 1918, p. 22; Rothstein, pp. 46-47; Katcher, p. 108; Thomson and Raymond, p. 74. Lew Fields (1867-1941) and Joe Webber (1867-1942) comprised Webber and Fields, America's most popular "Dutch" (German or "Deutsch") vaudeville dialect act at the turn of the century. After they split up in 1904, Fields became one of Broadway's most prominent musical-comedy producers.

95 "one of the ... sporting game": NY Journal-American, 19 April 1946. Actually, the Partridge Club began in 1903, but only then as a rather, modest, informal affair.

95 "My dear Arnold ... THAT SORT OF THING.": Thomson and Raymond, p. 75.

96 "We counted on ...and our inexperience.": NY World, 20 December 1912.

96 chemin de fer: Rothstein, p. 47.

96 Lowden: Katcher, pp. 108-09.

96 "that Nat Evans . . . and be fleeced.": NY American, 22 February 1918. Evans and Tobin were also Rothstein's partners in Saratoga's The Brook gambling house (See Chapter 9).

96-97 Bauchle a front: NY Times, 21 February 1918, p. 9; NY Times, Feb 27, 1918, p. 22; NY Times, 7 March 1918, p. 9.

97-98 "Dear Arnold ... and never will.": NY Herald, 1 April 1922; NY World, 2 April 1922; NY American, 25 June 1922; NY Times, 9 January 1923, p. 25; Thomson and Raymond, pp. 76-79.

98 "I don't ... your money.": NY Times, 28 April 1939, p. 16; Thomson and Raymond, pp. 59-60; Katcher, pp. 224, 304; Clarke, pp. 79-80; Fowler (The Great Mouthpiece), passim.

99 "Arnold lent ... six percent.": Rothstein, pp. 31, 150. The Selwyn Theatre's career as a legitimate house was short-lived. By the 1930s it converted to burlesque and motion pictures. In 2000, however, renamed as the American Airlines Theater, it again functioned as a legitimate Broadway house.

99 "He [Rothstein] had ... loved it.": Katcher, pp. 274-45. In July 1928 Murphy answered the bell at his Chicago home. Nobody was there. Before closing the door, he was riddled with machine gun bullets from a passing car. Some said it was revenge for the 1920 slaying of rival labor racketeer Maurice "Mossie" Enright.

99 Break the lease: NY World, 9 November 1928, p. 18. White's productions ran exclusively at the New Apollo from 1923 through 1928. In 1931 the New Apollo featured Charming Pollock's The House Beautiful. Dorothy Parker's New Yorker review ran as follows: "The House Beautiful is The Play Lousy."

100 "I'm not in ..." ... "... to be protected.": NY World, 9 November 1928, p. 18; Rothstein, pp. 150-01; Katcher, pp. 303-74; Waller, Fats Waller pp. 72-73. The Fulton Theater became the Helen Hayes Theater. It is not the current Helen Hayes Theater, which is the former Little Theater. The Fulton/Helen Hayes was demolished in 1982.

100 Ray Miller: NY Sun, 12 November 1928, p. 3; NY Times, 6 December 1935, p. 5. In December 1935 Supreme Court Judge Lauer ruled that Rothstein's estate remained liable for the $76,000, even though the original agreement was purely oral. "There was testimony," said Lauer, "that Rothstein, who was a notorious gambler, had a code of honor, according to his standards, to which he meticulously adhered. The indemnity company [the New York Indemnity Company], it appears, knew of this quality in the deceased, had tested him and found his word or oral pledge dependable. This would tend to afford a reason for the acceptance by the indemnity company of an oral arrangement in a transaction of this magnitude rather than an insistence upon a written agreement, which might otherwise be regarded as a usual course of procedure."

101 "Why don't ..." ... "... You can't lose.": NY World, November 9 1928, p. 18; Rothstein, p. 151; Waller (Fats Waller), p. 72; Bordman, p. 437. Shuf- flin' Along featured Eubie Blake, Noble Sissle, Fats Waller, and Florence Mills in its Broadway incarnation and Josephine Baker and Paul Robeson in touring companies. Rothstein's death in November 1928 left Keep Shufflin's road cast stranded in Chicago.

101-2 "The cops like me." ... "... don't, we do!": Thomson and Raymond, p. 67; Rothstein, p. 151. Gottlieb, pp. 79-80; Katcher, p. 209; Walker, p. 86. The Backstage was Billy Rose's first nightclub, opened with royalties earned from writing "Barney Google with his goo goo googly eyes" with Con Conrad. Duffy later managed heavyweight Primo Carnera. Joe Frisco (1889-1958), a popular comedian and dancer of the time, specialized in a stuttering act. Helen Morgan (1900-1941) won fame as a speakeasy chanteuse, but also had a career in film and on Broadway. In Showboat in 1927 she introduced the songs "Can't Help Lovin' Dat Man" and "Bill."

102 "Good ... boy," ... "... pay the principal.": NY World, 10 November 1928, p. 2.

103 "Often on ... profit": Rothstein, pp. 73-74.

Chapter 8: "Take Any Price"

104 Havre de Grace: NY Times, 22 September 1912, Sect. 3, p. 2; NY Times, 23 September 1912, p. 3; NY Times, 25 September 1912, p. 9; Betts, p. 231; Rothstein, pp. 230-01; Katcher, p. 122; Conversation with David R. Craig, 18 November 2002. Laurel (1911), Havre de Grace (1912), and Bowie (1914) opened within four years of each other. Maryland authorities, led by Attorney General Edgar Allan Poe, attempted to close Havre de Grace shortly after it opened, but it remained in business. The track remained profitable until Eddie Burke's death in the late 1940s. It closed in 1950.

105 Arnold handed over his remaining 75 shares to Carolyn, providing her with a handsome yield. She retained them until their divorce proceedings began. After Arnold's murder, she got them back, and their sale eventually netted her $33,000.

106 "[Omar Khayyam's jockey Everett] ... front to stay": NY Times, 19 October 1917, p. 10; Katcher, pp. 119-122; http://www.secondrunning.com/ Hourless%20and%2OMike%2OHall.htm.

107 Hourless: New York Sun reporter Edward C. Hill penned the original print account of A. R.'s Hourless coup. It included the patently false contention that Hildreth and Rothstein had not previously known each other-a detail probably meant to draw attention from their manipulation of events.

108 "For all ... standing deserved.": Eliot, p. 14. The name Belmont was part of the family's social climbing. Belmont Sr. was originally "August Schoenberg." "Schoenberg" and "Belmont" both meant "beautiful mountain." But a French surname possessed greater cache and was less visibly Jewish.

109 "I would ... Mr. Belmont.": Clarke, pp. 105-06; Katcher, pp. 136-37; Rothstein, pp. 99-101; Betts, p. 231.

111 "While [Rothstein] is a . . ." . . . "a liability, Arnold,": Lewis (Man of the World), p. 54; Kahn (The World of Swope), p. 118. Leo Katcher places this incident in 1921-following the World Series fix ("You know what people are saying, Arnold. And what they're thinking. Half the country believes you were the man who fixed the World Series."). In view of the date of Swope's letter, Katcher's date and quote must be considered incorrect.

112 "Please believe ... honest mistake.": Betts, p. 226.

112 "See, you can't ..." ... . .. somin-a-bitch-a Rothastein.": Betts, pp. 231-33.

112 Close shave, Polo Grounds: Clarke, pp. 302-03.

113 "Ha! Ha!" ... Belmont Park today?": ibid. pp. 296-97; Rothstein, p 105.

113 "And every ... after that." Clarke, pp. 87-88.

113-14$10,000 5-2 bet: Betts, p. 234.

114 "without batting an eye.": NY Sun, 6 November 1928, p. 3. Snob II had a way of disappointing bettors. In the 1922 Belmont it went off as a commanding 1-3 favorite, only to finish second.

114 "Their findings ..." ........ over a telephone.": Rothstein, pp. 88-91.

115 Will Davis: Katcher, pp. 220-23.

117 Redstone Stables: The first horse A. R. owned was Virile, acquired on November 16, 1916 from Sidney Stajer. (Thomson and Raymond, p. 62)

117 "Almost everyone ... the stars.": NY World (thrice-a-week edition), 1 October 1920, p. 1; NY World, 9 November 1928, p. 18; Betts, p. 224. Star Shoot sired two chestnut colts in the National Museum of Racing Hall of Fame: Grey Lag, owned successively by Max Hirsch and Harry Sinclair, and Sir Barton, the first Triple Crown winner (in 1919). The problem with being the first Triple Crown winner is that at the time no one realized such an accolade existed.

117 "a primrose jacket and ... ... ... should have won.": Rothstein, pp. 80-84; Clarke, pp. 102-03. Latonia operated in Covington, Kentucky, across the Ohio River from Cincinnati. Its purses were so large that it challenged the primacy of the New York tracks until August Belmont persuaded the track's new owners to scale them back. It ceased operations in January 1942.

119-22 "What a great day ..." ... "... a strange man.": NY World, 24 August 1927, p. 6; Clarke, pp. 92-99; Betts, pp. 223-25; Katcher, pp. 124-31; Rothstein, pp. 78-79, 84-88; Crouse, p. 137. Carolyn Rothstein informs us that A. R. wanted to go his own way that night-and from her telling, that was about it. Leo Katcher provides a different version-that on their way home from the track A. R. turned to her and said, "This is my lucky day. I feel it in my bones. I think I'll find a game tonight. Do you mind if I don't take you to dinner?" At that, Katcher contends, Carolyn exploded, and A. R. was forced to take her to Delmonico's. Then he went out for a game.

Chapter 9: "Chicken Feed"

123 Saratoga casinos: Saratogian, 19 March 1972. Soon after opening, Moon's became the birthplace of the potato chip when Cornelius Vanderbilt complained that his french fries weren't crispy enough. This enraged chef George Crum, who retaliated by slicing his potatoes paper-thin before frying them and serving them to Vanderbilt. The millionaire-and the rest of the worldthought they were great.

124 "The entrance . . . every direction.": Evelyn Barrett Britten, "Farm Was Showplace," Saratogian, circa 1969, Collection of the City Historian Saratoga Springs.

124 "The cuisine ... on the menu.": Saratogian, 19 March 1972.

124-25 "the United States ... unconscious of nerves.": Hotaling, p. 219.

126 "According to testimony ... as police officials.": Saratogian, 31 July 1919, p. 1.

126 "Reports that ... with fresh paint.": Saratogian, 5 August 1920, p. 3.

127 Heffernan investigation: NY Times, 10 August 1926, p. 4; NY Times, 11 August 1926, p. 1; NY Times, 12 August 1926, p. 3; NY Times, 1 October 1926, p. 25; Saratogian, 7 August 1917, p. 1; Saratogian, 31 July 1919, pp. 1, 2; Saratogian, 9 August 1920, p. 1; Saratogian, 18 August 1920, p. 1; Saratogian, 9 August 1926, pp. 1, 2; Saratogian, 10 August 1926, pp. 1, 2; Saratogian, 11 August 1926, pp. 1, 2; Saratogian, 12 August 1926, pp. 1, 3; Saratogian, 13 August 1926, p. 1; Bradley, pp. 322-23; Heimer, pp. 209-10. Testifying reluctantly before judge Heffernan was Saratoga Springs Mayor Clarence Knapp, who admitted to visiting both The Brook and the Arrowhead Inn, but claimed he saw no evidence of gambling at either site. Police Chief James L. Sullivan testified that he sent men to inspect such establishments, but they found nothing. "Do you really believe there was no gambling there?" asked Heffernan. "I do," Sullivan responded, "I took the word of the policemen."

127 Nick the Greek's early career: Collier's, 2 April 1954, p. 73; Collier's, 16 April 1954, pp. 86-87; Davis, pp. 229-230; http://www.thegoodgambling- guide.co. uk/spotlight/players/nickthegree k. htm;

http://www.lasvegassun.com/sun50/remembers102700.html. Bradley, p. 305; Heimer, p. 213.

128 "As long as the ... welcome visitor": Davis, p. 230; Katcher, pp. 113-14; Rothstein, p. 107.

128 Rosoff: Times [NY], 10 April 1951, p. 27; Saratogian, 23 February 1937; Bradley, p. 313-15; Katcher, pp. 110-13; Hotaling, p. 217.

129 "What color ..." ... "... is spinning.": Katcher, p. 112; Bradley, p. 210; Heimer, p. 210; Hotaling, p. 217.

129 Cosden: Bradley, p. 321; Hotaling, p. 217. In March 1965, his son, Joshua Cosden, Jr., became Zsa Zsa Gabor's fifth husband. They divorced in October 1967.

130 "Colonel, I hear ..." ... "... pennies every day.": Katcher, p. 114.

130 $7,500 check: Bradley, p. 316.

130 "I can't hear you!" ... ...the money.": Betts, p. 237; Hotaling, p. 217.

131 "Forget about ..." ........ hundred-dollar bill.": Betts, p. 225-26.

131 Sailing B: NY Journal-American, American Weekly, 13 March 1949, p. 11.

131-32"The afternoon's . . . box was occupied.": NY Times, 21 August 1921, Section 8, pp. 1, 3.

133-34"The two got ... the afternoon": ibid; 3; Katcher, pp. 132-35; Hotaling, pp. 218-19; Heimer, pp. 210-12. A. R. later sold Sporting Blood to Bud Fisher, creator of "Mutt and Jeff," the first successful daily comic strip.

Sporting Blood was the title of a 1931 horse racing film starring Clark Gable as a gambler who owned a racehorse. It was Gable's first starring role.

134 Nineteen twenty-one was a good year for Redstone Stables. Georgie captured Jamaica's Interborough Handicap with veteran Bunny Marinelli aboard. Gladiator with Clarence Kummer in the saddle took the Toboggan Stakes at Belmont.

134 "I don't like ..." ... "... make a million.": Rothstein, p. 102.

134 Lansky, Luciano: Lacey, p. 83; Katcher, p. 115; Hotaling, p. 216; Bradley, p. 323-14; Heimer, pp. 218-19.

135 Brook burns: Saratogian, 31 December 1934; Saratogian, 30 August 1935, p. 1.

Chapter 10: "I Never Take My Troubles to the Cops"

136 "Now, you Blankity-Blank ..." ... "... it to you.": Rothstein, p. 115.

137 "Now, all ..." ... "... going on.": Katcher, p. 153.

137-38 "Haven't I ..." ... "What's your address?": Clarke, pp. 37-38.

138 "Thirty-five hundred," ... "... tomorrow morning.": Katcher, p. 153. A subway pickpocket once relieved Arnold of this same stickpin. The next day A. R. received a package, containing the purloined jewelry and a note reading: "We are returning your stickpin. The guy who took it didn't know who you were."

138 "I thought ..." ... "... you're buffaloed.": Katcher, pp. 154-55; Kahn (The World of Swope), pp. 122-23.

139 "Well, I guess..." ... "... them know it.": Katcher, pp. 155-56.

139 "Killer" Johnson: Rothstein, pp. 113-14. In 1917, Reisenweber's, a tremendously popular Broadway restaurant similar to Rector's or Jack's, booked the Original Dixieland Jazz Band, the first appearance by a jazz band in the Northeast, creating a sensation and launching the jazz Age.

140 Harlem robbery: NY World (thrice-a-week edition), 1 October 1920, p. 1; Clarke, p. 40.

140 "I don't think ... his career.": Rothstein, p. 118.

140-42 "Four is my point." ... ". . . years in State prison.' "': NY Telegraph, 24 January 1919, p. 1; NY Telegraph, 29 January 1919, p. 3; NY Times, 27 January 1920, p. 21; Clarke, pp. 44-45.

142 "rumors that ... prevent prosecution.": NY Times, 15 February 1919; p. 6.

142 Mayor Hylan: Werner, p. 563; Walsh, p. 6; Fowler (Beau James), p. 82; Allen (The Tiger), pp. 227-28; http://www.udrrhs.org/htmUhylan.htm.

142 "There . . . was dismissed.": NY Times, March 31, 1920, p. 1.

143 Rothstein in court: NY Times, 7 June 1919; p. 13.

143-44"The record is ... is granted.": NY Times, 25 July 1919; p. 11; Katcher, pp. 160-61.

144 Foley: NY Times, 16 January 1925; pp. 1, 2; Connable and Silberfarb, p. 260; Like Charlie Murphy, Foley barred women from his saloons. His most famous barroom was at Franklin and Centre Streets, across from the Criminal Courts Building and "long famous as a rendezvous for many lawyers and politicians." Upstairs, he maintained offices, as the Times put it, "ostensibly for the transaction of real estate business."

144 Hearst-Foley Feud: Nasaw, pp. 216-17; Swanberg, pp. 256, 307, 327, 346-47. The Hearst-Foley feud began in earnest in 1907 when Hearst ran his chief political henchman, Maximilian F. Ihmsen, against Foley for sheriff and campaigned vigorously against him. The Hearst papers flayed Foley mercilessly in print and in cartoon on a daily basis. For good measure they also attacked his chief-of-staff, a fellow known as "Nigger Mike," claiming he was guilty of vote fraud.

Foley retaliated by sinking Hearst's mayoral, gubernatorial, and senatorial ambitions. In 1917, when Tammany's supreme boss Charles F. Murphy would have accepted Hearst reluctantly as the Democratic mayoral candi date-save for Tom Foley's vehement opposition. In 1918 Foley similarly thwarted Hearst's gubernatorial plans, securing the nomination for his protege Alfred E. Smith. In 1922 Foley and Smith sank Hearst's nomination for the United States Senate.

145 "It is believed ... under arrest.": Katcher, p. 161.

145 "it is common ... with him.": ibid. p. 162.

145 "I ask to ..." ... "... he was mistaken.": NY Times, 23 January 1920, p. 7 Kahn (The World of Swope), p. 231; Lewis (Man of the World), pp. 60-78; Katcher, pp. 161-62.

