NOTES

One of the drawbacks in preparing a definitive biography of the Beatles is the stunning lack of reliable source material. Most of the nearly 500 volumes that make up their canon lack proper citations, and even in those remarkable cases where sources are offered, the accuracy remains suspect. Either memories were vague, tales were recycled, facts went unchecked, or circumstances were fabricated or obscured—sometimes by prejudiced eyewitnesses, other times to protect the innocent. For better or worse, misinformation has always been a key element of the Beatles’ legend.

The extent of the misinformation owes much to Napoleon’s claim that “history is a set of lies agreed upon.” That became clear to me when beginning the research for this book. During an interview with Paul McCartney, he explained how nearly forty years ago the Beatles agreed on a “version of the facts” that would serve as their story, and they stuck to—and embroidered upon—it ever since. Paul told me “about 65 percent” of their “official biography, The Beatles—written in 1967, by journalist Hunter Davies—is accurate. (Referring to the book in a lengthy 1970 interview with Jann Wenner, John Lennon said: “It was bullshit… my auntie [Mimi] knocked all the truth bits from my childhood and my mother out…. I wanted a real book to come out, but we all had wives and didn’t want to hurt their feelings.”) What’s more, all of it has been told and retold so many times that even McCartney is no longer certain where the truth begins and ends—one of the reasons, no doubt, that the wonderful Anthology is often referred to as Mythology. In any case, the “official Beatles biography” is not only loaded with misstatements and lovely little fairy tales, but inaccuracies: misspelled names, incorrect dates, confused locations—and wide, gaping holes.

Even so, I have relied upon the Davies book to support some of my own research. The oral histories provided in it by the four Beatles—their offhand remarks, as well as their quirky versions of long-forgotten events—are nevertheless poignant and provide the only vivid (and fascinating) accounts of certain escapades. To the extent that I have incorporated quotes from that book into this biography, be assured that they were scrutinized for accuracy or chosen because they contain a personal reflection that was unassailable for its honesty. Lastly, let it be said that for many of the book’s participants—George Harrison’s parents; John’s aunt Mimi and his father, Freddie; Ringo’s mother; Millie Best; and other secondary, supporting characters—the Davies book stands as their only testimony to this remarkable story.

Among other books mentioned in the notes are examples that are either hagiographic or downright silly but nevertheless contain an important interview or anecdote that could not be ignored. For instance, Gareth Pawlowski’s How They Became the Beatles is one fan’s moon-eyed excursion to his idols’ birthplace, but it contains an agreement detailing the specific terms of a Larry Parnes engagement, as well as conspicuously revealing photographs. Cynthia Lennon’s autobiography, A Twist of Lennon, mangles facts as well as dates (she even gets the year of her marriage to John wrong!) while offering personal, affecting reflections that are historically valuable. Still other books are infuriating for their damnable oversight. Keith Badman’s The Beatles: Off the Record contains one of the most comprehensive compendiums of the band’s interviews—with nary a citation. The same goes for The Beatles: An Oral History, by David Pritchard and Alan Lysaght, which contains a wealth of revealing interviews. Where did they come from? In every case in which information from these books has been used, I relied on seven years of my own durable research, as well as the biographer’s intuition—and ear—in determining a source’s authenticity.

I was fortunate to work from an amazing archive of magazine and newspaper articles collected and collated by Allan Kozinn, the eminent New York Times music columnist and Beatles authority. These papers include most of the Times’ files, even articles from the morgue that had been “killed” for space considerations, as well as other essential journals from around the world. Among them were most of the articles from Melody Maker and New Musical Express, both of which reported weekly and extensively on the Beatles’ adventures. In the course of my research, however, it was disclosed that many of the Beatles’ quotes in those articles—later incorporated into Anthology—came via telephone interviews in which Neil Aspinall or Mal Evans masqueraded as John or Paul and, thus, should be taken with a grain of salt. Whenever possible, the quotes in this book came from articles containing eyewitness accounts or those in which it was clear that one of the Beatles was actually in a room with the journalist.

As far as an accurate chronology goes, newspapers served to document the comings and goings of the Beatles; otherwise, I depended on Mark Lewisohn’s various listings, including The Beatles Live!, The Beatles: 25 Years in the Life, Recording Sessions, and The Complete Beatles Chronicle.

A note about a particular resource deserves further explanation. In the notes that follow, I often credit the Albert Goldman Archives (AGA), which are quite an extensive series of taped interviews for Goldman’s controversial—and discredited—biography, The Lives of John Lennon. For all his foibles as a writer (and they were many, and legendary), Albert was a dear and trusted friend, who I remained close to until his untimely death. Even so, I found his biography of John unreadable, as well as irresponsible, and told him so. When I decided to write this book, however, I sought out his executors and purchased copies of the taped interviews he conducted for Lives. That acquisition turned out to be shocking, revealing, and incredibly rewarding. As far as anyone can determine, Albert never bothered to transcribe the tapes, taking only what he blithely referred to as “the good parts”—those pull quotes that would prove sensational—for his manuscript. Much of the information he chose to ignore, however, was extraordinary in detail, not at all like anything in his book or that we had heard before. Interviews with John’s cousins Stanley Parkes and Leila Harvey provided intimate information about the Stanleys, the Smiths, and a boy they described as lovable and gregarious. Barbara Baker’s lurid account of their sexual exploits upstaged the poignant recollections about John’s and Paul’s early songwriting sessions that were left out of the Goldman book. The Lives of John Lennon speaks for itself; I hope the material I used from Albert’s research adds substance to my account and brings honor to his efforts as a scholar—and to the Beatles’ amazing story.

The most important resource for this book was the hundreds of interviews I conducted with the Beatles’ family members, friends, fellow performers, and colleagues who provided new, firsthand information and colored in essential details of all the old anecdotes that had become part of the Beatles’ myth. Of course, some sources have told their stories so often—and at Beatles conventions, where they are paid a fee for appearing—that they have become rote and are generally unreliable. But scores of these people had never been interviewed before, and the information they provided has helped form a portrait of the Beatles that is both fascinating and substantially different from all previous accounts. Each of their contributions is cited in the notes by name and date, with additional information included where necessary.

PROLOGUE

here Description of Litherland: Author interviews with Tony Kenny, 2/8/98; Johnny Byrne, 10/8/97; and Tony and Mary Kenny, 4/21/98.

The four boys, riding… like astronauts: Author interview with Chas Newby, 5/21/98.

“We thought we were the best”: Sheff, Playboy Interviews, p. 62.

The word around town: “There was [no band] worse than the Beatles.” Author interview with Ray Ennis, 10/1/97. “Although the Beatles had charisma, you couldn’t say they were good.” Author interview with Sam Leach, 10/6/97.

“We sure didn’t know them”: Author interview with Howie Casey, 10/27/97.

“They were so bad”: Ted “Kingsize” Taylor, 9/2/85, AGA.

Paul McCartney had squandered: Alan Durband, quoted in Salewicz, McCartney, p. 69.

George Harrison, who regarded school: “George did go back and sit, but he failed everything.” Author interview with Arthur Kelly, 1/10/98.

Thrilled by performing, Pete Best: Best & Doncaster, Beatle!, p. 13.

“a gang of scruffs”: “We looked like a gang.” Paul McCartney in Shepherd, True Story of the Beatles, p. 52.

“They’re fantastic”: Author interview with Bob Wooler, 10/30/97.

Litherland had a great many shops: Author interview with Don Andrew, 10/4/97.

But before he got their name out: “I remember Wooler telling us to begin as soon as the curtains opened, but Paul started singing ‘Long Tall Sally’ before…” Author interview with Chas Newby, 5/21/98.

The band’s physical appearance: “We went and bought these leather jackets [together]…. We all bought cowboy boots as well. Mine and John’s were Twin Eagles.” Author interview with Johnny Byrne, 10/8/97.

“I’d never seen any band look like this”: Author interview with Dave Foreshaw, 10/31/97. Bob Wooler says: “The overriding feeling was, ‘Who the hell are they?’ ” Author interview with Bob Wooler, 10/30/97.

“It was just so different”: Author interview with Billy J. Kramer, 12/16/97.

“get your knickers down!”: Salewicz, McCartney, p. 104; confirmed by Chas Newby in author interview, 5/21/98.

CHAPTER 1: A PROPER UPBRINGING

“Gateway to the British Empire”: Encyclopaedia Britannica.

“Scousers”: Author interview with Quentin Hughes, 10/3/97; first citation of scouse in Oxford English Dictionary, dated 1945. But Jonathon Green dates nautical use to the nineteenth century, author interview with Jonathan Green, 7/3/98.

“Scousers have a fierce… patriotism”: Author interview with Bill Harry, 8/2/97.

“stout little ships”: W. F. Machin, “A Short History of Liverpool Cotton Market” (typescript, 1957), p. 2.

an elaborate Grecian influence: Picton, Architectural History of Liverpool, p. 65.

the richest city in Britain: Author interview with Quentin Hughes, 10/3/97.

“surpasses the pyramid of Cheops”: Picton, Memorials of Liverpool, p. 660.

“a real old sea sailor”: Stanley Parkes, 2/3/85, AGA.

Julia, nicknamed Judy: “Everybody called her Judy.” Leila Harvey, 10/84, AGA.

Their first child was a boy: Stanley Parkes, 2/3/85, AGA.

Penny Lane: “Penny Lane is not only a street, it’s a district.” Sheff, Playboy Interviews, p. 130.

“Those women were fantastic”: Ibid., p. 136.

“She was born with a keen sense”: Stanley Parkes, 2/3/85, AGA.

“She had a great sense”: Author interview with Pete Shotton, 1/19/98.

“I had no intention of getting married”: Mimi Smith, AGA (undated).

“Grandfather made it impossible”: Stanley Parkes, 2/3/85, AGA.

“That’s long enough!”: Ibid.

Julia, George Stanley’s favorite: “Judy was his favorite.” Leila Harvey, 10/84, AGA.

“perfect profile”: Davies, Beatles, p. 6.

“I soon forgot my father”: Ibid., p. 12.

“They wanted nothing to do with him”: Leila Harvey, 10/84, AGA.

“we knew he would be no use”: Davies, Beatles, p. 6.

“very intelligent… a clever boy”: Stanley Parkes, 2/3/85, AGA.

“Anywhere Freddie turned up”: Ibid.

“As I walked past her”: Davies, Beatles, p. 5.

“she would get a joke”: Stanley Parkes, 2/3/85, AGA.

Men ogled her: “Everybody would wink at her, but she laughed, she enjoyed it.” Leila Harvey, 10/84, AGA.

“Judy was very feminine”: Ibid.

Instead of working: “He and Julia used to take me out for long walks in the park.” Stanley Parkes, 2/3/85, AGA.

allegedly at George Stanley’s behest: Goldman, Lives of John Lennon, p. 29.

Entire neighborhoods… “just gone”: Author interview with Quentin Hughes, 10/3/97.

but Freddie was gone: Author interview with Charles Lennon, 10/2/97.

“Mrs. Lennon has just had a boy”: Coleman, Lennon, p. 24.

“I was dodging in doorways”: Davies, Beatles, p. 25.

“Mary would, on occasion”: Stanley Parkes, 2/3/85, AGA.

“she would have always had a fellow”: Leila Harvey, 10/84, AGA.

“pain… of not being wanted”: John Lennon, 1971 interview, in Anthology, p. 7.

“I said to her, there’s a war on”: Davies, Beatles, p. 8.

he set out on the Sammex: Goldman, Lives of John Lennon, p. 30.

“She claimed that she was raped”: Author interview with Charles Lennon, 10/2/97.

“she was told quite categorically”: Leila Harvey, 10/84, AGA.

“She was a beautiful baby”: Anne Cadwallader, 9/84, AGA.

a Norwegian Salvation Army captain: Ibid.

“would always wink at [Julia]”: Leila Harvey, 10/84, AGA.

Spiv: “So we, as kids, just named him Spiv… and it stuck”: Stanley Parkes, 2/3/85, AGA.

“a nervous cough and… thinning… hair”: John Lennon, 1979 interview, in Anthology, p. 10.

“He was certainly earning good money”: Stanley Parkes, 1/19/85, AGA.

“He had a very short fuse”: Author interview with Nigel Walley, 3/11/98.

“my mother came to see us”: John Lennon, 1967 interview, in Anthology, p. 10.

“It confused him”: Albert Goldman, from handwritten notes, 1985.

“Oh, for heaven’s sake”: Leila Harvey, 2/4/85, AGA.

“You are not fit”: Ibid., 10/84.

“disagree with the way she was living”: Stanley Parkes, 2/3/85, AGA.

“A little bit of tea”: Leila Harvey, 10/84, AGA.

John’s unofficial guardian: “She said she couldn’t refuse.” Davies, Beatles, p. 8.

“intending never to come back”: Ibid.

five years of indifference: “Of not being wanted,” John Lennon, 1971 interview, in Anthology, p. 7.

“She said no”: Davies, Beatles, pp. 8–9.

“He had to decide”: Ibid., p. 9.

a decision “was forced” on Julia: “It was Mimi and Julia’s father that demanded Julia give John up.” Leila Harvey, 2/3/85, AGA.

“My mother… couldn’t cope”: Sheff, Playboy Interviews, p. 136.

“a proper upbringing”: “Mary would be strict and give him a proper upbringing.” Stanley Parkes, 2/3/85, AGA.

no-nonsense, if “difficult,” housewife: “Mary can be quite difficult.” Leila Harvey, 10/84, AGA.

“Mimi was a sensible, dignified lady”: Ibid.

“merciless disciplinarian”: Author interview with Pete Shotton, 1/19/98.

“she wanted John”: Leila Harvey, 10/84, AGA.

Wind in the Willows: “It was passed from me to Leila, from Leila to John.” Stanley Parkes, 2/3/85, AGA.

Mimi’s morning room was always filled: Ibid.

“a quiet and jolly man”: Stanley Parkes, 1/19/85, AGA.

“Uncle George absolutely adored John”: Leila Harvey, 10/84, AGA.

“I had no time”: Coleman, Lennon, p. 27.

Mimi shelved “twenty volumes”: Ibid., p. 26.

“My mother had a .22”: Stanley Parkes, 2/3/85, AGA.

“fit in”: “Anyone who had anything didn’t fit in.” John Lennon, 1969 interview, in Anthology, p. 9.

“in a trance for twenty years”: John Lennon, 1980 interview, in Anthology, p. 9.

“very deprived”: Wenner, Lennon Remembers, p. 166.

“This image of me being the orphan”: Sheff, Playboy Interviews, p. 136.

CHAPTER 2: THE MESSIAH ARRIVES

“There was always a bad reception”: Author interview with Colin Manley, 10/2/97.

He was known to “behave distractedly”: Account of Lennon’s ritual, author interview with Pete Shotton, 1/19/98.

“That’s the music that brought me”: John Lennon, 1975 interview, in Anthology, p. 11.

“We savored the pleasure”: Author interview with Pete Shotton, 1/19/98.

“It was the first indication”: Author interview with Nigel Walley, 3/7/98.

Earlier in the year: Author interview with Eric Griffiths, 7/16/98.

“with the thick lads”: Davies, Beatles, p. 17.

“but eventually… he just drifted off”: Author interview with Rod Davis, 9/30/97.

“I was obviously very musical”: Davies, Beatles, p. 18.

Having given up any pretense: “We’d given up all hope by that stage.” Author interview with Pete Shotton, 7/16/98.

“Daily Howl”/Ivan Vaughan: “Ivan started the Daily Howl much earlier at the Institute, as a number of sheets just clipped together. Later, when John got involved, some of it would be his, but we always saw it in Ivan’s handwriting.” Author interview with Don Andrew, 10/4/97.

“He was his own man”: Ibid.

“It was so smooth”: Author interview with Pete Shotton, 1/19/98.

Radio Luxembourg had played: Radio Luxembourg archives.

“When I heard it… it was the end”: John Lennon, 1971 interview, in Anthology, p. 11.

“Nothing really affected me”: Davies, Beatles, p. 19.

“Heartbreak Hotel” “was the most exciting thing”: Author interview with Pete Shotton, 1/19/98.

“That was him”: Paul McCartney in Anthology, p. 22.

The uniform, in particular: Description of teddy boy chic drawn from Steele-Perkins & Smith, The Teds, pp. 3–5.

born Tommy Hicks: Actually, Larry Parnes had seen Steele perform three months earlier at a small supper club called the Gyre and Gimble. Rogan, Starmakers & Svengalis, p. 23.

“he had enormous presence”: Melly, Revolt Into Style, p. 26.

the influence of country-and-western music: “Country-and-western was so popular here because of the connection through the American sailors.” Author interview with Don Andrew, 10/4/97.

“the Nashville of the North”: “Because it was the biggest [source] in Europe for country music.” Author interview with Bill Harry, 8/1/97.

It wasn’t long before: Liverpool City Council, Leisure Services Directorate.

“Rock ’n roll was beyond”: Author interview with Eric Griffiths, 7/16/98.

Even before he got a guitar: “He would stand in front of his bedroom mirror with the guitar pretending to be that man Elvis Presley.” Goldman, Lives of John Lennon, p. 63; also author interview with Pete Shotton, 7/10/98.

She wouldn’t hear of it: “Her attitude was that guitar playing and rock ’n roll was really nasty stuff. It was dirty music, just below her.” Author interview with Pete Shotton, 1/19/98.

“Perhaps next year”: Ibid., 1/18/98.

“guaranteed not to split”: Davies, Beatles, p. 20; also Coleman, Lennon, p. 57.

“It was a bit crummy”: John Lennon, 1963 interview, in Anthology, p. 11.

CHAPTER 3: MUSCLE AND SINEW

“began chatting about music in earnest”: Author interview with Eric Griffiths, 7/16/98.

“she retuned our guitar strings”: Ibid.

“tuned the bottom three strings”: Author interview with Rod Davis, 9/30/97.

“It took me about two years”: John Lennon, 1971 interview, in Anthology, p. 11.

Fats Domino’s first hit: Whitburn, Billboard Book of Top 40 Hits, p. 91.

Hunter Davies maintains: It wasn’t released on the Brunswick label until May. Ward, Rock of Ages, pp. 153–54.

“John was a born performer”: Author interview with Eric Griffiths, 7/16/98.

“Should we start a band”: Author interview with Pete Shotton, 1/19/98.

“Don’t be silly—I can’t play”: “I have no musical genes. It was a joke to me.” Ibid.

Bessie… contributed a washboard: Author interview with Pete Shotton, 7/10/98.

“I took it to school”: Author interview with Rod Davis, 9/30/97.

Right away, Lennon took control: “He was the front man and basically what he said went.” Ibid.

“I remember being very impressed”: Author interview with Nigel Walley, 3/7/98.

they gathered at Mendips: “We were in John’s house… so we had a mini-brainstorm.” Author interview with Eric Griffiths, 7/16/98.

defection of Bill Smith: “Bill Smith didn’t turn up for rehearsals, so [he] discharged himself [from the group].” Ibid.

