Chapter 2: Pre-Conquest Queens
1 Asser, chapter 13 (in Keynes and Lapidge 2004:72)
2 Stafford 1997:56
3 Stafford 1983:2
4 Charter LVI (in Pierquin 1912:417)
5 Asser, chapter 2 (in Keynes and Lapidge 2004:68)
6 Asser, chapter 23 (in Keynes and Lapidge 2004:75)
7 William of Malmesbury (in Preest 2002:124)
8 William of Malmesbury (in Preest 2002:124)
9 William of Malmesbury (in Preest 2002:127)
10 Asser, chapter 2 (in Keynes and Lapidge 2004:68)
11 Florence of Worcester (in Stevenson 1987:214 and 234)
12 Encomium Emmae Reginae (in Campbell 1998:33)
13 Regularis Concordia (in Symons 1953:2)
14 Aelfric’s Life of St Aethelwold (in Whitelock 1979:905)
15 Life of King Edward who Rests at Westminster (in Barlow 1962:41)
16 Life of King Edward who Rests at Westminster (in Barlow 1962:41)
17 Cnut practised polygamy, maintaining both Emma of Normandy and Aelfgifu of Northampton as his queens
Chapter 3: Incestuous Queens
1 Nelson 1992:136
2 William of Malmesbury (in Stephenson 1989:88)
3 Simeon of Durham (in Stevenson 1987:53)
4 Florence of Worcester (in Stevenson 1853:209)
5 Asser chapter 13 (in Keynes and Lapidge 2004:72)
6 Annals of St Bertin’s (in Whitelock 1979:343)
7 Annals of St Bertin’s (in Whitelock 1979:343)
8 Kirby 2000:165
9 Stafford 1990a:146
10 William of Malmesbury (in Stephenson 1989:94)
11 Asser chapter 12 (in Keynes and Lapidge 2004:70)
12 William of Malmesbury (in Stephenson 1989:95)
13 Asser chapter 13 (in Keynes and Lapidge 2004:71)
14 Anglo-Saxon Chronicle A for 855 (in Swanton 2000:66)
15 William of Malmesbury (in Stephenson 1989:95)
16 Bede II.5 (in Shirley-Price 1990:112)
17 Asser chapter 17 (in Keynes and Lapidge 2004:73)
18 William of Malmesbury (in Stephenson 1989:97)
19 Asser chapter 12 (in Keynes and Lapidge 2004:70)
20 Kirby 2000:167
21 A grant by Aethelbald of land at Teffont (Charter 3 in Kelly 1996:16-17)
22 Simeon of Durham (in Stevenson 1987:54)
23 Nelson 1992:203
24 Stafford 1998:87
25 Nelson 1992:203
26 Chronicle of Aethelweard (in Campbell 1962:55)
27 Life of St Dunstan (in Whitelock 1979:901)
28 Life of St Dunstan (in Whitelock 1979:90)
29 Stafford 1990b:61
30 Stafford 1990b:61
31 William of Malmesbury (in Preest 2002:275)
32 William of Malmesbury (in Stephenson 1989:128)
33 Stafford 1989:48
34 Yorke 1997:77
35 S1292 (in Sawyer 1968:373)
36 Yorke 1997:78
37 Florence of Worcester (in Stevenson 1853:944) and Simeon of Durham (in Stevenson 1987:91) for example
38 Anglo-Saxon Chronicle D for 958 (in Swanton 2000:113)
39 Simeon of Durham (in Stevenson 1987:91)
40 William of Malmesbury (in Preest 2002:17)
41 William of Malmesbury (in Stephenson 1989:129)
Chapter 4: Murder & Adultery in the Anglo-Saxon Court
1 Simeon of Durham for 802 (in Stevenson 1987:50)
2 Simeon of Durham for 802 (in Stevenson 1987:50)
3 Anglo-Saxon Chronicle A for 787 (actually 789) (in Swanton 2000:54)
4 Anglo-Saxon Chronicle A for 836 (actually 839) (in Swanton 2000:62)
5 Asser chapter 13 (in Keynes and Lapidge 2004:72)
6 Asser chapter 15 (in Keynes and Lapidge 2004:72)
7 Asser chapter 15 (in Keynes and Lapidge 2004:72)
8 Asser chapter 15 (in Keynes and Lapidge 2004:72)
9 Asser chapter 13 (in Keynes and Lapidge 2004:71)
10 Stafford 2001:259
11 Anglo-Saxon Chronicle E for 1043 (actually 1045) (in Swanton 2000:165)
12 William of Malmesbury (in Stephenson 1989:185-6)
13 William of Malmesbury (in Stephenson 1989:186)
14 Florence of Worcester (in Douglas and Greenaway 1981:221)
15 Florence of Worcester (in Douglas and Greenaway 1981:221)
16 Life of King Edward who Rests at Westminster (in Barlow 1962:23)
17 Life of King Edward who Rests at Westminster (in Barlow 1962:31)
18 Simeon of Durham (in Stevenson 1987:130)
19 Stafford 2001:271
20 William of Malmesbury (in Stephenson 1989:191)
21 Life of King Edward who Rests at Westminster (in Barlow 1962:54)
22 Anglo-Saxon Chronicle E for 1075 (in Swanton 2000:212)
23 Gaimar line 3601 (in Hardy and Martin 1888, discussed in Wright 1939:148)
24 William of Malmesbury (in Stephenson 1989:139)
25 Gaimar line 3731 (in Hardy and Martin 1888, discussed in Wright 1939)
26 William of Malmesbury (in Stephenson 1989:140)
27 William of Malmesbury (in Stephenson 1989:140)
28 William of Malmesbury (in Stephenson 1989:140)
29 Historia Eliensis, quoted and translated in Wright 1939:158-9