145 "disorderly houses": 31 March 1920, p. 1; NY Times, 9 April 1920, p. 1; NY Times,14 May 1920, p. 5; p. 16; NY Times, 26 May 1920, p. 2; NY Times, 9 June 1920, p. 5; NY Times, 10 June 1920, p. 10; NY Times, 12 June 1920, p. 8; NY Times, 19 June 1920, p. 9; NY Times. Swann's misadventures as district attorney cost him renomination in 1922. He retired from public life and returned to his native Florida.

145 Dominick Henry: People v. Dominick Henry, 196 A.D. 177; NY Times, 2 July 1924, p. 19; NY Times, 16 October 1924, p. 8; Katcher, pp. 163-64.

146 "Tell the gentleman..." ... "... get in again.": NY World, 8 November 1928, p. 19; Clarke, p. 298; Fowler (Beau James), p. 223; Valentine, p. 107.

Chapter 11: "Am Wiring You Twenty Grand"

147 "Meyer Wolfsheim? ... blowing a safe.": Fitzgerald, pp. 77-78. Fitzgerald also portrayed Rothstein as older than he was. Wolfsheim was fifty. In 1925, when Fitzgerald published The Great Gatsby, A. R. was forty-three.

148 Fitzgerald: Fitzgerald's Rothstein/Wolfsheim was in actuality a crude antiSemitic caricature. Actor Michael Lerner's portrayal of Rothstein in John Sayles' 1988 film Eight Men Out is closer to Wolfsheim than to Rothstein. Lerner invariably "plays the kinds of characters who always seem to be sweating," noted film critic Leonard Maltin. Rothstein never sweated. Darren McGavin's portrayal of the smooth, self-assured, sophisticated, and powerful gambler Gus Sands in Barry Levinson's 1984 film, The Natural, is far closer to the actual A. R.

148-49Chicago White Sox: Shoeless Joe Jackson was clearly underpaid ($6,299 in 1919), receiving a smaller salary than less-talented teammates Happy Felsch ($7,400) and Buck Weaver ($7,644). Chick Gandil ($4,500) and Swede Risberg ($7,644) were also shortchanged, but Comiskey overpaid utility infielder Fred McMullin ($6,000). Ed Cicotte ($9,075 plus a $3,285 incentive bonus) was the club's third-highest paid player, behind Hall of Famers Eddie Collins and Ray Schalk. Lefty Williams ($6,000) almost matched Hall of Famer Red Faber's salary ($6,600). Baseball historians Charles Alexander and Richard C. Lindberg contend that Comiskey generally paid industrystandard wages. In his Never Just a Game (p. 233), Robert F. Burk reports: "More recent historians correctly have pointed out that the White Sox payroll in 1919, taken as a whole, had stood at a level comparable with those of most other franchises."

149 "Why isn't ... smart man.": Fitzgerald, pp. 77-78.

150 Tennes, Weeghman: Chi. Herald-Examiner, 26 September 1920, pp. 1-2; NY Times, 26 September 1920, p. 19; Chi. Herald-Examiner, 20 July 1921, p. 2; Asinof, p. 177; Ginsburg, p. 136; Pietrusza (Judge and jury), pp. 102-03; Luhrs, pp. 121-22, 244. Weeghman also claimed that Attell advised Tennes to bet on Cincinnati in the World Series. This seems unlikely. Tennes denied Weeghman's allegations under oath and claimed that a rival coterie of gamblers worked to rig a Sox victory.

150 Cicotte, Sullivan: Veeck and Linn, p. 284; Seymour, p. 278; Murdock, p. 185. Gamblers so infested a section of Braves Field, that it was known as the "gamblers' reservation." When Ban Johnson ordered Red Sox owner Harry Frazee to crack down on open betting at Fenway Park, Frazee flatly refused.

151 "Don't be silly ... can be again.": Sports Illustrated, 17 September 1956, p. 63.

151 1914, 1917, and 1918 World Series: Murdock, p. 185; Veeck and Linn, p. 296; Lieb (Baseball As I Have Known It), p. 115; Alexander (John McGraw), p. 202.

151 "Not that we ... the least.": Sports Illustrated, 17 September 1956, pp. 63; Ginsburg, p. 137; Frommer, p. 193; http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/ projects/ftrials/blacksox/williamsconfession.html. Neither did Weaver ever inform on McMullin's offer of $500 to throw a game during the 1920 season (Veeck and Linn, p. 284).

152 "He prefers ... entertainment." Sporting News, 21 October 1920; Chi. Daily News, 11 August 1919. Between 1908 and 1912 Burns posted a 30-52 record for the Senators, White Sox, Reds, Phillies, and Tigers. He seemed most adept at hitting batters.

152 "would have something good": Chi. Tribune, 22 July 1921, pp. 1-2; NY Times, 17 September 1919, p. 14. Ironically, as Gandil propositioned Burns at the Ansonia, Comiskey, Harry Frazee, and Yankee owners Jacob Ruppert and T. L. Huston were publicly demanding that American League president Ban Johnson release whatever he knew about "gambling at any of the parks belonging to members of this league."

Chicago's eight-game lead on September 16 shrank to 3.5 games by season's end; their won-lost percentage declined from .651 to .628 as they lost six of their last ten games. It's highly possible that the Black Sox practiced fixing the World Series by throwing unimportant regular-season games.

152 Ansonia meeting: Chi. American, 27 July 1921, p. 3; Chi. Tribune, 22 July 1921, pp. 1-2; Chi. Herald-Examiner, 28 July 1921, p. 2; Chi. Daily Journal, 28 September 1920, p. 3; Chi. Tribune, 25 July 1921, p. 13.

153 "I saw some ... Rothstein ...": Katcher, p. 142; Seymour, p. 301; Frommer, p. 134; Stump, pp. 205-10. In May 1912 the Detroit Tigers went on strike to support their suspended teammate Ty Cobb. To avoid forfeiting to the Philadelphia Athletics, Tiger management recruited a ragtag bunch of Philadelphia sandlotters as replacements. Maharg played third base for that team, which on May 18, 1912 lost 24-2 to the As. In 1916 Maharg again appeared in the majors, this time for a single game in the outfield for the National League Philadelphia Phillies. At 5'4 1/2" Maharg was the shortest player in Phillies history. At some point, a baseless, but remarkably persistent, myth arose that Maharg was actually another major leaguer, catcher Peaches Graham ("Maharg" is "Graham" spelled backward). Peaches was 4 inches taller than Maharg and played a decade before Maharg's debut. Graham died in 1939 in Long Beach, California; Maharg in 1953 in Philadelphia.

In Philadelphia Maharg shared quarters-and a close friendship-with Hall of Fame pitcher Grover Cleveland Alexander. Ominously, White Sox Secretary Harry Grabiner's diaries mention Alexander as one of several major-league "players I knew were even mentioned in any wrongdoing [i.e., fixing]." (Veeck and Linn, p. 296)

In 1920 Phillies owner William E Baker accused Maharg of having worked with Philadelphia manager Pat Moran (manager of the 1919 Reds) to steal opposing pitchers' signs: "Even when the team was playing away from home they frequently carried Maharg on the road with them at the club's expense." Baker claimed this was one reason he fired Moran (NY Telegraph, 30 September 1920, p. 2).

153 "The idea ... scared me.": Katcher, pp. 169, 224; Clarke, pp. 250.

153 Astor Grill meeting: Chi. Tribune, 20 July 1921, p. 2. Rothstein may have staged another little scene to inoculate his connection with Attell. In September 1920 the World quoted an unnamed source saying: "The following night [after the Astor Hotel meeting] a long-distance telephone call from Cincinnati came to Rothstein at his home on Eighty-fourth street. The operator said that Abe Attell ... wanted to speak to Arnold. The son of a former police inspector was calling at the Rothstein home at the time and he answered the phone. At Rothstein's request this man told the long distance operator that Arnold was not at home." (NY World, 28 September 1920, p. 2)

154 Astor frame-up: Chi. Herald Examiner, 28 July 1921, p. 2. NY Times, 1 October 1920, p. 1; NY Times, 6 October 1920, p. 3; NY Telegraph, 7 October 1920, pp. 1, 6; Kohout, p. 242. O'Farrell had worked for District Attorney Charles Whitman in the course of the Rosenthal murder investigation. At one point he claimed that a Long Island gambler named "Orbie" had accompanied Burns to the Astor.

154 "If nine guys ... the father.": Asinof, pp. 39-40.

155 "That night ... my price.": ibid, pp. 40, 42-43.

155 "I told ... be thrown.": Chi. Daily journal, 30 October 1920, p. 6; Boston Herald, 9 October 1923, p. 7; Clarke, pp. 114-21. Decades later Attell alleged he hadn't learned of Evans' activities until reaching Cincinnati, but this later version has many incredible features to it, including his claim that "I was so angry at the double cross that I went around telling all my friends the World Series was fixed." (Reichler, p. 145).

Unlike, A. R., Attell followed baseball rabidly. "I was a great fan, a close friend of John McGraw's," he told columnist Hy Gardner in 1961. "Every once in a while Mac would let me work out with the Giants in a morning practice session. One morning I brought along another fighter named Harlem Tommy Murphy. Mac throws a glove at Murph and says, `Okeh chum play right field for a while.' Murphy doesn't budge. `Mr. McGraw,' he says, `I don't know where right field is, this is the first time I ever played at the Polo Grounds.' "

A. R. was not a baseball fan in the conventional sense of the word. He attended games and cared about their outcome, but only from his usual pecuniary standpoint. "It was in this period ... that I first saw him betting on baseball games," Carolyn Rothstein would later write. "We had a box during the [1912] World Series between the Giants and the Red Sox, but Arnold never sat in the box. He got no pleasure from watching horses run, or from Christy Mathewson striking out a batter at a critical moment. All he cared for, then and always, was the betting percentage.

"Arnold was in a fever of work to make money on this knowledge of percentages. He got no thrill from close contests. Sport was merely a means of financial juggling to him. While my friends and I sat in the box and enjoyed the game, he visited other boxes looking for bets." (Rothstein, p. 41)

156 Burns hotel room meeting: The Attell-Burns meeting could not have transpired earlier than September 27 or later than September 29. Before that the Giants were on the road. Afterward they left New York for an exhibition series. Most likely, the Burns-Chase meeting at the Polo Grounds occurred on September 27; Attell's on September 28; and the Astoria Hotel conference (i.e., Attell entering the fix) on September 29. All this means that Attell became active in the fix very late.

156 "Q-When was the ... for the betting.": NY World (thrice-a-week edition), 29 September 1920, pp. 1-2; Chi. Tribune, 22 July 1921, pp. 1,8; NY Times, 22 July 1921, pp. 1,4; NY Times, 19 July 1921, p. 15, NY Times, 20 July 1921, pp. 1,3, NY Times, 21 July 1921, pp. 1-9; NY Times, 22 July 1921, pp. 1-4; Asinof, pp. 179-80; Ginsburg, p. 136. Giants pitcher Rube Benton claimed Burns later wired both Dubuc and Chase regarding the fix. Dubuc admitted receiving wires from Sleepy Bill, advising Dubuc "to get down all I could beg, borrow and steal on Cincinnati." Benton denied allegations of having won $3,800 on the Series, but alleged that Chase won $40,000. Braves pitchers Arthur Wilson and Norman Boeckel had knowledge of all this directly from Benton.

157 "He [Attell] had ... bills wagered.": Katcher, p. 143.

157 "I was ... unbelievably wrong.": Sports Illustrated, 17 September 1956, p. 69.

159 Zork, Levi Brothers: Zork, sometimes described as a St. Louis shirt manufacturer, but actually a professional gambler, was implicated in Attell's throwing a fight in 1912. Ben Franklin gave his occupation as mule dealer. Redmon, who managed a theater in East St. Louis, denied being a professional gambler but admitted to betting on baseball on a daily basis. Two other St. Louis gamblers, Joe Pesch-fixer of regular season White Sox games-and Harry Redmon, operator of East St. Louis' Majestic Theatre, escaped indictment.

159 Kid Becker. Chi. Herald-Examiner, 29 July 1921, p. 3. During the Black Sox trial, the prosecution briefly raised Becker's name, referring to him as the "gambling king of St. Louis" and asked a character witness for Carl Zork if Zork had said "anything about him and Becker corrupting ball players and fixing games all season [the 1919 season]." He answered no-truthfully. Becker died before opening day.

159 Becker, 1918 Series: In 1929 Ban Johnson wrote this about the events of 1919: "the thought that a World Series could be fixed did not seriously enter into the minds of any official or fan. The failure of the St. Louis gambler [Becker] to get anywhere with the `framing' of the series the year before indicated that it would be impossible for conspirators ever to handle enough money to make buying the players worthwhile. Thus our guard was down when the blow fell." (Murdock, p. 188)

159 Hal Chase: Among the bats, balls, gloves, spikes, and flannels at Cooperstown's Baseball Hall of Fame is an otherwise innocent-looking document foreshadowing sports' biggest scandal. It's a 1912 masterpiece of gold and crimson calligraphy, a huge ornate parchment honoring former Chicago Cubs manager and first baseman Frank "The Peerless Leader" Chance on the occasion of his assuming the managership of the hitherto-hapless New York Highlanders.

:A dazzling mixture (the "undersigned baseball fans of the greatest city in the United States") of New York politicians, show people, and sportsmen had affixed their greetings: former-president Theodore Roosevelt, former world heavyweight champion James J. Corbett, Mayor Gaynor, former Tammany boss Croker, baseball owners James E. Gaffney, Charles Taft (brother of William Howard Taft), and Big Bill Devery, plus a raft of Broadway icons: Al Jolson, David Belasco, DeWolf Hopper, Harry Frazee, Florenz Ziegfeld, Honey Boy Evans, and George M. Cohan.

And Arnold Rothstein. (Thorn, Treasures of the Baseball Hall of Fame, p. 46)

159 Becker's death: The son of a St. Louis saloonkeeper, Kid Becker ran away from home at age ten. He lived virtually his whole life as a gambler, and after being wiped out in an East St. Louis card game at age thirty, quickly recuperated to become St. Louis's premier gambler and prince of its underworld. He reportedly did a million dollars worth of business per year and left a $200,000 estate. Big money in its day-but not enough to fix a World Series.

160 Dandolis: Chi. Herald-Examiner, 6 October 1920, pp. 1-2; Boston Post, 2 October 1920, p. 8; Asinof, p. 39; Rothstein, p. 107-08; NY Times, 7 October 1920, p. 4; Clarke, p. 301. Some said Dandolis won $100,000 on the Series. Nick claimed he bet only $8,000 on the Series-$6,000 on the Sox and $2,000 on the Reds.

160 "saying [he] ... make bets.": Katcher, p. 143; Asinof, pp. 296-297.

160 Asinof, pp. 87-90; Frommer, p. 153; Fowler (The Great Mouthpiece), p. 275; Luhrs, pp. 144-45. Again, a few days before the Series began, Attell was dead broke. Now he oversaw a clique of gamblers betting thousands of dollars. Where did he get the money?-partly from the St. Louis crowd (and most likely that was largely A. R.'s money) and partly the $20,000 A. R. wired him.

162-63"You two ..." ... "... beaten cur.": Spink, p. 59; Allen (The Baseball Story), pp. 218-19; Veeck and Linn, p. 258; Asinof, p. 82-86; Leib (Baseball As I Have Known It), pp. 118-19. In his authoritative Baseball: The Golden Age (p. 299 fn), Harold Seymour casts doubt on this story.

163 "Cohan laughed ... frame-up.": Sport, October 1959, p. 101; Sports Illustrated, 17 September 1956, p. 64; Frommer, p. 116.

During the Black Sox trial Cohan refused to testify (Chi. Herald-Examiner, 27 July 1921, p. 1).

163 "about to be taken.": "Hy Gardner Calling" column, 29 September 1961.

163 "Everyone ... fixed it,": Katcher, p. 147-48.

163 Johnny Fay: Betts, p. 228.

164 "I never saw ..." ... "need them for!": According to Henry Ford's Dearborn Independent, Zelser (actual name Zelcer; it was misspelled in his indictment) was related by marriage to the Levi brothers. (http://www.noontidepress.com/books/ford/ij45.html). The Levis operated out of Des Moines, Kokomo, and San Francisco. The Levis and Zelser, whose mother's name was "Rachael," were ironically all "ardent White Sox fans." During the Black Sox trial Zelser was so confident of his acquittal he offered to bet $100 to $25 on it. (July 21, 2003 interview with Ralph J. Christian).

164 "That's not ..." ... "that way.": Asinof, pp. 90, 101-03, 283; Frommer, pp. 135-36; Fowler (The Great Mouthpiece), p. 275-76; Sheed, p. 148.

165 "If you see ... Abe broke.": Chi. American, 22 July 1921, p. 4.

165 "And they will . . . "; "the next game.": Asinof, pp. 110-12, 283-84; Frommer, p. 136.

166 Game Three nervousness: Chi. American, 22 July 1921, p. 4.

166 Manlis, $20,000 payment: Ginsburg, pp. 121-22; Asinof, pp. 112-15; Luhrs, pp. 66-75. In Chick Gandil's version of events, Weaver remained aloof from the fix only because he, like Cicotte, demanded cash up front. (Sports Illustrated, 17 September 1956, p. 64)

166 Games Four and Five: Luhrs, pp. 282-88; Asinof, pp. 117-21.

167 "Had any gamblers ..." ... "... what hit him.": Reichler, p. 144; Ritter (The Glory of Their Times), pp. 202-03.

168 "the biggest ... ever saw.": Asinof, pp. 127-35; Ginsburg, pp. 123-24; Luhrs, pp. 75-78; Leib (Baseball As I Have Known It), p. 123; Seymour, p. 304 fn.

168 "Everything is ... first inning.": Leib (Baseball As I Have Known It), p. 121.