“liberated” the tea-chest bass: “We did break into Bill Smith’s kitchen.” Author interview with Pete Shotton, 7/16/98.

A rarity in Liverpool: “It was pretty rare for someone to have a full set of drums.” Author interview with Colin Hanton, 10/6/97.

“I didn’t know the first thing”: Author interview with Nigel Walley, 3/7/98.

Business cards: Author interview with Charles Roberts, 7/25/98.

“The tea-chest bass and my drums”: Author interview with Colin Hanton, 10/6/97.

“Julia was unlike anyone”: Author interview with Rod Davis, 9/30/97.

“She had loads of records”: Author interview with Pete Shotton, 1/19/98.

“In fact, we discovered Gene Vincent”: Author interview with Eric Griffiths, 7/16/98.

“They once came and played”: Author interview with Mike Rice, 7/27/98.

By John’s own admission: “John used to say how much an audience meant to him; it made him feel like this wasn’t just a lark.” Author interview with Eric Griffiths, 7/16/98.

contest/“no pay”: “We entered all the contests where you never got paid.” Author interview with Johnny Byrne, 10/8/97.

“People actually preferred the theater”: Author interview with Bill Harry, 8/4/97.

“They had a coach”: Author interview with Rod Davis, 9/30/97.

“This is an unusual situation”: Author interview with Bill Harry, 8/4/97.

“We were robbed”: Author interview with Colin Hanton, 10/6/97.

“We got a lesson in showmanship”: Author interview with Rod Davis, 9/30/97.

“I was just drifting”: John Lennon, 1965 interview, in Anthology, p. 12.

“who was crazy for jazz”: “It was owned by Alan Sytner, who was crazy for jazz.” Author interview with Ray Ennis, 10/1/97.

Called the Cavern: Harry, Encyclopedia of Beatles People, p. 310.

Since its official launch: Lewisohn, Chronicle, p. 14.

“sophisticated skiffle”: “We played what one guy called sophisticated stiffle, which was traditional jazz and blues with a jazzy rhythm section.” Author interview with Ray Ennis, 10/1/97.

“Can you bring them down”: Author interview with Nigel Walley, 3/7/98.

“as though we were playing the Palladium”: Author interview with Pete Shotton, 1/19/98.

“a slight tension”: Author interview with Rod Davis, 9/30/97.

“John was very witty”: Author interview with Nigel Walley, 3/7/98.

a Quarry Bank school dance: “The Quarry Men played for at least one school dance. People would be doing quick-steps to the George Edwards Band, but they would jive in the intervals.” Author interview with Rod Davis, 7/22/98.

“the jungle”: Wenner, Lennon Remembers, p. 100.

His legwork eventually led: Author interview with Pete Shotton, 7/11/98.

“[Mike] said he’s got this record”: Goldman, Lives of John Lennon, p. 63.

“some things just didn’t click”: “I’m not even sure that John was as much of an Elvis fan as everyone makes him out to be.” Author interview with Eric Griffiths, 7/16/98.

“We started doing even more numbers”: “John was quite taken with Elvis. For a while, it was all he was interested in.” Author interview with Colin Hanton, 10/6/97.

“would-be intellectual” clientele: Author interview with Rod Davis, 9/30/97.

“Rock and roll is a monstrous threat”: Melody Maker, 5/5/56.

“By this time, John thought”: Author interview with Pete Shotton, 1/19/98.

“What do you think you’re doing?”: Author interview with Rod Davis, 9/30/97.

“Cut out the bloody rock”: This has been reported in almost every version of the Beatles’ story and was confirmed in author interviews with Rod Davis, Colin Hanton, and Pete Shotton.

“The sound of it got to me”: Author interview with Pete Shotton, 1/19/98.

CHAPTER 4: THE SHOWMAN

Jet plane travel idled: Author interview with Robin Morgan, 6/18/97.

“Indeed, let us be frank”: The Times (London), 7/21/57.

“slave to fate”: Donne, Holy Sonnets, no. 10, 1.9 (1612).

“There was neither an affiliation”: Author interview with Quentin Hughes, 10/3/97.

“one of nature’s true gentlemen”: M. McCartney, Thank U Very Much (unnumbered).

terrace house at 3 Solva: Kelly’s Directories, 1905–39.

the Margaret Street Baths: Author interview with Joan Murray, 1/6/99.

“a place to aspire to”: Author interview with Marie Crawford, 1/5/99.

“a suburb of which Liverpool”: Picton, Architectural History of Liverpool, p. 59.

“a healthy place to live”: Liverpool Housing Authority.

“never really excelled”: Author interview with Kate Robbins, 1/11/98.

“Joe put all his faith”: Ibid.

“the donkey work”—running along: Author interview with William Newton, 10/31/97.

Joe loved opera: M. McCartney, Thank U Very Much (unnumbered).

He had a brittle, choppy style: Author interview with Shelagh Johnson, 10/29/97.

“My father learned his music”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 23.

“the swingman of Solva Street”: M. McCartney, Thank U Very Much; confirmed by author interview with Kate Robbins, 1/11/98.

“rakish” black facecloths: Salewicz, McCartney, p. 10.

“Eloise”: Author interview with Kate Robbins, 1/12/98.

“a born salesman”: Author interview with William Newton, 10/31/97.

she spoke “posh”: Miles, Paul McCartney, pp. 6, 10.

she enrolled in a three-year general program: Author interview with Myfanwy Butler, 12/18/98.

“Mary was so career-conscious”: Author interview with Dill Mohin, 12/16/98.

“We were so immersed”: “We simply loved our careers. No one had time to consider families.” Author interview with Myfanwy Butler, 12/18/98.

“wasn’t at all musical”: Author interview with Dill Mohin, 12/16/98.

“utterly charming and uncomplicated”: Ibid.

Rose was a witch: Author interview with John Mohin, 12/12/98.

“Mary went to nursing school”: Author interview with Dill Mohin, 12/16/98.

the Royal Cotton Commission: Author interview with William Newton, 10/31/97.

“Medical personnel were being recruited”: Author interview with Quentin Hughes, 10/3/97.

It was the “austere side”: “Uncle Jim had two sides to him… a pretending-to-be-austere side, and then winking at you, as if [to say], ‘I don’t really mean it.’ ” Author interview with Kate Robbins, 1/11/98.

Ungrudgingly, Jim labored there: Author interview with Dill Mohin, 12/16/98.

at Town Hall on April 8, 1941: City of Liverpool, Registrar of Births, Deaths & Marriages, Personnel and Administrative Directorate.

On June 18, 1942: Ibid.

“teardrop eyes, high forehead”: Author interview with Shelagh Johnson, 10/29/97.

lime from nearby mass graves: Salewicz, McCartney, p. 14.

“Everton… was a place to leave”: Author interview with Shelagh Johnson, 10/29/97.

“drab part”: Author interview with Dill Mohin, 12/16/98.

The building… [was] decent enough: Ibid.

“much like the parish priest”: Author interview with Shelagh Johnson, 10/29/97.

a deadly cigarette habit: “Both my parents smoked.” Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 35.

Fairway Street: Author interview with Shelagh Johnson, 10/29/97.

“The rot had set in”: Author interview with William Newton, 10/31/97.

here Jim’s salary: “If Jim could take home £6 at the end of a hard week’s work, he was doing well.” Salewicz, McCartney, p. 19; higher figure as a result of research conducted at Liverpool Cotton Association, 10/30/97.

They’d “never be wealthy”: Author interview with Dill Mohin, 12/16/97.

“asked [her bosses] for a move”: Ibid.

“a new model town”: Author interview with Mark Julius, Liverpool Corporation, Housing Services, 11/4/97.

Speke functioned as a one-class: Author interview with Quentin Hughes, 10/3/97.

“we were always on the edge”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 5.

“Oh, I’ve been poorly”: Author interview with Dill Mohin, 12/16/97.

“duly bashed”: M. McCartney, Thank U Very Much (unnumbered).

“Jim and Mary never smacked the boys”: Author interview with Dill Mohin, 12/16/97.

“The McCartney boys were like a circus”: Author interview with John Mohin, 12/12/97.

“followed him like a puppy”: Ibid.

“charm the skin off a snake”: Author interview with Kate Robbins, 1/12/98.

In photographs: M. McCartney, Thank U Very Much (unnumbered).

“quiet diplomacy”: Davies, Beatles, p. 24.

“super spy”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 10.

“This is where my love”: Ibid.

“He was a great conversationalist”: Author interview with John Mohin, 12/12/97.

“He was very into crosswords”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 12.

“Mary was very keen”: Author interview with Dill Mohin, 12/16/97.

model curriculum: Salewicz, McCartney, p. 25.

In Paul’s class: Joseph Williams Primary School records.

“It was too big a cutoff”: Author interview with Paul McCartney, 3/21/97.

Founded… in 1825: Liverpool Institute handbook, 1958.

“a gentleman’s school”: Author interview with Colin Manley, 10/3/97.

twenty of the fifty-two faculty members: Ibid.

school motto: Liverpool Institute archives.

On Monday, September 8: Ibid.

Liverpool Institute uniform: Description confirmed by Colin Manley, 10/3/97.

Nearly a thousand boys: Author interview with Don Andrew, 10/4/97.

“We were eleven”: Author interview with Colin Manley, 10/3/97.

“The first year, I was pretty lost”: Author interview with Paul McCartney, 3/21/97.

“He had a real talent”: Author interview with Don Andrew, 10/4/97.

“I always [made] my own Christmas cards”: Author interview with Paul McCartney, 3/21/97.

“work on these massive, great canvases”: Ibid.

students never “stayed with art”: Author interview with Don Andrew, 10/4/97.

“that they paint and we don’t”: Author interview with Paul McCartney, 3/21/97.

“I remember walking along the art room”: Author interview with Don Andrew, 10/4/97.

“reasonably academic”: Author interview with Paul McCartney, 3/21/97.

“had a lot of music in him”: Ibid.

“sing-along stuff”: “My main roots are in sing-along stuff, like ‘When the Red, Red Robin Comes Bob-bob-bobbin’ Along’ and ‘Carolina Moon.’ ” Leigh, Speaking Words of Wisdom, p. 6.

“Greensleeves” and “Let Me Go Lover”: BBC archives.

“very northern”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 24.

“We made the mistake”: Davies, Beatles, p. 29.

Paul considered it “a revelation”: Paul McCartney in Anthology, p. 22.

Zenith guitar: Anthology (video), part 1.

“The minute he got that guitar”: Davies, Beatles, p. 31.

“have a little go”: “My mom, Bett, who is left-handed and played guitar, used to babysit [Paul]. She had a ukulele and would say, ‘Come on, have a little go.’ ” Author interview with Kate Robbins, 1/11/98.

“all rather inexact”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 21.

“Physically, she wasn’t able”: Author interview with Dill Mohin, 12/16/97.

“I always thought of the area”: Author interview with Dot Rhone Becker, 11/19/98.

“there was blood on the sheets”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 20.

“The big shock in my teenage years”: Paul McCartney in Anthology, p. 19.

“I was determined not to let it affect”: Ibid.

“There was no one better suited”: Author interview with Kate Robbins, 1/11/98.

CHAPTER 5: A SIMPLE TWIST OF FETE

The boys were understandably ecstatic: “We were quite proud to be involved. We were the only skiffle band, and it was the first time one was featured.” Author interview with Rod Davis, 9/30/97.

“the biggest social event”: “Half the village took part in it, and the other half went to watch.” Author interview with Colin Hanton, 10/16/97.

The band clambered onto a flatbed truck: St. Peter’s Garden Fete program, 1957; descriptions also from author interviews with Rod Davis, Eric Griffiths, Nigel Walley, Colin Hanton, Pete Shotton.

Sally Wright/Susan Dixon: Liverpool Echo, 7/7/57; Liverpool Weekly News, 7/10/57.

“John packed it in”: Author interview with Colin Hanton, 10/16/97.

literally dozens of such stalls: O’Donnell, Day John Met Paul, p. 87; and “You could throw hoops over things, there would be cake stalls, lemonade.” Author interview with Rod Davis, 9/30/97.

“John wasn’t drinking”: Author interview with Colin Hanton, 10/6/97; also author interviews with Eric Griffiths, 7/16/98; Pete Shotton, 1/19/98; and Nigel Walley, 3/11/98.

David Birch: David Birch, 3/85, AGA.

“a simple soul”: “The vicar was a simple soul… a really nice guy.” Author interview with Pete Shotton, 1/19/98.

“The singing got raunchier”: Author interview with Nigel Walley, 3/11/98.

“It was the first day I did ‘Be-Bop-A-Lula’ ”: John Lennon, 1975 interview, in Anthology, p. 12.

“Come Go with Me”: Norman, Shout!, p. 43.

“I couldn’t take my eyes off him”: Coleman, Lennon, p. 65.

Shortly before they were finished: “I remember it as clear as day. They were standing below us, stage left… Ivan and Paul.” Author interviews with Eric Griffiths, 7/16/98, and Pete Shotton, 1/19/98.

Afterward, in the Scout hut: Author interview with Colin Hanton, 10/6/97.

“a bit of a stony atmosphere”: Len Garry, “The Quarrymen [sic]: Eric, Colin, Rod, John, Pete, and Len,” Q, 3/95, p. 55.

“notoriously wary of strangers”: Ibid.

a white sport coat: Miles, Paul McCartney, pp. 26–27.

“He played with a cool… touch”: Author interview with Nigel Walley, 3/11/98.

“Right off, I could see”: Author interview with Pete Shotton, 1/19/98.

It impressed John: Rod Davis, in “The Quarrymen,” Q, 3/95, p. 55.

“It was uncanny”: Author interview with Eric Griffiths, 7/16/98.

“Afterwards… John and Paul circled each other”: Author interview with Colin Hanton, 10/6/97.

“I half thought to myself”: Davies, Beatles, p. 33.

“What did you think of that kid”: Author interview with Pete Shotton, 1/19/98.

“The whole point of grammar school”: Author interview with Rod Davis, 7/22/98.

He was “disappointed”: Davies, Beatles, p. 18.

“Paul had made a huge impression”: Author interview with Pete Shotton, 1/19/98.

“Was it better to have a guy”: Wenner, Lennon Remembers, p. 160.

Ivan Vaughan solved part of the problem: “Pete Shotton seems to believe that he asked Paul to join the band, but that is not true. I know for a fact that Ivan asked him several days before that, at the institute, before school let out. Then they told Pete, who talked to John.” Author interview with Nigel Walley, 11/30/98.

“John was very laid-back”: Author interview with Pete Shotton, 1/19/98.

Scout camp/Butlins: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 29.

“Rod took everything too seriously”: Author interview with Nigel Walley, 11/30/98.

“He asked me if I could… play drums”: Author interview with Rod Davis, 7/22/98.

John and Nigel Walley procured: Author interview with Nigel Walley, 3/11/98.

No nephew of hers: Mimi Smith, AGA (undated).

Pobjoy recommended: Coleman, Lennon, p. 68; and Davies, Beatles, p. 47.

John had gone there for an interview: Davies, Beatles, p. 47.

Ballard’s exploits: Author interview with Quentin Hughes, 10/3/97.

“Arthur could see right through John”: Author interview with Helen Anderson, 11/4/97.

And yet, on a deeper level: “The painting teacher liked me, he got me in.” Davies, Beatles, p. 47. “Arthur felt there was talent there.” Author interview with Quentin Hughes, 10/3/97.

When Mimi received the… acceptance letter: Mimi Smith, AGA (undated).

“I was [going] there”: Davies, Beatles, p. 47.

“a rather nasty little boy”: Barbara Baker, 8/84, AGA.

“So I learned [the chords] upside down”: John Lennon, 1980 interview, in Anthology, p. 12.

“Paul was a showman”: Author interview with Pete Shotton, 1/19/98.

“To us, they were all dilettantes”: Author interview with Bill Harry, 8/1/97.

stuck out “like a sore thumb”: Author interview with Jonathan Hague, 5/21/98.

baby-blue Edwardian jacket: Author interviews with Ann Mason, 10/8/97, and Bill Harry, 8/1/97.

103–104 “There was total and utter freedom”: Author interview with Helen Anderson, 11/4/97.

“intimidating air”/“so over the top”: Author interview with Ann Mason, 10/8/97.

“I imitated Teddy boys”: John Lennon, 1973 interview, in Anthology, p. 13.

“He was quite a sight”: Author interview with Ann Mason, 10/8/97.

“Ah—he’s the unconventional one”: Author interview with Bill Harry, 8/1/97.

“marvelous art portfolio”: Author interview with Helen Anderson, 11/4/97.

he had no Scouse accent: Author interview with Bill Harry, 8/1/97.

“More often than not”: Bill Harry interview with Pauline Sutcliffe (audio), undated.

“Stuart was obsessed with Kierkegaard”: Author interview with Bill Harry, 8/3/97.

If anyone was more conspicuous than John: Author interview with Ann Mason, 10/8/97.

“stand the system on its head”: Author interview with Helen Anderson, 11/4/97.

“do as you please” policy: Ibid.

“John was absolutely untalented”: Author interview with Jonathan Hague, 5/21/98.

here John’s cartoons: Author interview with Bill Harry, 8/2/97.

“besotted” with Cézanne: Rod Murray, 12/84, AGA.

“He was painting like the American painters”: Ibid.

“very aggressive… with dark, moody colors”: Author interview with Helen Anderson, 11/4/97.

“I remember John being dragged out of class”: Author interview with Jonathan Hague, 5/21/98.

New Clubmoor Hall: Lewisohn, Chronicle, p. 15.

“a posh neighborhood”: Author interview with Nigel Walley, 11/30/98.

“They started talking about white jackets”: Author interview with Colin Hanton, 10/6/97.

“practicing relentlessly”: Author interview with Charles Roberts, 7/25/98.

“At first we were embarrassed”: Author interview with Colin Hanton, 10/6/97.

“You could have your ass kicked”: Author interview with Mike Rice, 7/27/98.

“The bus station was literally”: Author interview with Eric Griffiths, 7/16/98.

Out from under Mimi’s watchful eye: “We’d go up to John’s room and we’d sit on the bed and play records.” Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 46.

“We spent hours just listening”: Shepherd, True Story of the Beatles, p. 16.

“very diverse little record collection”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 81.

“have [had] quite as an identifiable voice”: John Lennon in WNEW-FM radio interview, 2/13/75.

“They were on the same indefinite path”: Author interview with Eric Griffiths, 7/16/98.

“The band quickly became John and Paul”: Author interview with Colin Hanton, 10/6/97.

“the only claim he had”: Author interview with Howie Casey, 11/27/97.

“a particularly attractive character”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 46.

“After a while, they’d finish each other’s sentences”: Author interview with Eric Griffiths, 7/16/98.

“The rest of us hadn’t a clue”: Author interview with Colin Hanton, 10/6/97.

“John and Paul were inseparable”: Author interview with Charles Roberts, 7/25/98.

“He had a way of just banging out”: Author interview with Eric Griffiths, 7/16/98.

CHAPTER 6: THE MISSING LINKS

“We could barely switch chords”: Author interview with Arthur Kelly, 1/10/98.