30 Historia Eliensis, quoted and translated in Wright 1939:159
31 Historia Eliensis, quoted and translated in Wright 1939:160
32 William of Malmesbury (in Stephenson 1989:141)
33 In the New Minster Charter of 966, Edmund witness above Edward and he is described as the king’s legitimate son, as opposed to Edward, who is simply the king’s son (in Miller 2001:103)
34 Anglo-Saxon Chronicle E for 970 (in Swanton 2000:119)
35 Anglo-Saxon Chronicle D for 975 (in Swanton 2000:121)
36 Life of St Oswald by Byrhtferth of Ramsey (in Whitelock 1979:912)
37 Life of St Oswald by Byrhtferth of Ramsey (in Whitelock 1979:914)
38 Life of St Oswald by Byrhtferth of Ramsey (in Whitelock 1979:914)
39 William of Malmesbury (in Stephenson 1989:143)
40 William of Malmesbury (in Stephenson 1989:145)
41 Florence of Worcester (in Stephenson 1853:87)
42 William of Malmesbury (in Stephenson 1989:140)
43 William of Malmesbury (in Stephenson 1989:144)
Chapter 5: Female Power Struggles
1 Letter of Pope John XV to all the faithful, concerning the reconciliation of Ethelred, King of England, and Richard, Duke of Normandy (in Whitelock 1979:894-5)
2 Anglo-Saxon Chronicle E for 1000 (in Swanton 2000:133)
3 Anglo-Saxon Chronicle E for 1002 (in Swanton 2000:134)
4 Anglo-Saxon Chronicle F for 1003 (in Swanton 2000:134)
5 Anglo-Saxon Chronicle E for 1013 (in Swanton 2000:143)
6 Anglo-Saxon Chronicle E for 1013 (in Swanton 2000:143)
7 Anglo-Saxon Chronicle E for 1013 (in Swanton 2000:144)
8 Anglo-Saxon Chronicle E for 1013 (in Swanton 2000:144)
9 Anglo-Saxon Chronicle E for 1014 (in Swanton 2000:144)
10 William of Malmesbury (in Stephenson 1989:164)
11 William of Malmesbury (in Stephenson 1989:164)
12 Anglo-Saxon Chronicle E for 1016 (in Swanton 2000:146)
13 Life of King Edward who Rests at Westminster (in Barlow 1962:8)
14 Anglo-Saxon Chronicle E for 1016 (in Swanton 2000:148)
15 Anglo-Saxon Chronicle E for 1016 (in Swanton 2000:153)
16 Encomium Emmae Reginae Book II chapter 16 (in Campbell 1998:33)
17 Encomium Emmae Reginae Book II chapter 16 (in Campbell 1998:33)
18 Anglo-Saxon Chronicle E for 1017 (in Swanton 2000:155)
19 Encomium Emmae Reginae Book II chapter 16 (in Campbell 1998:35)
20 Campbell 1971:69
21 Campbell 1971:69
22 Stafford 1997:226
23 Stafford 1997:229
24 For example, she is described as a queen in a grant by Cnut of lands at Landrake and Tinnel in 1018 (in Whitelock 1979:597-599) and as Cnut’s consort in a charter recording the restoration of lands to the New Minster at Winchester in 1019 (in Whitelock 1979:599-601)
25 Stafford 1997:233
26 Old English Letter of Wulfstan, Archbishop of York, informing King Cnut and Queen Aelfgifu that he has consecrated the Archbishop of Canterbury (in Whitelock 1979:601-2)
27 Strachan 2004:106
28 Stenton 1971:405
29 Campbell 1971:74
30 Campbell 1971:74
31 St Olaf’s Saga (in Hollander 2002:525)
32 St Olaf’s Saga (in Hollander 2002:525)
33 Campbell 1971:74
34 St Olaf’s Saga (in Hollander 2002:528)
35 St Olaf’s Saga (in Hollander 2002:528-30)
36 Campbell 1971:75
37 Anglo-Saxon Chronicle E for 1036 (actually 1035) (in Swanton 2000:159)
38 Encomium Emmae Reginae, Book III chapter 1 (in Campbell 1998:41)
39 Anglo-Saxon Chronicle E for 1036 (actually 1035) (in Swanton 2000:159)
40 Florence of Worcester (in Whitelock 1979:315)
41 Florence of Worcester (in Whitelock 1979:315)
42 Encomium Emmae Reginae Book III chapter 1 (in Campbell 1998:41)
43 Stafford 1997:239
44 Encomium Emmae Reginae Book III chapter 2 (in Campbell 1998:41)
45 Encomium Emmae Reginae Book III chapter 3 (in Campbell 1998:43)
46 Simeon of Durham (in Stevenson 1987:115)
47 Anglo-Saxon Chronicle A for 1037 (in Swanton 2000:160)
48 Encomium Emmae Reginae Book III chapter 8 (in Campbell 1998:49)
49 Campbell 1971:78
50 Encomium Emmae Reginae Book III chapter 14 (in Campbell 1998:53)
51 Anglo-Saxon Chronicle C for 1043 (in Swanton 2000:162)
52 Anglo-Saxon Chronicle D for 1052 (Swanton 2000:176)
Chapter 6: Post-Conquest Queens
1 Matilda was the only child of Count Eustace of Boulogne and, on her marriage, her father abdicated in favour of Stephen (in the Gesta Stephani, chapter 2 in Potter 1976:5). Eleanor of Aquitaine was the eldest of the two daughters of William X, Duke of Aquitaine.