Chapter 12: "I Wasn't In On It"

169 "Tennes did ... that amount.": Chi. Herald-Examiner, 26 September 1920, p. 2. Adding credibility to Weeghman's account is his emphasis on third baseman Buck Weaver's noninvolvement. When Weeghman made his claims in September 1920, Weaver was already being implicated, and if Weeghman was merely repeating what he heard rumored he would have included Weaver's name.

169 $20,000 reward: Chi. Daily News, 27 October 1920, p. 1; NY Telegraph, 27 October 1920, pp. 1, 16; NY World, 25 October 1920, p. 4; NY World, 27 October 1920, p. 19; Seymour, p. 295; Asinof, p. 130. Joe Jackson tried to see Comiskey after the Series ended, supposedly to inform him of the fix. Either fearing what Jackson had to say-or too disgusted by Jackson's recent betrayal-Comiskey refused to see him.

170 "There is ... at fights": NY World, 15 December 1919, p. 1; NY World, 17 December 1919, pp. 1, 22; Asinof, pp. 137-38; http://www.blueear.com/ archives/issue_8/apocalypse.txt. In his 1947 study Baseball (p. 233), Robert Smith alleges that "Fullerton refus[ed] to be still-even when Arnold Rothstein ... threatened to turn his strong-arm minions upon the writer . . ." The author has been unable to find another source for this allegation.

171 "Because a ... play straight.": Ginsburg, p. 132; Asinof, p. 152; Frommer, pp. 118-19. This diatribe is usually attributed to Sporting News publisher J. G. Taylor Spink. Spink, however, placed the blame on Obenshain. (Spink, p. 60)

In August 1918 the Sporting News, writing about rumors of Hal Chase's game-fixing, launched a similar tirade against "the pasty-faced and clammyfingered gentry with the hooked noses." The "pasty-faced" comment neatly describes the invariably pallid Rothstein. (Kohout, pp. 196-98)

The Sporting News wasn't alone in linking the scandal to Jewish interests. Henry Ford's anti-Semitic national newspaper, The Dearborn Independent, devoted considerable space to the topic, alleging: "Heavy Jewish betting, the bribing of players, the buying of clubs, the cheating of the public, has been proved time and again in American courts. All along the line of investigation into sporting scandals the names of Jews are plentifully sprinkled."

"If `fans' wish to know the trouble with American baseball, they have it in three words-too much Jew. `Gentile fronts' may rant out their parrot-like pro-Jewish propaganda, the fact is that a sport is clean and helpful until it begins to attract Jewish investors and exploiters and then it goes bad. The two facts have occurred in pairs too frequently in America and under too many dissimilar circumstances to have their relationship doubted. There are no variations on the Jewish corruption of American sports, principally baseball, racing, boxing and wrestling. In the fixing of results, the swindling of gamblers, the staging of frauds, the rottenness has been discovered between the Jewish investors and the venal contestants....

"Years before the public scandals broke, the Jew had crowded into all the lucrative sports; he remains in control of them, but only on the commercial side, seldom if ever in sympathy with sport as a real sportsman. The Jews are not even real gamblers, they are not sportsmen enough to gamble; they are the `sure-thing' men. The `Gentile boobs' who walk into their traps are the people who provide the money. Even in the field of money the Jew is not a sport-he is a gangster, ringing a gang of his ilk round him." (http://www.noontidepress.com/books/ford/ij45.html)

171 "Come up ..." ... "... he promised.": Sports Illustrated, 17 September 1956, p. 70.

172 Tennes: Restaurant magnate "Lucky Charlie" Weeghman had lost money steadily in the last few years, investing heavily not only in the defunct Federal League Whales (on whose new ballpark, now known as Wrigley Field, he spent $250,000;) and the Cubs but also in films. In 1920 he and his first wife divorced. In August 1920 Weeghman filed for involuntary bankruptcy.

172 Benton: Seymour, p. 300; Asinof, p. 177.

172 McGraw, O'Farrell: Chi. Daily News, 6 October 1920, p. 3; Chi. Daily Journal, 6 October 1920, p. 10; Luhrs, pp. 130-31. "Orbie" may have been with Rothstein and O'Farrell in the Astor lobby. In another interview O'Farrell noted that "a Long Island gambler well known on Broadway" had been on the scene. (NY Times, 6 October 1920, p. 3)

173 "You can ... " ... "... sky high.": Asinof, p. 184; NY Tribune, 23 July 1921, p. 5; The Rothsteins had moved back to West 84th Street from 120 West 70th Street sometime in 1920.

174 "You can ............. up this way.": NY World, 29 September 1920, p. 2; NY Tribune, 29 September 1920, p. 1. Asinof tells a dramatic tale of an outraged bettor slugging Attell at Lindy's just before Abe granted this interview. Neither the World nor the Tribune articles carry a word of such incident.

174 "the whole ... to name him.": Seymour, p. 308.

174 "because of ... Swann.": Chi. Daily News, 6 October 1920, p. 3.

175 "I never ... am drunk.": NY Telegraph, 25 September 1920, p. 1; NY Telegraph, 26 September 1920, p. 10; NY Telegraph, 29 October 1920, p. 1; NY Telegraph, 30 October 1920, p. 14; NY World, 25 September 1920, p. 3; NY World, 27 September 1920, p. 2; NY World, 28 September 1920, p. 1; Alexander (John McGraw), pp. 221-27,234. In April 1920 Fallon defended the real "Curley Joe Bennett" on white slavery charges. Assistant District Attorney Jim Smith alleged the case involved "several well known tenderloin gamblers." Smith also claimed to have received several threatening phone calls regarding the case, as well as a $3,500 bribe offer. Fallon got Bennett off. (Clarke, p. 168)

175 "master mind": NY World, 30 September 1920, p. 1.

176 "The men ... indictable offense.": NY Times, 2 October 1920, p. 14; NY Telegraph, 1 October 1920, p. 2.

176-77"My friends ... is closed.": NY World (thrice-a-week edition), 1 October 1920, p. 1; NY Telegraph, 2 November 1920, p. 2. Rothstein then traveled to the Jamaica Race Track, where the Telegraph quoted him: "I have nothing to say. When the evidence is all sifted down to rockbottom you will find that I have had nothing whatsoever to do with this mess." He refused comment on his World interview.

177 "He Goes ... habitual, expression.": NY Times, 2 October 1920, p. 14.

178 "Rothstein turned ... his attorney.": NY Telegraph, 5 October 1920, p. 1.

178 Nassau County investigation: NY World, 23 September 1920, pp. 3, 17; NY World, 30 September 1920, pp. 1, 2; NY World, 2 October 1920, p. 2; NY World, 4 October 1920, p. 3; NY World, 27 October 1920, pp.1, 2; NY Telegraph, 6 October 1920, p. 1. State Police raided Rothstein's Long Beach house in 1919, entering through an ornate front window. They found nothing incriminating. One of Nassau County's four other known gambling houses employed Wilson Mizner as manager. Another was owned by former Rothstein employee Colonel Lou Betts.

178 Headin' Home: Boston Post, 2 October 1920, p. 8. Attell arranged with Tex Rickard to book the film for a week at Madison Square Garden. For prices ranging from 25 cents to $1.00, patrons could watch Headin' Home, hear the fifty-piece Black Devil Band, and see heavyweight champ Jack Dempsey in person.

178 "One time," Carolyn Rothstein wrote, "Babe Ruth sent my husband a box of autographed baseballs. He couldn't have shown more joy over this gift if he had been a small boy. The great Babe Ruth had shown him a special courtesy. He was a Big Shot!" (Rothstein, p. 145)

178-79 "I am in ..." ... "... slanderous accusations.": NY Telegraph, 10 October 1920, p. 1. This article referenced another attorney for Rothstein, a Meier Steinbrink. Steinbrink later won election to the State Supreme Court in 1932 and served as national chairman of B'nai B'rith from 1946 through 1952. (NY Times, 8 December 1967, p. 42)

179-80 "I want you ..." ........ some more thinking.": NY Times, 2 August 1921, p. 24; Chi. American, 25 October 1920, p. 2; NY Telegraph, 27 October p. 16; Asinof, pp. 217-18, 290. Eight Men Out contends that Bill Fallon accompanied A. R. to Chicago. The Chicago Tribune reported Rothstein was with another attorney named Turchin, most likely Hyman Turchin. Fallon, as the Associated Press reported, was actually in Boston with Sport Sullivan. According to Eight Men Out, Rothstein boldly informed Austrian that he wished to engage him. Asinof suggests Austrian agreed and also stated that an attorney representing Joe Jackson "knew that Austrian had represented Rothstein." In May 2002, however, an inquiry to Austrian's old law firm, drew this statement from partner Frank J. Mayer, Jr.: "Some years ago I reviewed our Black Sox file (which remains confidential), and our billing records going back to 1890 (also confidential). I can assure you that nothing I have seen or heard over my forty-plus years with this firm contains even the slightest hint that we represented Rothstein, Zork or Franklin. With respect to the 1919 scandal, our client was only Charles Comiskey." (Frank D. Mayer, Jr. to the author, May 23, 2002)

181 Judge McDonald: NY World, 25 September 1920, pp. 1, 4. Johnson met Rothstein on September 24, just as the case broke.

181 "[Cubs minority stockholder Albert] Lasker . . . National Commission.": Veeck and Linn, p. 289. Stoneham's warm relations with Rothstein continued long after A. R.'s implication in the Black Sox fix. In July 1921 Baseball Commissioner Landis reprimanded Stoneham publicly for having Rothstein as a guest in his Polo Grounds private box. Their shady Wall Street business partnerships lasted far longer than that. (See Chapter 19)

182 "Gentlemen . . . surprised at you.": Fowler (The Great Mouthpiece), pp. 276-77; Asinof, pp. 245-46; Frommer, pp. 151-52; Seymour, p. 309.

182 "Attell and Burns . . . to Cincinnati.": Chi. Daily journal, 27 October 1920, p. 1.

182 Different stories: Chi. Herald-Examiner, 27 October 1920, p. 11.

182-83"Attell did ... bill of health.": Chi. Daily News, 26 October 1920, p. 17; Katcher, pp. 144-45; Frommer, p. 135.

183 "Pardon me," ... "... the Tribune.": Chi. Tribune, 27 October 1920, p. 17.

183 "Attell approached ..." ... "... matter hereafter.": NY Telegraph, 27 October 1920, p. 1.

184 "Rothstein in ..." ... "... the White Sox....": Asinof, p. 178; NY Times, 27 October 1920, p. 17; Ginsburg, pp. 140-41; Katcher, p. 145; Fowler (The Great Mouthpiece), p. 277; Frommer, p. 152. Hoyne's chief assistant, Hartley L. Replogle, was a second cousin of Partridge Club member, steel magnate J. Leonard Replogle.

184 Val O'Farrell: NY American, 7 October 1920. In 1922 A. R. wrote hair goods manufacturer Harry S. Glemby ("Dear Harry"), advising Glemby to hire O'Farrell, noting: "Val O'Farrell is a very loyal friend and incidentally a very influential man." (Thomson and Raymond, p. 60)

184-85"I'll not produce ... ... "bet on Cincinnati.": Chi. Daily journal, 30 October 1920, p. 6; NY World, 2 October 1920, p. 1.

185 Attell returns: NY Times, 2 November 1920; NY Times, undated clipping in author's files.

185-86 "The man sought. . .". . . "A: No.": Fowler (The Great Mouthpiece), pp. 277-78; Asinof, pp. 263-64; Katcher, p. 148; Stein, p. 264; NY Sun, 23 July 1921.

186 "Rachael Brown.": Schenectady Union-Star, 5 October 1920, p. 8. In October 1920, a wire service reported that "Brown" had sailed for Europe. Considering "Brown" supposedly didn't exist, it was an unusually detailed account. It revealed "Brown's" partnership with Rothstein in New York and Saratoga, his operation of dice rooms at 28th Street and Broadway, and his former association with Bridgie Webber. It even claimed that "Brown" had been marked for death "for crooked deals" a month before Herman Rosenthal's death and had fled to Spain for safety. Most likely, the article described Nat Evans, providing us with our best description of this shadowy figure and revealing that Rothstein had ordered him, as well as Attell and Sullivan, out of the country. Brown, the story said, "was considered a `piker' by the big gamblers. Because of this he decided that he would become a henchman of the big fellow rather than a gambler of small parts on his own. He with Joseph ('Curley') Bennett and Abe Attell `steered' for Rothstein's gambling houses in the Tenderloin and at Saratoga and Long Island." The October 6, 1920 New York Times, however, reported that any story of "Brown" sailing to Europe was false-that he had been seen in the city since his alleged departure.

186-87"Q-Did Bennett ... with everything.": NY Times, 19 July 1921, p. 15, NY Times, July. 20, 1921, pp. 1,3, NY Times, 21 July 1921, pp. 1-9; NY Times, 22 July 1921, pp. 1-4; Asinof, pp. 179-80; Ginsburg, p. 136.

187 "William Burns, testifying ..." ... "A-Yes, sir.": NY Times, 24 July 1921, p. 5.

189 ". . . I talked ..." ... "... in New York ...": Asinof, p. 284.

189 "Ask ... tell you.": NY Times, 23 July 1921, p. 5.

189-90"None of ... "... "... the country.": NY Times, 26 July 1921, p. 17; Asinof, p. 292; Seymour, p. 328.

190 "I met him only twice": Chi. American, 25 July 1921, 25 July 1921, pp. 1-2; Chi. American, 26 July 1921, p. 1; Chi. Herald-Examiner, 27 July 1921, p. 4. In Baseball: The Golden Age (p. 328), Harold Seymour contends that "behind the theft were William J. Fallon and Alfred Austrian."

190 "My name ... too far.": Chi. Herald-Examiner, 27 July 1921, p. 4.

191 "It will ... from New York.": Chi. Herald-Examiner, 28 July 1921, p. 1; NY Times, 28 July 1921, p. 1; Ginsburg, p. 143. Zork and Joe Pesch continued fixing White Sox games during the 1920 season. In April 1921 St. Louis police arrested Nat Evans as a suspicious character. Was he in St. Louis to coordinate a defense with Zork and other defendants?

191 Attell's silence: Fallon not only worked on Attell's defense, he was also in contact with Boston attorney William J. Kelly regarding Sport Sullivan's defense. (NY Times, 5 October 1921, p. 1) (For more on Kelly see Chapter 17)

192 "Why was ... Arnold Rothstein?": NY Times, 2 August 1921, p. 24.

192 "The state ... throw games.": Ginsburg, pp. 143-44.

192 "whistling and cheering": NY Times, 3 August 1921, pp. 1, 3; Asinof, pp. 307-10.

192 "Not a ... Rothstein.": "Hy Gardner Calling" column, 29 September 1961. The 1919 World Series was not the last time A. R. surfaced in a baseball betting scandal. In 1923 Collyer's Eye, a Chicago racing weekly, insinuated that Rothstein may have been involved in bribing two Cincinnati players, Sammy Bohne (Cohen) and Pat Duncan. They sued Collyer's Eye for $50,000, settling out of court for an apology, $100, and court costs. (Ginsburg, pp. 182-83; Pietrusza, judge and jury, pp. 257-59)

Chapter 13: "The Chic Thing to Have Good Whiskey"

193 Crackdown on vice: Other Progressive Era legislation concerning moral issues had preceded Prohibition: the 1910 Mann Act, prohibiting the transportation of women across state lines for immoral purposes; a 1912 ban on the interstate transportation of prizefight films (triggered largely by black champion Jack Johnson's regular pummeling of white challengers and upheld unanimously by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1915); and the 1914 Harrison Act regulating narcotics.

America went dry even before the Eighteenth Amendment. So-called "Wartime Prohibition," ostensibly enacted to conserve grain supplies, banned the manufacture of alcohol except for export. President Wilson did not sign it, however, until after the armistice; it did not go into effect until July 1, 1919.

193-94Mather: Fried, pp. 94-98; Katcher, pp. 232-33; Carey, p. 144.

195 Gordon: Fried, pp. 94-98; Katcher, pp. 232-33.

196 Lansky: On October 25, 1957 Anastasia was murdered while getting a haircut at the Park Central Hotel's barbershop. The murder was never solved, though many suspected "Crazy Joe" and Larry Gallo.

197 "Moustache Petes": Rothstein appreciated cooperation across ethnic lines. He took particular offense to Chicago gangster Big Jim Colosimo's remarks about up-and-coming mobster Johnny Torrio's willingness to do business with Jewish "scum." When New York gunman Frankie Yale assassinated Colosimo in May 1920, Rothstein, Lansky, and Siegel sent a huge wreath, sarcastically labeled: "From the sorrowing Jew boys of New York."

197 "We sat ... loyal to us."Eisenberg and Dan, p. 104; Lacey, p. 49.

199 "But first ... money is.": Eisenberg and Dan, pp. 82-84.

199 Bloom: Eisenberg and Dan, pp. 98-101. Like Rothstein, Solomon failed to live to see the end of Prohibition, murdered in January 1933 in the men's room of a Roxbury nightclub.

201 Diamond, Moran: Katcher, pp. 239-41; Walker, pp. 234-39; Levine, pp. 39-41; World Encyclopedia of Organized Crime CD-ROM.

201 "how to ... broads.": Eisenberg and Dan, p. 83; Gosch and Hammer, pp. 95-97; Fried, pp. 118-19.

201 "He ... real smooth.": Gosch and Hammer, pp. 40-41; Rockaway, p. 9.

202-03 "Arnold gimme ... blue serge.": Feder and Joesten, pp. 57-59; Gosch and Hammer, pp. 52-59.