“blended in with the scenery”: Author interview with Tony Bramwell, 8/6/97.

115–16 “a quieter, more taciturn”: Iain Taylor in Pritchard & Lysaght, The Beatles, p. 26.

“They’d yell at each other”: Author interview with Arthur Kelly, 1/11/98.

a “blood”: Ibid.

“a refugee from a Tarzan”: Ibid.

“being dictated to”/“schizophrenic jerk[s]”: Davies, Beatles, p. 38.

“From about the age of thirteen”: Author interview with Arthur Kelly, 1/10/98.

Music in some form: Louise Harrison in Pritchard & Lysaght, The Beatles, p. 17.

“shocked” a visitor: Author interview with Arthur Kelly, 1/10/98.

splendid rosewood gramophone: Pritchard & Lysaght, The Beatles, p. 17.

“loads and loads of records”: Davies, Beatles, p. 18.

Ted Heath and Hoagy Carmichael: Giuliano, Dark Horse, pp. 16–17.

“just seemed made for me”: Davies, Beatles, p. 42.

Sitting in the front mezzanine: Irene Harrison in G. Harrison & D. Taylor, I, Me, Mine, p. 26.

Later, fanzine writers: Harry, Ultimate Beatles Encyclopedia, p. 204.

“By the end of the afternoon”: Author interview with Arthur Kelly, 1/10/98.

“a crappy old piece”: Ibid.

the unlikely price of £3 10s.: Anthology (video), part 1.

“put it away in the cupboard”: Davies, Beatles, p. 42.

“a bloke who lived round the corner”: Author interview with Arthur Kelly, 1/10/98.

“nicked off an American group”: Ibid.

decorated with gnomes: George Harrison in Giuliano, Dark Horse, p. 19.

British Legion gig: Author interview with Arthur Kelly, 1/11/98.

“Although George delivered meat”: Author interview with Tony Bramwell, 8/6/97.

here Stealing records at Lewis’s: Author interview with Arthur Kelly, 1/11/98.

“He knew how to color”: Author interview with Colin Manley, 10/2/97.

Smokers Corner: Author interview with Arthur Kelly, 1/10/98.

“I’d met Paul on the bus”: George Harrison in Anthology, p. 27.

Paul mentioned to his protégé: Lewisohn, Chronicle, p. 16.

He had traveled alone: Author interview with Eric Griffiths, 7/16/98.

The so-called official version: Davies, Beatles, p. 44.

“Charlie McBain wouldn’t have permitted”: Author interview with Colin Hanton, 10/6/97.

Caldwell raised enough money: Author interview with Iris Caldwell Fenton, 9/30/97.

Marjorie Thompson’s mother: Author interview with Johnny Byrne, 10/7/97.

“It was a dump”: Author interview with Colin Hanton, 10/6/97.

Ultraviolet skeletons: Author interview with Iris Caldwell Fenton, 9/30/97.

a wall fan pumped: Gottfridsson, From Cavern to Star-Club, p. 58.

first kisses: Author interview with Iris Caldwell Fenton, 9/30/97.

Hofner Senator: Gottfridsson, From Cavern to Star-Club, p. 58.

“He was a very tiny teddy boy”: Author interview with Colin Hanton, 10/6/97.

“The lads were very impressed”: Author interview with Eric Griffiths, 7/16/98.

“George was just too young”: Davies, Beatles, pp. 44–45.

“I don’t know what I felt”: George Harrison in Anthology, p. 29.

“George idolized John”: Author interview with Arthur Kelly, 1/10/98.

Griff “took it badly”: Author interview with Eric Griffiths, 7/16/98.

“I said to him, ‘Don’t feel so bad’ ”: Author interview with Colin Hanton, 10/6/97.

Len Garry: Garry, John, Paul & Me, p. 191.

“like cracking code”: Author interview with Arthur Kelly, 1/10/98.

CHAPTER 7: A GOOD LITTLE SIDESHOW

“nothing but a Wham-O”: Who Put the Bomp, 1971.

here Kelly, McBain, et al.: Author interview with Bill Harry, 8/1/97.

Most wore matching suits: Author interview with Howie Casey, 10/27/97.

“John refused to behave”: Author interview with Nigel Walley, 10/30/98.

“student joint”: Author interview with Adrian Barber, 10/4/97.

These bands, which became the vanguard: Author interview with Bill Harry, 8/1/97.

“I Lost My Little Girl”: “I must have played it to John when we met.” Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 34.

John was… “floored”: Author interview with Pete Shotton, 1/19/98.

“You can’t be that hungry twice”: Sheff, Playboy Interviews, p. 120.

“Don’t copy the swimming teacher”: Riley, Tell Me Why, p. 17.

“idols”: Paul McCartney in Somach, Ticket to Ride, p. 145.

“I’d be Phil”: Ibid.

“That’s where I picked up”: Author interview with Eric Griffiths, 7/16/98.

“We sat around for an entire afternoon”: Author interview with Arthur Kelly, 1/10/98.

“People these days take it for granted”: Paul McCartney in Anthology, p. 22.

“John and I started to write”: Ibid.

The McCartney parlor: Barbara Baker, 8/84, AGA.

“playing into each other’s noses”: Sheff, Playboy Interviews, p. 129.

They would begin by scrawling: Davies, Beatles, p. 57; Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 36.

“anything [they] came up with”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 36.

“We were just writing songs”: Sheff, Playboy Interviews, p. 129.

“Lyrics didn’t really count”: Ibid., p. 119.

“It was great,” Paul recalled: Paul McCartney in Anthology, p. 23.

Their first collaborative efforts: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 36.

“I Call Your Name”: Ibid., p. 46.

“most of them written under two or three hours”: Author interview with Paul McCartney, 3/27/97.

“It was always good practice”: Ibid.

Slouched on the furniture: Barbara Baker, 8/84, AGA; author interview with Nigel Walley, 10/30/98.

“We’d do some good rhythm”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 36.

the occasional stolen afternoons: “My dad would probably finish at five and be home by about six. That meant we had from two until about five.” Ibid., p. 34.

Weekends were reserved: Author interview with Nigel Walley, 10/30/98.

“Something special was growing”: Author interview with Colin Hanton, 10/6/97.

To augment their time together: Author interviews with Arthur Kelly, 1/10/98; Helen Anderson, 11/4/97; Ann Mason, 10/8/97.

“sneaking out”: Author interview with Ann Mason, 10/8/97.

They craved John’s camaraderie: Author interview with Arthur Kelly, 1/10/98; also Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 46.

“lovely little boys”: Author interview with Helen Anderson, 11/4/97.

Each day, he met his friends: Author interview with Bill Harry, 8/2/97.

beans on toast, with tea: Author interview with Arthur Kelly, 1/10/98.

“you could smoke there”: Ibid.

“whip out a pack”: Ibid.

Johnnie Crosby: Author interviews with Helen Anderson, 11/4/97, and Ann Mason, 10/8/97.

“wonderful honey-blond hair”: Author interview with Helen Anderson, 11/4/97.

“swanning about and drooling”: Author interview with Arthur Kelly, 1/10/98.

“Hey, John? Have you had her yet?”: Ibid.

“A student’s having sex”: Author interview with Ann Mason, 10/8/97.

“too afraid of getting pregnant”: Barbara Baker, 8/84, AGA.

“proposing to [Barb]”: Ibid.

here Despite Baker’s belief: Author interview with Pete Shotton, 1/19/98, and confidential source.

The institute had a long-standing practice: Author interview with Don Andrew, 10/4/97.

“the noise of an electric guitar”: Ibid.

“such a right swine”: Author interview with Colin Manley, 10/3/97.

“It was fantastic”: Ibid.

“We couldn’t even get near the door”: Author interview with Don Andrew, 10/4/97.

“just filling in time”: Ibid.

“They began playing in the… canteen”: Author interview with Bill Harry, 8/1/97.

“With no backing to speak of”: Author interview with Helen Anderson, 11/4/97.

“We’d share sandwiches”: Ibid.

“Most people had a perilous relationship”: Author interview with Helen Anderson, 11/4/97.

Ye Cracke/Who Farted?: Author interview with Bill Harry, 8/2/97.

“John had an awful lot of intensity”: Arthur Ballard, 2/84, AGA.

“very conservative” director: Author interview with Jonathan Hague, 5/21/98.

“wallpaper”: Wenner, Lennon Remembers, p. 164.

“I was different”: Ibid., p. 166.

“All they had was information”: Ibid., p. 164.

CHAPTER 8: THE COLLEGE BAND

“professional tape and disc recording service”: From letterhead, P. F. Phillips Studios, given to author.

rambling, redbrick: Author interview with Colin Hanton, 10/6/97.

“a theatrical flat”: Carole Higgens (Phillips’s daughter) in Gottfridsson, From Cavern to Star-Club, p. 27.

George first heard of the studio: Author interview with Johnny Byrne, 10/8/97.

recorded… “Butterfly” there in June of 1957: John Lowe in Gottfridsson, From Cavern to Star-Club, p. 28.

As arranged beforehand, they’d met: Ibid., p. 46.

“That’ll Be the Day”: Anthology (audio), disc 1.

A rainstorm materialized: Gottfridsson, From Cavern to Star-Club, p. 46.

“a naffy old man”: Author interview with Colin Hanton, 10/6/97.

3s. 6d. each: Percy Phillips in Liverpool Echo, 12/24/77.

“go straight to vinyl”: Author interview with Colin Hanton, 10/6/97.

John, rather ingeniously, suggested: Ibid.

transposed it to the B-string: Author interview with Arthur Kelly, 1/10/98.

“Then, out of the blue”: Author interview with Colin Hanton, 10/6/97.

“For seventeen and six”: “I clearly remember him getting hot under the collar.” John Lowe in Gottfridsson, From Cavern to Star-Club, p. 47.

“When we got the record”: Paul McCartney in Anthology, p. 23.

“Charlie got it played daily”: Author interview with Colin Hanton, 10/6/97.

“week after week went by”: Author interview with Nigel Walley, 3/11/98.

by Paul’s own admission: Author interview with Paul McCartney, 3/21/97.

St. Barnabas Hall: Barbara Baker, 8/84, AGA.

“with a smile that lit up the room”: Author interview with Colin Hanton, 10/6/97.

“She couldn’t stop moving”: Barbara Baker, 8/84, AGA.

Mimi “laying down the law”: Leila Harvey, 10/84, AGA.

She implored her elder sister: Barbara Baker, 8/84, AGA; also Stanley Parkes, 1/19/85, AGA.

“He was always very open”: Stanley Parkes, 1/19/85, AGA.

“I’d gone around to John’s”: Author interview with Nigel Walley, 3/7/98.

146–47 “we both went white”: Davies, Beatles, p. 48.

“That’s really fucked everything!”: Ibid.

“He didn’t say anything”: Barbara Baker, 8/84, AGA.

“Now we were both in this”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 49.

“For months [afterward], John”: Author interview with Nigel Walley, 3/7/98.

“went out of him forever”: Author interview with Pete Shotton, 7/16/98.

“a girlfriend-boyfriend relationship”: Ibid., 1/19/98.

“I lost [my mother] twice”: Sheff, Playboy Interviews, p. 137.

he didn’t go visit his cousin: Stanley Parkes, 1/19/85, AGA.

Paul provided the basic structure: There are conflicting accounts. For McCartney’s, see Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 36; for Lennon’s, see Hit Parader. “ ‘Love Me Do’ is Paul’s song. He wrote it when he was a teenager.” Sheff, Playboy Interviews, p. 129.

“P.S. I Love You”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 38.

in a room at Ye Cracke: Author interview with Jonathan Hague, 5/21/98.

John was “very entertaining”: Rod Murray, 12/84, AGA.

“some blokes… prancing about”: Ian Sharpe, 8/84, AGA.

“John could just as easily”: Author interview with Pete Shotton, 1/19/98.

“crowded, informal affairs”: Author interview with Bill Harry, 8/2/97.

“inner bunch”/“anchorman”: Author interview with Colin Hanton, 10/6/97.

where Julia Lennon had once danced: Stanley Parkes, 1/25/85, AGA.

As Nigel Walley had explained it: Author interview with Nigel Walley, 11/30/98.

“Aside from George”: Author interview with Colin Hanton, 10/6/97.

“By the time we had to go on”: George Harrison in Anthology, p. 31.

CHAPTER 9: CHALK AND CHEESE

“peroxide-blond hair”: Author interview with Iris Caldwell Fenton, 9/10/97.

“stripping down to a tiny bikini”: Ibid.

“He would do anything”: Author interview with Ray Ennis, 10/1/97.

“because it had excellent pulling power”: Author interview with Iris Caldwell Fenton, 9/10/97.

“When the lights came up”: Author interview with Howie Casey, 10/27/97.

“big beat dances”: Liverpool Echo (repeated ads).

“I told him he was too young”: Author interview with Johnny Byrne, 10/8/97.

Mostly, they just rehearsed: Giuliano, Dark Horse, p. 23.

“working-men’s clubs”: Ken Brown in Pritchard & Lysaght, The Beatles, p. 21.

“By December, he was completely out of control”: Author interview with Jonathan Hague, 5/21/98.

“Most of his antics”: Author interview with Ann Mason, 10/8/97.

“he was embarrassingly rude”: Author interview with Helen Anderson, 11/4/97.

“scruffy, dangerous-looking”: “Cynthia Lennon: In Her Own Words,” Hello!, 4/30/94.

“outrageous… a rough sort”: Ibid.

Rodney Begg: Author interview with confidential source.

“It was a skill that required”: Hello!, 4/30/94.

“vague friendship between them”: Author interview with Bill Harry, 8/3/97.

“into [a] blond bombshell”: Author interview with Helen Anderson, 11/4/97.

“madly in love”: Hello!, 4/30/94.

“He had found someone”: Author interview with Jonathan Hague, 5/21/98.

“Even as a child, she was easygoing”: Author interview with Helen Anderson, 11/4/97.

“bohernia”: Author interview with Bill Harry, 8/2/97.

“When she took a shine to him”: Author interview with Ann Mason, 10/8/97.

she would duck into “the ladies’ loo”: Ibid.

“It was like all the places”: Author interview with Beryl Williams, 11/2/97.

“in a Greek joint”: Williams, “The Liverpool Scene” (unpublished manuscript).

“submit for his certificate”: Author interview with Helen Anderson, 11/4/97.

“everybody chipped bits of paintings”: Rod Murray, 12/84, AGA.

CHAPTER 10: MOONDOGS AND ENGLISHMEN

little “whacker”: “Mimi always said he had a low-Liverpool voice, a real whacker,” Davies, Beatles, p. 45.

“Cyn and I would be going”: Wenner, Playboy Interviews, p. 126.

“[George] would hurriedly catch up”: C. Lennon, A Twist, p. 26.

“didn’t hold a candle to John and Paul”: Author interview with Bill Harry, 8/4/97.

Ruth Morrison: Ibid.

she disclosed… a new coffee bar: Guiliano, Dark Horse, p. 23; Pritchard & Lysaght, The Beatles, p. 21.

The house at 8 Hayman’s Green: Bill Harry interview with Pete Best, 3/96.

Ken was more than familiar: “Ken Brown, one of my friends from the Collegiate, my grammar school…” Best & Harry, Best Years, p. 21.

“I went round to see her”: Ken Brown in Pritchard & Lysaght, The Beatles, p. 21.

a steady buzz built: Best & Harry, Best Years, p. 18.

lights were put in: Pete Best in Pritchard & Lysaght, The Beatles, p. 20.

“the perfect house” Author interview with Johnny Byrne, 10/8/97.

“shoulder to shoulder”: Mona Best in Pritchard & Lysaght, The Beatles, p. 23.

“Among the songs we performed”: Ken Brown in ibid., p. 21.

a princely £3: Leigh, Drummed Out!, p. 10.

“None of us dreamed”: Author interview with Colin Manley, 10/3/97.

“just about hear the band”: Author interview with Bill Harry, 8/4/97.

“It was a good idea”: Author interview with Arthur Kelly, 1/10/98.

“Girls were the main reason”: Author interview with Paul McCartney, 3/21/97.

Bubbles: Author interview with Dot Rhone Becker, 11/19/98.

“It must have been all over my face”: Ibid.

“the fantastic scenes outside”: Best & Doncaster, Beatle!, p. 22.

the club fees and five-pence admission: “Membership was fixed at half a crown a year (12½ pence) plus a shilling (5 pence) admission fee at the door.” Ibid., p. 20.

Despite the constant crush: Author interview with Bill Harry, 8/4/97.

“They didn’t have much”: Mona Best in Pritchard & Lysaght, The Beatles, p. 23.

“an immensely likeable guy”: Best & Harry, Best Years, p. 25.

“Mo decided to pay [Ken]”: Ibid.

“went ballistic”: Author interview with Bill Harry, 8/4/97.

“She kept Ken’s fifteen bob”: Best & Doncaster, Beatle!, p. 22.

“Right, that’s it, then!”: Ken Brown in Pritchard & Lysaght, The Beatles, p. 23.

“back into the business”: Best & Doncaster, Beatle!, p. 23.

“pencils, and later drumsticks”: Ibid.

“knock beats out”: Best & Harry, Best Years, p. 24.

“Stuart was his last hope”: Author interview with Bill Harry, 8/2/97.

remembered being “fascinated”: “Cynthia Lennon: In Her Own Words,” Hello!, 7/7/94.

“Here with no one watching”: Ibid.

“Stuart wore tinted glasses”: Author interview with Bill Harry, 8/2/97.

“[H]e had a lot of innovative”: Rod Murray, 12/84, AGA.

“a tiddler”: “Cynthia Lennon: In Her Own Words,” Hello!, 5/7/94.

“Stuart was not… outwardly forceful”: Rod Murray, 12/84, AGA.

“a tremendous energy and intensity”: Hello!, 5/7/94.

Whatever “milk money”: Bill Harry interview with Pauline Sutcliffe (audio), undated.

“Stuart never let on”: Author interview with Bill Harry, 8/2/97.

“John did all the things”: Millie Sutcliffe in Pritchard & Lysaght, The Beatles, pp. 24–25.

The incipient taste was enshrined: Author interview with Bill Harry, 8/2/97.

Bratby or… de Stael: Bill Harry interview with Pauline Sutcliffe (audio), undated.

“kipping in [Stuart’s] room”: Author interview with Bill Harry, 8/7/97.

a “monumental painting”: Rod Murray, 12/84, AGA.

“real resonance”: Ibid.

Stuart was ecstatic: Bill Harry interview with Pauline Sutcliffe (audio), undated.

he’d “failed everything”: Author interview with Arthur Kelly, 1/10/98.

“It is very difficult”: Ibid.

“some old fellow chundering on”: Davies, Beatles, p. 40.

“His parents were fairly easygoing”: Author interview with Arthur Kelly, 1/10/98.

“singing brilliantly”: Ibid.

“We got there in the morning”: Author interview with Ray Ennis, 10/1/97.

“old tatty piece of junk”: Ibid.