2 Mitchell 1986:30
3 Patterson 1973:5
4 Warren 1997:66
5 Orderic Vitalis (in Chibnall 1968:211)
6 Orderic Vitalis (in Chibnall 1968:223)
7 Honeycutt 2003:91
8 William of Malmesbury (in Mynors 1998:757)
9 Honeycutt 2002:122
10 For example, Matilda of Boulogne led an army to besiege Dover in the name of her husband (Tanner 2002:140)
Chapter 7: Arrogance & Pride
1 Chibnall 1991:9
2 Henry of Huntingdon, iii.27 (in Greenaway 2002:52)
3 Anglo-Saxon Chronicle E for 1110 (in Swanton 2000:242)
4 Henry of Huntingdon, iii.27 (in Greenaway 2002:52)
5 John of Worcester (in McGurk 1998:135)
6 Pain 1978:15
7 Henry of Huntingdon, iii.36 (in Greenaway 2002:58)
8 Pain 1978:17
9 William of Malmesbury (in King and Potter 1998:7)
10 William of Malmesbury (in King and Potter 1998:7)
11 William of Malmesbury (in King and Potter 1998:7)
12 William of Malmesbury (in King and Potter 1998:19)
13 Pain 1978:26
14 Pain 1978:26
15 Chibnall 1991:60
16 Chibnall 1994:277
17 Henry of Huntingdon, iii.41 (in Greenway 2002:63)
18 Pain 1978:28
19 Chibnall 1991:70
20 Henry of Huntingdon, iii.43 (in Greenway 2002:63)
21 Henry of Huntingdon, iii.43 (in Greenway 2002:64)
22 William of Malmesbury (in King and Potter 1998:25)
23 William of Malmesbury (in King and Potter 1998:27)
24 Gesta Stephani, chapter 2 (in Potter 1976:5)
25 Chibnall 1991:198
26 John of Worcester (in McGurk 1998:253)
27 John of Worcester (in McGurk 1998:269)
28 John of Worcester (in McGurk 1998:269)
29 John of Worcester (in McGurk 1998:271)
30 John of Worcester (in McGurk 1998:293)
31 William of Malmesbury (in King and Potter 1998:87)
32 Gesta Stephani, chapter 58 (in Potter 1976:119)
33 Gesta Stephani, chapter 58 (in Potter 1976:121)
34 Gesta Stephani, chapter 61 (in Potter 1976:123)
35 Gesta Stephani, chapter 61 (in Potter 1976:123)
36 Gesta Stephani (in Potter 1976:121)
37 Gesta Stephani (in Potter 1976:121)
38 Gesta Stephani (in Potter 1976:121)
39 Gesta Stephani, chapter 60 (in Potter 1976:123)
40 Gesta Stephani, chapter 60 (in Potter 1976:123)
41 Gesta Stephani (in Potter 1976:125)
42 Gesta Stephani (in Potter 1976:127)
43 Gesta Stephani (in Potter 1976:125)
44 Gesta Stephani (in Potter 1976:127)
45 Henry of Huntingdon (in Greenway 2002:81)
46 Gesta Stephani (in Potter 1976:129)
47 Gesta Stephani (in Potter 1976:133)
48 Anglo-Saxon Chronicle E for 1141 (in Swanton 2000:266)
49 John of Worcester (in McGurk 1998:305)
50 Pain 1978:126
51 Gesta Stephani (in Potter 1976:143)
52 Pain 1978:126
53 Chibnall 1991:151
54 Chibnall 1991:160
55 Henry of Huntingdon (in Douglas and Greenaway 1981:334)
Chapter 8: Rebellion & Infidelity
1 Meade 1977:19
2 Meade 1977:19
3 Meade 1977:32
4 Meade 1977:37
5 Boyd 2004:15
6 Boyd 2004:13
7 Meade 1977:47
8 Weir 1999:18
9 Meade 1977:51
10 Meade 1977:51
11 Meade 1977:63
12 Boyd 2004:55
13 Boyd 2004:56
14 Weir 1999:42
15 Weir 1999:42
16 Weir 1999:43
17 Boyd 2004:45
18 Weir 1999:45-6
19 Odo of Deuil, Book I (in Berry 1948:9)
20 Weir 1999:51
21 William of Newburgh, chapter 20(1) (in Walsh and Kennedy 1988:93)
22 William of Newburgh, chapter 31(1) (in Walsh and Kennedy 1988:129)
23 William of Newburgh, chapter 20(1) (in Walsh and Kennedy 1988:93)
24 Odo of Deuil, Book IV (in Berry 1948:67)
25 Meade 1977:116
26 Odo of Deuil, Book VI (in Berry 1948:117)
27 Odo of Deuil, Book VI (in Berry 1948:119)
28 Strickland 1851:247
29 Odo of Deuil, Book VII (in Berry 1948:131)
30 Meade 1977:124
31 Meade 1977:124
32 John of Salisbury, XXIII (in Chibnall 1986:53)
33 John of Salisbury, XXIII (in Chibnall 1986:53)
34 Meade 1977:144
35 Meade 1977:153
36 Meade 1977:156
37 Gerald of Wales (in Douglas and Greenaway 1987:415)
38 William of Newburgh, chapter 31(2) (in Walsh and Kennedy 1988:129)
39 William of Newburgh, chapter 31(2) (in Walsh and Kennedy 1988:129)
40 Gerald of Wales (in Douglas and Greenaway 1987:411)
41 Capgrave (in Hingeston 1858:140)
42 Meade 1977:180
43 Meade 1977:181
44 Weir 1999:99
45 Weir 1999:94
46 Meade 1977:197
47 Meade 1977:198
48 Meade 1977:207
49 Meade 1977:219
50 Boyd 2004:154
51 Kelly 1950:109
52 Meade 1977:222
53 Boyd 2004:154
54 William of Newburgh (in Douglas and Greenaway 1981:363)
55 Weir 1999:173
56 Meade 1977:288
57 Boyd 2004:205
58 Meade 1977:336
59 Kelly 1950:190
60 Kelly 1950:226
61 Meade 1977:366
62 Weir 1999:255
63 Matthew Paris (in Richard 1874:347)
64 Martindale 2003:143
65 Boyd 2004:241
66 Richard of Devizes (in Appleby 1963:14)