203 Collins: Rothstein, pp. 214-16; Clarke, pp. 261-62; Katcher, pp. 242-45.

204 Diamond: To Frank Costello, and his brother Eddie, Rothstein provided numerous loans-$9,000 to Eddie in 1925, $21,000 to Frank in 1928, and another $40,000 to Frank to purchase a brewery, a loan A. R. never collected. (Thomson and Raymond, p. 66)

205 Gordon, Madden: Katcher, p. 245; World Encyclopedia of Organized Crime CD-ROM.

205-06Fay, Guinan: Katcher, pp. 246-67, 264; Thomson and Raymond, p. 66; Rothstein, p. 173; Walker, pp. 240-49; Sann, pp. 183-85; Kobler (Ardent Spirits), pp. 233, 262-63; Shirley, passim.

207 "higher-ups" ... "... from the record.": NY Times, 26 July 1925, p. 1; NY Times, 27 July 1925, p. 14; Metz, pp. 148-52; Katcher, pp. 249-53; Thomson and Raymond, pp. 169-70; Leo Katcher implies that the Park View A.C. was a speakeasy; in fact, it fronted for gambling. He also incorrectly calls it the "Park City Club."

207-08 "Will You Love ..." ... "... big gambler.": NY Times, 9 August 1925, p. 20; NY Times, 16 August 1925, p. 7; NY Times, 21 August 1925, p. 2; NY Times, 28 August 1925, p. 3. Hylan also contended that "the Tammany designee for Mayor likes but two things: one of them is money, and plenty of it-the other I will not mention, because there are women present." He was right on both counts.

208 "Now that ... the street.": NY Times, 29 August 1925, p. 2.

208 "The Mayor ... nominating speech.": Walsh, p. 48; Carolyn Rothstein asserted that Walker was "never a favorite" of her husband's, but related this incident. Arnold and Sidney Stajer were attending a testimonial for Judge of the General Sessions Max S. Levine, at which Walker was speaking. "Sid and I just stood at the back of the hall," A. R. told her."The Mayor was just coming down from the speaker's platform to go to the men's room. His eyes happened to catch mine, and he turned and came right across the hall in front of everybody there and shook hands. We had a pleasant, and rather lengthy chat before he went away. I call that pretty fine of Jimmy. A lot of them, you know, aren't like that when they are up there on top."

208 "Too many ... molestation.": Katcher, p. 253.

208 "there is ... Denmark,": NY Times, 30 August 1925, p. 3; Walsh, p. 53.

Chapter 14: "The Man to See Was Arnold Rothstein"

211 "crush labor and its organizations." NY Times, 12 May 1915, p. 12; NY Times, 14 May 1915, p. 22; NY Times, 3 November 1915, p. 1; Katcher, pp. 280-01; Rockaway, pp. 95-96; Fried, pp. 34, 82-86; World Encyclopedia of Organized Crime CD-ROM; Jackson, p. 544. Hillquit was a longtime leader of the Socialist Party's right wing. In 1917 he ran as Socialist Party candidate for mayor, receiving 22 percent of the vote.

212 Orgen: Katcher, pp. 281-14; World Encyclopedia of Organized Crime CD-ROM.

212 "The Hall of Justice.": NY Times, 24 May 1922, p. 27. The property in question was owned by Rothstein's Redstone Building Co. and also housed the offices of his attorney Maurice Cantor. It was assessed at $665,000 in 1929. In 1926 the ASA merged with two organizations to form the American Arbitration Association, which survives to this day.

212 Lenin: Dubinsky and Raskin, p. 60; Malkin, pp. 87-89; Stolberg, pp. 114-16; Bernstein, p. 136.

213 "Rothstein promised ... disposed of.": Malkin, pp. 88-92

214 "Rothstein ... out of it.": NY Journal-American, 14 October 1939, pp. 1, 10.

214 "between ... Industrial Squad.": NY Times, 12 February 1926, p. 21; NY Times, 16 February 1926, p. 1; NY Journal-American, 14 October 1939, pp. 1, 10. Broderick was a throwback to the days of Clubber Williams. He once threw Legs Diamond into a garbage can. On another occasion, he attended a gangster's funeral and literally spat in the deceased's eye. Edward G. Robinson portrayed "Johnny Blake," a character loosely based on Broderick, in the 1936 film Bullets or Ballots. (Lardner and Reppetto, pp. 231-12)

214 "It is ... the Communists.": Katcher, p. 285.

215 Smith, Battle: Bernstein, pp. 137-38; Dubinsky and Raskin, pp. 58-65, 96-98.

215 "Well, . . . a cigarette.": NY Times, 26 October 1927, p. 31; NY Times, 30 October 1927, Sect. X, p. 8; Fried, pp. 33-35; Carey, pp. 146-48; Walsh, p. 36-38. Defending Kushner was State Senator (and future mayor) James J. Walker. Walker magnanimously conceded that his client had fired three shots at Dropper but contended a mysterious "fourth-shot" might have killed the Kid. The strategy worked, and Kushner escaped a first-degree conviction, sentenced to "only" twenty years for second-degree murder. He left prison after serving fifteen years. On January 28, 1939, Kushner was murdered on a Lower East Side street corner, not far from where he killed Dropper, caught in Lepke Buchalter's attempt to silence anyone who could testify against him. (Fried, p. 210; http://www.paulsann.org/killthedutchman/chapter_XXI.htm)

215-16"Questionable characters . . underworld.": Stolberg, p. 138. Little Augie played rough. In September 1926 he was arrested for shooting ILGWU picket Samuel Landman in the abdomen on West 26th Street. Nothing came of the charges.

216 The union not only paid Orgen, it reportedly made $2,500 a week in payoffs to NYPD Industrial Squad detectives. (Dubinsky and Raskin, p. 67)

216 Strike settlement: Dubinsky and Raskin, pp. 69-70; NY Times, September 11, 1926, p. 9. Rothstein evidently maintained his ties with Communist-led labor unions. On December 12, 1927 he wrote to Julius Portnoy, an officer with the Cloak, Skirt, Dress and Reefer (coat) Makers' Unions, regarding a $50 check Portnoy sent him for "services rendered." Rothstein corrected him pointedly, the $50, he said, was for "a loan I made to the Workers' Unity House, Inc." "In the future," he wrote Portnoy, "please leave this phrase out, as I said before it is not so and does not look very good for me. The Jewish Daily Forward printed A. R.'s letter in November 1928, claiming that it helped verify AFL vice-president Matthew Woll's charges of Rothstein-Communist collusion in the 1926 fur strike. (NY Times, 18 November 1928, p. 24.)

217 Lepke, Shapiro: Eisenberg and Dan, pp. 114-15.

217 "John T. Nolan Agency": NY Times, 26 October 1927, p. 31; NY Times, 27 October 1927, p. 31; NY Journal-American, 14 October 1939.

218 "Don't ask me nothing.": NY Times, 16 October 1927, p. 1; NY Times, 18 October 1927, p. 12; NY Times, 26 October 1927, p. 31; Carey, pp. 148-49. Representing Diamond during his questioning by police was none other than Leonard A. Snitkin, the same attorney who brought A. R. and the Communist Party together. Snitkin, a Tim Sullivan protege and former city magistrate, enjoyed as reputation as one of the city's premier jury-fixers.

Chapter 15: "1 Can't Trust a Drunk"

219 Fencing: Thomson and Raymond, pp. 44, 56.

220 "No boy ... the horses.": NY American, 25 January 1929; page unknown. Goldman, p. 61.

220 Gondorf, Monte Carlo: NY Telegraph, 22 February 1920, p. 1; Goldman, pp. 61, 73-74. In the confidence-game movie, The Sting, Paul Newman portrayed a character not-coincidentally named Henry Gondorf.

220 "I knew ... his life." NY Graphic, 26 November 1928, p. 4.

220-21 "What an ... a friend.": NY Graphic, 27 November 1928, page unknown.

221 Fields, bond robberies: NY Telegraph, 24 February 1920, p. 1; NY Times, 24 February 1920, p. 16; Grossman, pp. 61, 114; Louvish, pp. 194-95. World Encyclopedia of Organized Crime CD-ROM; Fowler (The Great Mouthpiece), p. 229. Not all bond messengers were so accommodating. One, Benjamin M. Binkowitz, met death at the robbers' hands.

222 Arnstein flees: NY Telegraph, 24 February 1920, pp. 1,2; NY Telegraph, 25 February 1920, pp. 1,2; NY Tribune, 16 May 1920, pp. 1, 3; NY Times, 21 February 1920, p. 1; NY Times, 24 February 1920, p. 16; Goldman, p. 91; World Encyclopedia of Organized Crime CD-ROM. Nicky first used W. C. Fields as a conduit back to his wife, sending the comedian this oddly worded wire: "You remember the rides in your car with our friend. Tell her I've left the stage and am working in a brassiere shop on Second Avenue." "Our friend" referred to the accomplice with whom Arnstein was in hiding. The accomplice's sister owned the brassiere shop in question. Fanny understand she was to visit it to receive her husband's messages.

223 "This hurts... this case!": Fowler (The Great Mouthpiece), pp. 168-81.

224 Fritz: Fowler (ibid), pp. 207-26. Fallon took no satisfaction from his victory, vowing it was his last murder case. "I was never so mad in my life," he fumed to his law partner Eugene McGee. "We sat there and heard the verdict. The man went scot-free. Do you think he thanked me? Not on your life! Can you guess what he said?" McGee had no idea. "He turned to me," Slippery Bill replied, "and in the most matter-of-fact way asked: `Do you think I can get that cab back?' "

224 Milk, figs: NY Telegraph, 7 November 1928, p. 5; Clarke, p. 20; Katcher, p. 214.

225 "Aren't you ..." ... "... should know": Fowler (The Great Mouthpiece), pp. 205-06.

225 "mouse eyes." ... "... false teeth.": Carolyn Rothstein wrote of her husband's false teeth: "Arnold, like most sporting men, was extremely vain. When I married him, and for some years afterwards, his upper teeth were unsound and unattractive. The fact that they weren't white and even was a source of great annoyance to him, particularly as his nervous laugh was a revealing one. Finally, it was decided to have the teeth extracted. Arnold went to the dentist's office very early in the morning, and had all the teeth drawn. The dentist then took the necessary impressions, and spent the rest of the day with his assistants, making the new set of teeth. Arnold didn't stir out of the office. At his request, I took him his little black books at 10 A.M., and he worked over these until 6 P.M., at which hour the dentist and his aides had completed their labors. Arnold popped the new set of teeth into his mouth, and went out, as usual, to collect money that was due him." (Rothstein, p. 130).

225 "Rothstein ... his cheese.": Fowler (The Great Mouthpiece), pp. 204-06; Katcher. p. 8.

226 "I can't trust a drunk,": Katcher. p. 169.

226 Decision to surrender: NY Tribune, 22 February 1920, p. 4; NY Tribune, 6 March 1920, p. 20; NY Tribune, 7 March 1920, p. 3, NY Tribune, 10 March 1920, p. 7.

226 Bail: Ann Pennington, a featured dancer in George White's Scandals (and George White's girlfriend), stood by Brice, visiting her dressing room one day and flinging down a handkerchief containing $20,000 of her personal jewelry for Nicky's bond collateral. Fanny didn't accept Pennington's offer, but it moved her greatly.

226-27"I'd be ..." ... "... the coupons.": Fowler (The Great Mouthpiece), pp. 243-44; Goldman, p. 99. The New Amsterdam Roof was a cabaret on the roof of 42nd Street's New Amsterdam Theater. Brice's show, The Frolics, costarred W. C. Fields, bandleader Ted Lewis, and comedian Chic Sale. Downstairs at the New Amsterdam, Ed Wynn's Carnival featured William Randolph Hearst's mistress, Marion Davies.

227 Police parade: NY Tribune, 16 May 1920, pp. 1, 3; NY Times, 16 May 1920, pp. 1, 16; NY Graphic, 24 November 1928, p. 3; NY Journal-American, 6 July 1959.

228-29 "Look here,"... "... say not.": Clarke, pp. 1-6; Rothstein, pp. 167-68.

229 "To ensure ... wedding ring.": NY Times, 18 May 1920, p. 17; NY Tribune, 18 May 1920, p. 1.

229 Arndstein v. McCarthy: 254 U.S. 71; Arndstein v. McCarthy; 254 U.S. 379 Arndstein v. McCarthy; 262 U.S. 355 Arndstein v. McCarthy; 266 U.S. 34 Arndstein v. McCarthy; It's contended occasionally that Fallon's defense of Arnstein virtually created the right against self-incrimination. That is a gross misrepresentation. The case merely revolved around Fifth Amendment protections in bankruptcy cases.

230-31 "Look here." . . . ". . . it imagines.": NY Times, 5 May 1921, pp. 1, 4; NY Times, 10 May 1921, p. 19; NY Times, 25 June 1921, p. 4; NY Graphic, 28 November 1928, page unknown; Fowler (The Great Mouthpiece), pp. 265-72; Clarke, pp. 279-81.

231 Almirall grand jury: Thomson and Raymond, pp. 147-48; NY Times, 20 May 1920, p. 9.

Chapter 16: "1 Don't Bet On ... Boxing"

232 "I don't ... boxing.": Katcher, p. 204.

232 Tammany: In January 1898 local authorities stopped a bout because they hadn't yet decided who would receive the resultant graft. Longtime Brooklyn Democratic boss Hugh McLaughlin ended up controlling boxing in his borough, while Big Tim Sullivan received the rest of the state. Sullivan understood the profitability of scarcity, allowing a mere handful of boxing clubs to function and make hefty profits-reportedly $50,000 annual tribute from each. "If you don't fight in our clubs," a Sullivan henchman boasted, "you don't fight anywhere else in the State." (Harlow, p. 501; Katcher, p. 72)

232 Dempsey, Wills: Boxing, politics, graft, and gambling intertwined. Gang leaders Paul Kelly and Monk Eastman had originally been boxers. Nicky Arnstein employed former boxer Sam "Cheats" Ginsburg to fleece suckers in fixed card games. Some said middleweight great Stanley "The Michigan Assassin" Ketchel owned a share of Rothstein and McGraw's Herald Square pool hall. Wilson Mizner briefly managed Ketchel. In October 1910, when the twenty four-year old Ketchel vacationed in rural Missouri, a jealous rival shot him in the back. Mizner expressed little sympathy. "Tell 'em to start counting ten over [Ketchel]," he quipped, "and he'll get up." Prohibition gangster Owney Madden controlled a string of fighters. Onetime Rothstein flunky (and former cabbie) Walter "Good Time Charley" Friedman owned part of heavyweight contender Primo "The Wild Bull of the Pampas" Camera. Bootlegger Big Bill Dwyer had the rest. Rothstein himself invested heavily in the sport fairly early in his career, bankrolling lightweight champion Willie Ritchie's 1914 twenty-round loss in London against Freddie "The Welsh Wizard" Welch.

Boxing and gambling proved especially interconnected in the Beansy Rosenthal killing, starting with the murder vehicle: John L. Sullivan's 1909 gray Packard touring car. Metropole proprietor George Considine once managed heavyweight champion "Gentleman Jim" Corbett-as well as lightheavyweight "Kid" McCoy, the original "Real McCoy." Detective Billy File, on the scene at the Metropole, had once been Corbett's sparring partner. Rosenthal's murderers rendezvoused at former heavyweight Tom Sharkey's 14th Street saloon. A witness to the shooting, local barber John Reisler, later briefly managed Jack Dempsey. Bald Jack Rose also managed fighters. His attorney, James M. Sullivan, served as his boxing press agent. They met when Rose promoted a fight featuring Sullivan himself. Charles Becker and Jacob "The King of the Newsboys" Reich claimed to be ringside at Madison Square Garden when Rosenthal was gunned down. Rosenthal had managed Reich's brief welterweight career.

The boxing connections of the Black Sox fix are not so numerous, but with ex-featherweight champ Abe Attell and former lightweight Billy Maharg at center stage, they are hardly less significant. (NY Times, 21 July 1912, p. 2; Klein, pp. 18, 23, 27, 28-29, 67, 87, 134; Logan, pp. 6, 20, 75-76, 86; Root, One Night in July, pp. 64, 69, 87, 97-98, 178; Kahn, A Flame of Pure Fire, pp. 17-9)

233 Gibson, Leonard: Katcher, pp. 99-100. In 1925 Gibson and bookmaker Wellington Mara became partners in New York's new National Football League franchise, the Giants. NFL Commissioner Joe Carr gave Gibson first shot at the opportunity, but Gibson, who had been burned in a 1921 attempt at a franchise, wanted someone to share the $500 risk. (Izenberg, pp. 23-26)

233 Leonard-Mitchell fight: http://letsgopens.com/pirates/Leonard_Benny_rec.htm. "My husband was fond of another great prizefighter, Benny Leonard," Carolyn Rothstein would write, "When Benny Leonard was fighting his way to the top, and while he was holding his position at the top of the lightweights, Arnold always won money on his fights too. He admired Benny Leonard." (Rothstein, p. 208)

233-34"That bum . . ." ... ". . . last night.": http://www.harrygreb.com/magsfifty- tosixtys.html.

234 Walker-Shade fight: Katcher, pp. 303-04.

236 "There is ... condition.": NY World, 30 November 1921; NY Herald, 21 May 1922; NY Times, 22 May 1922, NY American, 22 May 1922; NY American, 8 July 1922; NY Times, 1 January 1922, p. 1. Attell's ex-wife, now Mrs. Ethel Goodwin, followed a parallel path. In December 1921, Secret Service agents, local New York police, and even the bomb squad combined forces to arrest her and two men for stealing $1,477,000 in Liberty Bonds. The following May, Philadelphia police accused her of masterminding a burglary ring, characterized as consisting of "corrupted burglar alarm men."

236 Tunney-Greb fight: Attell took exception to the New York World's reporting on these events, excoriating the reporter responsible: "I saw what you wrote in The Evening World, and though my name wasn't mentioned, of course, the drift of your story was plain. I don't think it is fair to take a kick at a dog just because he happened to get a bad name. I took the blame once for something I didn't deserve. And so far as Gene Tunney and I are concerned, I have been his friend for many years, and I have always been one of the hardest to work toward making him the champion." (Van Every, p. 134)

237 Hoff loan to Tunney: To the general public, it appeared that Gentleman Jim Corbett had also predicted a Tunney win-but he hadn't. Corbett also picked Dempsey-in six-but he had an unblemished reputation for picking losers. Gene Fowler ghosted for Corbett and to "protect" his reputation cynically forecast a Tunney triumph. Corbett never read Fowler's material, and when Tunney won, Corbett looked like a genius.