“besotted with each other”: Author interview with Bill Harry, 8/7/97.

“Paul was furious”: Author interview with Dot Rhone Becker, 11/19/98.

Hillary Mansions: Rod Murray, 12/84, AGA.

“ridiculously expensive”: Ibid.

Lucretius’s On the Nature of the Universe: Alan Sharpe, AGA (undated).

cemetery in the Anglican cathedral: Bill Harry interview with Pauline Sutcliffe (audio), undated.

“Now [that] you’ve got all this money”: Ibid.

According to one version, his father: Norman, Shout!, p. 64.

In fact, using a bit of creative financing: Bill Harry interview with Pauline Sutcliffe (audio), undated.

“What the bloody hell”: Author interview with Bill Harry, 8/2/97.

CHAPTER 11: HIT THE ROAD: JAC

“just thinking about what a good name”: Davies, Beatles, p. 64.

Stuart might have suggested beetles: Ibid., introduction to second edition.

“to make it look like beat music”: Ibid., p. 64.

“John and Stuart came out”: Author interview with Paul McCartney, 3/21/97.

The only gig to speak of: Author interview with Dot Rhone Becker, 11/19/98.

Eddie Cochran and Gene Vincent… Liverpool Empire: Author interview with Bill Harry, 8/4/97; Lewisohn, Chronicle, p. 18; author interview with Hal Carter, 8/14/97.

“They knew that to get any attention”: Author interview with Bill Harry, 8/4/97.

The Student Union had a discretionary fund: Rod Murray, 12/84, AGA.

“troubled”/“distraction”: Author interview with Quentin Hughes, 10/3/97.

“Oh, the skin has come off”: Author interview with Bill Harry, 8/4/97.

“Art students were inclined to drop in”: Author interview with Beryl Williams, 11/2/97.

“They’d go into a great big huddle”: Williams, “Liverpool Scene,” p. 69.

“sort of musical revolution”: Ibid., p. 42.

“I began to realise the implications”: Ibid., p. 44.

“In most cases, what attracted Larry”: Author interview with Hal Carter, 8/14/97.

Parnes had a cluster of glittery stars: Clayson, Beat Merchants, p. 40; Lewisohn, Chronicle, p. 18.

“Larry was on tour”: Author interview with Hal Carter, 8/14/97.

“immediately fell in love”: Ibid.

“high cheekbones and restless eyes”: Clayson, Beat Merchants, p. 41.

“a very elegant dresser”/“schmatte business”: Author interview with Hal Carter, 8/14/97.

“fee of about £500”: Williams, “Liverpool Scene,” p. 45.

The show was scheduled for May 3: Lewisohn, Chronicle, p. 18.

“the tragic death of Eddie Cochran”: Williams, “Liverpool Scene,” p. 47.

here Details of Cochran’s death: Ward, Rock of Ages, p. 223.

He flushed with guilt: “Momentarily, I was stupefied, then selfish thoughts intruded. I’d been robbed of my two top stars.” Williams, “Liverpool Scene,” p. 47.

To fill the gaping hole: Lewisohn, Chronicle, p. 19.

“Everyone who was anyone”: Author interview with Bill Harry, 8/7/97.

“a seminal event”: Author interview with Adrian Barber, 10/4/97.

“It was [the type of] voice”: Ibid., 8/4/97.

“he had convinced Lennon”: Ibid., 10/4/97.

he was willing to do almost anything: Norman, Shout!, p. 74.

He also had a day job: Harry, Ultimate Beatles Encyclopedia, p. 471.

“Tommy Moore was a pro”: Author interview with Adrian Barber, 10/4/97.

“Cathy’s Clown”: Norman, Shout!, p. 73.

following the Stadium concert: “After the show, we all retired to the Jacaranda.” Williams, “Liverpool Scene,” p. 57.

if Williams represented these bands: Ibid., p. 58.

“But you must have a drummer”: Ibid., p. 61.

Cass was “the prophet”: Ibid., p. 44.

“For these two periods”: Pawlowski, How They Became, p. 12.

The audition had been scheduled: Lewisohn, Chronicle, p. 19.

Allan Williams had taken a lease: Author interview with Beryl Williams, 11/2/97.

He’d decided to rename it: “I’d seen that smashing film, The Blue Angel, and I’d thought, ‘What a marvellous [sic] name.’ ” Williams, “Liverpool Scene,” p. 143.

“They blew in, rough and tumble”: Author interview with Howie Casey, 10/27/97.

“sat stone-faced”: Ibid.

John Lennon pressed Billy Fury for an autograph: Pawlowski, How They Became, p. 15 (photo).

“Johnny did and played”: Author interview with Adrian Barber, 10/4/97.

Only a few pictures… exist: The entire set, taken by Cheniston Roland, appears in Pawlowski, How They Became, pp. 13–22.

“I thought the boys in front were great”: Norman, Shout!, p. 76.

in “a most off-putting style”: Williams, “Liverpool Scene,” p. 66.

“Quite suddenly,” Allan Williams recalled: Ibid., p. 121.

When Williams brought them the offer: Millie Sutcliffe recalled: “[Stuart] was quite upset, really heartbroken, and he said, ‘Mother, I think I’ve let the boys down.’ ” Pritchard & Lysaght, The Beatles, p. 31.

“Forget it, Stu”: Ibid.

the astounding sum of £90: Lewisohn, Chronicle, p. 19.

George and Tommy took time off: Compiled from numerous sources, including Norman, Pawlowski, Williams, and Salewicz, McCartney.

The problem of equipment: Author interview with Bill Harry, 8/3/97.

Stuart de Stael: Paul McCartney in Anthology, p. 44.

Paul Ramon: “I thought it sounded really glamorous, sort of Valentinoish.” Davies, Beatles, p. 65.

here Details of the Beatles’ train ride: Author interview with Hal Carter, 8/14/97.

188–89 Johnny Gentle’s background: “I made my guitar before I went out to sea.” Author interview with John Askew, 8/15/97.

“The crowd was lovely”: Ibid.

“They weren’t the normal bunch of kids”: Author interview with Hal Carter, 8/14/97.

“pulled out all the stops”: Author interview with John Askew, 8/15/97.

“Don’t worry about us”: Ibid.

“You listen to me, mate”: Ibid.

“flying crates and beer bottles”: Author interview with Bill Harry, 8/7/97.

“Hully Gully”: “Every time we did ‘Hully Gully’ there would be a fight.” George Harrison in Anthology, p. 53.

“He was injured”: Bill Harry interview with Pauline Sutcliffe (audio), undated.

defection of Tommy Moore: “I’d had enough of them all—especially Lennon.” Norman, Shout!, p. 78.

New Cabaret Artistes: Author interview with Bill Harry, 8/4/97.

“a moonlight flit”: Author interview with Beryl Williams, 11/2/97.

the “dusky troupe”: Williams, “Liverpool Scene, p. 82.

“come to Germany and stay”: Author interview with Beryl Williams, 11/1/97.

“Hamburg fascinated me”: Williams, “Liverpool Scene,” p. 86.

they had changed the spelling: Lewisohn, Chronicle, p. 28.

“dreadfully crummy”: Williams, “Liverpool Scene,” p. 88.

“the manager of a very famous rock ’n roll group”: Ibid.

“the Smoke”: “We always referred to London as ‘the Smoke.’ ” Author interview with Bill Harry, 8/3/97.

“He was always thinking on his feet”: Author interview with Howie Casey, 10/27/97.

“What a coincidence!”: Williams, “Liverpool Scene,” p. 90.

“He was the star”: Author interview with Adrian Barber, 10/4/97.

“He was unpredictable”: Author interview with Gibson Kemp, 8/12/97.

“Tony was extremely well endowed”: Author interview with Adrian Barber, 10/4/97.

“[Koschmider] made us an offer”: Author interview with Howie Casey, 10/27/97.

“When somebody didn’t pay”: Author interview with Adrian Barber, 10/4/97.

“Limper was the leader”: Ibid.

199–200 “you had to chase and work at British girls”: Author interview with Ray Ennis, 10/1/97.

“We were going to marry those girls”: Author interview with Howie Casey, 10/27/97.

“ruin the scene”: Ibid.

CHAPTER 12: BAPTISM BY FIRE

“pissing rain”: Author interview with Johnny Byrne, 10/8/97.

“like a funeral parlor”: Ibid.

he offered the gig to Rory Storm: Ibid.

“Allan was having plenty”: Author interview with Bill Harry, 8/1/97.

“sort of a crappy group”: Allan Williams in Pritchard & Lysaght, The Beatles, p. 42.

“reporters from the Empire News”: Rod Murray, 8/84, AGA.

Rod Jones: Ibid.

“Come on, let’s go have a look”: Ibid.

“They got newspapers”: Author interview with Bill Harry, 8/1/97.

THIS IS THE BEATNIK HORROR: Sunday People, 7/3/60.

caught the attention of the… residents association: Rod Murray, 8/84, AGA.

“to suck up to the press”: Author interview with Bill Harry, 8/1/97.

“I wasn’t altogether happy”: Williams, “Liverpool Scene,” p. 82.

George… had remained in touch: Best & Doncaster, Beatle!, p. 28.

“real pounding rock ’n roll drummer”: Harry Prytherch in Leigh, Drummed Out!, p. 43.

Best told one interviewer: “My mother took a phone call from Paul McCartney. He said that they had an offer to go to Germany and needed a drummer.” Leigh, Let’s Go Down the Cavern, p. 37.

“I’d always liked them”: Davies, Beatles, p. 70.

“He was absent too much”: Author interview with Helen Anderson, 11/4/97.

“feared the worst”: Coleman, Lennon, p. 116.

Over Jim’s objections: “My dad’s catch phrase was always get a job first… a serious job.” Mike McCartney in Pritchard & Lysaght, The Beatles, p. 38.

“I didn’t want to go back”: Davies, Beatles, p. 72.

“buy… lots of things”: M. McCartney, Thank U Very Much (unnumbered).

Paul invited Allan Williams: “To stamp the seal of approval on things, Paul brought Alan [sic] Williams to the house.” Ibid.

“a respectable and kind person”: Bill Harry interview with Pauline Sutcliffe (audio), undated.

“Allan didn’t entirely tell… the whole truth”: Ibid.

They’d arrived at dusk: Williams, “Liverpool Scene,” p. 84.

“mile of sin”: Insight Guides: Germany, p. 290.

“It was an ‘anything goes’ kind of place”: Author interview with Adrian Barber, 2/29/00.

“was depressing”: Best & Harry, Best Years, p. 45.

By contract, the Beatles: Lewisohn, Chronicle, p. 24 (photo).

“You can’t imagine the work”: Author interview with Ray Ennis, 10/1/97.

“were… far too deadpan”: Williams, “Liverpool Scene,” p. 93.

“the sexiest music of all”: Riley, Tell Me Why, p. 59.

“C’mon, boys… make a show”: Lewisohn, Chronicle, p. 23, and reported variously in almost every book written about the Beatles, including Miles, Coleman, Davies, Best & Harry, and Anthology.

“powerhouse music”: Best & Harry, Best Years, p. 47.

“After a few weeks”: Author interview with Johnny Byrne, 10/8/97.

“possible to pass the whole night”: Jürgen Vollmer, 12/84, AGA.

“Eating wasn’t part of the equation”: Author interview with Howie Casey, 10/27/97.

“baptism by fire”: Author interview with Bill Harry, 8/4/97.

“filthy, dirty, and disgusting”: Author interview with Howie Casey, 10/27/97.

“the black holes of Calcutta”: Pete Best in Pritchard & Lysaght, The Beatles, p. 50.

“It was freezing cold”: Author interview with Johnny Byrne, 10/8/97.

“We used to work the hell out of it”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 59.

Rosa Hoffman: “Mutti’s real name was Rosa Hoffman. She was born on April 21, 1900, and died March 15, 1988.” Letter, Erich Weber to Bill Harry, 6/21/97.

“We thought they were a pretty scruffy bunch”: Author interview with Howie Casey, 10/27/97.

“Crank it up, Pete”: Best & Harry, Best Years, p. 50.

the “most absurd request”: Author interview with John Frankland, 10/6/97.

“Mr. Showmanship”: Author interview with Bob Wooler, 10/30/97.

“crumby”: “Rory Storm and the Hurricanes came out here the other week, and they are crumby.” Letter, George Harrison to Arthur Kelly (undated).

“und the Beatles”: poster, belonging to Johnny Byrne; also John Lowe in Gottfridsson, From Cavern to Star-Club, p. 54 (photo).

By all accounts, they were paid more: Clayson, Straight Man, p. 38.

“blow these guys off the stage”: Best & Harry, Best Years, p. 53.

Vi Caldwell… kept Paul in cigarettes: Author interview with Iris Caldwell Fenton, 9/10/97.

“the prettiest girl”: Author interview with Bill Harry, 8/5/97.

“Every night was another… jam”: Author interview with Johnny Byrne, 10/8/97.

216–17 “It was such an incredible number”: Ibid.

“I pay five men!”: Ibid.

“There was a stunned”: Best & Harry, Best Years, p. 78.

“the guy tried to climb up”: Author interview with Gibson Kemp, 8/12/97.

“like winning the lottery”: Author interview with John Frankland, 10/6/97.

“he fixed [them] up”: Author interview with Howie Casey, 10/27/97.

“German customers would say”: Best & Harry, Best Years, p. 78.

mobsters “would come in late at night”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 66.

“they were so exhausted”: Lewisohn, Chronicle, p. 23.

“Once you had a few beers”: Author interview with Ray Ennis, 10/1/97.

“gobbled them down”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 66.

“eating Prellie sandwiches”: Letter, George Harrison to Arthur Kelly (undated).

“was dodgy… you could get a little too wired”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 67.

“We tried any number of crazy things”: Author interview with Johnny Byrne, 10/8/97.

“like a waterbed”: Ibid.

“high-class call girls”: Best & Harry, Best Years, p. 74.

“Nobody really looked at the stage”: Jürgen Vollmer, 12/84, AGA.

“rockers”: “The rockers were exactly like the Beatles—rough.” Ibid.

Eventually, during a break: Norman, Shout!, p. 97.

In fact, Stuart had spotted all three: “They wandered into the club about a week ago and seated themselves at a table near the band, where I soon became aware of them.” Letter, Stuart Sutcliffe to Susan Williams, 10/60.

“typical bohemians”: Ibid.

The three, it turned out: “Stuart, we knew immediately, was one of us.” Jürgen Vollmer, 12/84, AGA.

“The minute she walked into a room”: Author interview with Bill Harry, 8/5/97.

Neither outwardly personable: “Astrid was always… unsocial, she was always a loner.” Jürgen Vollmer, 8/84, AGA.

“She had a tremendous feel”: Author interview with Gibson Kemp, 8/12/97.

“I had never met anybody like them”: Letter, Stuart Sutcliffe to Susan Williams, 10/60.

“My impression was that Stuart”: Jürgen Vollmer, 12/84, AGA.

“exis”: “ ‘Exis,’ that’s what I called them.” Davies, Beatles, p. 83.

“totally and immediately fascinated”: Jürgen Vollmer, 8/82, AGA.

“It was like a merry-go-round”: Astrid Kirchherr in Pritchard & Lysaght, The Beatles, p. 48.

der Dom: Norman, Shout!, p. 97.

“Cocteau phase”: Jürgen Vollmer, 8/82, AGA.

He proved more than capable: “What They Played,” Lewisohn, Chronicle, pp. 361–65.

“a very charming image”: Jürgen Vollmer, 8/82, AGA.

“I was always practical”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 65.

“weak link”: Ibid.

“I have definitely decided to pack in”: Letter, Stuart Sutcliffe to Susan Williams, 10/60.

“He was always kidding”: Jürgen Vollmer, 8/82, AGA.

“But he just seemed to take it”: Author interview with Bill Harry, 8/2/97.

occupied by a peep show: Lewisohn, Chronicle, p. 23.

Sheridan’s repertoire: Author interview with Johnny Frankland, 10/6/97.

“He would play solos”: Author interview with Johnny Byrne, 10/8/97.

“He’d get guitar diarrhea”: Author interview with Gibson Kemp, 8/12/97.

“In the end”: Author interview with Johnny Byrne, 10/8/97.

“We suddenly realized”: Best & Harry, Best Years, p. 82.

along with a clause that forbade: Author interview with Johnny Byrne, 10/8/97.

Eckhorn recognized: “They came to me…. I liked them and offered them a contract.” Davies, Beatles, p. 87.

He terminated the Beatles’ contract: Lewisohn, Chronicle, p. 24.

The band was required to make an announcement: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 70.

“So I had to leave”: Davies, Beatles, p. 87.

“This gave us just enough light”: Best & Harry, Best Years, p. 82.

“attempting to burn down”: Ibid., p. 83.

“felt ashamed”: Davies, Beatles, p. 89.

CHAPTER 13: A REVELATION TO BEHOLD

A week before Christmas: “Oddly, it was George and I who made the first moves, running around town in search of venues to play.” Best & Doncaster, Beatle!, p. 81.

“disgruntled and very angry”: C. Lennon, A Twist, p. 52.

Williams was in no mood: “There’s nothing I can do for you at the moment,” he told them. “I’m up to my eyes in trouble.” Williams, “Liverpool Scene,” p. 113.

“job for life”/“drinking heavily”: Author interview with Bob Wooler, 10/30/97.

“She was always there”: Best & Doncaster, Beatle!, p. 81.

“She gave them the kind of work”: Author interview with Bob Wooler, 10/30/97.

The Seniors had played there: Davies, Beatles, p. 91.

“a revelation to behold”: Author interview with Bill Harry, 8/4/97.

“and had the nerve to play”: John Cochrane in Leigh, Drummed Out!, p. 19.

“We’d been pussyfooting”: Pat Clusky in ibid.

“were utterly, utterly devastated”: Bill Harry interview with Pauline Sutcliffe (audio), undated.

He had written before Christmas: Ibid.

“He didn’t seem keen”: Letter, Stuart Sutcliffe to Pauline Sutcliffe, 12/24/60.

“anybody would be taking her son”: Bill Harry interview with Pauline Sutcliffe (audio), undated.

“picking on him”: Davies, Beatles, p. 98.

“Come home sooner”: Letter, George Harrison to Stuart Sutcliffe, 12/16/60.

Without a bass: Gottfridsson, From Cavern to Star-Club, p. 64.

“put Liverpool on the map”: Ray McFall in Leigh, Let’s Go Down the Cavern, p. 26.

“doing the jazzy-type stuff”: Author interview with Ray Ennis, 10/1/97.

An ersatz ventilation pipe: Leigh, Let’s Go Down to the Cavern, p. 24.

“The Cavern was a shithole”: Author interview with Adrian Barber, 10/4/97.

“At first, it was difficult to breathe”: Author interview with Bob Wooler, 10/30/97.

“It was as if they’d gone”: Author interview with Dot Rhone Becker, 11/19/98.

“Lovely lovely lovely… Cyn”: Hello!, 5/7/94.

“John was a flirt”: Ibid.