67 Richard of Devizes (in Appleby 1963:14)
68 Richard of Devizes (in Appleby 1963:49)
69 Richard of Devizes (in Appleby 1963:61)
70 Kelly 1950:303
71 Boyd 2004:273
72 Meade 1977:392
73 Crawford 2002:36
74 Crawford 2002:40
75 Boyd 2004:280
76 Boyd 2004:298
77 Kelly 1950:360
78 Warren 1997:77
79 Warren 1997:79
80 Warren 1997:83
81 Meade 1977:434
Chapter 9: ‘More Jezebel than Isabel’
1 Vincent 2003:174
2 Vincent 2003:175
3 Warren 1997:67
4 Cazel and Painter 1948:82
5 Cazel and Painter 1948:82
6 Weir 1999:336
7 Boyd 2004:313
8 Strickland 1851:332
9 Boyd 2004:312
10 Boyd 2004:313
11 Weir 1999:336
12 Weir 1999:337
13 Strickland 1851:332
14 Boyd 2004:314
15 Richardson 1946:296
16 Warren 1997:75
17 Warren 1997:84
18 Strickland 1851:335
19 Warren 1997:86
20 Warren 1997:93
21 Warren 1997:95
22 Vincent 2003:183
23 Warren 1997:169
24 Vincent 2003:193
25 Strickland 1851:344
26 Vincent 2003:193
27 Matthew Paris (in Richardson 1874:563)
28 Vincent 2003:203
29 Strickland 1851:340
30 Vincent 2003:198
31 Vincent 2003:198
32 Snellgrove 1950:13
33 Vincent 2003:195
34 Vincent 2003:195
35 Matthew Paris (in Richardson 1874:647
36 Matthew Paris (in Richardson 1874:653-633)
37 Matthew Paris (in Richardson 1874:668)
38 Strickland 1851:347
39 Warren 1997:236
40 A papal letter of February 1215 instructs the Bishops of Chichester, Bath and Exeter to restrain those interfering with Isabella’s property (in Snellgrove 1950:11)
41 Vincent 1950:206
42 Crawford 2002:53
43 Snellgrove 1950:14
44 Snellgrove 1950:15
45 Vincent 2003:209
46 Vincent 2003:209
47 Vincent 2003:210
48 Snellgrove 1950:17
49 Vincent 2003:211
50 Snellgrove 1950:17
51 Strickland 1851:354
52 Snellgrove 1950:20
53 Strickland 1851:554
54 Matthew Paris (in Vaughan 1984:109)
55 According to Mathew Paris, three half-brothers and a half-sister of Henry III arrived in England in 1247, for example (in Vaughan 1984:109)
Chapter 10: Nepotism & Greed
1 Biles 1983:113
2 Strickland 1844:22
3 Biles 1983:113
4 Biles 1983:114
5 Howell 1998:23
6 Biles 1983:114
7 Strickland 1844:80
8 Howell 1998:27
9 Howell 1998:27
10 Letter CCCCXCVII Henry III to Alexander III of Scots, 2 July 1253 (in Shirley 1866:99)
11 Howell 1998:101
12 Howell 1998:102
13 Howell 1998:130
14 Howell 1998:132
15 Ridgeway 1989:591
16 Ridgeway 1989:592
17 Ridgeway 1989:592
18 Howell 1998:33
19 Howell 1998:54
20 Matthew Paris (in Rothwell 1975:127)
21 Biles 1983:114
22 Howell 1998:116
23 Prestwich 1997:9
24 Parsons 1998:12
25 Capgrave (in Hingeston 1858:157)
26 Parsons 1977:7
27 Parsons 1998:18
28 Prestwich 1997:22
29 Biles 1983:121
30 Biles 1983:123
31 The Annals of Dunstable (in Rothwell 1975:201)
32 Annals of Dunstable (in Rothwell 1975:201)
33 Annals of Dunstable (in Rothwell 1975:201)
34 Annals of Dunstable (in Rothwell 1975:202)
35 Annals of Dunstable (in Rothwell 1975:202)
36 Annals of Dunstable (in Rothwell 1975:203)
37 Annals of Dunstable (in Rothwell 1975:205)
38 Annals of Dunstable (in Rothwell 1975:207)
39 Parsons 1998:24
40 Annales Londonienses (in Stubbs 1858:64)
41 Annals of Dunstable (in Rothwell 1975:207)
42 Annals of Dunstable (in Rothwell 1975:207)
43 Biles 1983:127
44 Annales Londonienses (in Stubbs 1882:68)
45 Biles 1983:128
46 Annales Londoniensis (in Stubbs 1882:71)
47 Parsons 1998:25
48 Strickland 1844:155
49 For example, Capgrave says Joan of Acre was born during the crusade(in Hingeston 1858:168)
50 Capgrave (in Hingeston 1858:162)
51 Camden (in Piggott 1971:321)
52 Prestwich 1997:78
53 Powrie 1990:9
54 Powrie 1990:9
55 Prestwich 1997:126
56 Prestwich 1997:126
57 Parsons 1977:7
58 Prestwich 1997:126
59 Crawford 2002:60
60 Parsons 1998:37
61 Biles 1983:129
62 Crawford 2002:73
63 Prestwich 1997:124
64 Prestwich 1997:125
65 Prestwich 1997:104
66 Parsons 1998:78
67 Parsons 1998:124
68 Prestwich 1997:124
69 Parsons 1998:113
70 Prestwich 1997:43
71 Parsons 1998:44
72 Parsons 1998:44
73 Camden (in Piggott 1971:285)
74 Camden (in Piggott 1971:321)
75 Parsons 1991:23
76 Howell 1998:309
Chapter 11: The She-Wolf of France
1 The Chronicle of Lanercost (in Maxwell 1913:180)
2 Weir 2005:6
3 Froissart (in Johnes 1901:2)
4 Doherty 2003:43
5 Chronicle of Lanercost (in Maxwell 1913:186)
6 Annales Paulini (in Stubbs 1882:258)
7 Weir 2005:19
8 Weir 2005:20
9 Strickland 1844:214
10 Annales Paulini (in Stubbs 1882:262)
11 Capgrave (in Hingeston 1858:74)
12 Weir 2005:36
13 Weir 2005:31
14 The Chronicle of Lanercost (in Maxwell 1913:186)