238 Dempsey-Sharkey fight: Dempsey hit Sharkey consistently below the belt. In the seventh round, Sharkey turned to the referee to complain, and Dempsey hit him when he wasn't looking, scoring a knockout. "What was I supposed to do-," Dempsey explained, "write him a letter?"

239-40"the tool ..." ... "... bonus agreement.": NY Times, 19 September 1927, p. 20.

240 "I will not ..." ... "... are actionable.": New York divorce attorney Dudley Field Malone served as Deputy Secretary of State under then-Secretary of State William Jennings Bryan and later (as part of the delegation from the American Civil Liberties Union) opposed Bryan during the Scopes "Monkey Trial." In 1920 he unsuccessfully sought the Farmer-Labor Party nomination for president. By 1927 Malone's practice was in decline, due to heavy drinking. He drifted into acting and portrayed Winston Churchill in the 1943 film Mission to Moscow.

240-41 "An Open ... letter myself.": NY Times, 19 September 1927, p. 20; NY Daily Mirror, 5 November 1928, pp. 2-27; Kahn (A Flame of Pure Fire), pp. 403, 413-15, 419; Katcher, pp. 305-06; Clark, pp. 188-89; http://cyberbox- ingzone.com/boxi ng/wa i l l 100_booboo. htm.

242 "In those ... Jews won!": Pacheco and Moskovitz, pp. 32-33.

242 "Because I'm ..." ... "... card games.": Fowler (Beau James), pp. 208-209. Fowler claimed this conversation occurred on the twenty-second anniversary of the longest match fought under Marquess of Queensbury rules, the famed forty-two round Joe Gans-Bat Nelson bout-or September 2, 1928, almost a week before the infamous poker game at Jimmy Meehan's. Among the many dubious theories explaining Rothstein's murder, some have even alleged that A. R. actually tried to protect his life by losing that night and not paying.

243 "William Gibson ... Fifth Avenue.": NY World, 28 November 1928, p. 2.

Chapter 17: "I'm Not a Gambler"

245 "You are . . . manipulated up.": http://www.fortunecity.com/meltingpot/ barnsbury/215/stocks.html.

245 "Rice was ... he chose.": Washburn and De Long, p. 17.

246 "I remember ... burlap bags.": Rothstein, pp. 70-71.

246 "Sell any ... MEAN IT.": Washburn and De Long, pp. 27-37.

246 Factor: Touhy, pp. 129-35.

247 Nellie Black: NY Times, 13 June 1922, p. 14; NY Times, 14 June 1922, p. 2; NY Times, 16 June 1922, p. 11; NY Times, 28 June 1922, p. 5.

247 E. M. Fuller & Co., Groody: The slender, free-spending Groody, a protegee of producer Charles Dillingham, starred in several top-drawer shows in the teens and twenties, including Jerome Kern's The Night Boat and Vincent Youmans' Hit the Deck. In 1925 she introduced Tea for Two in Youmans' No, No, Nanette, a show produced by former Red Sox owner Harry Frazee. Fuller also married an actress, the far-lesser-known Florence Ely.

248 "Ed Fuller ... to them.": Hays, p. 110. Arthur Garfield Hays was one of the premier liberal activist attorneys of his time, serving as general counsel of the American Civil Liberties Union and defending evolutionist John T. Scopes, anarchists Sacco and Vanzetti, and the railroaded Scottsboro Boys.

249 E. M. Fuller collapse: NY Times, 28 June 1922, pp. 1, 5; NY Times, 30 June 1922, p. 1. Following E. M. Fuller's collapse, New York State passed the Martin Act, authorizing the attorney general's office to close bucketshops located in the state.

249 Foley, Hearst: Ferber, p. 119.

250 Pecora, $10,000 check: NY Times, 8 December 1971, p. 40; Ferber, pp. 121-31; Fowler (The Great Mouthpiece), pp. 330-31.

251 "What the ... bad bet.": NY Times, 13 December 1924, p. 32; Fowler (The Great Mouthpiece), p. 337. Stoneham also pumped funds from the National Entertainment Corporation, the New York Giants' official corporate name, into the failing firm. It was later revealed that Stoneham was a partner in another spectacular bucketshop failure, that of E. P. Dire and Company, which cost investors $4 million. Reports indicated that A. R. was Stoneham's partner in that operation. (Pietrusza, judge and jury, p. 260)

251 Fuller, McGee, Stoneham indicted: NY Times, 18 November 1924, p. 26; NY Times, 13 December 1924, p. 32; Hays, p. 112; Katcher, p. 196. Fuller and McGee even conferred with their attorneys, Arthur Garfield Hays and Bill Fallon, while hiding out at Rothstein's.

251 $336,768 in checks: NY Times, 2 June 1926, p. 37; NY Times, 3 June 1926, p. 9; NY Times, 22 June 1926, p. 25; NY Times, 24 May 1927, p. 20. In 1921 Fuller and McGee lost another $15,000 on baseball gambling to Rothstein. This sum was not paid by check.

251 License plate scams: Fowler (The Great Mouthpiece), pp. 335-36; Ferber, p. 142; Katcher, p. 202.

252-53 "In a ... his files.": Thomson and Raymond, p. 53.

253 "Did Fuller or ..." ... "... a thing.": Boston Herald, 9 October 1923, p. 7; Clarke, pp. 114-21.

259 "the most ... was illegal.": NY Times, 22 June 1926, p. 25; NY Times, 6 March 1946, p. 27.

259 ibid. 1 June 1927, p. 29.

259 Maroni: Ferber, pp. 167-70.

260 Rendigs: NY Times, 29 July 1924, pp. 1, 5; NY Times, 30 July 1924, p. 15; NY Times, 31 July 1924, pp. 1, 5; NY Times, 1 August 1924, p. 1. Of the eighty-one bucketshops Ferber brought to ground, 30 percent ended up defended by Fallon, including the notorious firm of Dillon & Co. operated by "Dandy Phil" Kastel, another Rothstein associate. A. R. had arranged for Kastel to secure a seat on the Consolidated Exchange. Later, Dillon & Co. "loaned" Rothstein $407,000. He never repaid the loan.

260 $2,500 bribe: NY Times, 30 July 1924, p. 15; Rosenblum, p. 130; Fowler (The Great Mouthpiece), p. 340. One check for $1,000 was drawn on the account of Fallon's wife; when Fallon passed it on to Pani, they were at the Woodmansten Inn in the company of Peggy Hopkins Joyce, then the Countess Costa Morner thanks to her two-month fourth marriage to a Swedish nobleman.

260 Missing papers: Ferber, pp. 153-7.

261-62 "I wonder ..." ... "... the squealers.": Fowler (The Great Mouthpiece), p. 352.

262 "where are ..." ... "... that's that.": ibid. pp. 354-55.

264 "Eidlitz said ... be destroyed.": NY Herald-Tribune, 2 August 1924, pp. 1, 2; NY Herald-Tribune, 6 August 1924, pp. 1, 5; NY Herald-Tribune, 7 August 1924, pp. 1, 3; NY Herald-Tribune, 8 August 1924, pp. 1, 4; NY Sun, 5 August 1924, pp. 1, 2; NY Sun, 6 August 1924, pp. 1, 2; NY Sun, 7 August 1924, pp. 1, 2; NY Sun, 8 August 1924, pp. 1, 2; NY Times, 23 July 1924, p. 17; NY Times, 2 August 1924, p. 17; NY Times, 2 August 1924, pp. 1, 6; NY Times, 8 August 1924, pp. 1, 4. Nasaw, p. 339. Incredibly, in the August 6, 1924 of the Times, an ad for Marion Davies' latest motion picture, Janice Meredith, read: "THEY CAME-THEY SAW-THEY MARVELED and TO-DAY THE WHOLE TOWN'S TALKING of MARION DAVIES."

264 "Fallon: Was the ..." ... "... do that.": NY Sun, 4 August 1924, pp. 1, 2; NY Times, 5 August 1924, pp. 1, 18.

265 "All that ..." ... "... another juror!": NY Herald-Tribune, 9 August 1924, pp. 1, 2; NY Sun, 9 August 1924, pp. 1, 2; NY Times, 9 August 1924, pp. 1, 2; NY World-Telegram & Sun, 22 September 1951, Sect. 2, p. 13; Fowler (The Great Mouthpiece), pp. 360-84; Ferber, pp. 214-31; Nasaw, pp. 337-38.

266 Dolan, Landis: NY Times, 22 October 1924, p. 24; NY Times, 23 October 1924, p. 24; NY Times, 29 October 1924, p. 25; Pietrusza (Judge and jury), pp. 262-83; Ginsburg, pp. 184-95; Allen (The National League Story), p. 222. Dolan had cajoled young Giants outfielder Jimmy O'Connell into approaching Phillies shortstop Heinie Sand to throw late-season games against the pennant-contending Giants. Implicated in the affair (but not proven guilty) were three Hall of Famers: second baseman Frankie Frisch, outfielder Ross Youngs, and first baseman George Kelly. Despite Fallon's effort, Landis banned Dolan from baseball for life.

266 Acid attack: Clarke, p. 212; Fowler (The Great Mouthpiece), pp. 392-33; Salwen, p. 4. Fallon wasn't alone in using the Belleclaire for romantic purposes. According to Ruth Gordon, the West 77th Street hostelry was a popular spot for Riverside Drive gentlemen to stash "actress" girlfriends.

267 Fallon's death: NY Times, 30 April 1927, p. 19; Fowler (The Great Mouthpiece), pp. 399-400. The Oxford was located at 205 West 88th Street.

267 Fallon's funeral: NY Times, 3 May 1927, p. 27; Fowler (The Great Mouthpiece), pp. 401-2.

267 "God forgive ... I cannot. . ." NY Times, 7 November 1938, p. 19; Ferber, p. 229; Fowler (Skyline), pp. 174.

Chapter 18: "I Will Be Alone"

269 "It has ... his employer.": Rothstein, p. 44.

269 "Much has ... stood alone.": Ferber, p. 195.

269 "Invariably Arnold ... that matter.": Rothstein, pp. 44-45; Lacey, p. 49. Or as the Jewish Daily Forward put it: A. R. was a shtadlan, the Yiddish word for "fixer."

270 "You cannot," " ... your place.": Rothstein, p. 249; Katcher, pp. 219-20.

271 "Buy me ... the place.": NY Times, 18 September 1958, p. 31; Katcher, pp. 308-09. In April 1931 a disgruntled former Longchamps employee wrote J. Edgar Hoover: "There was undoubtedly a very strong link which A. R. held to the Longchamps organization because A. R. ['s] personal checks for Cash were practically daily honored in the various restaurant branches after the close of business-I have personally accepted and paid out hundreds of these checks."

271 "rotten bastard": Conversation with Dr. Eugene Schoenfeld (Arthur Vigdor's nephew), April 24, 2003; Dr. Eugene Schoenfeld to the author, May 16, 2003.

271 "only time ... his life.": NY Daily News, 6 November 1928, p. 4; NY Times, September 13, 1907, p. 7; NY Times, September 16, 1907, p. 9; NY Times, 21 November 1917, p. 13; Rothstein, p. 248. Randolph Guggenheimer (1848-1907), a Tammany Hall sachem, played a major role in the development of New York City's educational system, won election to the presidency of the Common Council, and served as acting mayor in the absence of Mayor Robert A. Van Wyck. Samuel Utermyer (1858-1940) moved from major corporate attorney to Progressive era reformer, serving as counsel in 1912 to the Money Trust Inquiry of the Committee on Banking and Currency of the House of Representatives (the Pujo Committee). Utermyer later served as counsel to the suit against Henry Ford's anti-Semitic newspaper, The Dearborn Independent.

271 Louis Marshall (1856-1929) served as president of Temple Emanu-El in New York, chairman of the board of directors of the Jewish Theological Seminary and head of the American Jewish Committee. In 1913 Marshall defended accused (and later lynched) murderer Leo Frank in Georgia. In 1920 he defended five Socialists expelled from the New York State Assembly.

272 "You know ... usual junk.": Clarke, p. 89.

272 Smith, Ward: NY Sun, 24 November 1928, p. 6. NY Sun, 28 November p. 2; Details of the Rothstein-Smith affair and the $100,000 were discovered in A. R.'s files after his death. The Rothstein-Gertie Ward affair was long over by the time of A. R.'s death, but police still interrogated her, being particularly interested in his narcotics activities. She denied knowing Rothstein.

Rothstein may not have slept with every woman he kept company with. True, he may been seen with such beauties as Lillian Lorraine or Peggy Hopkins Joyce, transacted business with them, and even-on occasion-presented them with expensive baubles. But he probably did not have sexual relations with them.

272 Winthrop: Bobbie Winthrop's show business career is very difficult to trace at this late date. A Barbara Winthrop is known to have appeared in at least two films, The Crucible (1914) and Silent Strings (1918).

272 "BROADWAY BEAUTY" ... "... enjoy being seen.": Rothstein, p. 59.

273 "I never ... women more.": ibid. p. 59.

274 Red Ritter: Rothstein, pp. 145-49; Katcher, pp. 215-7. Red certainly had his appeal. Slightly later, vaudeville and Broadway monologist Julius Tannen (1880-1965) also wished to adopt the boy, even though he already had two sons. Authorities would not allow the Jewish Tannens to adopt the gentile youngster.

274-75 "Arnold! I've been ..." ... "... these years.": Clarke, pp. 32-33.

275 "I'm a woman..." ... "... all right.": Katcher, pp. 316-17; Rothstein, pp. 241-42. In 1920 Johns Hopkins University fired Watson from its faculty after he was named in the divorce proceedings of a student (later his second wife). By the time A. R. asked Carolyn to consult Watson, Watson was no longer a working psychologist, but rather a vice president at the J. Walter Thompson advertising agency.

276 "I couldn't ... Mr. Rothstein": Rothstein, pp. 247-48.

276 "Sweet ... " ... "... should go.": ibid. pp. 65-6 8, 247-48; Katcher, pp. 102-04.

276 "When I ... taking dope.": Betts, p. 233.

277 "He is too . . . the master mind.": NY Sun, 7 December 1928, p. 1; NY World, 10 November 1928, p. 18; Katcher, pp. 307-08; Rothstein, pp. 225-29. Although A. R. played a fair amount of golf with Inez Norton, the sport never much interested him. "Golf is too slow for me," he complained, "Besides, there's no way to gamble on it." When the Woodmere course held its grand opening, he forced himself to play three holes, then went home.

278 1928 losses: Clarke, p. 103-04; Katcher, p. 318.

278 roulette wheels: NY World, 8 November 1928, p. 19.

278 Clayton: Mosedale, p. 160.

279 "real beginning ..." ... "...been the case.": Rothstein, pp. 236-38; Pasley, pp. 130-31.

279 "Why do ... other way.": Eisenberg and Dan, p. 104.

279 "The gambling ... like Rothstein.": ibid. pp. 105-06.

280 Fowler (Beau James), 207-08, 222-23; Mosedale, pp. 160-61. Moore meant what he said. The Telegraph printed almost nothing about A. R.'s eventual shooting and death.

281 "others ... quiet generosity.": NY Daily Mirror, 10 November 1928, p. 4.

281 NY Daily Mirror, 18 November 1928, p. 5.

282 "the gem of ..." ... "of beauties.": NY Daily News, 10 November 1928, p. 4; NY Times, 11 November 1928, p. 27.

282 "I ... was ... separated shortly.": Albany Times-Union, 10 November 1928, p. 2. Betty Compson (1897-1974), not to be confused with Jimmy Walker's mistress Betty Compton, enjoyed a lengthy-if now largely forgotten-career, working with directors Josef von Sternberg, James Cruze, Tod Browning, and Erich von Stroheim. In 1928 she received an Academy Award nomination for her supporting role in The Barker. James Montgomery Flagg (1872-1960), one of America's foremost illustrators, created wartime patriotic posters (e.g., "I Want You") that have earned him a particular immortality.

282 Reiser divorce: NY Sun, 10 November 1928, p. 1; NY Times, 11 November 1928, p. 27; NY Eve. Post, 10 November 1928, pp. 1, 2; NY World, 10 November 1928, p. 2. Ironically, Irving Weisglass, a witness to Reiser's "adultery," gave his occupation as "bedding salesman."

283 "I was very . . .. . ... . . French Riviera.": Albany Times-Union, 10 November 1928, p. 2; Gosch and Hammer, p. 41. A. R. kept Inez at the Fairfield Hotel on West 72nd Street and, after breaking up with Carolyn, lived with her. The Fairfield was yet another example of how increasingly murky Rothstein's financial transactions had become. The Fairfield had been built in 1925 with cash supplied by bootlegger Bernard Bornstein. But Bornstein got cold feet, withheld additional funds, and demanded his original money back. He got it, but in the process, the hotel went bankrupt. In January 1927, A. R. bought it for $1.4 million, but another bidder was prepared to offer $25,000 more. A. R. bribed the other bidder's agent, an Eleanor M. Ransom, promising to make good her commission of $14,850 and to grant her "certain club concessions" at the Fairfield. He reneged on his promises. Amazingly, Ransom, who had betrayed her client in the process, sued Rothstein for damages. (NY Times, 14 May 1927, p. 8; NY Times, 12 June 1927, Sect. II, p. 4)

Several notables in our story had Fairfield connections. Rothstein business partner Samuel Brown lived there. So did mobster Ciro "The Artichoke King" Terranova. Bridget Farry had worked at the Fairfield. Geneva Hines hosted parties there.

Chapter 19: 'Will I Pull Through?"