For months, Peter Eckhorn: Miles, Paul McCartney, pp. 74–75.

Pete Best worked the same: Best & Doncaster, Beatle!, p. 89.

Impervious to his parents’ dismay: “They were going to be together and that was that, whether we liked it or not.” Bill Harry interview with Pauline Sutcliffe (audio), undated.

In January he had been beaten: Millie Sutcliffe in Pritchard & Lysaght, The Beatles, pp. 60–61; Best & Harry, Best Years, p. 92.

John also broke: Best & Harry, Best Years, p. 92; Aspinall, Rave, 1966; also “John dived to Stuart’s defense and got his finger broken in the process.” Hello!, 5/7/94.

“We’d listen to both sides”: Best & Harry, Best Years, p. 99.

they “clubbed together”: “NEMS had fantastic listening booths. They’d take a stack of records in there and if someone really loved one…” Author interview with Gibson Kemp, 8/12/97.

“If someone got out of line”: Author interview with Adrian Barber, 8/4/97.

“He liked us backing him”: Best & Harry, Best Years, p. 106.

powsas: C. Lennon, A Twist, p. 57.

“Here’s something to keep”: Best & Doncaster, Beatle!, p. 95.

“in letters from Germany”: Bill Harry interview with Pauline Sutcliffe (audio), undated.

“It was loose”: Author interview with Beryl Williams, 11/2/97.

“[It] struck me as being”: Williams, “Liverpool Scene,” p. 123.

Stuart’s follow-up letter: Ibid.

“he wasn’t disappointed”: Author interview with Beryl Williams, 11/2/97.

“It was loud”: Jürgen Vollmer, 8/82, AGA.

“In my art school”: Astrid Kirchherr in Pritchard & Lysaght, The Beatles, p. 67.

Out of ignorance: “This was going too far, we all thought…. ” Best & Doncaster, Beatle!, p. 94; Davies, Beatles, p. 103.

“The pills and booze”: C. Lennon, A Twist, p. 55.

“he seemed more grown-up”: Author interview with Dot Rhone Becker, 11/19/98.

John took Cynthia: C. Lennon, A Twist, p. 54.

“She sounded as though she could”: Ibid., p. 55.

Astrid and John… held hands: “We would hold hands occasionally, but he would find it hard even to do that.” Astrid Kirchherr in Coleman, Lennon, p. 129.

Paul and Dot bunked: “We had our own bedroom. I don’t remember seeing much of Rosa.” Author interview with Dot Rhone Becker, 11/19/98.

“with such a wallop”: Best & Doncaster, Beatle!, p. 103.

“They beat the shit out of each other”: Author interview with confidential source.

“It was the beginning of the end”: Best & Doncaster, Beatle!, p. 103.

“he was only lending it”: Paul McCartney in Pritchard & Lysaght, The Beatles, p. 70.

a gold band: Author interview with Dot Rhone Becker, 11/19/98.

“like lepers”: Author interview with Ray Ennis, 10/1/97.

Tommy Kent: Gottfridsson, From Cavern to Star-Club, p. 68.

“He said we were the best”: Liverpool Echo, 2/20/96.

Kaempfert’s response was polite: “He certainly showed little excitement at what we were doing.” Best & Doncaster, Beatle!, p. 104.

The Beatles were stunned: Best & Harry, Best Years, p. 108.

It was a sticky piece: “It was presented as: ‘That is the deal you’re going to get.’ ” Ibid.

“What the hell”: Ibid.

along with George’s instrumental: Pete Best in Pritchard & Lysaght, The Beatles, p. 71.

“represented something new”: “They were a new invention in those days.” Karl Hinze in Gottfridsson, From Cavern to Star-Club, p. 83.

CHAPTER 14: MR. X

the 500 Limited bus: Author interview with Bob Wooler, 10/30/97.

“Look at this. I’ve just received it”: Pritchard & Lysaght, The Beatles, p. 73.

“Mein Herz ist bei dir nur”: Polydor, no. NH 24673; English release date: BBC, Arena archives.

“Up until then”: Author interview with Bob Wooler, 10/30/97.

“Let me play it tonight”: Ibid.

“Go and tell him to get fucking well stuffed”: Ibid.

“There was only one record store”: Pritchard & Lysaght, The Beatles, p. 73.

In a datebook he carried: Personal diary of Brian Epstein, 1949; courtesy of Bryan Barrett.

“lived for Beethoven, Mozart”: Author interview with Alistair Taylor, 1/17/98.

a collection of the Brandenburg Concertos: “My mother gave them to me when I was nineteen, for my birthday.” Desert Island Discs, 11/30/64.

“The closest Brian ever got”: Author interview with Peter Brown, 12/3/97.

He was born on September 19, 1934: Stella Epstein Cantor, Arena archives.

“She knew what it meant to be a lady”: Author interview with Rex Makin, 11/1/97.

“Tell me, Auntie”: Stella Epstein Cantor, Arena archives.

“Queenie treated him as an equal”: Author interview with Rex Makin, 11/1/97.

“one of those out-of-sorts boys”: Epstein, Cellarful, p. 25.

“problem child”: “When my mother, distressed and weeping, pleaded with the head-master that I should be given another term, he replied, ‘Madam, we have no room for your problem child.’ ” From Brian Epstein’s handwritten journal, 1957.

“It was at this school”: Ibid.

“benevolent academies”: “They solved [my school problem]… by sending me to one of those benevolent academies where failures are welcomed…. ” Epstein, Cellarful, p. 29.

“I tried very hard”: Brian Epstein’s datebook, 1949.

A portfolio of eight drawings: Brian Epstein, portfolio, courtesy of Bryan Barrett.

Harry… “went up the pole”: Stella Epstein Cantor, Arena archives.

it “was impossible”/“it would be stupid”: Brian Epstein’s handwritten journal, 1957, p. 6.

“In a rage of temper”: Ibid.

“reported for duty”: Epstein, Cellarful, p. 31.

“a keen interest in display work”: “I worked well and had some new ideas.” Brian Epstein, handwritten journal, 1957, p. 6.

The window sets he redressed: “I placed chairs in the windows with their backs to the window shoppers.” Epstein, Cellarful, p. 33.

Isaac was neither amused: Author interview with Rex Makin, 11/1/97.

“latent homosexuality”: “It is possible even then I may have been able to settle down after all that had happened, remaining, as I did, unaware of my latent homosexuality.” Brian Epstein, handwritten journal, 1957, p. 6.

“Within the first few weeks”: Ibid.

“confused”: “My mind was confused and my nervous system weakened.” Ibid., p. 7.

About the same time, he was robbed: Ibid., pp. 7–8.

In his autobiography, Brian invents: Epstein, Cellarful, p. 36.

“on medical grounds”: Ibid., p. 37.

“homosexual life and its various rendezvous”: Brian Epstein, handwritten journal, 1957, p. 8.

“My life became a succession”: Ibid.

At twenty-one, he was appointed: Ibid., p. 9.

Without any warning, he packed: Ibid., p. 8.

“I confessed everything”: Ibid., p. 9.

Incredible as it may seem, Brian impressed: Norman, Shout!, p. 131.

Peter O’Toole, Albert Finney: Brian Epstein, handwritten journal, 1957, p. 7.

His own class boasted: Epstein, Cellarful, p. 40.

“the narcissism… and the detachment”: Ibid.

“a second male lead”: Norman, Shout!, p. 131.

Loneliness was partly to blame: “Living alone in London I felt acute frustration and loneliness.” Brian Epstein, handwritten journal, 1957, p. 5.

On the evening of April 17: Ibid., p. 11.

“mind went in great fear”: Ibid.

“[And] after a few minutes”: Ibid., p. 14.

Miraculously, a family solicitor: Author interview with Rex Makin, 11/1/97.

This time, he got involved with: Ibid.

“They arranged for a drop”: Ibid.

“he was oblivious”: Author interview with Peter Brown, 12/9/97.

“My girlfriend and I”: Author interview with Mike Rice, 7/27/98.

“the most important record outlet”: Author interview with Alistair Taylor, 1/17/98.

“There was really no radio”: Author interview with Peter Brown, 12/9/97.

A grainy picture of Gene Vincent: Mersey Beat, 7/6/61.

He split the cover price: Author interview with Bill Harry, 8/4/97.

“He looked extremely smart”: Ibid., 8/2/97.

“I can’t understand it”: Ibid.

BEATLES SIGN RECORDING CONTRACT!: Mersey Beat, 7/20/61.

“This is actually in Liverpool?”: Author interview with Bill Harry, 8/2/97.

“Record Releases by Brian Epstein”: Mersey Beat, 8/3/61. “He became our record reviewer.” Author interview with Bill Harry, 8/2/97.

“What about these Beatles?”: Ibid.

Legend has it that Brian: Epstein, Cellarful, p. 43.

“The name ‘Beatle’ meant”: Ibid.

“He would have had to have been blind”: Author interview with Bill Harry, 8/2/97.

“Do you remember that record”: Author interview with Alistair Taylor, 1/17/98.

“The Beatles are at the Cavern”: Author interview with Bill Harry, 8/2/97.

A letter from Stuart had indicated: Jürgen Vollmer, 8/82, AGA.

“I showed them all the places”: Ibid.

“We both detested pop”: Author interview with Alistair Taylor, 1/17/98.

“hovering around the counter”: Author interview with Bob Wooler, 10/30/97.

“Then, I’m sorry to have to tell you”: Ibid.

They knew who he was: Davies, Beatles, p. 125.

“And what brings Mr. Epstein”: Ibid.

“We just popped in”: Author interview with Alistair Taylor, 1/17/98.

“absolutely awful”/“remarkable”: Ibid.

“Do you think I should manage them?”: Ibid.

CHAPTER 15: A GIGANTIC LEAP OF FAITH

“delicious-sounding” names: Author interview with Bill Harry, 8/2/97.

here Names of Liverpool bands: Leigh, Let’s Go Down the Cavern, dedication page; and Mersey Beat, various issues, 7/6/61–2/13/64.

Slightly over three hundred… bands: Author interview with Bob Wooler, 10/30/97.

Bands played what they wanted: Author interview with Howie Casey, 10/27/97.

Brian was “besotted”: Author interview with Alistair Taylor, 1/17/98.

“John, especially”: Author interview with Peter Brown, 12/9/97.

“with all the pride of a peacock”: Author interview with Bob Wooler, 10/30/97.

“for a chat”: Epstein, Cellarful, p. 48.

“never know what made [him] say”: Ibid.

On December 3, 1961: Lewisohn, Chronicle, p. 35; Epstein, Cellarful, p. 49.

“rattled on the glass”: Author interview with Bob Wooler, 10/30/97.

“This is me dad”: Davies, Beatles, p. 126; confirmed by Bob Wooler in author interview, 10/30/97.

“Apparently quite a number of people want it”: Davies, Beatles, p. 126.

“he was picking his words very carefully”: Best & Doncaster, Beatle!, p. 127.

“Certainly there were several things”: Ibid.

“they were delighted that a proper businessman”: Hello!, 5/14/94.

Paul… “was more ambitious”: Author interview with Dot Rhone Becker, 11/19/98.

wiles of “a Jewboy”: Author interview with Bill Harry, 8/2/97.

“The novelty” would eventually wear off: Davies, Beatles, p. 129.

“They were as unruly a bunch”: Author interview with Bob Wooler, 10/30/97.

“thieves”: Brown & Gaines, Love You Make, p. 68.

“a right load of layabouts”: Leigh, Drummed Out!, p. 28.

“I wouldn’t touch ’em”: Williams, “Liverpool Scene”; Lewisohn, Chronicle, p. 35.

“there was an immediate bond”: Author interview with Peter Brown, 12/3/97.

same compatible relationship with Andrew Lloyd Webber: Ibid.

“Presumably I looked as if I were… perfectly normal”: Ibid.

“a very unhappy man”: Ibid.

“Money was the deciding factor”: Author interview with Peter Brown, 12/9/97.

“he’d discovered a gold mine”: Author interview with Rex Makin, 11/1/97.

“Harry was indignant”: Ibid.

“the Beatles would be bigger”: “He assured my parents and me that they would be bigger than Elvis Presley.” Clive Epstein in Coleman, Lennon, p. 158; also author interview with Alistair Taylor, 1/17/98.

if Queenie wasn’t any more optimistic: Author interview with Peter Brown, 12/3/97.

Besides, she knew how stubborn Brian was: Brown & Gaines, Love You Make, p. 67.

“Okay, you’re on”: Best & Doncaster, Beatle!, p. 130.

276–77 “Right, then, Brian—manage us”: Norman, Shout!, p. 140.

Stuart wasn’t expected to return: Bill Harry interview with Pauline Sutcliffe (audio), undated.

Both Beatles had kept up a… correspondence: Author interview with Bill Harry, 8/7/97.

“a restlessness about life”: Coleman, Lennon, p. 159.

“clearly distressed—bizarre”: Bill Harry interview with Pauline Sutcliffe (audio), undated.

“Stuart looked absolutely god-awful”: Author interview with Bill Harry, 8/5/97.

“there was no supporting evidence”: Bill Harry interview with Pauline Sutcliffe (audio), undated.

“Stuart fell over”: Rod Murray, 8/82, AGA.

A grant had come through: “[He] got a tremendous grant… from the German government on Paolozzi’s recommendation.” Millie Sutcliffe in Pritchard & Lysaght, The Beatles, p. 92.

“but not both”: Ibid.

but writing stories and poems: Astrid Kirchherr in Pritchard & Lysaght, The Beatles, p. 91.

“good sense to keep away from”: Bill Harry interview with Pauline Sutcliffe (audio), undated.

“to smarten them up”: Author interview with Alistair Taylor, 1/17/98.

Leather and jeans were fine for the Cavern: “He claimed that no one in the world of entertainment outside our present environment would tolerate our slovenly look.” Best & Doncaster, Beatle!, p. 133.

Brian expected everyone to show up on time: Coleman, Lennon, p. 157.

“Brian believed that would be very good for us”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 96.

“Paul was Mr. Show Business”: Author interview with Bill Harry, 8/9/97.

“a nice old ballroom”: Author interview with Sam Leach, 10/6/97.

“Where are we going, boys?”: Anthology, vol. 1.

CHAPTER 16: THE ROAD TO LONDON

A graduate of the Merchant Taylors’ School: Leigh, Drummed Out!, p. 31.

Barrow not only spoke the language: Liverpool Echo, 1959–61.

“a schoolboy”: Author interview with Tony Barrow, 10/31/97.

Each week, before placing the NEMS record order: Author interview with Peter Brown, 12/9/97.

“I have this fabulous group”: Author interview with Tony Barrow, 10/31/97.

“instantly impressive”: Ibid.

“bright lights”: Author interview with Richard Rowe Jr., 8/19/97.

Brian was “very taken” with Smith: Author interview with Alistair Taylor, 1/17/98.

After a rousing lunchtime session: Best & Harry, Best Years, p. 137.

“Right,” Smith said without any ado: Author interview with Alistair Taylor, 1/17/98.

“ill humor”: Author interview with Dot Rhone Becker, 11/19/98.

“very late” the next morning: Pete Best in Leigh, Drummed Out!, p. 31.

“He was frothing at the mouth”: Best & Harry, Best Years, p. 137.

He’d been out late at a party: Lewisohn, Chronicle, p. 52.

studios were “freezing cold”: Author interview with Tony Barrow, 10/31/97.

“ill at ease”: Lewisohn, Chronicle, p. 52.

“[He] believed that the way to impress Mike Smith”: Norman, Shout!, p. 143.

“all these weird novelty things”: Letter, John Lennon to Tony Barrow, 12/63; also: Beatles Book Monthly, 1/83, p. 7.

“We thought hard about the material”: Pete Best in Leigh, Drummed Out!, p. 90.

“fairly silly repertoire”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 89.

their performance was flat: Decca audition tape, 1/1/62.

too many “pretty” numbers: “Decca didn’t want all that pretty-pretty kind of number.” Letter, John Lennon to Tony Barrow, 12/63; also: Beatles Book Monthly, 1/83, p. 7.

work had been “productive”: Best & Harry, Best Years, p. 139.

“Can’t see any problems”: Ibid.

Brian surprised them by ordering: Norman, Shout!, p. 144.

“What a great way to start 1962”: Best & Harry, Best Years, p. 139.

“best group in Liverpool”: Mersey Beat, 1/4/62.

“He was always on the phone to Polydor”: Author interview with Alistair Taylor, 1/17/98.

“It became hard, right off the bat”: Author interview with Peter Brown, 12/3/97.

“Whatever you do… don’t tell Daddy”: Author interview with Alistair Taylor, 1/17/98.

“Nine times out of ten”: Author interview with Colin Manley, 10/3/97.

“Shut yer fucking yap!”: Author interview with Bob Wooler, 10/30/97.

“rude photos”: Author interview with Bill Harry, 8/5/97.

“We always stayed out of their way”: Author interview with Dot Rhone Becker, 1/19/98.

Brian repeated his foremost goal: Letter from R. N. White to Brian Epstein, 12/7/61.

“Whilst we appreciate the talents”: Ibid., 12/14/61.

“amazing record collection”: “He sent to America for some of it but acquired the best stuff on the black market.” Author interview with Richard Rowe Jr., 8/19/97.

“No, Mike, it’s impossible”: Dick Rowe in Pritchard & Lysaght, The Beatles, p. 88.

“Liverpool could have been in Greenland”: Ibid.

“He had very substantial accounts”: Author interview with Peter Brown, 12/3/97.

“thought it was awful”: Author interview with Alistair Taylor, 1/17/98.

Philips also passed: Letter from E. J. Harvey to Brian Epstein, 2/11/62.

“It appears that we are cursed”: Author interview with Peter Brown, 12/8/97.

“The people at Decca didn’t like the boys’ sound”: Dick Rowe in Pritchard & Lysaght, The Beatles, p. 90.

“You couldn’t get in”: Ibid., p. 89.

“You have a good record business”: Ibid., p. 90.

“completely shattered”: Beatles Book Monthly, 11/82, p. 32.

“Now, who hasn’t [already] got a group”: Related by Kim Bennett, assistant to Sid Coleman, Beatles Book Monthly, 5/69, p. 8.

HMV and Columbia got the heavy hitters: Martin, All You Need, p. 83.

“It was the bastard child”: Author interview with Colin Manley, 10/2/97.

“a lot of traditional Scottish bands”: Author interview with Ron Richards, 12/29/97.

Martin would have “to do something” bold: Martin, All You Need, p. 84.

“between the cracks”: Ibid.

“We had gone from being known as a sad little company”: Author interview with Ron Richards, 12/29/97.

297–98 “so soft the engineers had… difficulty”: Ibid.

“not to be so clever”: Letter, John Lennon to Tony Barrow, Beatles Book Monthly, 1/83, p. 7.

“Right. Try Embassy”: Epstein, Cellarful, p. 58.

“Brian Epstein decided that everyone”: Leigh, Let’s Go Down the Cavern, p. 59.

He was “embarrassed”: Pete Best in Leigh, Drummed Out!, p. 26.