15 The Chronicle of Lanercost (in Maxwell 1913:187)
16 Weir 2005:49
17 Strickland 1844:218
18 The Chronicle of Lanercost (in Maxwell 1913:196)
19 Strickland 1844:223
20 The Chronicle of Lanercost (in Maxwell 1913:198)
21 Menache 1984:108
22 Weir 2005:71
23 Capgrave (in Hingeston 1858:179)
24 Menache 1984:108
25 Menache 1984:108
26 Conway Davies 1967:105
27 Conway Davies 1967:106
28 Weir 2005:92
29 Weir 2005:96
30 Weir 2005:100
31 Annales Paulini (in Stubbs 1882:279 and 291)
32 Doherty 2003:62
33 Doherty 2003:66
34 Weir 2005:131
35 Capgrave (in Hingeston 1858:188)
36 Capgrave (in Hingeston 1858:188)
37 Fryde 1979:18
38 Annales Paulini (in Stubbs 1882:307)
39 Weir 2005:160
40 Chronicle of Lanercost (in Maxwell 1913:249)
41 Annales Paulini (in Stubbs 1882:308)
42 Chronicle of Lanercost (in Maxwell 1913:249)
43 Froissart (in Johnes 1901:3)
44 Chronicle of Lanercost (in Maxwell 1913:249)
45 Chronicle of Lanercost (in Maxwell 1913:250)
46 Chronicle of Lanercost (in Maxwell 1913:250)
47 Mortimer 2003:147
48 Chronicle of Lanercost (in Maxwell 1913:251)
49 Crawford 2002:88
50 Menache 1984:111
51 Crawford 2002:89
52 Annales Paulini (in Stubbs 1882:316)
53 Chronicle of Lanercost (in Maxwell 1913:251)
54 Weir 2005:236
55 Chronicle of Lanercost (in Maxwell 1913:253)
56 Annales Paulini (in Stubbs 1882:319)
57 Pipewell Chronicle (in Rothwell 1975:287)
58 Chronicle of Lanercost (in Maxwell 1913:287)
59 Weir 2005:255
60 Capgrave (in Hingeston 1858:198)
61 Capgrave (in Hingeston 1858:198)
62 Capgrave (in Hingeston 1858:198)
63 Capgrave (in Hingeston 1858:198)
64 Chronicle of Lanercost (in Maxwell 1913:260)
65 Chronicon Galfridi le Baker de Swynbroke (in Myers 1969:50)
66 Chronicon Galfridi le Baker de Swynbroke (in Myers 1969:50)
67 Geoffrey Le Baker, Chronicle (in Myers 1969:52)
68 Geoffrey Le Baker, Chronicle (in Myers 1969:53)
69 Chronicle of Lanercost (in Maxwell 1913:266)
70 Bond 1853:454
71 Bond 1853:455
72 Bond 1853:462
73 Doherty 2003:179
74 Thomas Grey (in Starr and Hendrickson 1966:20)
Chapter 12: Later Medieval & Tudor Queens
1 Hall’s Chronicle (Johnson, et al, 1809:477)
2 Hall’s Chronicle (Johnson, et al, 1809:477)
3 Foxe 1965:559
4 Foxe 1965:559
5 Catherine of Aragon was appointed as regent in 1513 when Henry VIII invaded France (Hall’s Chronicle in Johnson, et al, 1809:548) and Catherine Parr when Henry VIII invaded France in 1544 (Fraser 1992:372)
6 Most people in England apparently accepted that Elizabeth’s claim to the throne, as the eldest daughter of Edward IV, was stronger than that of her husband, Henry VII (Francis Bacon in Lumby 1885:8)
7 Francis Bacon in Lumby 1885:8
Chapter 13: Witchcraft
1 Howitt p158
2 Jones 2000:2
3 Strickland 1844:46
4 Strickland 1844:47
5 Jones 2000:4
6 Howitt p161
7 Jones 2000:6
8 Strickland 1844:162
9 Jones 2000:8
10 Strohm 1998:155
11 John Hayward (in Manning 1991:180)
12 Kirby 1970:135
13 Jones 2000:11
14 John Hayward (in Manning 1991:180)
15 Strohm 1998:157
16 Strohm 1998:157
17 Jones 2000:14
18 Strickland 1844:85
19 Strickland 1844:89
20 Strickland 1844:83
21 Strickland 1844:84
22 Howitt p167
23 Strohm 1998:165
24 Eulogium Historiarum (in Myers 1969:205)
25 John Hayward (in Manning 1991:197)
26 Eulogium Historiarum (in Myers 1969:205)
27 Howitt p166
28 Howitt p166
29 Myers 1985:94
30 Myers 1985:94
31 Myers 1985:101
32 Hole 1990:119
33 The Condemnation of Eleanor Cobham for Witchcraft, 1441 (in Myers 1969:870)
34 The Trial of Eleanor Cobham (in Wilkinson 1964:59)
35 The Condemnation of Eleanor Cobham for Witchcraft, 1441 (in Myers 1969:870)
36 Hole 1990:121
37 Henry VI part II (Act II Scene 3) (Shakespeare, in Wells and Taylor 1994:68)
38 Myers 1985:96
39 Myers 1985:97
40 Myers 1985:98
41 Myers 1985:98
42 Myers 1985:102
Chapter 14: Shakespeare’s She-Wolf
1 Erlanger 1970:35
2 Erlanger 1970:50
3 Erlanger 1970:52
4 Haswell 1975:19
5 Hall’s Chronicle (Johnson, et al, 1809:203)
6 Hall’s Chronicle (Johnson, et al, 1809:204)
7 Strickland 1844:186
8 Hall’s Chronicle (Johnson, et al. 1809:205)
9 Haswell 1975:40
10 Erlanger 1970:66
11 Hall’s Chronicle (Johnson, et al, 1809:205)
12 Erlanger 1970:73
13 Maurer 2003:20
14 Haswell 1975:53
15 Milanese State Papers: Report to Bianca Maria Visconti, Duchess of Milan, 24 October 1458 (in Dockray 2000:15)
16 Bagley p45
17 Brut Chronicle (in Dockray 2000:13)
18 Erlanger 1970:88
19 Griffiths 1998:249
20 Bagley p49
21 Bagley p49