284 "You take ... for me.": NY World, 5 November 1928, p. 2; NY Times, 6 November 1928, p. 2; NY Times, 3 December 1929, p. 26.

284 "Something was ... fired.": NY Times, 6 November 1928, p. 2; NY Eve. Post, 5 November 1928, p. 8.

284-285 Murder weapon: NY World, 5 November 1928, p. 2; NY Times, 5 November 1928, p. 1; NY Times, 6 November 1928, p. 2; NY Daily Mirror, 5 November 1928, p. 2; NY Times, 4 December 1929, p. 24. The Colt catalog described the weapon: "Colt detective special-the most powerful arm that can be carried conveniently in a coat side pocket."

285 "I am ... something.": Katcher, p. 5.

285 Jailer: NY Times, 6 November 1928, p. 2; NY Sun, 5 November 1928, p. 1.

285 Long walk: Crouse, p. 142; Rothstein, pp. 249-50.

285-86Lindenbaum: NY World, 5 November 1928, p. 2; NY World, 6 November 1928, p. 16; NY Post, 5 November 1928, p. 8; NY Times, 5 November 1928, p. 1. Rothstein attorney Isaiah Leebove also volunteered to donate blood.

285-86 "The patient is ..." ... "... that, Paddy.": NY World, 5 November 1928, p. 2; NY Sun, 5 November 1928, p. 29; NY Daily News, 6 November 1928, p. 4; Katcher, pp. 6-7.

286 "Call Academy. . . the will.": NY Times, 3 December 1929, p. 26. Cantor maintained his practice two floors above Rothstein's 45-47 West 57th Street offices.

286 Cantor retrieves will: NY Sun, 9 November 1928, pp. 1-2.

286-87"Mrs. Rothstein ............. right away.": NY World, 5 November 1928, p. 2; Rothstein, pp. 245-46; NY Times, 5 November 1928, p. 1. In her autobiography, Mrs. Rothstein misleadingly refers to the call alerting her to her husband's death as coming from his "chauffeur." In fact, it came not from Eugene Reiman but from bodyguard Fats Walsh.

287 "I didn't ... my room.": Rothstein, pp. 245-47; NY Times, 5 November 1928, p. 14.

287 Father Considine: Fowler (Beau James), p. 225. Howey served as the model for the unscrupulous editor "Walter Burns" in Ben Hecht and Charlie MacArthur's classic 1928 play The Front Page.

287 "Arnold has ... his parents.": NY American, 6 November 1928.

288 Terms of will: NY Herald-Tribune, 10 November 1928, p. 3. Brown's attorney said of him: "Samuel Brown ... was Rothstein's most trusted associate. He knows more about the dead man's affairs than anybody else, even Mr. Cantor." (NY Sun, 16 November 1928, p. 20)

289 "sign anything ..." ... "... sense to it.": NY Sun, 3 December 1928, p. 20; NY Sun, 7 December 1928, p. 1; NY Sun, 15 December 1928, p. 2; NY Sun, 17 December 1928, p. 1; NY Sun, 18 December 1928, p. 21; NY Sun, 21 December 1928, p. 3; Katcher, pp. 332-33; Clarke, p. 302. Cantor not only provided for Rothstein's will in the Big Bankroll's final hours, he took possession of Rothstein's last bankroll, the $6,500-$1,025 in cash-in his pocket when he was shot.

290 "I knew ..." ... "... go home.": Rothstein, pp. 245-47; NY Times, 5 November 1928, p. 14.

290 "Arnold Rothstein ... Ninth Precinct.": ibid. p. 1.

290-91 "Age, 42 ... on sight.": Katcher, p. 3.

291 Room description: ibid. pp. 3-4; Valentine, p. 110; NY Times, 30 August 1940, p. 38.

291 "the manners of ..." ... "... of saint.": Alexander (Jazz Age Jews), pp. 58-59.

292 "Rothstein ... his life.": NY American, 6 November 1928.

292-93Death certificate: Death Certificate #27576, Files of the Archives of the City of New York. Some have alleged A. R.'s last words were, "Me mudder did it." This seems unlikely.

294 Funeral: NY Sun, 7 November 1928, p. 15; NY World, 9 November 1928, p. 18; NY Herald-Tribune, 8 November 1928. Rabbi Leo Jung (1892-1987), the author of over three-dozen books, was among the leaders of the Orthodox movement and has been called "one of the most prominent rabbis of the twentieth century."

Chapter 20: Coverup: "A Decenter, Kinder Man I Never Knew"

294 Murder weapon: Police were able to trace the weapon's early history. On June 1, 1928 a Joseph Novotny of St. Paul, Minnesota purchased the gun at auction. On June 15 he sold it to an unknown man. At some point it found its way into-and out of-NYPD detective bureau hands. For the record, its barrel number was #359,946.

294-95 "Rothstein ... smuggling ring.": NY World, 17 November 1928, p. 2; NY Times, 18 November 1928, p. 24; NY Sun, 19 November 1928, p. 14; NY Sun, 24 November 1928, p. 6; Katcher, p. 335. One arresting officer was Gene Tunney's brother, Detective Tom Tunney. Isaiah Leebove represented Luciano and Uffner, State Senator Elmer F. Quinn represented Walsh.

Decades later, Luciano denied any knowledge of what really happened. "All I knew about it," he told an interviewer in the early 1960s, "was that he welshed on a bet. That was the rumor. Of course, the cops called me in and they grilled me, but I never knew who done it."

Luciano added, "I did lots of favors for Rothstein, too. I used to back him in poker games. We both made money. But he could spend it so fast just livin' that it even made my head spin, and I was a pretty good spender myself. All he hadda do was ask me for the dough he owed; I'd've sent it right over." (Gosch and Hammer, p. 41)

295 Charges dismissed: NY Sun, 23 November 1928, p. 22.

295 "It's Raymond's . . . to believe.": NY Times, 18 November 1928, p. 24; Albany Times-Union, 12 November 1928, pp. 1, 2; Albany Times-Union, 17 November 1928, pp. 1, 10; Albany Times-Union, 13 November 1928, pp. 1, 2; NY Daily Mirror, 29 November 1928, p. 4; Kobler (Capone), pp. 243-44. Dog racing remained illegal nationwide until 1931, when Florida became the first state to legalize the sport. Mobsters operated most of the first legal tracks. Fixing dog races was considerably more common-and easier-than fixing horse racing.

295 Detroit, Corbo, Diamond: NY Sun, 23 November 1928, p. 22; NY Sun, 26 November 1928, p. 2.

295-96Overcoat: Whelan Report, p. 7; NY World, 11 November 1928, p. 2; Albany Times-Union, 19 November 1928, p. 2; NY Sun, 1 December 1928, p. 2. The Whelan Report indicated police found "a key to Room 349 in the pocket of said coat." They also discovered several handkerchiefs initialed "G. McM" in the room and "a shirt size 16."

297 "The only ... been secured." Whelan Report, p. 8.

297 New friends: NY Sun, 19 November 1928, p. 14; NY Sun, 20 November 1928, p. 23; NY Sun, 21 November 1928, p. 6; NY Sun, 27 November 1928, p. 2; NY Sun, 29 November 1928, p. 29; NY Eve. Post, 20 November 1928, pp. 1, 7; NY Times, 20 November 1928, pp. 1, 24; NY Daily Mirror, 29 November 1928, pp. 3-4.

297 "Saturday night ... quite silly.": NY Daily Mirror, 29 November 1928, pp. 3-4.

297 "Every one ... look different." : NY Times, 20 November 1928, pp. 1, 24; NY Sun, 20 November 1928, pp. 1, 23; NY Eve Post, 20 November 1928, pp. 1, 7.

298 Room 349 unguarded, McManus apartment: Whelan Report, p. 11. By not searching McManus' apartment, police not only missed valuable clues (espe- ciall badly needed photos of the fugitive), they potentially avoided finding the fugitive there.

298 Will terms: NY Daily Mirror, 14 November 1928, p. 28; NY Daily News, 11 November 1928, pp. 2, 3; NY Daily News, 17 November 1928, p. 3; NY Daily News, 18 November 1928, p. 3.

299 Search for assets: NY Daily News, 17 November 1928, pp. 3, 5; NY Daily News, 18 November 1928, p. 3.

299 21 separate proxies: NY World, 28 November 1928, p. 2.

299 Debts: ibid. p. 1; NY Sun, 10 November 1928, p. 3.

299-00 "The irony ... his heirs.": NY World, 10 November 1928, p. 2.

300 Politicians: NY Post, 23 November 1928, p. 8; NY Sun, 27 November 1928, p. 2; NY Sun, 7 December 1928, p. 1; NY Daily Mirror, 29 November 1929, p. 4; NY Red Book, 1929 edition, pp. 42, 43; Betts, p. 88.

300 McManus, Hines: Valentine, p. 106. McManus wasn't the only gambler utilizing Tammany clubhouses. Johnny Baker operated out of Chief Clerk of the City Court Harry C. Perry's club at Fourth and Bowery; Baldy Froelich and Gus Mayo held forth at Sheriff Thomas M. Farley's 369 East 62nd Street clubhouse.

300 "A man ... he wanted.": Connable and Silberfarb, p. 289.

301 "Of the ... clubhouse.": NY Amsterdam News, 4 June 1938, p. 14.

301 "Vote every star": Thomson and Raymond, p. 127.

301 Hines' mobster ties: ibid2-33.

302 Marinelli: ibid. pp. 59, 127-58; NY Times, 26 March 1957, pp. 1, 38; Katcher, pp. 257-59, 264; Weiss, pp. 62-33; Werner, pp. 558-63. Rothstein had significant business dealings with both Hines and Marinelli, issuing numerous liability and property damage policies for Marinelli's trucking business, plus a $40,000 life insurance policy on Marinelli.

303 "Get in.": Katcher, p. 329. From Gang Rule in New York: "Years later Jimmy Hines confided to J. Richard ["Dixie"] Davis, [Dutch] Schultz's mouthpiece, that he had done everything in his power to save McManus. He undoubtedly had." (Thomson and Raymond, p. 72)

303 "He said ... Arnold Rothstein.": NY Sun, 6 December 1928, p. 2; Thomson and Raymond, p. 71. Shalleck possessed an interesting legal lineage. His career began in Bill Fallon's office. Maurice Cantor's began in Shalleck's. (NY Eve. Post, 28 November 1928, p. 6; Thomson and Raymond, p. 138)

304 "arrest a man.": Whelan Report, pp. 14-5; NY Times, 4 December 1929, p. 24; NY Sun, 29 December 1928, p. 1; Lardner and Reppetto, p. 213. Cordes also went to school with Essenheim.

304 "Hello, George." . . . ... hair cut and shave.": NY Sun, 3 December 1928, p. 1.

304-05 "With his . . for him.": ibid. 4 December 1928, p. 20.

305 "A decenter, kinder ..." ... "... him anywhere.": Katcher, pp. 4-5.

305 "I'm afraid ... to a `squealer.' ": NY Daily Mirror, 29 November 1928, p. 3.

305-06 "Circumstantial evidence ... sound one.": NY Sun, 1 December 1928, p. 1.

306 "And McManus, ... nothing happened.": NY Daily Mirror, 1 December 1928, p. 3.

306 Indictments, Farry: Taking the almost unprecedented step of releasing a firstdegree murder suspect on bail was Supreme Court Justice Aaron J. Levy, a key player in the Rosenthal murder case. William McLaughlin, a former police inspector who had once supervised McManus' father, supplied McManus' bail. (Thomson and Raymond, p. 71; NY Eve. Post, 5 December 1929, p. 21) All other material witnesses had been released months before Farry-Red Martin Bowe, Sidney Stajer, and Nate Raymond, for example, on $10,000 bail.

307 Keating- Macrery: Thomson and Raymond, pp. 197-98.

307 "Mr. Unger ..." ... "... is important.": NY Graphic, 22 November 1928, p. 4.

307 Burkan: NY Times, 7 June 1936, Sect. II, p. 9. In 1920 Burkan represented John Slavin against John McGraw in the Lambs Club assault case.

308 Trial schedule: NY Herald-Tribune, 6 December 1929, pp. 1, 6.

308 Election returns: Walsh, p. 204; Fowler (Beau James), pp. 256-57.

308 Murray: NY Times, 15 October 1967, p. 85. Thomson and Raymond, p. 233. Murray briefly represented Little Augie Orgen in the July 1926 murder of garment worker Samuel Landman.

308 Failure to connect the dots: NY Sun, 25 November 1929, p. 24.

308 Murder weapon: NY Sun, 20 November 1929, p. 1.; NY Sun, 21 November 1929, p. 2.

309 "show that ... Arnold Rothstein." NY Eve. Post, 21 November 1929, p. 2.

309 "Murray: "Was the ..." ... "... a smile.": ibid. pp. 1, 2; NY Sun, 22 November 1929, p. 2; Stowers, pp. 24-25, 31-32. While in police custody, Thompson hinted that he'd been in Room 349, but sensed trouble and left just minutes before Rothstein arrived. He never testified to this effect.

309 Marguerite Hubbell: NY Sun, 22 November 1929, pp. 1-2; NY Times, 29 November 1929, p. 1.

310 Marian Putnam: NY Sun, 22 November 1929, pp. 1, 2; NY Sun, 30 November 1929, p. 3; NY Eve. Post, 30 November 1929, p. 2; NY Eve. Post, 1 December 1929, p. 2; NY Times, 30 November 1929, pp. 1, 14. George McManus's brother Charles was among those investigating Mrs. Putnam. As the trial began, he was in Asheville on the case.

310 Orringer: NY Eve. Post, 4 December 1929, p. 8; NY Sun, 3 December 1929, p. 2; Stowers, pp. 28-31.

310 Walters: NY Eve. Post, 4 December 1929, p. 8.

311 Jackson, Bender: NY Sun, 3 December 1929, p. 2; Whalen Report, p. 13.

311 Scher: Crouse, p. 147.

311 Meehan, Farry: NY Times, 5 December 1929, pp. 1, 22.

312 $10 bribe, tripping: NY Times, 5 December 1929, pp. 1, 22; NY Journal, 5 December 1929; NY Journal, undated clipping; Albany (NY) Times-Union, 4 December 1929, pp. 1, 4 NY Sun, 4 December 1929, pp. 1, 2 NY Eve. Post, 4 December 1929, pp. 1, 8. About the only unpleasantness for McManus during the trial transpired as he attended the NYU-Carnegie Tech game on Thanksgiving Day at Yankee Stadium: robbers entered his apartment, stealing $20,000 worth of jewels and clothing. Big George called the police. (NY Eve. Post, 30 November 1929, p. 2; Stowers, p. 32)

312 "But take ... Rothstein.": NY Eve. Post, 4 December 1929, p. 8; NY Sun, 23 November 1929, p. 2.

312 Police witnesses: NY Times, 5 December 1929, pp. 1, 22.

313 If the ... People rest.": NY Times, 6 December 1929, p. 14.

313-14 "In a case ... overcome.": NY Times, ibid.

314 "Not guilty." ... "... tell mama." NY Herald-Tribune, 6 December 1929, pp. 1, 6.

314-15 "I was ... merry Christmas.": NY Times, 6 December 1929, pp. 1, 14; NY Herald-Tribune, 6 December 1929, pp. 1, 6; NY Sun, 6 December 1929, pp. 1, 29: NY Eve. Post, 5 December 1929, pp. 1, 21.

315 Kolsky: NY Eve. Post, 22 November 1929, p. 1.

Chapter 21: "Tell Me Who Is Using My Money For Dope"

316-17"I know ... to move." Rothstein, pp. 20, 172.

317 Drug users: Albany Times-Union, 10 November 1928, p. 2; Jonnes, p. 29; Katcher, p. 220; Chafetz, p. 404; Johnston, pp. 70, 169, 205-206, Klein, pp. 81, 135. Not until 1909 would there be a concerted effort to close the city's opium joints.

317 Narcotics prohibition: In 1918 a congressional committee estimated the number of narcotics users in the nation at one million. America's most famous drug addict of the 1920s was silent-film star Wallace Reid who, like many World War veterans, developed his morphine addiction after being treated with it as a painkiller. Actress Louise Brooks alleged that Lionel Barrymore was also addicted to the drug. Comedienne Mabel Normand was heavily into cocaine.

318 Vantine's: Katcher, pp. 294, 309; Goldman, p. 111. The scale of Diamond's drug dealings with A. R. may be discerned from a comment made after Rothstein's death by narcotics peddler Ike Berman. Frustrated by the indecision of an undercover agent, Berman blurted out: "Do you know who I used to do business with? Arnold Rothstein, Jack [Legs] Diamond and Oscar and Sam Weiner ... we used to bring back a million dollars' worth of junk from Merck's factory in Berlin."

319-2OKing, Schoellkopf: NY Times, 16 March 1923, p. 3; NY Times, March 26, 1923, pp. 1,2; NY Times, March 28, 1923, pp. 1, 3; NY Times, March 29, 1923, pp. 1, 3; NY Times, 27 April 1923, p. 36; NY Times, 20 July 1923, p. 18; NY Times, 10 January 1924, p. 5; NY Times, 27 January 1924, pp. 1, 15; NY Times, 15 March 1924, p. 17; NY Times, 9 December 1928, p. 1; NY Times, 22 March 1930, pp. 1, 10; NY Journal, 3 December 1928, page unknown; Sann, p. 95; Thomson and Raymond, pp. 44, 56; Levine, pp. 64-65; Rothstein, p. 158; Katcher, p. 306; Carey, pp. 209-22; Ferrell, p. 128; Russell, p. 572. Less than a year later, in February 1924, twenty-five-year-old Louise Lawson, another Rothstein-connected showgirl, was suffocated in her West 77th Street apartment. A. R. had insured the diamond and platinum jewelry stolen during her murder. The policy lapsed just before her death.