“Almost since he joined”: Author interview with Bill Harry, 8/1/97.

“If one of the others got more applause”: Author interview with Bob Wooler, 10/30/97.

A poster for The Outlaw: Leigh, Drummed Out!, p. 26.

“He was the only Beatle I mentioned”: Author interview with Bob Wooler, 10/30/97.

“That had always been Paul’s role”: Author interview with Bill Harry, 8/2/97.

“brilliant”/“they were going to conquer the world”: George Martin, Arena archives.

“had seen it all before”: Ibid.

“He… expressed surprise”: Martin, All You Need, p. 122.

“unswerving devotion”: George Martin, Arena archives.

“a big hype”: Martin, All You Need, p. 122.

“very mediocre”: Ibid.

“You know, I really can’t judge”: George Martin, Arena archives.

“Brian’s investment in the band”: Author interview with Alistair Taylor, 1/17/98.

“Brian was too captivated”: Author interview with Peter Brown, 12/3/97.

By February, he was taking amphetamines: Author interview with Alistair Taylor, 1/17/98.

“Brian didn’t want to go to gigs”: Author interview with Peter Brown, 12/3/97.

“with his hair combed forward”: Author interview with Bill Harry, 8/2/97.

“We’d heard Brian was queer”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 88.

“They always knew he was a queen”: Author interview with Peter Brown, 12/3/97.

“I see that new Dirk Bogarde film”: Author interview with Bob Wooler, 10/30/97.

“Within forty-eight hours”: Ian Sharp, 8/84, AGA.

CHAPTER 17: DO THE RIGHT THING

“The Beatles were home in Hamburg”: Author interview with Adrian Barber, 10/4/97.

An omen presented itself: “I had German measles so I went a day later than the other guys…. ” George Harrison in Anthology, p. 69.

“Where’s Stu?”: Best & Doncaster, Beatle!, p. 150.

“Oh, what’s the matter?”: Coleman, Lennon, p. 162.

“a bomb going off in his head”: “Millie told me it was like a bomb…. ” Author interview with Bill Harry, 8/7/97.

“he was going blind”: “Millie told me that she’d got a letter from Stuart, who said he was afraid he was going blind.” Author interview with Bill Harry, 8/2/97.

Other times, she struggled to hold him down: Norman, Shout!, p. 149.

According to one account, he’d blacked out: Ibid.

On April 10: Lewisohn, Chronicle, p. 56.

“He has to go to the hospital”: Coleman, Lennon, p. 162.

No one that close in age had died: “Not many of our contemporaries had died.” Paul McCartney in Anthology, p. 69.

“a real shock”: Ibid.

“looked up to Stu”: “I depended on him to tell me the truth.” John Lennon, 1967 interview, in Anthology, p. 69.

Even Astrid insisted that they go on: “[S]he did, indeed, go to the Star Club when the Beatles opened there on 13 April.” Coleman, Lennon, p. 163.

The rest of the bill featured: Beatles Book Monthly, 1/83, p. 19.

“without [his] approval you did not work”: Author interview with Adrian Barber, 10/4/97.

“spoke English with a typical German… accent”: Ted “Kingsize” Taylor, 9/2/85, AGA.

“ruthless” pit bull: Ibid.

“an immense, cavernous rock ’n roll cathedral”: Author interview with Adrian Barber, 10/4/97.

“twistin’ base”: “News from Germany,” Mersey Beat, 5/3/62.

The Beatles took one look: “The Star-Club was great.” Paul McCartney in Anthology, p. 69; “a big place and fantastic.” George Harrison in ibid.

“the first real theatrical setting”: Author interview with Adrian Barber, 10/4/97.

“There was a fucking curtain”: Ibid.

“The beatings he gave to people”: Author interview with Ray Ennis, 10/1/97.

the missing three fingers: “When you shook hands with him, he only had a finger and thumb on his right hand. The rest had been cut off.” Author interview with Bill Harry, 8/5/97.

He doted on them: “He always spoke English very grammatically.” Ibid.

“Horst made sure we were protected”: Author interview with Tony Crane, 10/7/97.

“gave [them] immunity”: Author interview with Ray Ennis, 10/1/97.

“Manfred’s Home for Itinerant Scousers”: Author interview with Bill Harry, 8/5/97.

“roughly 850 to 1,000 people”: Don Arden in Pritchard & Lysaght, The Beatles, p. 93.

“a step up”: Coleman, Lennon, p. 163.

Only one of his songs, “You Better Move On”: Whitburn, Billboard Book of Top 40 Hits.

“We wanted to [sound] like Arthur Alexander”: Liner notes, The Ultimate Arthur Alexander, Razor & Tie RE 2014.

“He opened the barn door”: Author interview with Adrian Barber, 2/29/00.

John Lennon managed to fuel his rage: “During that trip in Hamburg, John was certainly often wild.” Gerry Marsden in Coleman, Lennon, p. 164.

He’d begun blowing off steam: Horst Fascher in Coleman, Lennon, p. 163.

“foamed at the mouth”: Author interview with Ray Ennis, 10/1/97.

“all people [were] basically shit”: Author interview with Adrian Barber, 10/4/97.

“And all of us just stood there”: Gerry Marsden in Coleman, Lennon, p. 169.

“a trend [for musicians] to bounce around”: Ibid.

“Hey, remember the war?”: Ibid.

“a little bit mad”: Ibid., p. 164.

“out of my fucking mind”: John Lennon, 1972 interview, in Anthology, p. 78.

“let loose like maniacs”: Author interview with Colin Manley, 10/2/97.

a “shabby little… bedsit”: Hello!, 5/7/94.

“Imagine having her there all the time”: Letter to Cynthia Lennon, 4/62.

“The pressure was really getting to him”: Author interview with Alistair Taylor, 1/17/98.

CONGRATULATIONS BOYS: Lewisohn, Chronicle, p. 56.

HAVE SECURED CONTRACT: Ibid., p. 55 (picture).

None of the Beatles had been forewarned: “It was only Brian telling us we were going to make it and George.” John Lennon, 1972 interview, in Anthology, p. 68.

By way of celebration: Best & Doncaster, Beatle!, p. 159.

Unable to make ends meet: C. Lennon, A Twist, p. 61.

“they played tick with hatchets”: Author interview with Dave Foreshaw, 10/3/97.

“money had run out”: C. Lennon, A Twist, p. 70.

“period got later and later”: “Cynthia Lennon: In Her Own Words,” Hello!, 5/21/94.

“The horror of it”: “Cynthia Lennon: In Her Own Words,” Hello!, 5/14/94.

Bursting with shame: “For awhile I tried to ignore the problem. The difficulties were almost too great to contemplate.” Ibid.

“crummy” meals: Author interview with Dot Rhone Becker, 11/19/98.

took the stairs “two at a time”: Hello!, 5/14/94.

“As the words sunk in”: Ibid.

“I thought it would be goodbye”: Davies, Beatles, p. 153.

Resignedly, he proposed: “There’s only one thing for it, Cyn, we’ll have to get married.” C. Lennon, A Twist, p. 73; “I was a bit shocked when Cynthia told me, but I said, ‘Yes, we’ll have to get married.’ ” John Lennon in Davies, Beatles, p. 153.

“John didn’t share much”: Author interview with Bill Harry, 8/5/97.

“was [their] last chance”: “According to Brian, it was very much a case of like—‘okay, this is your last chance.’ ” Pete Best, Abbey Road transcripts, 2/19/97.

“Where’s the recording studio?”: Ibid.

“It’s a house!”: Ibid.

It had originated in 1831: Southall, Abbey Road, p. 14.

the world’s first “purpose- (or custom-) built” studio: Spitz, “The Long and Winding Abbey Road,” Sky, 9/97, p. 53.

The fundamentals of stereo: Author interview with Alan Brown, 6/23/97.

“stepping into… another world”: Pete Best, Abbey Road transcripts, 2/19/97.

“Coming into Abbey Road”: Paul McCartney in Southall, Abbey Road, p. 130.

“corner suite”: Sky, 9/97, p. 56.

“We were nervous”: Pete Best, Abbey Road transcripts, 2/19/97.

“Look at the size of this place!”: Ibid.

“it was love at first sight”: Martin, All You Need, p. 122.

“wasn’t terribly impressed”: Author interview with Ron Richards, 12/27/97.

John had patterned it after: “It was my attempt at writing a Roy Orbison song.… I heard Roy Orbison sing ‘Only the Lonely’ or something. That’s where the song came from.” Sheff, Playboy Interviews, pp. 142–43.

“They didn’t impress me at all”: Southall, Abbey Road, p. 81.

George Martin shared their reservations: “Frankly, they didn’t impress me, least of all their own songs.” Martin, All You Need, p. 123.

“They were rotten composers”: Ibid.

“Their own stuff wasn’t any good”: George Martin, Arena archives.

“suitable material”: Martin, All You Need, p. 123.

“embellish[ing] the sound”: Norman Smith in Southall, Abbey Road, p. 81.

“the drummer was no good”: Author interview with Ron Richards, 12/27/97.

“During that one conversation”: Dowlding, Beatlesongs, p. 35.

refer the band to a venereologist: Author interview with Rex Makin, 11/1/97.

“[Paul] was trying to be good about it”: Author interview with Dot Rhone Becker, 11/19/98.

Jim McCartney… “was delighted”: Ibid.

Between the Parlophone audition: Lewisohn, Chronicle, pp. 70–71.

“the Eppy-center”: Author interview with Tony Barrow, 10/31/97.

Everyone was crammed: Author interview with Beryl Williams, 10/7/97.

“He was very meticulous”: Author interview with Frieda Kelly Norris, 10/5/97.

“We’d talk in his office”: Author interview with Bob Wooler, 10/30/97.

“Sometimes he’d rub his hands”: Ibid.

“It was an amazing scene”: Author interview with Bill Harry, 8/1/97.

CHAPTER 18: STARR TIME

“reminded him of a German concentration camp”: Author interview with Johnny Byrne, 10/8/97.

“boring” image: “We had our original names at Butlins. Rory said, ‘It doesn’t sound good, it sounds boring.’ ” Ibid.

The only group member who balked: “Ringo was a bit reluctant to do that.” Ibid.

one of the city’s fleetest dancers: “His dancing used to amaze us.” Ibid.

“Rings”: “In Liverpool, I was still wearing a lot of rings, and people were starting to say, “Hey, Rings!’ ” Ringo Starr in Anthology, p. 39.

an effort to amend it to Johnny Ringo: Clayson, Ringo Starr: Straight Man or Joker (hereinafter, Straight Man), p. 34.

“Ritch wasn’t that interested”: Author interview with J. Byrne, 10/8/97.

“Starr was a natural”: Melody Maker, 11/14/64.

“He was an excellent drummer”: Author interview with Adrian Barber, 10/4/97.

“There was a feeling we all had”: G. Harrison & D. Taylor, I, Me, Mine, p. 33.

“always made for the drums”: Richie Galvin in Leigh, Drummed Out!, p. 56.

“Paul was showing Pete”: Ibid.

it was no secret that the other Beatles resented Mona: Clayson, Straight Man, p. 56.

“Mona was an attractive, strong… woman”: Author interview with Bill Harry, 8/4/97.

“she could also be a harridan”: Leigh, Drummed Out!, p. 67.

“If she said it was Sunday”: Richie Galvin in ibid.

“didn’t want her interference”: Bill Harry in Clayson, Straight Man, p. 56.

Kingsize Taylor’s band, on tour: Clayson, Straight Man, p. 54.

“Teddy wrote to Ringo”: Leigh, Drummed Out!, p. 44.

“the lifestyle… was ideal”: Author interview with Johnny Byrne, 10/8/97.

“fabulous… the best place”: Ringo Starr in Anthology, p. 39.

“But Ringo was… ruthless”: Author interview with Johnny Byrne, 10/8/97.

“Is it possible for us to talk later?”: Author interview with Bob Wooler, 10/31/97.

“his face looked scared”: Davies, Beatles, p. 137.

“found Brian in a very uneasy mood”: Best & Doncaster, Beatle!, p. 166.

“hedged a little”: Epstein, Cellarful, p. 69.

“Pete, I have some bad news”: Best & Harry, Best Years, p. 157.

“in a state of shock”: Ibid., p. 159.

“Why?”: Best & Doncaster, Beatle!, p. 166.

And neither did George Martin: “George Martin had not been too happy about Pete Best’s drumming.” Epstein, Cellarful, p. 68.

“The lads don’t want you”: Pete Best in Leigh, Drummed Out!, p. 41.

“my mind was in a turmoil”: Best & Doncaster, Beatle!, p. 166.

“stab in the back”: Ibid.

Brian offered to form another group: “I suggested many alternatives. That he could be the nucleus of a group that I would form, that he could be fitted into one of my existing groups…. ” Epstein, Cellarful, p. 69.

“What’s happened?”: Best & Doncaster, Beatle!, p. 166.

Pete was stunned: “The fact that they weren’t at my dismissal hurt me a lot more than the fact that Brian told me that I wasn’t a Beatle any longer.” Leigh, Drummed Out!, p. 49.

Where were the Beatles?: John said, “We were cowards when we sacked him.” Davies, Beatles, p. 140.

“disgusted”: Best & Doncaster, Beatle!, p. 167.

Throughout his residency there: Author interview with Bill and Virginia Harry, Johnny Byrne; also Leigh, Drummed Out!, pp. 36–37.

The birth certificate: City of Liverpool, Legal Services, Registrar of Births.

It was all Pete could do: Best & Doncaster, Beatle!, p. 167.

“I’m not going to the gig”: Best & Harry, Best Years, p. 159.

“Once I was home”: Best & Doncaster, Beatle!, p. 167.

“I never felt sorry”: Ringo Starr in Anthology, p. 72.

“ordinary, poor”: Ringo Starr in Anthology, p. 33.

“He was not a barefoot, ragged child”: Author interview with Marie Crawford, 11/1/97.

“really rough”: Ringo Starr in Anthology, p. 34.

“artisan working class”: Author interview with Quentin Hughes, 10/3/97.

“Most of us were brought up there”: Author interview with Marie Crawford, 11/1/97.

“palatial”: Ringo Starr in Anthology, p. 33.

“the cherry on top”: Author interview with Marie Crawford, 11/1/97.

Big Ritchie: Clayson, Straight Man, p. 1.

“no real memories of dad”: Ringo Starr in Anthology, p. 33.

“filled me up with all the things”: Beatles Book Monthly, 12/86.

Richard provided support: Norman, Shout!, p. 160.

“You kept your head down”: Author interview with Adrian Barber, 10/4/97.

told by his doctors to prepare for the worst: “They told my mother three times that I’d be dead in the morning.” Ringo Starr in Anthology, p. 34.

“was very lucky to survive”: Ibid.

“doted on him”: Author interview with Marie Crawford, 11/1/97.

“cotton bobbins to hit”: Ringo Starr in Anthology, p. 36.

“Someday, I’m going to play”: Author interview with Marie Crawford, 11/1/97.

never went back to school: “I never went back to school after 13.” Ringo Starr in Anthology, p. 36.

“biscuit tins”: Ibid.

“He was a really sweet guy”: Ibid., p. 35.

339–40 Harry had access to all the luxuries: Author interview with Marie Crawford, 11/1/97.

“great gentleness”: Ringo Starr in Anthology, p. 37.

“because they give you suits”: Ibid., p. 36.

“But it was a great gang”: Author interview with Roy Trafford, 11/3/97.

“We knew him pretty well”: Author interview with Johnny Byrne, 10/8/97.

Ritchie borrowed £46: Ringo Starr in Anthology, p. 36.

“lapped” pigskin: Clayson, Straight Man, p. 23.

“had about three lessons”: Ringo Starr in Anthology, p. 37.

Ritchie was influenced: “I went through modern jazz—Chico Hamilton, Yusef Lateef, people like that.” Melody Maker, 8/7/71.

“a bubble of personality”: Author interview with Iris Caldwell Fenton, 9/10/97.

“who liked to take care of the other guys”: Ibid.

“He always loved his rings”: Author interview with Marie Crawford, 11/1/97.

“was nominally of the Orange lodge”: Ibid.

“to say [he] was actually something”: Ringo Starr in Anthology, p. 38.

“It was a difficult decision”: Author interview with Johnny Byrne, 10/8/97.

“Why not?”: Author interview with Roy Trafford, 11/3/97.

CHAPTER 19: A TOUCH OF THE BARNUM & BAILEY

“We felt sorry for him”: Author interview with Ray Ennis, 10/1/97.

“I felt sorry for the lads”: Author interview with Colin Manley, 10/2/97.

“From the time the doors opened”: Author interview with Bob Wooler, 10/30/97.

“very solid beat”: Paul McCartney in Anthology, p. 72.

“Ringo didn’t try and direct the beat”: Author interview with Adrian Barber, 10/4/97.

“it had all been settled”: Author interview with Dot Rhone Becker, 11/19/98.

“a bizarre affair”: Hello!, 5/14/94.

Fortunately, Brian sent a car: Ibid.

“was never even told”: Ringo Starr in Anthology, p. 73.

John waited until the last minute: “I went the day before to tell Mimi.” John Lennon, 1965 interview, in Anthology, p. 73.

“a fucking pad”: Author interview with Peter Brown, 12/3/97.

“We actually did a gig that night”: George Harrison in Anthology, p. 73.

“the only one thinking about the future”: Cynthia Lennon in Coleman, Lennon, p. 176.

Bruce Welch of the Shadows: Abbey Road archives.

“intimidating”: Author interview with Ray Ennis, 10/1/97.

“a very strong engineering discipline”: Author interview with Alan Brown, 6/23/97.

“You had to polish your shoes”: Geoff Emerick, Abbey Road archives.

“a right time to speak to artists”: Martin Benge, Abbey Road archives.

“had to know your place”: Ibid.

“blissfully unaware”: Southall, Abbey Road, p. 78.

the Beatles rehearsed six songs: Norman Smith in Pritchard & Lysaght, The Beatles, p. 105.

“any evidence of what was to come”: George Martin in Southall, Abbey Road, p. 81.

“it might have made a good ‘B’ side”: George Martin in Pritchard & Lysaght, The Beatles, p. 104.

“Do it!”: Paul McCartney in ibid., p. 104.

“We just don’t want this kind of song”: Paul McCartney in Lewisohn, Sessions, p. 7.

“Ringo at that point”: Paul McCartney in Anthology, p. 76.

“he didn’t have quite enough push”: Norman Smith in Pritchard & Lysaght, The Beatles, p. 106.

“Ringo had a lot more zest”: Author interview with Ron Richards, 12/27/97.

“probably the top session drummer”: Author interview with Ron Richards, 1/8/98.

Ringo was stunned: “I was devastated that George Martin had his doubts about me.” Ringo Starr in Anthology, p. 76.

“I knew he could play the beat”: Author interview with Ron Richards, 12/27/97.

“but he was not pleased”: Ibid.

“It didn’t call for any drumnastics”: Goldmine, no. 425, p. 40.

Martin called it “much too dreary”: George Martin in Arena archives and in Lewisohn, Sessions, p. 20.