22 Hall’s Chronicle (Johnson, et al, 1809:219)
23 Haswell 1975:57
24 Bagley p67
25 Erlanger 1970:116
26 Maurer 2003:41
27 Erlanger 1970:145
28 Erlanger 1970:145
29 Whethamsted’s Register (in Dockray 2000:6)
30 Paston Letter 195 (in Gairdner 1896:263)
31 Hall’s Chronicle (Johnson, et al, 1809:230)
32 Paston Letter 195 (in Gairdner 1896:263)
33 Paston Letter 195 (in Gairdner 1896:263-264)
34 Paston Letter 195 (in Gairdner 1896:265)
35 Maurer 2003:107
36 Paston Letter 226 (in Gairdner 1896:315)
37 Maurer 2003:119
38 Maurer 2003:121
39 Maurer 2003:151
40 Maurer 2003:165
41 Maurer 2003:180
42 Erlanger 1970:167
43 Hall’s Chronicle (Johnson, et al, 1809:245)
44 Hall’s Chronicle (Johnson, et al, 1809:249)
45 Hall’s Chronicle (Johnson, et al, 1809:250)
46 Hall’s Chronicle (Johnson, et al, 1809:251)
47 Maurer 2003:197
48 Maurer 2003:201
49 Paston letter 385 (in Gairdner 1896:5)
50 Erlanger 1970:196
51 Haswell 1975:160
52 Erlanger 1970:204
53 Dockray 2000:13
54 Bagley p199
55 Bagley p200
56 Hall’s Chronicle (in Johnson, et al, 1809:386)
57 Paston Letter 668 (in Gairdner 1896:4)
58 Polydore Vergil (in Dockray 2000:14)
59 Hall’s Chronicle (in Johnson, et al, 1809:300)
60 Hall’s Chronicle (in Johnson, et al, 1809:301)
61 Paston Letter 687 (in Gairdner 1896:33)
62 Erlanger 1970:235
63 Erlanger 1970:246
Chapter 15: The Seductress
1 Baldwin 2002:1
2 Thomas Moore 2005:59
3 Baldwin 2002:5
4 Okerlund 2005:14
5 Baldwin 2002:8
6 Thomas Moore 2005:59
7 Dominic Mancini (in Armstrong 1984:61)
8 Thomas Moore 2005:59
9 Warkworth’s Chronicle (in Halliwell 1990:3)
10 Warkworth’s Chronicle (in Halliwell 1990:3)
11 Thomas Moore 2005:62
12 Dominic Mancini (in Armstrong 1984:61)
13 Dominic Mancini (in Armstrong 1984:63)
14 Laynesmith 2004:88
15 Baldwin 2002:17
16 Baldwin 2002:21
17 Laynesmith 2004:197
18 Baldwin 2002:25
19 Okerlund 2005:70
20 Baldwin 2002:38
21 Okerlund 2005:113
22 Baldwin 2002:42
23 Paston Letter 654 for 12 October 1470 (in Gairdner 1896:412)
24 Baldwin 2002:43
25 Baldwin 2002:45
26 Baldwin 2002:54
27 Crowland Continuations (in Pronay and Cox 1986:151)
28 Crowland Continuations (in Pronay and Cox 1986:153)
29 Crowland Continuations (in Pronay and Cox 1986:155)
30 Thomas Moore 2005:17
31 Crowland Continuations (in Pronay and Cox 1986:157)
32 Thomas Moore 2005:18
33 Thomas Moore 2005:18
34 Thomas Moore 2005:19
35 Dominic Mancini (in Armstrong 1984:79)
36 Thomas Moore 2005:20
37 Thomas Moore 2005:26
38 Thomas Moore 2005:39
39 Thomas Moore 2005:39
40 Thomas Moore 2005:66
41 Crowland Continuations (in Pronay and Cox 1986:163)
42 Thomas Moore 2005:43
43 Baldwin 2002:102
44 Baldwin 2002:106
45 Bacon’s History of the Reign of Henry VII (in Lumby 1885:24)
46 Bacon’s History of the Reign of Henry VII (in Lumby 1885:29)
47 Okerlund 2005:256
Chapter 16: Anne Boleyn
1 Ives 2005:3
2 Ives 2005:14
3 Ives 2005:19
4 Ives 2005:26
5 George Wyatt (in Loades 1968:143)
6 Ives 2005:40
7 Hall’s Chronicle (Johnson, et al, 1809:631)
8 Cavendish’s Life of Wolsey (Lockyer 1962:59)
9 Cavendish’s Life of Wolsey (Lockyer 1962:59)
10 Cavendish’s Life of Wolsey (Lockyer 1962:59)
11 Poem 97 (in Daalder 1975:15)
12 Poem 7 (in Daalder 1975:7)
13 Letters 1 and 2 (in Savage 1949:28-30)
14 Letter 4 (in Savage 1949:33)
15 Letter 5 (in Savage 1949:35-6)
16 Ives 2005:97
17 Cavendish’s Life of Wolsey (in Lockyer 1962:66)
18 Cavendish’s Life of Wolsey (in Lockyer 1962:132)
19 Ives 2005:131
20 Ives 2005:127
21 Hall’s Chronicle (Johnson, et al, 1809:790)
22 Hall’s Chronicle (Johnson, et al, 1809:790)
23 Ives 2005:132
24 William Latymer (in Dowling 1990:48)
25 William Latymer (in Dowling 1990:56)
26 William Latymer (in Dowling 1990:61)
27 Ives 2005:163
28 Ives 2005:163
29 Hall’s Chronicle (in Johnson, et al, 1809:795)
30 Wriothesley’s Chronicle (in Hamilton 1875:18)
31 Ives 2005:141
32 Ives 2005:143
33 Hall’s Chronicle (in Johnson, et al, 1809:803)
34 Ives 2005:184
35 Ives 2005:256
36 William Latymer (in Dowling 1990:63)
37 Ives 2005:192
38 Ives 2005:145
39 Ives 2005:194
40 Lisle Letter 127, Thomas Broke to Lady Lisle 18 December 1534 (in St Claire Byrne 1983:201)
41 Ives 2005:291
42 Hall’s Chronicle (in Johnson, et al, 1809:818)
43 Wriothesley’s Chronicle (in Hamilton 1875:33)
44 Wriothesley’s Chronicle (in Hamilton 1875:33)
45 Ives 2005:316
46 Hall’s Chronicle (in Johnson, et al, 1809:819)
47 Wriothesley’s Chronicle (in Hamilton 1875:35)
48 Wriothesley’s Chronicle (in Hamilton 1875:36)