320 Webber, Vachuda: NY Times, 13 July 1926, p. 18; NY Times, 28 January 1927, p. 21; NY Times, 24 February 1927, p. 14; NY Times, 16 December 1928, Sect. I, p. 6; Jonnes, pp. 78-80, 102. Defending Webber and Vachuda was George Z. Medalie, A.R's attorney in the Edward M. Fuller bankruptcy. Medalie also defended Legs Diamond on drug charges after A. R. set Legs up in 1927.

321 Diamond, Mellin: NY Times, 16 October 1927, p. 1; NY Times, 4 December 1929, p. 31; Levine, p. 64; Lavine, p. 98.

321 "the mystery ... Europe": Levine, pp. 87-88; Ferber, pp. 206-13; Morris (The Man Who Fell from the Sky), pp. 114-20.

321-22 "probably the. . ." ... "You'll get yours.": NY Times, May, 19, 1928, p. 13; NY Times, 5 July 1928, p. 1; Ferber, pp. 205-208; Pasley, pp. 129-130. While in Philadelphia, Loewenstein narrowly missed death when an airplane propeller came so near his head, that it struck his derby hat.

322 Disappearance: NY Times, 5 July 1928, p. 1; NY Times, 7 July 1928, p. 1; NY Times, 13 July 1928, p. 5; Morris (The Man Who Fell from the Sky), pp. 7-9. Six other persons were aboard Loewenstein's plane: the pilot and copilot, his valet, his financial secretary, and two female stenographers.

322-23 "Two mechanics ... cruising speed.": NY Times, 7 July 1928, p. 1

323 "More and ... that source.": Katcher, p. 296.

323 Kerrigan, Kelly, Connolly: NY Sun, 11 December 1928, page unknown.

324 Prisament raid: NY Times, 16 November 1928, p. 9; NY World, 16 November 1928, p. 1; Katcher, p. 295. A. R. had a long history of funding drug dealers. Besides providing bail for Webber, Vachuda, Legs Diamond, and Stajer, he provided loans to such drug dealers as Albert Spitzer, Oscar Kirshon, Abe Stein, Louis Jaffe, and Irving "Little Itch" Halper. (Thomson and Raymond, pp. 64-65)

324 "Mr. Kerrigan ..." ... "... New York.": NY Sun, 11 December 1928, page unknown.

325 "It appears ... his own.": Arnold Rothstein FBI File, C. D. McKean to J. Edgar Hoover, 26 November 1928.

325-26 "The question ... his death.": ibid.

326 "The information ..." ... "... smuggling syndicate.": NY American, 2 December 1928.

326 Twentieth Century Limited: Said investigators of what they seized from Unger: "They were cute, those fellows. Take the trunks we seized at Grand Central . . . They were filled with what appeared to be perfectly innocent looking little Christmas parcels. Some were done up in red tissue paper. Some were done up in green. They were wrapped in pretty, decorative, ribbons and cords."

326-27 Unger, Lowe, Meyers: NY Times, 9 December 1928, p. 2. Reputedly a close Rothstein associate, Lowe had previously served a year-and-a-day on federal drug charges. While awaiting trial, Unger obtained $10,000 bail from Rothstein.

327 "This.... the country.": ibid. In March 1929 Tuttle would reveal: "a casual study of some of the [Rothstein] account books indicated that receipts of from six to seven thousand dollars were received daily by the syndicate leaders in their headquarters in this city." Of course, he also had this to say: "An examination of these papers plus developments of Rothstein's connections with the drug conspiracy will tend to show a motive for [his] murder."

327 "Wait a ... folks about.": NY Sun, 8 December 1928, pp. 1, 2; NY Sun, 10 December 1928, pp. 1, 3; NYSun, 12 December 1928, p. 3; NYSun,14 December 1928, p. 1; NY Sun, 15 December 1928, pp. 1, 2; NY Sun, 18 December 1928, p. 1; NY Sun, 19 December 1928, pp. 1, 2; NY Sun, 20 December p. 1,2; NY Sun, 21 December pp. 1,3; NY Times, 9 December 1928, p. 1.

328 "as if ... abdomen.": NY Times, 28 December 1928, p. 11.

328 Nutt, Mattingly, Cunningham: Musto, p. 207-208; Levine, p. 87; tonnes, p. 84. In 1921 A. R. reported gross income of $31,544.48 and a net of $7,257.29 and paid $35.25 in federal income taxes. The Treasury Department indicted him, charging that his gross income amounted to at least $70,227.88, with a net income of $45,490.29, resulting in a tax payment of $4,795.32. Nothing came of the indictment.

Eventually the IRS made slightly more reasonable calculations regarding the taxes A. R. owed: $166,076 in 1919, $44,532 in 1920, and $15,478 in 1921. In July 1936 the IRS finally abandoned any idea of collecting from A. R.'s estate, saying it could not identify sufficient assets to satisfy their claims.

329 "may have ... affected thereby.": NY Times, 17 April 1938, Sect. II, p. 6; tonnes, p. 29.

Chapter 22: Aftermath: "A Wonderful Box"

330 "The recovery ... light . . .": NY Times, 29 September 1929, Sect. 10, p. 1.

331 "If there is ..." ... "... high standing.": NY Times, 29 September 1929, p. 2; NY Times, 30 September 1929, pp. 1-2, 24.

331 "Not even ... are missing.": NY Times, 28 September 1929, pp. 1-2. One item left in Rothstein's papers was a September 1922 letter from judge of the Court of General Sessions candidate Edward Shannon Brogan who solicited a substantial loan from A. R. and promised "be assured that I will never forget favors, and this is a real one." Brogan lost to Republican Morris Koenig, brother of Manhattan County GOP Chairman Samuel Koenig. That may explain why that correspondence survived Tammany's vetting.

332 Vitale guests: We have crossed Delagi's path twice before. Starting as an errand boy to Tammany boss Tom Foley, Delagi failed the bar exam five times before finally succeeding. In 1912 Delagi served as one of two courtappointed attorneys in the murder trial of Lieutenant Charles Becker's publicist Charles Plitt. In May 1920 he arranged for the return of Fanny Brice's stolen blue Cadillac Laundelet, after Nicky Arnstein surrendered to authorities.

333 Pasley, pp. 144-45; Walsh, pp. 205-07; Allen (The Tiger), pp. 232-33; Smith (Thomas E. Dewey and His Times), p. 109; Kohler (Capone), pp. 229-31; Thomson and Raymond, pp. 101-04, 116, 118, 200-15, 319; Kohler (Ardent Spirits), pp. 263-64. Capone also played a large part in Yale's murder. Many accused him-and not Terranova-of ordering it. Capone's black Nash had its own history. It had been purchased for him by Parker Henderson, Jr., son of the former mayor of Miami. The machine gun found with it was traced to Fred Burke, a suspect in the 1929 St. Valentine's Day massacre.

334-35 Assistant D.A.: "What . . . dismissed.": Thomson and Raymond, pp. 209-10.

335 "We do ... his banks.": NY Times, 14 March 1930, pp. 1-2.

335-36"guilty of . . . incompetency.": Fowler (Beau James), p. 270; Allen (The Tiger), p. 233; Katcher, p. 347; Thomson and Raymond, pp. 208-10; Cohen (The New York Graphic), p. 144; Katcher, p. 307.

336 Simpson, Brodsky, McQuade, Ewald: Allen (The Tiger), pp. 242, 244-46; Connable and Silberfarb, pp. 279, 281-82; Fowler (Beau James), pp. 270-74, 279, 287; Walsh, pp. 219-20; Mitgang, pp. 168, 189, 222-26; Kohn, pp. 75-76; NY Times, 7 April 1955, p. 27; Cohen (The New York Graphic), pp. 155, 157. The mystery of Crater's disappearance, or of the motive or motives for it, was never solved. Despite later intimations of corruption, he was an attorney of some substance. He had served as law clerk to Judge Robert E Wagner, Sr., and, some said, harbored ambitions to eventually reach the U.S. Supreme Court.

336 Vivian Gordon: Connable and Silberfarb, pp. 279-84; Allen (The Tiger), pp. 242-44; Fowler (Beau James), pp. 74, 287; Walsh pp. 247-48; Mitgang, pp. 204-05.

337 FDR career: Weiss, pp. 48-49, 65; Mitgang, pp. 218-9; Connable and Silberfarb, pp. 249-50. Prior to 1913 and the Seventeenth Amendment, United States senators were still largely elected by state legislatures.

337 "the investigation . . . New York.": Connable and Silberfarb, pp. 203, 218-20. Crain, a former judge, had presided over the Triangle Shirtwaist Fire trial. His instruction to the jury-that the company's owners had to have knowledge that the exits were locked-was instrumental in their acquittal.

337 "Well, ... hurt any.": As Tammany chieftain, Olvany, an Al Smith ally, had once been quoted: "The Irish are natural leaders. The strain of Limerick keeps them at the top. They have the ability to handle men. Even the Jewish districts have Irish leaders. The Jews want to be ruled by them." Oddly enough, they didn't. (Mitgang, pp. 162-63).

337 James McQuade: Mitgang, pp. 222-25, 241-42; Connable and Silberfarb, pp. 281, 283-84; Smith (The Tiger), pp. 245-46; Walsh, pp. 261-63, 282-84, 286-87. McCormick went to prison for income-tax evasion.

337-38 Q: "You deposited ... wonderful box." Walsh, pp. 271-73; Connable and Silberfarb, pp. 282-83; Allen (The Tiger), pp. 246-47; Mitgang, pp. 216-18.

339 "as a matter ... his salary.": Mitgang, pp. 217-18; Allen (The Tiger), p. 247, Connable and Silberfarb, pp. 283-84. Previously, FDR hadn't been quite so particular regarding the balancing of Sheriff Farley's public income and his cash reserves. He had received $20,000 in donations for his gubernatorial campaign from the modestly recompensed Farley.

340 Equitable Coach, Block: NY Times, 26 May 1932, p. 1; Connable and Silberfarb, pp. 284-85; Fowler (Beau James), pp. 303-2; Walsh, pp. 300-15; Nasaw, p. 254; Mayer (The 1937 Newark Bears), pp. 9-11; O'Neal, pp. 315-16; Pietrusza (Lights On!), p. 77. Block was an old pal of Tammany nemesis William Randolph Hearst. Some claimed he had been dating the young Marion Davies when Hearst first met her in December 1915. In 1928 Block purchased the International League's Newark Bears. That season he hired Walter Johnson to manage the team. The Bears finished seventh. The following season, Block replaced The Big Train with Tris Speaker, another Hall of Famer. They finished sixth. On August 6, 1930 Block was among the first owners to install lights. On November 12, 1931 he sold the team to New York Yankees owner, Colonel Jacob Ruppert for an estimated $350,000. Representing Block in the transaction, was high-priced, Tammany-connected attorney Max D. Steuer, Bridgie Webber's counsel in the Rosenthal-Becker case. Steuer was integral to Tammany's defense in the Walker case.

340-41 "Politics is . . . exalted." Fowler (Beau James), pp. 312-13. The 5'6 1/2" Huggins had managed the Yankees to their first six pennants. In September 1929 He died suddenly of erysipelas, a bacterial skin infection.

341 Dr. William H. Walker: Walsh, pp. 315-16. Dr. Walker had another legal source of public-service income, earning $50 per night at boxing matches.

341-42 "Jim, you're ..." ... "... as yours.": Fiorello LaGuardia is remembered as one of New York's best vote-getters. But he wasn't. In his four runs for the office, LaGuardia garnered 3.7 million votes; his opponents received over 4.3 million votes.

Chapter 23: Case Closed: "I Did It, You Know"

344 McLaughlin, Warren, Whalen: NY World, 13 November 1928, pp. 1, 12; NY World, 15 November 1928, pp. 1, 23; NY Eve. Post, 12 December 1928, pp. 1, 2, 10; NY Eve. Post, 17 December 1928, pp. 1, 7; NY Eve. Post, 20 December 1928, pp. 1, 16; NY Eve. Post, 21 December 1928, pp. 1, 12; NY Eve. Post, 26 December 1928, pp. 1, 12; NY Eve. Post, 28 December 1928, pp. 1, 19; NY Sun, 19 December 1928, pp. 1, 2; NY Sun, 20 December 1928, pp. 1, 2; NY Sun, 26 December 1928, p. 1; NY Times, 14 November 1928, pp. 1, 8; NY Times, 16 November 1928, pp. 1, 9; Valentine, pp. 102-14; Limpus, p. 127-35; Walsh, pp. 170-06.

346 McManus, wife fight: NY Journal-American, 17 August 1942.

346 Park Central: NY Times, 6 November 1928, p. 2; NY Sun, 8 November 1928, p. 2; NY Times, 8 November 1928, p. 31; NY Sunday News, 11 November 1928, pink edition, p. 4; NY Times, 30 November 1929, p. 14.

346 Biller, Frank McManus: NY Times, 4 December 1928, p. 24. Raymond and his wife registered at Room 763. At McManus' trial Raymond testified he was in his room "all day [on November 4], and up to exactly 12:30 A.M. that night. My wife was ill, and at that hour we went out and took a ride through Central Park. Then we put in two or three hours at the Frivolity Club." Frank McManus checked out of the Park-Central the day following the shooting. (NY Sun, 17 November 1928, p. 5)

346 "Richard Roe": The World described Rothstein's habits regarding security: It was the marvel of the gossipers on Broadway ... that Rothstein, dealing as he did with men who all their lives took chances in accumulating money unearned by legitimate business or labor, had gone unscathed as long as he had, notwithstanding the small but efficient bodyguard he always had about him. It was no elaborate nine-man "point" guard such as is reputed to protect Al Capone of Chicago ... But no casual acquaintance of Rothstein ever stepped up to him on the street, at the theatre, at the entrance of his home or in a restaurant but what an unobtrusive man would slip between him and Rothstein in a way to effectually block any treacherous attack." (NY World, 5 November 1928, p. 2).

347 Thomas J. McManus: NY Times 6 November 1928, p. 2. A single sentence in a single article in the New York Times was the only hint in the press that Tom McManus's presence drew A. R. to Room 349: "They [police] pointed out that Rothstein, wary in the ways of his own, would not have ventured to a room upon the call of any one he did not trust. It developed that Thomas McManus at one time had been a detective assigned to headquarters." No one in the media or in law enforcement followed this thread further.

347 "The man ... shot him.": NY Eve. Post, 7 November 1928, p. 8; NY Daily News, 10 November 1928, p. 4. Slightly different versions of this quote can be found in the 7 November 1928 editions of New York Times and the New York Sun. The main points are the same.

347 Shooting: Note the wording of this nationally circulated December 1928 NYPD bulletin (NY Times, 4 December 1928): "We hold an indictment warrant charging Hyman Biller with the shooting [emphasis added] at the Park Central Hotel, ... of Arnold Rothstein." Not an accessory to the shooting, but with the shooting.

348 Flosso: http://members.aol.com/AlFlosso/bio.html; The Abbott and Costello Book, p. 15. Abbott shilled not only for Flosso, but also for a wide variety of Coney Island attractions, primarily the House of Mirrors.

348 "I did ... Rothstein.": http://members.aol.com/AlFlosso/murder.html. "My father kept that in strict confidence," Jack Flosso told author Gary R. Brown, "It was only many years later, after McManus died, that my father told me about it. We were stopped at a traffic light, and he just looked at me and told me that McManus had confessed to him."

348-49 "I'm getting ..." ... "... money. Now.": Stowers, pp. 19-20; Conversation between Carlton Stowers and the author, 27 July 2002.

349-50"Some way ... frame.": The New Republic, 30 January 1929, pp. 293-94. 350 Polly Adler: NY World, 5 November 1928, p. 2; Adler, pp. 80-84; Altman, pp. 279-80.

350 Bo Weinberg: Katcher, p. 329.

350 McManuses in NYPD: NY Eve. Post, 2 December 1928, Sect. 3, p. 1; NY Daily News, 6 November 1928, p. 4; NY Sun, 29 August 1940; NY HeraldTribune, 30 August 1940; Lardner and Reppetto, p. 83; NY Times, 2 March 1913, p. 12. Henry H. Klein-"His father was a police lieutenant, a friend of `Big Tim' Sullivan, a power in Tammany Hall." Stephen McManus joined the force in 1907. In 1913 he was seriously wounded as he protected a Mrs. Margaret Higgins from her estranged husband.

351 McManus family: In March 1929 George McManus's $50,000 bail was furnished by former Police Inspector William McLaughlin, who had supervised his father, Charles McManus. (NY Eve. Post, 5 December 1929, p. 21)

The McManuses also had family political connections, being reportedly related to Thomas J. "The" McManus, Tammany boss of the West Forties between Eighth Avenue and the Hudson River and a onetime assemblyman and state senator. "The" McManus's official assembly biography included these nuggets: "Mr. McManus is one of ten brothers, all single and all of whom are voters.... Mr. McManus also introduced a bill prohibiting the opening of letters written by inmates of insane asylums.... McManus has proved himself to be a very charitable man in his district, according to his means. He has been a friend and counselor to the poor in their distress." In 1908, McManus, an ally of Big Tim Sullivan, defeated longtime rival George Washington Plunkitt, for Plunkitt's state senate seat. When, in 1925, `The" McManus died, mourners filled 300 autos to follow his casket to the grave.

351 "What do . . . of it?": People of the State of New York against George McManus, Hyman Biller, John Doe & Richard Roe, 16 January 1930, p. 3; NY Sun, 17 November 1928, p. 5; The January 10, 1929 New York Times gave a slightly different account of Mr. Aulbach's activities the night of the murder. It said Biller sat at Lindy's with "Detective Auerbach" for two hours that night. The Times reported there was no "Auerbach" on the force but did find a man with a similar name-presumably Aulbach-who denied everything. Tom McManus was a longtime Park Central resident, first moving there in February 1919. He relocated to the Bronx only just before the shooting.

352 "We know ... was `Richards.' ": NY Times, 8 November 1928, p. 31.