“work out some tight harmonies”: George Martin in Lewisohn, Sessions.

“undesirable” image: George Harrison in Anthology, p. 73.

“open doors”: “It did open doors for us.” Paul McCartney, Arena archives.

He’d blame the outfits on Paul: “So Brian put us in neat suits and shirts and Paul was right behind him.” Wenner, Lennon Remembers.

quite “gladly”: George Harrison in Anthology, p. 73.

“Hey, listen, Cavernites”: Author interview with Bob Wooler, 10/30/97.

“an extra two hundred kids”: Ibid.

It was Brian, not the Beatles: “Brian was furious—he was livid. He complained to Ray, and Ray must have been very contrite.” Ibid.

“He’d been picking my brains”: Author interview with Tony Barrow, 10/31/97.

“John… likes the colour black”: EMI press release accompanying demo disc of “Love Me Do,” 10/62.

“It was a hell of a job”: Author interview with Ron Richards, 12/27/97.

Even Parlophone was chagrined: Ibid.

EMI did buy time: Lewisohn, Chronicle, p. 80.

Jimmy Saville… was “unimpressed”: Author interview with Tony Barrow, 10/31/97.

“wasn’t at all that thrilled”: Author interview with Dot Rhone Becker, 12/19/98.

“Brian bought boxes”: Author interview with Alistair Taylor, 1/17/98. “They bought many boxes of records. That’s how they got it into the charts.” Author interview with Ron Richards, 12/27/97.

“EMI never gave us any budget”: Author interview with Ron Richards, 12/27/97.

“When you can write material”: Martin, All You Need, p. 129.

“We’ve revamped it”: Ibid., p. 130.

“He spent all day”: Author interview with Frieda Kelly Norris, 10/5/97.

he met promoter Sam Leach: Author interview with Sam Leach, 10/6/97.

“Sam had a habit of not paying groups”: Author interview with Bob Wooler, 10/30/97.

“Even before the Beatles exploded”: Author interview with Peter Brown, 12/3/98.

“the Beatles had really hit the big time”: Lewisohn, Chronicle, p. 82.

“When I saw them on the stage”: Author interview with Frieda Kelly Norris, 10/5/97.

“Immediately… the kids started screaming”: Author interview with Tony Barrow, 10/31/97.

“Everyone had said, ‘You’ll never make [it]’ ”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 97.

“take a look up North”: Author interview with Bill Harry, 8/9/97.

Alistair Taylor, who left NEMS that November: Author interview with Alistair Taylor, 1/17/98.

“No one ever mentioned London”: Author interview with Tony Bramwell, 8/6/97.

“His own press officer”: Author interview with Tony Barrow, 10/31/97.

“did virtually nothing”: Martin, All You Need, p. 127.

Though it placed at forty-nine: Record Mirror, 11/22/62.

“a riff”: Norman, Shout!, p. 171.

“Dick said, ‘Why don’t we sign… ’ ”: George Martin, Arena archives.

“a slave deal”: Paul McCartney, ibid.

“Dick James’s entire empire”: Author interview with Paul McCartney, 3/21/97.

Northern Songs to acquire Lenmac Enterprises: Harry, Ultimate Beatles Encyclopedia, p. 339.

CHAPTER 20: DEAD CHUFFED

Thank Your Lucky Stars: Taped 1/13/63 at ATV’s Birmingham Studios for ABC, ATV archives.

the spots were all “mimed”: Author interview with Kenny Lynch, 1/16/98.

“To those of us in England”: Author interview with Ray Connolly, 8/7/97.

Radio Luxembourg had added it: “You’ve Please—Pleased Us,” NME, 1/2/63.

And sensing some ground gained: Author interview with Frieda Kelly Norris, 10/5/97.

“Things were going so well”: Author interview with Tony Bramwell, 8/8/97.

“probably fancied the lad”: Author interview with Alistair Taylor, 1/17/98.

“I was just a wild card”: Author interview with Billy J. Kramer, 12/16/97.

“Whenever word spread”: Author interview with Frieda Kelly Norris, 10/5/97.

Harry Epstein wasn’t pleased: “Mr. Epstein was very upset about it. He made Brian make other plans.” Ibid.

“I’ll ask Bob Wooler”: Author interview with Bob Wooler, 10/30/97.

“The Beatles made little or no impression”: Author interview with Kenny Lynch, 1/16/98.

happy “just to get out of Liverpool”: Davies, Beatles, p. 171.

“the audience repeatedly called for them”: “An Improved Helen!” NME, 2/8/63.

the cast album for Beyond the Fringe: “George and I went up to Edinburgh and sat under the stage for three nights recording Beyond the Fringe.” Author interview with Ron Richards, 12/29/97.

Instead, Martin prepared a list: “I knew their repertoire from the Cavern… and said, ‘Right, what you’re going to do now… is play me this selection of things I’ve chosen.’ ” Martin, All You Need, p. 130.

sessions ran “strictly to time”: Author interview with Martin Benge, 3/98.

“[His] voice was pretty shot”: Norman Smith in Pritchard & Lysaght, The Beatles, p. 119.

“the sound of the Beatles singing”: “What I tried to do was to create the live pop group on tape.” Ibid., p. 118.

They cut “There’s a Place”: “[Paul] was the owner of the soundtrack album of Leonard Bernstein’s West Side Story, which is where the title phrase came from.” Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 95.

Paul had written down in the van: “I did this song going home in a car one night.” Beatles Book Monthly, 8/83, p. 6.

the second line was “useless”: Ibid.

Sitting on the living-room floor: M. McCartney, Thank U Very Much (picture), pages unnumbered.

they ran through the alphabet: “We went through the alphabet: between clean, lean, mean.” Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 93.

a galloping bass line: “I played exactly the same notes as he did and it fitted our number perfectly.” Paul McCartney in Beat Instrumental.

“for a pie and a pint”: Richard Langham in Lewisohn, Sessions, p. 24.

“We couldn’t believe it”: Ibid.

a “hack song”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 95.

“They just put their heads down”: “Brian was so proud of them. He told me they worked their asses off.” Author interview with Peter Brown, 12/9/97.

“someone suggested they do ‘Twist and Shout’ ”: Lewisohn, Sessions, p. 26.

“A real larynx-tearer”: George Martin in Anthology, p. 93.

Everyone knew they’d have to get it: “It’s not an easy number for any vocalist to sing, but we had to get it in one take.” Norman Smith in Pritchard & Lysaght, The Beatles, p. 119.

“got it in one”: “I was ready to jump up and down when I heard them singing that.” Richard Langham in Lewisohn, Sessions, p. 26.

“dead chuffed”: “As it happens, we were very happy with the result—or to put it more eloquently, dead chuffed!” NME, 4/19/63.

“to give the boys some air”: Author interview with Bob Wooler, 10/30/97.

This was a trick they had practiced: “I used to see them backstage, practicing shaking their heads—on a count.” Author interview with Kenny Lynch, 1/16/98.

“Just a few weeks before”: Author interview with Colin Manley, 10/2/97.

drawing the biggest queue: “The queue outside on Mathew Street was amazing, larger than any I’d ever seen. The kids had been there all day, maybe all night.” Author interview with Bob Wooler, 10/30/97.

“a small piece of motorway”: Ringo Starr in Anthology, p. 83.

The NME Top Thirty: NME, 2/20/63.

Since breaking up with Dot Rhone: “I’d go out with Frank, who would give me a pound for the taxi home. But Paul would meet me, and we’d have the pound to spend.” Author interview with Iris Caldwell Fenton, 9/30/97.

“was berserk over [Iris]”: Author interview with Bill Harry, 8/4/97.

Disc, on the other hand: Disc, 2/23/63.

The bus was “a drag”: “No one liked it.” Author interview with Kenny Lynch, 1/16/98.

Before the opening bars: “We all got loud. Everyone was cheering.” Ibid.

CHAPTER 21: THE JUNGLE DRUMS

“Britain’s top vocal-instrumental group”: Melody Maker, 4/13/63.

“We want the Beatles!”: “All one of us had to do was go out there and they’d be screaming, ‘We want the Beatles!’ ” Author interview with Kenny Lynch, 1/16/98.

“all the people coming to the show”: George Harrison in Anthology, p. 90.

“have a walk through the streets”: Author interview with Kenny Lynch, 1/16/98.

“in the dressing-rooms”: Coleman, Lennon, p. 195.

the guesthouses: “The night staff were terrible—poor people.” Ringo Starr in Anthology, p. 86.

“It was always a bore”: Ibid., p. 90.

To fulfill an urgent request: “I asked them for another song as good as ‘Please, Please Me,’ and they brought me one.” Martin, All You Need, p. 131.

“Thank You Little Girl”: “We’d already written ‘Thank You Girl.’ ” John Lennon in Melody Maker, 4/19/63.

just “fooling around” on the guitar: Ibid.

The new tune came quickly: Talking about “From Me to You,” Paul said: “We have such a fairly easy job thinking up tunes.” NME, 5/10/63.

“It went to a surprising place”: Paul McCartney in Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 149.

“Paul and I had been talking”: John Lennon in NME, 5/10/63.

“very direct and personal”: “There was a little trick we developed early on… which was to put I, Me, or You in it, so it was very direct and personal.” Paul McCartney in Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 148.

“people can identify… with it”: Paul McCartney in NME, 5/10/63.

“From Me to You” was finished: “Before that journey was over, we’d completed the lyric, everything.” John Lennon in NME, 4/19/63.

Why not sing the intro?: Author interview with Ron Richards, 12/29/97.

Brian shared their dream: “Brian Epstein was putting pressure on George [Martin], who, in turn, was giving me a hard time.” Author interview with Roland Rennie, 8/7/97.

The stumbling block… Capitol: “When EMI bought Capitol, or bought the major position in Capitol, we had an agreement between us—that [with] any of EMI’s English artists… we had the right of first refusal, and the same in reverse.” Alan Livingston, Arena archives.

“The idea was that [Capitol]”: Author interview with Roland Rennie, 8/7/97.

“didn’t even hear the first Beatles record”: Alan Livingston, Arena archives.

the Beatles were “nothing”: “He said, ‘Alan, they’re a bunch of long-haired kids, they’re nothing, forget it.’ ” Ibid.

“a jazz man”: “Of course, the A&R guy… was a jazz man… who couldn’t see pop records anyway.” Paul White in ibid., p. 141.

“I wasn’t going to call [Dave] Dexter”: Author interview with Paul Marshall, 8/28/97.

“fell right to the bottom”: “I released the record about a month and a half after the English did and it fell right to the bottom.” Paul White in Pritchard & Lysaght, The Beatles, p. 137.

NME broke the story: “The Beatles, yet to have a major British hit… have been snapped up for America by Vee Jay.” NME, 1/25/63.

Then, in the February 8 issue: NME, 2/8/63.

a small follow-up in Melody: “American star Roy Orbison is set for a three-week British tour.” Melody Maker, 3/23/63.

clocked somewhere around E: “He had refined his voice into a crystal instrument with which he can hit his E above high C.” Dalton & Kaye, Rock 100, p. 30.

always speed to fall back on: “Roy, who toured with Johnny Cash… was also devoted to speed and sleeping pills.” Amburn, Dark Star, p. 67.

A stone staircase swept up: Description of building—author interview with Shelagh Johnson, 10/29/97.

“Eppy’s Epitorium”: Author interview with Frieda Kelly Norris, 10/5/97.

“there are three groups in Liverpool”: John Lennon in Hit Parade, 4/63.

music “scene that could only find its counterpart”: “The Beat Boys!” Melody Maker, 3/23/63.

“idolized him”: “She only had the one son, and she idolized him.” Author interview with Frieda Kelly Norris, 10/5/97.

“Elsie felt they were taking him”: Author interview with Marie Crawford, 11/1/97.

the Harrisons and Jim McCartney “were thrilled”: Author interview with Bill Harry, 8/5/97.

Friends close to Louise Harrison: “Mrs. Harrison enjoyed it all.” Author interview with Frieda Kelly Norris, 10/5/97.

“She followed the Beatles as avidly”: Author interview with Arthur Kelly, 1/10/98.

“Jim was probably the Beatles’ biggest fan”: Author interview with Bill Harry, 8/5/97.

“showing blood”: “She was showing blood, and the doctor told her she had to go to bed.” Author interview with Dot Rhone Becker, 11/19/98.

“drank whiskey after whiskey”: “He insisted we drink whiskey after…” Paddy Delaney in Badman, Off the Record, p. 54.

a tall, “spunky” seventeen-year-old: Author interview with Virginia Harry, 8/10/97.

they’d been hanging out together: “We didn’t know that Cyn was pregnant at the time.” Author interview with Bill Harry, 8/10/97.

Even with the Beatles: Goldman, Lives of John Lennon, p. 135.

“He had no shame”: Author interview with Bill Harry, 8/10/97.

Had it been a girl: “We’d already decided that if the baby was a girl she would be called Julia.” Hello!, 5/14/94.

“triumphant at the news”: Coleman, Lennon, p. 171.

“over-sensitive”/“moody”: Hello!, 5/14/94.

carping about Cynthia’s “willfulness”: Author interview with Dot Rhone Becker, 11/19/98.

“a perverse pleasure”: Author interview with Bill Harry, 8/7/97.

“didn’t even emerge from upstairs”: Coleman, Lennon, p. 180.

John turned up two days: Lewisohn, Chronicle, pp. 106–7.

Julian and Cynthia were still in the hospital: Coleman, Lennon, p. 171.

“Who’s going to be a famous little rocker”: C. Lennon, A Twist, p. 87.

“bloody marvelous”: Ibid.

“a miracle”: Hello!, 5/14/94.

Brian had insisted that John keep the marriage a secret: “It was wholly down to paranoia on Brian’s part about the private lives of his artists.” Author interview with Tony Barrow, 10/31/97.

Cynthia may have suppressed: “I saw the whole thing in a flash and I realized there and then that I’d have to close my mind to the situation or my relationship with John would be impossible.” Hello!, 5/21/94.

John “was beginning to feel trapped”: C. Lennon, A Twist, p. 87.

“But he never talked about Julian”: Author interview with Bill Harry, 8/10/97.

“Once the Beatles hit the pop charts”: Author interview with Johnny Byrne, 11/3/97.

“plenty of sparkle”: “Beatles Sparkle Again,” NME, 4/12/63.

“so-so melody”: Melody Maker, 4/13/63.

“came crashing”: NME, 4/19/63.

sales hit 200,000 copies: “Beatles Back with a Bang!”Melody Maker, 4/20/63.

“By now, the Beatle legend”: Melly, Revolt Into Style, p. 63.

“The Beatles could take it to the Americans”: “Beatles—One Out for Week,” Melody Maker, 3/16/63.

“Latest visitors from America”: “Screams Acclaim Beatles, Montez, Roe,” NME, 3/15/63.

“A couple of records in the charts”: Melly, Revolt Into Style, p. 68.

“They acted that way”: Author interview with Tony Barrow, 10/31/97.

“It was my chore”: Melly, Revolt Into Style, p. 69.

evicted Gerry Marsden from his perch: “Top Thirty,” NME, 4/24/63.

“highlight of the pop music year”: “Now 4 Extra Acts at NME Poll Concert,” NME, 4/19/63.

“more like that of a father”: Author interview with Tony Bramwell, 8/8/97.

“Clive took one look”: “George once told me a very revealing story.” Author interview with Bob Wooler, 10/30/97.

“He was in love with me”: Sheff, Playboy Interviews, p. 76.

“wanted to know if [she] objected”: C. Lennon, A Twist, pp. 87–88.

She was “hurt”: “I concealed my hurt and envy and gave him my blessing.” Ibid., p. 88.

“what a bastard”: John Lennon, 1970 interview, in Anthology, p. 98.

“stayed in the sun too long”: George Harrison in Anthology, p. 98.

“nothing would stand in his way”: Author interview with Bob Wooler, 10/30/97.

“a smart cookie”: Paul McCartney in Anthology, p. 98.

“Paris of Spain”: Hans Christian Andersen, 1862.

“Where else may I have a gin”: Brian Epstein, private journal, 10/5/60.

“My God, how he ranted”: Author interview with Bob Wooler, 10/30/97.

“I watched Brian picking up boys”: John Lennon, 1970 interview, in Anthology, p. 98.

“It was almost a love affair”: Ibid.

“[John] and Brian had sex”: Goldman, Lives of John Lennon, p. 140.

“I let [Brian] toss me off”: Shotton, John Lennon in My Life, p. 73.

“John lay there, tentative”: “Brian and John undressed in silence.” Brown & Gaines, Love You Make, p. 94.

“something to build on”: Author interview with Peter Brown, 12/8/97.

“the homosexual thing”: Paul McCartney in Anthology, p. 98.

CHAPTER 22: KINGS OF THE JUNGLE

“really had my backside kicked”: Dick Rowe in Pritchard & Lysaght, The Beatles, p. 122.

“almost as good as our Roadrunners”: Author interview with Bill Harry, 8/8/97.

He took the next train back: “Well, I left him right on the spot, went down to London… and drove to Richmond”: Dick Rowe in Pritchard & Lysaght, The Beatles, pp. 122–23.

Gomelsky invited the boys: Wyman, Stone Alone, p. 127.

“full-bodied R&B” band: Hotchner, Blown Away, p. 91.

“Keith and Brian—wow!”: “I knew then that the Stones were great.” Ringo Starr in Anthology, p. 101.

both boys did nothing all day: Ian Stewart in Hotchner, Blown Away, p. 78.

“a little bit more radical”: John Lennon, 1974 interview in Anthology, p. 101.

“a cozy little setup”: Author interview with Tony Barrow, 10/31/97.

“the ins and outs of a dog’s dinner”: Author interview with Frieda Kelly Norris, 10/5/97.

“utter nonsense”: Mimi Smith, AGA (undated).

“Ritchie came in [the office]”: Author interview with Frieda Kelly Norris, 10/5/97.

Barrow also invented a national secretary: Norman, Shout!, p. 182.

“the world’s worst chain-smoker”: Tony Barrow, “The Girls They Like,” Beatles Book Monthly, 6/83, p. 8.

“undercover existence”: C. Lennon, A Twist, p. 94.

“For up to eighteen months”: Author interview with Tony Barrow, 10/31/97.

“We still can’t mention your marriage”: Ibid.

One journalist… “browsed through the pile”: Beatles Book Monthly, 6/83, pp. 8–9.

“a flop”: Paul McCartney in Anthology, p. 115.

Cash Box pounced on it: Cash Box, 6/28/63.

“it was patently unfair”: George Martin, Arena archives.

“I was considered a traitor”: Ibid.

Parlophone exercised its option: EMI memorandum from L. G. Wood, 5/28/63.

Finally, on June 18: Brian Epstein’s journal.

John was descending into a black funk: Author interview with Pete Shotton, 1/19/98.

“out of my mind with drink”: John Lennon, 1972 interview, in Anthology, p. 98.

“sinking a fair bit of booze”: Tony Barrow, “What a Party,” Beatles Book Monthly, 7/83, p. 6.