49 Lisle Letter 141: John Husee to Lord Lisle, 19 May 1536 (in St Clair Byrne 1983:217)
50 Wriothesley’s Chronicle (in Hamilton 1875:39)
51 Wriothesley’s Chronicle (in Hamilton 1875:41)
52 Hall’s Chronicle (Johnson, et al, 1809:819)
53 Dixon 1873:339
54 Hall’s Chronicle (Johnson, et al, 1809:819)
Chapter 17: Treachery & Misjudgement
1 Denny 2005:8
2 Baldwin Smith 1961:39
3 Letter 49: Lord Edmund Howard to Lady Lisle (in St Clare Byrne 1983:107)
4 Baldwin Smith 1961:36
5 Examination of Henry Manox, 5 November 1541 (Paper 1321) (in Gairdner and Brodie 1898:608)
6 Examination of Henry Manox, 5 November 1541 (Paper 1321) (in Gairdner and Brodie 1898:608)
7 The Council to Paget, Ambassador in France, 12 November 1541 (Paper 1334) (in Gairdner and Brodie 1898:616)
8 Baldwin Smith 1961:50
9 Baldwin Smith 1961:52
10 Examination of Henry Manox, 5 November 1541 (Paper 1321) (in Gairdner and Brodie 1898:609)
11 The Council to Paget, Ambassador in France, 12 November 1541 (Paper 1334) (in Gairdner and Brodie 1898:616)
12 Baldwin Smith 1961:54
13 Chapuys to Charles V, 3 December 1541 (Paper 1401) (in Gairdner and Brodie 1898:652)
14 Baldwin Smith 1961:57
15 Examination of Henry Manox, 5 November 1541 (Paper 1321) (in Gairdner and Brodie 1898:609)
16 Katherine Tylney, 30 November 1541 (Paper 1385) (in Gairdner and Brodie 1898:633)
17 Baldwin Smith 1961:58
18 Marillac to Francis I, 21 July 1540 (Paper 901) (in Gairdner and Brodie 1896:446)
19 Marillac to Montmorency, 3 September 1540 (Paper 12) (in Gairdner and Brodie 1898:5)
20 Denny 2005:153
21 Marillac to Montmorency, 3 September 1540 (Paper 12) (in Gairdner and Brodie 1898:5)
22 Baldwin Smith 1961:136
23 Chapuys to Charles V, 27 March 1541 (Paper 662) (in Gairdner and Brodie 1898:319)
24 Baldwin Smith 1961:135
25 Chapuys to the Queen of Hungary, 26 May 1541 (Papers 864) (in Gairdner and Brodie 1898:410)
26 Marillac to Francis I, 18 July 1541 (Paper 1011) (in Gairdner and Brodie 1898:482)
27 Report of Henry VIII’s visit to Lincoln, 12 August 1541 (Paper 1088) (in Gairdner and Brodie 1898:518)
28 Baldwin Smith 1961:163
29 Confession of Margyt Morton to Sir Anthony Browne (Paper 1338) (in Gairdner and Brodie 1898:617)
30 Baldwin Smith 1961:155
31 Baldwin Smith 1961:130
32 Crawford 2002:210
33 Baldwin Smith 1961:143
34 Hall’s Chronicle (Johnson, et al, 1809:842)
35 Denny 2005:198
36 Denny 2005:206
37 The Council to Paget, Ambassador in France, 12 November 1541 (Paper 1334) (in Gairdner and Brodie 1898:615)
38 Baldwin Smith 1961:168
39 Marillac to Francis I, 11 November 1541 (Paper 1332) (in Gairdner and Brodie 1898:614)
40 Baldwin Smith 1961:167
41 Baldwin Smith 1961:169
42 Cranmer to Henry VIII, November 1541 (Paper 1325) (in Gairdner and Brodie 1898:610)
43 Baldwin Smith 1961:171
44 The Privy Council to Cranmer and Others, 11 November 1541 (Paper 1331) (in Gairdner and Brodie 1898:613)
45 The Privy Council to Cranmer and Others, 11 November 1541 (Paper 1331) (in Gairdner and Brodie 1898:613)
46 Fraser 1992:350
47 Baldwin Smith 1961:174
48 Chapuys to Charles V, 3 December 1541 (Paper 1401) (in Gairdner and Brodie 1898:652)
49 Chapuys to Charles V, 3 December 1541 (Paper 1401) (in Gairdner and Brodie 1898:652)
50 Chapuys to Charles V, 11 December 1541 (Paper 1441) (in Gairdner and Brodie 1898:672)
51 Fraser 1992:349
52 Chapuys to Charles V, 11 December 1541 (Paper 1441) (in Gairdner and Brodie 1898:672)
53 Giovanni Stanchini, Secretary of Mons. Capo di Ferro, to Cardinal Farnese, 11 January 1542 (Paper 19) (in Gairdner and Brodie 1900:10)
54 Hall’s Chronicle (Johnson, et al, 1809:843)
55 Wriothesley’s Chronicle (Hamilton 1875:133)
56 Baldwin Smith 1961:188
57 Marillac to Francis I, 13 February 1542 (Paper 100) (in Gairdner and Brodie 1900:44)
58 Chapuys to Charles V, 25 February 1542 (Paper 124) (in Gairdner and Brodie 1900:50)
59 Chapuys to Charles V, 25 February 1542 (Paper 124) (in Gairdner and Brodie 1900:50)
60 Marillac to Francis I, 13 February 1542 (Paper 100) (in Gairdner and Brodie 1900:44)
Chapter 18: Aspiring to the Crown
1 Taylor 2004:7
2 Chapman 1962:29
3 Chapman 1962:29
4 Taylor 2004:8
5 Plowden 1986:54
6 Plowden 2003:45
7 Chapman 1962:39
8 Plowden 2003:58
9 Davey 1910:115
10 Plowden 1986:77
11 Plowden 1986:82
12 Plowden 2003:79
13 Plowden 2003:101
14 Letter from Northumberland to Suffolk (in Taylor 2004:17)
15 Vita Mariae Angliae Reginae (in MacCulloch 1984:245)