352 Room 252: NY Times, 3 December 1929, p. 26; Whelan Report, passim.

352 "came to ... they left,": NY Times, 3 December 1929, p. 26; People of the State of New York against George McManus, Hyman Biller, John Doe & Richard Roe, 16 January 1930, p. 3; Whelan Report, pp. 9-10. During the McManus trial, an objection from defense counsel Murray prevented Detective Flood from testifying as to what Divers said when he answered the phone (presumably this would have revealed who called).

352 "Tom McManus ... George.": NY Times, 4 December 1929, p. 24.

353 Whelan report: NY Eve. Post, 10 November 1928, p. 1; NY Sunday News, 11 November 1928, pink edition, p. 4; NY Sun, 19 December 1928, p. 1; NY Sun, 8 August 1931. According to the New York Sun, Stephen McManus told Inspector Coughlin "he had seen his brother [George] just a short time prior to the shooting." (NY Sun, 10 November 1928, p. 1)

353 "I don't . . . Rothstein case.": NY World, 29 November 1928, p. 2; NY Times, 5 December 1929, p. 22.

354 "It would ... a short time.": NY Eve. Post, 2 December 1928, Sect. 3, p. 1.

354 "appear to... a motive.": The New Republic, 30 January 1929, pp. 293-94.

355 "I later obtained ... know differently.": Scarne, p. 132.

355 In August 1942 New York journal-American reporter Gerald Frank put a different spin on events-although it would still mean that A. R. had died for just $51,000. Frank wrote that, yes, the game was fixed, but that it was fixed by Arnold Rothstein to trim George McManus. As Frank told it, a few days after the game, one of the game's participants asked McManus: "How about the other night when Rothstein took you over?"

"What do you mean," McManus, his blood pressure rising, wanted to know.

Hump learned that A. R. had arranged the game specifically to cheat him, that in Frank's words "every loss that night was a phony loss-save McManus' $51,000." (NY Journal-American, 17 August 1942).

Titanic Thompson, however, told author Oscar Fraley that the game was fixed against Rothstein.

Chapter 24: Epilogue

357 Arnstein: Grossman, p. 62; Goldman, pp. 214-15.

358 Attell: NY American, 6 January 1929; NY Journal, 4 January 1931; NY Sunday Mirror, 23 November 1941, Magazine Section, pp. 2-3; NY JournalAmerican, 8 March 1953; NY Daily Mirror, 16 October 1959; NY JournalAmerican, 16 October 1959; Fowler (The Great Mouthpiece), pp. 278-79.

358 Banton: Liberty, 24 May 1930, p. 60; NY Times, 21 July 1949, p. 25.

358 Bauchle: NY Times, 11 July 1939, p. 20.

358 Biller: NY American, 6 January 1930; NY Times, 17 January 1930; NY Herald-Tribune, 17 January 1931; NY Sun, 8 August 1931, NY Herald-Tribune, 9 August 1931; Clarke, p. 290.

359 Brice: Grossman, passim; Edelman and Kupferberg, pp. 71-72. Funny Girl was not the first showbiz treatment of the doomed Brice-Arnstein relationship. In 1939 Twentieth Century-Fox released Rose of Washington Square, with Alice Faye as the Brice character. Brice sued for $100,000. She settled for $40,000. Arnstein received another $25,000.

359 Buchalter: Fried, pp. 196-227; Cohen (Tough Jews), pp. 182-88, 195-208; Gosch and Hammer, pp. 240-48; Turkus and Feder, pp. 331-32; Whitehead, pp. 109-10; Gabler, pp. 274-80.

359 Burkan: NY Times, 7 June 1936, Sect. II, p. 9; NY Times, 8 June 1936, p. 19; NY Times, 9 June 1936, p. 29.

360 Burns: 1954 Official Baseball Guide, p. 177.

360 Cantor: NY Herald-Tribune, 25 July 1935; NY Herald-Tribune, 22 August 1935; NY Herald-Tribune, 30 May 1936; NY Eve. Post, 3 November 1953.

360 Chase: Pietrusza, Silverman, and Gershman, pp. 198-99; Kohout, passim.

360 Collins: World Encyclopedia of Con Artists CD-ROM.

360 Compton: Walsh, p. 339.

361 Crane: Berryman, passim.

361 Dandolos: Davis, pp. 230-33; http://logosresourcepages.org/gambling.htm; http://www. utahcard.com/magazine/news/travel/las_vegas-guide/famous. html; http://www.binions.com/wsop/history.html; http://www.lasvegassun.com/sun50/rememberslO2700.html.

361 Dempsey: Kahn (A Flame of Pure Fire), passim; Ritter (East Side, West Side), pp. 23-25.

361 Diamond: World Encyclopedia of Organized Crime CD-ROM; Durso (The Days of Mr. McGraw), p. 218; Sann, p. 186.

362 Evans: Saratogian, 30 August 1935, p. 1.

362 Factor: Touhy, passim.

362 Faithfull: http://www.lihistory.com/7/hs717a.htm; http://www.lib.uiowa.edu/spec-colUitfs/guide-Itfs.htm.

363 Farry: NY Journal, 7 June 1929; NY Times, 14 January 1930, p. 4; NY Times, 23 January 1930, p. 25; NY Times, 2 April 1930, p. 20; NY Times, September 6, p. 17; NY Times, 6 December 1930, p. 19; NY Daily Mirror, 6 June 1934; NY Daily News, 6 June 1934; NY Eve. Post, 23 June 1934; Thomson and Raymond, p. 82.

363 Fay: World Encyclopedia of Organized Crime CD-ROM; May, Allan, "Three Thin Dimes," http://www.crimemagazine.com/larryfay.htm; Sann, p. 185.

363 Fein: World Encyclopedia of Organized Crime CD-ROM.

363 Fuchs: Caruso, pp. 322-23; 1962 Official Baseball Guide, p. 159.

364 Fuller: NY Times, 10 October 1932, p. 34; NY Tribune, 9 October 1932, page unknown.

364 Gordon: Fried, pp. 179-81; Rockaway, pp. 111-15, 191-13; Cohen (Tough Jews), p. 141.

364 Groody: http://www.musicalsonbroadway.net/article1014.html; NY Times, 17 September 1961, p. 86.

364 Guinan: Shirley, pp. 113-7; Bloom, pp. 135-06.

365 Hearst: Swanberg, passim; Nasaw, passim.

365 Hines: NY Amsterdam News, 4 June 1938, p. 14; NY Times, March 26, 1957, pp. 1, 38; Connable and Silberfarb, pp. 289-90; Gosch and Hammer, p. 185; Allen (The Tiger), pp. 257-58; Smith (Thomas E. Dewey and His Times), pp. 147, 251-52, 255-59, 282-85, 654. Before the Hines trial began, the Roosevelt White House called judge Pecora to comment on what an excellent gubernatorial candidate he might make. He took the hint, overruling Dewey at virtually every turn. His ultimate declaration of a mistrial raised a chorus of protest.

365 Hirsch: http://www.tsha.utexas.edu/handbook/online/articles/view/HH/ fhi34.html.

365 Hoff: World Encyclopedia of Organized Crime CD-ROM; http://cyberboxingzone.com/boxing/wailllOO-booboo.htm.

365 Hylan: Jackson, pp. 577-78; Walsh, p. 211; Mitgang, p. 169; http://www.udrrhs.org/htmi/hylan.htm.

366 Jackson: Asinof, p. 330; Frommer, pp. 176-81; Betts, pp. 229-230.

366 Johnson: Pietrusza, Silverman, and Gershman, p. 563.

366 Joyce: Rosenblum, passim.

367 Lansky: Lacey, passim; World Encyclopedia of Organized Crime CD-ROM.

367 Levy: NY Times, 22 November 1955, p. 35.

367 Lindy: Bloom, pp. 207-09; Ritter (East Side, West Side), p. 200.

368 Lorraine: http://www.geocities.com/RainForest/5862/haroldreviews.html; http://www.blockbuster.com/bb/movie/details/0,4241,VID-V ++++20813,00.html; http://www. blockbuster.com/bb/movie/details/0,4241,VID-V+++ 130081,00.html.

368 Luciano: World Encyclopedia of Organized Crime CD-ROM; Gosch and Hammer, passim.

369 Lustig: NY Journal-American, 15 May 1946; NY Times, 16 May 1946; NY Times, 18 May 1946; NY Times, 21 May 1946; NY Journal-American, 23 May 1946; NY Times, 18 September 1958, p. 31; NY Herald Tribune, 18 September 1958; NY Daily News, 25 September 1958; NY WorldTelegraph, 25 September 1958; NY Eve.Post, 7 November 1960; NY Daily News, 8 November 1960; NY Daily Mirror, 8 November 1960; Betts, p. 223.

369 Maharg: Correspondence of Burton B. Fagan to Hy Turkin, 30 November 1948, Billy Maharg File, National Baseball Library; Correspondence of Daniel Neveling to Bill Haber, 18 May 1982, Billy Maharg File, National Baseball Library; 1954 Official Baseball Guide, p. 179.

370 Mancuso: Lavine, pp. 51, 200; NY Eve. Post, 21 November 1929, p. 1; NY Times, 10 July 1970, p. 33; Thomson and Raymond, p. 207.

370 Manton: Mitgang, p. 103; 107 E2d 834 (2d Cir. 1939), cert. denied, 309 U.S. 664, 60 S.Ct. 590, 84 L.Ed. 1012 (1940); http://www.barefootsworld.net/ outoforder.html.

370 Marshall: Klein, p. 314.

370 McGee: NY Times, 27 February 1934, p. 13; NY Times, 28 February 1934, p. 20; NY Times, 2 March 1934, p. 42; NY Sun, 27 February 1934, page unknown; NY American, 27 February 1934, page unknown; NY Journal, 28 February 1934, page unknown.

371 McGraw: Pietrusza, Silverman, and Gershman, pp. 752-53; Koppett, p. 67.

371 McLaughlin: NY Times, 8 December 1967, p. 42; Pietrusza, Silverman, and Gershman, p. 848.

371 Frank McManus: NY Herald-Tribune, 22 May 1931; NY Times, 22 May 1931, p. 13; NY Times, 23 May 1931, p. 2; http://www.crimemagazine.com/ higgins.htm.

371 George McManus: NY Times, 30 August 1940, p. 38; NY Times, 1 September 1940, p. 7; Betts, p. 237; NY Daily News, 29 August 1940; NY Journal-American, 29 August 1940; NY Sun, 29 August 1940; NY Daily News, 19 June 1934.

372 Stephen B. McManus: NY Times, 20 December 1930; NY Times, 8 April 1934; Stephen B. McManus's NYPD pension card. In August 1943, Manhattan District Attorney Frank Hogan was wiretapping Frank Costello. One conversation Hogan taped featured Aurelio telling Costello, "right now I want to assure you of my loyalty for all you have done. It's undying." Aurelio explained, "That's just the way some Italians express things," and won election to State Supreme Court that November. He remained there until his death at age eighty-one in 1973.

372 McQuade: NY Times, 7 April 1955, p. 27; Graham (McGraw of the Giants), pp. 244-47; Durso (The Days of Mr. McGraw), p. 211; Lavine, p. 200.

373 Medalie: NY Times, 6 March 1946, p. 27; Mayer (Emory Buckner), p. 267.

373 Meehan: NY Journal American, 13 November 1946; NY Journal-American, 29 December 1937; NY World Telegraph, 12 November 1946; NY Daily Mirror, 13 November 1946.

373 Mizner: Johnston, passim; World Encyclopedia of Organized Crime CD-ROM.

373 Moran: NY Times, 22 March 1930, p. 1; Levine, pp. 64-65; World Encyclopedia of Organized Crime CD-ROM.

374 Murray: NY Times, 15 October 1967, p. 85; Thomson and Raymond, p. 339.

374 Nichols: NY Times, September 16, 1966 p. 37.

374 Norton: NY American, 2 February 1930, page unknown; http://www.ibdb.com/production.asp?ID=11110; Arnold Rothstein FBI file, B. E. Sackett to J. Edgar Hoover, 11 June 1934; NY Daily Mirror, September 8, 1935, page unknown; NY Times, September 13, 1935, p. 6.

375 O'Farrell: NY Times, 8 October 1934, p. 17.

375 Pecora: Liberty, 24 May 1930, p. 60; NY Times, 8 December 1971, p. 40.

375 Raymond: NY Daily Mirror, 5 April 1929; NY Journal, 18 November 1931; NY American, 19 November 1931; NY Daily Mirror, 19 November 1931; NY American, 17 December 1931; NY American, 27 May 1936; NY Times, 3 February 1932; Betts, pp. 257-58; Arnold Rothstein FBI File, Character of Case: Kidnapping and Murder of Charles A. Lindbergh, Jr., 1/11/34; Anthony, pp. 133-35, 540-41; Waller (Kidnap), pp. 19, 38-42, 72, 86-89, 96-97,156-57,187-91.

376 Reynolds: http://www.lihistory.com/spectown/hist003n.htm; http://www.geocities.com/nyskyscrapers/chrysler.html.

376 Rice: Washburn and De Long, pp. 37-39.

376 Rickard: Kahn (A Flame of Pure Fire), pp. 429-30.

376 Rose: Root (The Life and Bad Times of Charlie Becker), p. 286; Logan, p. 226; http://www.mindspring.com/historic-ny/cocktail.htm.

377 Rosoff: NY Times, 10 April 1951, p. 27; NY Times, 20 April 1951, p. 18; NY Times, 3 August 1975.

377 Abraham Rothstein: NY Times, 21 November 1939, p. 26.

377 Arnold Rothstein: NY Times, 28 April 1939, p. 16. Alice Terry (1899-1987), wife of director Rex Ingram, starred in The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse (1921) opposite Rudolph Valentino. She retired when talkies arrived.

378 Esther Rothstein: NY Times, 8 June 1936, p. 19.

378 Carolyn Rothstein:Rothstein, pp. vii-viii; NY Journal, 14 November 1928, p. 5; NY American, 5 January 1939, p. 1; NY Times, 24 March 1934, p. 20; NY Times, 26 May 1934, p. 12; NY Times, 3 June 1934, Section IX, p. 3; NY Times, 26 August 1934, p. 12; Variety, 29 May 1934; NY Journal, 25 August 1934; The American Film Institute Catalog of Feature Films, 1931-1 940, pp. 1534-35.

378 Rothstone: NY Times, 14 March 1936, p. 11; NY Times, 16 March 1953, p. 19.

378 Runyon: Breslin, passim; Weiner, passim; Runyon, passim; Gabler, pp. 345-51

379 Schultz: Thomson and Raymond, pp. 305-313; World Encyclopedia of Organized Crime CD-ROM.

379 Seabury: Mitgang, passim.

379 Shapiro: NY Times, 10 June 1947, p. 56; Cohen (Tough Jews), pp. 183-84.

380 Shalleck: Thomson and Raymond, pp. 167-68, 172-74; NY Times, 24 November 1983, p. B16.

380 Sheridan: NY Times, 12 October 1935.

380 Sinclair: http://sinclair.quarterman.org/who/harry_of_oil.html.

380 Sloan: Ritter (East Side, West Side), p. 154.

380 Smith: Jackson, p. 1079.

380 Stajer: Arnold Rothstein FBI file, Memorandum of 6 October 1934; NY Times, 12 December 1940, p. 16; Cavalier, October 1961, p. 13.

381 Stoneham: 1936 Spalding Official Base Ball Guide, p 308; Pietrusza, Silverman, and Gershman, pp. 1090-091.

382 Steuer: NY Times, 22 August 1940, pp. 1, 19.

382 James M. Sullivan: Logan, pp. 281-82; http://www.usemb.gov.do/Ambas- sador/pastambassadors.htm.

382 "Sport" Sullivan: Sporting News, 21 October 1926, p. 1; Sporting News, 18 November 1926, p. 1.

382 Swope: Kahn (The World of Swope), passim; Lewis, passim; Logan, pp. 338-40.

382 Tennes: http://crimemagazine.com/racewirel.htm.

383 Terranova: NY Times, 19 February 1938, p. 8; May, Allan, "Tales of the Artichoke King," http://www.crimemagazine.com/lunch.htm; World Encyclopedia of Organized Crime CD-ROM.

383 Thompson: Davis, pp. 226-29; Dallas Morning News, 4 November 1999.

383 Tunney: http://www.genetunney.com/magazine43.html, http://www.gene- tunney.com/magazine44.html.

384 Valentine: Valentine, passim; Limpus, passim; Jackson, p. 1220.

384 Vitale: NY Times, September 9, 1949, p. 26.

384 Walker: Mitgang, p. 354; Walsh, pp. 333-41.

384 Waller:Waller, passim.

384 Walsh: Thomson and Raymond, p. 71; Katcher, p. 343; Crouse, pp. 145-46; Levine, p. 66; NY Times, 22 March 1930, p. 10.

385 Warren: Fowler (Beau James), p. 234; Walsh, p. 211.

385 Watson: http://uts.cc.utexas.edu/kensicki/watson-pers.html.

385 Weeghman: NY Times, 3 November 1938, p. 23.

385 Weinberg: Cohen (Tough Jews), p. 163; Lacey, pp. 63-64, 65; Gosch and Hammer, pp. 182-83, 184; Fried, pp. 189-90.

385 Wellman: NY Times, 8 April 1931, p. 23; NY Times, 8 August 1934, page unknown; NY American, September 9, 1935, page unknown; NY American, 28 December 1934, page unknown; NY Journal, 8 March 1935, page unknown; NY Journal, 9 August 1934, page unknown; NY Journal, September 10, 1935, page unknown; Caro, p. 377.

386 Whitman: NY Times, March 30, 1947, pp. 1, 56; Mitgang, pp. 112-13; Kohler (Ardent Sprits), p. 346; Logan, pp. 336-38.

387 Zork: NY Times, 19 January 1947, p. 53.