16 Plowden 1986:85
17 Plowden 1986:87
18 Vita Mariae Angliae Reginae (in MacCulloch 1984:245)
19 Plowden 1986:91
20 Plowden 1986:91
21 The Chronicle of Queen Jane and Two Years of Queen Mary (in Nichols 1996:1)
22 Plowden 2003:107
23 Peter Heyling’s 1661 History of the Reformation of the Church of England (in Taylor 2004:54)
24 Lady Jane Grey to Mary I (early August 1553) (in Taylor 2004:95)
25 The Chronicle of Queen Jane and Two Years of Queen Mary (in Nichols 1996:3)
26 Plowden 2003:vii
27 A letter from Lady Jane Grey to Queen Mary, early August 1553 (in Taylor 2004:95)
28 Taylor 2004:95
29 The Chronicle of Queen Jane and Two Years of Queen Mary (in Nichols 1996:5)
30 The Chronicle of Queen Jane and Two Years of Queen Mary (in Nichols 1996:8
31 The Chronicle of Queen Jane and Two Years of Queen Mary (in Nichols 1996:8)
32 The Chronicle of Queen Jane and Two Years of Queen Mary (in Nichols 1996:9)
33 Plowden 2003:123
34 The Chronicle of Queen Jane and Two Years of Queen Mary (in Nichols 1996:9)
35 Plowden 2003:124
36 The Chronicle of Queen Jane and Two Years of Queen Mary (in Nichols 1996:12)
37 Plowden 2003:124
38 Vita Mariae Angliae Reginae (in MacCulloch 1984:271)
39 The Chronicle of Queen Jane and Two Years of Queen Mary (in Nichols 1996:19)
40 The Chronicle of Queen Jane and Two Years of Queen Mary (in Nichols 1996:25)
41 The Chronicle of Queen Jane and Two Years of Queen Mary (in Nichols 1996:32)
42 The Chronicle of Queen Jane and Two Years of Queen Mary (in Nichols 1996:37)
43 Plowden 1986:119
44 Plowden 1986:121
45 Letter from Lady Jane Grey to the Duke of Suffolk, late January or early February 1554 (in Taylor 2004:123)
46 The Chronicle of Queen Jane and Two Years of Queen Mary (in Nichols 1996:56)
47 Plowden 2003:156
48 The Chronicle of Queen Jane and Two Years of Queen Mary (in Nichols 1996:56)
49 The Chronicle of Queen Jane and Two Years of Queen Mary (in Nichols 1996:59)
Chapter 19: Bloody Mary
1 Hall’s Chronicle (Johnson, et al, 1809:584)
2 Mattingley 1944:145
3 Marillac to Francis I, 12 October 1541 (Paper 1253) (in Gairdner and Brodie 1898:586)
4 Loades 1989:32
5 Prescott 2003:35
6 Erickson 1978:61
7 Prescott 2003:46
8 Prescott 2003:67
9 Prescott 2003:67
10 Prescott 2003:82
11 Prescott 2003:95
12 Prescott 2003:100
13 Loades 1989:136
14 Loades 1989:136
15 Erickson 1978:216
16 Prescott 2003:122
17 Marillac to Francis I, 12 October 1541 (Paper 1253) (in Gairdner and Brodie 1898:586)
18 Robert Broke and Richard Goodrich to the Duke of Somerset, 15 August 1549 (Paper 339) (in Knighton 1992:130)
19 Prescott 2003:152
20 Prescott 2003:153
21 Prescott 2003:166
22 Prescott 2003:191
23 Vita Mariae Angliae Reginae (in MacCulloch 1984:251)
24 Vita Mariae Angliae Reginae (in MacCulloch 1984:253)
25 Vita Mariae Angliae Reginae (in MacCulloch 1984:265)
26 Vita Mariae Angliae Reginae (in MacCulloch 1984:265)
27 Vita Mariae Angliae Reginae (in MacCulloch 1984:269)
28 Statutes of the Realm, 4, i, 1 Mary (in Loades 2002:22)
29 Loades 1989:196
30 Vita Mariae Angliae Reginae (in MacCulloch 1984:273)
31 The Chronicle of Queen Jane and two years of Queen Mary (in Nichols 1996:28)
32 Erickson 1978:330
33 Erickson 1978:329
34 Vita Mariae Angliae Reginae (in MacCulloch 1984:279)
35 Vita Mariae Angliae Reginae (in MacCulloch 1984:281)
36 The Chronicle of Queen Jane and Two Years of Queen Mary (in Nichols 1996:70)
37 The Chronicle of Queen Jane and Two Years of Queen Mary (in Nichols 1996:76)
38 Erickson 1978:346
39 The Chronicle of Queen Jane and Two Years of Queen Mary (in Nichols 1996:77)
40 Loades 1989:224
41 Extract from a letter by John Elder (in Loades 2002:42-44)
42 Extract from a letter by John Elder (in Loades 2002:43)
43 Vita Mariae Angliae Reginae (in MacCulloch 1984:291)
44 Prescott 2003:258
45 Erickson 1978:385
46 Erickson 1978:411
47 John Foxe’s Actes and Monuments (in Loades 2002:61)
48 Erickson 1989:415
49 Erickson 1989:422
50 Foxe (undated) p287
51 Foxe (undated) p374
52 Foxe (undated) p395
53 Erickson 1978:438
54 Erickson 1978:460
55 Foxe (undated) p394
56 Erickson 1978:470
57 Count of Feria’s dispatch to Philip II of 14 November 1558 (in Rodriguez-Salgado and Adams 1984:328)
58 Count of Feria’s dispatch to Philip II of 14 November 1558 (in Rodriguez-Salgado and Adams 1984:337)
59 Count of Feria’s dispatch to Philip II of 14 November 1558 (in Rodriguez-Salgado and Adams 1984:336)
60 Erickson 1978:482