“Bob has a sarcastic note”: Author interview with Bill Harry, 8/2/97.

“Come on, John, tell me”: McCabe & Schonfeld, John Lennon: For the Record, p. 94.

“tightly closed fists”: Beatles Book Monthly, 7/83, p. 6.

“Bob was holding his hands”: Author interview with Billy J. Kramer, 12/16/97.

“I was beating the shit out of him”: John Lennon, 1972 interview, in Anthology, p. 98.

Cynthia, who “was freaking out”: Author interview with Billy J. Kramer, 12/16/97.

“He arrived with a black eye”: Author interview with Rex Makin, 11/1/97.

“For my trouble”: Author interview with Bob Wooler, 10/30/97.

“I first called John in Liverpool”: Author interview with Tony Barrow, 10/31/97.

BEATLE IN BRAWL: Daily Mirror, 6/21/63.

“racing up and down the country”: “Backstage (and Elsewhere) with the Beatles, Dakotas,”NME, 7/26/63.

“girls were plucked”: “Fans Invade Homes but Boys Love ’Em!” NME, 6/21/63.

“nearly five thousand fans”: Melody Maker, 7/27/63.

The boys had to climb a scaffolding: “Beatles Paris Date, as EP Makes History,” NME, 7/26/63.

Publicly, the Beatles laughed it off: Melly, Revolt Into Style, p. 70.

“like persistent termites”: NME, 7/26/63.

“Wave the Union Jack!”: NME, 7/5/63.

“It’s terrible,” John complained: “I wouldn’t buy it.” “Beatles Blast Own Hit Disc!” NME, 6/22/63.

sold an astonishing 150,000 copies: “We had orders for 40,000 within a half-hour.” “Beatles Blast Off!” Melody Maker, 7/20/63.

first EP ever to enter the Top Ten: “Survey by Derek Johnson,” NME, 8/2/63.

“Bad to Me”: “Billy J. Kramer—So Much Melody,” NME, 7/19/63.

“Tip of My Tongue”: Released on Piccadilly no. 7N 35137, NME, 8/2/63.

“answering song”: “I’d planned an ‘answering song.’ ” Paul McCartney in Anthology, p. 96.

a “crummy idea”: Ibid.

“brilliant… one of the most vital [songs]”: George Martin in Pritchard & Lysaght, The Beatles, p. 125.

“Oh my God, what a lyric!”: Lewisohn, Sessions, p. 32.

“No one played it”: Author interview with Paul Marshall, 8/28/97.

“stone-cold dead”: Dave Dexter, Pritchard & Lysaght, The Beatles, p. 134.

“They didn’t pay anything”: Author interview with Roland Rennie, 8/7/97.

“Sometimes, you know, I feel”: “Close Up on a Beatle: Paul McCartney,” NME, 10/7/63.

“Beatles fever”: Melody Maker, 10/26/63.

“a staggering 235,000 copies”: NME, 8/16/63.

“sitting round a big fire”: “There’s nothing better, for me, than a bit of peace and quiet.” “Close Up on a Beatle: George Harrison,” NME, 8/16/63.

“I’m not really interested in sport”: NME, 8/9/63.

Ringo “didn’t have a large vocal range”: Paul McCartney in Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 148.

“If he couldn’t mentally picture”: Ibid., p. 152.

The boys had been on the way: “We’d go to his office and window shop on the way.” Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 154.

“Mecca”: “It was where all the guitar shops were.” Paul McCartney in Anthology, p. 101.

“Well, Ringo’s got this track”: Ibid.

“a throwaway”: “We weren’t going to give them anything great, right?” Sheff, Playboy Interviews, p. 145.

They played what they had: Wyman, Stone Alone, p. 150.

“So Paul and I just went off”: Sheff, Playboy Interviews, p. 145.

“Can I have that song?”: Author interview with Billy J. Kramer, 12/16/97.

“their act [was] fast”: Boyfriend, 10/63.

“We were like kings”: John Lennon, 1974 interview, in Anthology, p. 101.

“This is it! London!”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 120.

CHAPTER 23: SO THIS IS BEATLEMANIA

“there was nothing bigger”: Ringo Starr in Anthology, p. 102.

“My mum, Annie”: Author interview with Marie Crawford, 11/1/97.

“various decoy routes”: Author interview with Tony Barrow, 10/31/97.

BEATLEMANIA!: Daily Mirror, 10/14/63.

“Screaming girls launched themselves”: “Siege of the Beatles,” Daily Herald, 10/14/63.

“It was exactly the story”: Author interview with Don Short, 8/11/63.

“impropriety”: “I said there had been no impropriety in this association. To my very deep regret I have to admit that this was not true.” Letter from John Profumo to Harold Macmillan, 6/4/63.

“considerable sexual license”: “Even during the Victorian high noon, the upper and upper-middle classes had always allowed themselves considerable sexual license.” Melly, Revolt Into Style, p. 37.

“All over Britain… incredible scenes”: “This Week’s Beatlemania,” Melody Maker, 11/2/63.

“hundreds slept in the streets”: Ibid.

“midnight panic”: “It’s really here… BEATLEMANIA,” Sunday People, 11/27/63, p. 1.

girls “fainted—and got hurt”: “And 50 policemen were struggling to control the singing, screaming crowd.” Ibid.

“Thousands of girls battled”: “60 Teenagers Hurt in Cinema Stampede,” Sunday People, 11/3/63.

“thousands[,] of screaming fans”: Davies, Beatles, p. 182.

By coincidence, “the commotion”: “We couldn’t believe all the commotion at Heathrow Airport when we arrived.” Ed Sullivan in Pritchard & Lysaght, The Beatles, p. 140.

430–31 Sullivan had some idea: “Instead of paying the $5,000 that had been asked originally, [Sullivan] was forced to ante up $50,000.” Goldman, Elvis, p. 203.

Cliff Richard… had “died”: Davies, Beatles, p. 192.

“He was fourteenth on the bill”: John Lennon, 1967 interview, in Anthology, p. 116.

“We prefer to wait”: Melody Maker, 6/15/63.

“a fuckin’ shitty pop movie”: Wenner, Lennon Remembers, p. 79.

during his first meeting with the Beatles: “We piled into a cab and went to EMI Studios, where we gathered in an empty office.” Walter Shenson, 4/84, AGA.

“Oh, I don’t know”: “I met with them; John was the spokesman.” Author interview with Walter Shenson, 4/22/99.

“I really found myself”: Ibid.

“I’ll do it for nothing!”: Ibid.

“We laid out the terms”: Ibid.

“He was talking percentages of record albums”: Walter Shenson, 4/84, AGA.

“He wanted to see a script”: “I was dreading the day that someone finally said, ‘What are you going to make?’ ” Ibid.

“the most banal nonsense”: Author interview with Walter Shenson, 4/22/99.

“And Brian came up with”: Wenner, Lennon Remembers, p. 79.

Shenson was appalled: “I said, ‘Why Alun Owen?’ ” Walter Shenson, 4/84, AGA.

“I think it should be an exaggerated”: Author interview with Walter Shenson, 4/22/99.

“They were nervous”: Author interview with Tony Barrow, 10/31/97.

BEATLES ROCK THE ROYALS: Daily Express, 10/5/63, p. 1.

434–35 “it was impossible to go home”: Ringo Starr in Anthology, p. 109.

“Overflowing ashtrays”: Braun, Love Me Do, p. 52.

“It was such a buzz”: George Harrison in Anthology, p. 109.

“There was no homeliness”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 103.

“obligatory period of post-war austerity”: Wheen, The Sixties, p. 14.

“So many factors commingled”: Green, Days in the Life, p. viii.

“It seemed great to me”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 115.

Although by no means an intellectual: Author interview with Lionel Bart, 1/16/98.

“an intuitive brightness”: “Now I’m bright enough but mine is an intuitive brightness.” Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 106.

“Coming in from the provinces”: Green, Days in the Life, p. 48.

“Every man who ever met Jane”: Author interview with Alistair Taylor, 1/17/98.

a pale, creamy complexion: “Her mass of Titian-coloured hair cascaded around her face and shoulders, her pale complexion.” C. Lennon, A Twist, p. 121.

“We thought she was blonde”: Paul McCartney in Anthology, p. 110.

“She was smart and sexy”: Author interview with Peter Brown, 12/8/97.

“something about seeing them together”: Author interview with Tony Barrow, 10/31/97.

“Both of them came with plenty”: Author interview with John Dunbar, 1/13/98.

every night “out and about”: “They were always together.” Ibid.

“It was really like culture shock”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 106.

“For a young guy”: Ibid.

“I invited the whole industry”: Walter Hofer, 3/83, AGA.

“a good TV attraction”: Ed Sullivan in Pritchard & Lysaght, The Beatles, p. 140.

“plus five round-trip”: Ibid.

“to get over this hurdle”: Author interview with Roland Rennie, 8/7/97.

“But L.G. wasn’t asking anymore”: Author interview with Paul Marshall, 8/28/97.

According to a 1997 interview: “For whatever reason, I said, ‘Okay.’ ” Alan Livingston, Arena archives.

700,000 copies: “Advance orders for the disc…” NME, 11/3/63.

Even at Capitol: “For an artist that had a following, you might press twenty-five, fifty thousand.” Alan Livingston, Arena archives.

“After a while,” Bernstein recalled: Spitz, The Making of Superstars, p. 190.

“Girls are fainting”: “Beatsville,” Melody Maker, 11/9/63.

“rampaging fans”: Lewisohn, 25 Years in the Life, p. 29.

“Getting them inside”: “Beatsville,” Melody Maker, 11/9/63.

In Sunderland: “The Beatles manage their escape from the Sunderland Theater,” Braun, Love Me Do, p. 43.

George Martin arrived backstage: Author interview with Alistair Taylor, 1/17/98.

“a great album”: “Here They Come Again—Stand By for New Records,” Melody Maker, 11/23/63.

“a knockout”: “Beatles Tell the Secrets Behind Their Golden Tracks,” NME, 11/15/63.

“The second album was slightly better”: George Harrison in Anthology, p. 107.

It was influenced, John recalled: “He described [it] as ‘me trying to do a Smokey Robinson.’ ” Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 148.

“We were all very interested in American music”: Paul McCartney in Anthology, p. 107.

“one of the all-time great poets”: Wenner, Lennon Remembers, p. 168.

Paul “sounded like a woman”: George Harrison in Braun, Love Me Do, p. 49.

“a failed attempt at a single”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 83.

something “artistic”: “With the Beatles is the first [album cover] where we thought, ‘Hey, let’s get artistic.’ ” George Harrison in Anthology, p. 107.

Freeman posed the Beatles: Freeman, Yesterday: The Beatles, p. 8.

“shockingly humorless”: “Certainly EMI were strongly opposed to its use.” Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 157.

“it would damage their image”: Author interview with Tony Barrow, 10/31/97.

“I’d never seen anything like it”: Author interview with Peter Brown, 12/8/97.

On that first day alone: NME, 11/29/63.

The Cavern sponsored the chartered excursion: “We had about 30 Cavernites on that plane.” Author interview with Bob Wooler, 10/30/97.

By the last week in November: Record Retailer, 11/28/63.

The next week “She Loves You”: Disc, 11/30/63.

NME’s album chart: “Best Selling LPs in Britain,” NME, 12/4/63.

“the switchboard just went totally wild”: “Carroll James Remembers,” Beatlefan, April-May 1984, pp. 8–9.

“There came a time”: Author interview with Tony Barrow, 10/31/97.

“the craziest Xmas greeting”: NME, 12/6/63.

“Thank you, Ringo”: The Beatles Christmas Record, Official Beatles Fan Club, 12/63.

“Somebody asked us”: Ibid.

“I started getting jelly babies”: Disc, April 1964.

“it felt dangerous”: “It was like being in a zoo on stage!” Ringo Starr in Anthology, p. 106.

“gone right off jelly babies!”: The Beatles Christmas Record, 1963.

“on the cusp of showbiz”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 135.

“genuine”: In Michael Braun’s Love Me Do, Paul observes: “Quite a few people mention the word genuine” to describe the Beatles. “Which we’re not,” John responds (p. 32).

“a resident show”: Author interview with Peter Yolland, 1/12/98.

Delfont suggested he accept: D. Taylor, Fifty Years, p. 101.

“drive him crackers”: Ibid., p. 102.

“a shambles, just chaos”: Author interview with Alistair Taylor, 1/17/98.

“quite revolutionary”: Author interview with Tony Barrow, 10/31/97.

“When I left Liverpool”: John Lennon, 1971 interview, in Anthology, p. 109.

“brand-new Jaguar XK-E”: Author interview with Frieda Kelly Norris, 10/5/97.

“My idea was to make the Beatles”: Author interview with Peter Yolland, 1/14/98.

“I used to wake up”: Author interview with Nigel Walley, 3/7/98.

“They’re not listening”: Author interview with Pete Shotton, 1/19/98.

CHAPTER 24: ONCE UPON A TIME IN AMERICA

Pan Am Flight 101: Pan American Airways flight logs.

“been over the moon”: C. Lennon, A Twist, p. 103.

a crowd of four thousand: “Four thousand girls… had arrived at London Airport.” Braun, Love Me Do, p. 90.

“boom[ed] out over the public address system”: New York Times, 2/6/64.

new pleated mohair suits: “Beatles New Suits for USA,” NME, 2/7/64.

“nothing like it”: Paul McCartney in Badman, Off the Record, 2/6/64, p. 78.

“In Liverpool, when you stood”: Fawcett, John Lennon: One Day at a Time, p. 115.

“with a mess of ideas”: Mimi Smith, AGA (undated).

“he thought we were winners”: George Harrison in Badman, Off the Record, p. 78.

Since just after takeoff: “Every half hour the stewardesses on the plane would carry a product to Epstein, who would then write a polite, ‘No’ to the manufacturer.” Nora Ephron, “Enter the Beatles,” New York Post, 2/9/64.

“Going to the States was a big step”: Davies, Beatles, p. 195.

Paul was also overheard: Braun, Love Me Do, p. 91.

“The pilot had rang ahead”: Paul McCartney in Anthology, p. 116.

Shouts—whoops and cheers: “Just listen to that, fellers!” C. Lennon, A Twist, p. 105.

All day they had been urging listeners: Melody Maker, 2/15/64.

“Not even for kings”: “3,000 Fans Greet British Beatles,” New York Times, 2/8/64, p. 25.

“some punches were exchanged”: “Beatles In, Town Knows It,” Daily News, 2/8/64, p. 14.

“As far as I can tell”: Giuliano, Dark Horse, p. 47.

“We had heard that our records were selling”: George Harrison in Badman, Off the Record, p. 79.

“All right then”: Braun, Love Me Do, p. 94.

“Will you sing something”: Beatles Press Conference, transcript, 2/7/64.

“contagious… Beatle wit”: New York Times, 2/8/64, p. 49.

“Hey, I dig your hat”: George Harrison in Badman, Off the Record, p. 79, and in Pritchard & Lysaght, The Beatles, p. 149.

“The Beatles are coming”: Murray Kaufman in Pritchard & Lysaght, The Beatles, p. 146.

“Who are you?”: Badman, Off the Record, p. 80.

“the Beatles were lifted”: Ephron, “Enter the Beatles,” New York Post, 2/9/64, p. 27.

“I remember… getting into the limo”: Paul McCartney in Anthology, p. 116.

It came as quite a shock: “The Plaza management was petrified.” Braun, Love Me Do, p. 96.

Exhausted from their flight: The Beatles: Their First American Visit (video), 1991.

“We wanted to hear the music”: John Lennon, 1964 interview, in Anthology, p. 119.

“We phoned every radio [station]”: “Epstein had to stop us.” Ibid.

“This is the Beatles’ station!”: WINS-AM archives, 2/7–8/64.

“[He] was as mad as a hatter”: Ringo Starr in Anthology, p. 119.

George’s temperature: “Beatles Prepare for Their Debut,” New York Times, 2/9/64.

Wendy Hanson: “Capitol called me from Los Angeles and said, ‘Can you please get us an English secretary. We need someone for Epstein. We want to impress him.’ ” Wendy Hanson, 11/27/83, AGA.

“a rather nouveau-riche family”: Ibid.

“trolled with a bunch”: Nicky Byrne, 2/84, AGA.

A sculptor in London: NME, 4/3/64.

“Brian’s made a terrible mess”: Nicky Byrne, 2/84, AGA.

By the time Brian arrived: “When it dawned on Brian what had happened, it started to make him physically ill.” Braun, Love Me Do, p. 129.

“smoking night and day”: “Bootleggers Trying to Capture a Share of Success,” New York Times, 2/17/64, p. 20.

“Seltaeb was… in a business”: Walter Hofer, 3/83, AGA.

“all sorts of gear”: Nicky Byrne, 2/84, AGA.

“cruise past the Apollo”: Author interview with Paul McCartney, 5/27/97.

the label’s pressing plants: Dave Dexter in Pritchard & Lysaght, The Beatles, p. 155.

Otherwise, Meggs put himself: New York Times, 2/17/64, p. 20.

“vintage Coca-Cola”: Braun, Love Me Do, p. 103.

“asking dumb questions”: R. Spector, Be My Baby, p. 77.

John and George quickly developed serious crushes: Ibid., p. 72.

There was no chance of that: “Thank you for your recent request for tickets… and [we] are very sorry to tell you that so many ticket requests already have been received that we are unable to send you any at this time.” Letter, CBS TV Network, Ticket Bureau, CBS archives.

“It’s from Elvis!”: “America Gets the Beatle Bug from John, Paul, Ringo & George,” NME, 2/14/64.

“these youngsters from Liverpool”: The Ed Sullivan Show, 2/23/64, CBS archives.

“We weren’t happy”: Paul McCartney in Badman, Off the Record, p. 82.

“Finally,” George recalled: George Harrison in ibid.

“just stopped by to get a look”: WWDC radio interview, Carroll James, 2/11/64.

“having a row”: Wendy Hanson, 11/27/83, AGA.

“he sung rounds”: Ibid.

“Now, yesterday and today”: The Ed Sullivan Show, 2/9/64, CBS archives.

“crazy girls, who were going bananas”: Goldman, Lives of John Lennon, p. 159.

“a record, according to the A. C. Nielsen Company”: “Sullivan Show Scores,” New York Times, 2/11/64.

“a fad”: “The Beatles and Their Audience,” New York Times, 2/10/64.

“false modal frames”: Ibid.

“seemed downright conservative”: Washington Post, 2/10/64.

“Visually they are a nightmare”: Newsweek, 2/11/64.

BEATLES BOMB ON TV: New York Herald Tribune, 2/10/64.

“fucking soft”: Braun, Love Me Do, p. 109.

“If everybody really liked us”: John Lennon, 1964 interview, in Anthology, p. 120.

“vicious attack”: “He considered the reviews a vicious attack.” Brian Sommerville, 7/3/84, AGA.

“Before Epstein came here”: Braun, Love Me Do, p. 114.

Ostensibly, the conference was called: “Next morning we had another press conference when the news was released that we’d signed to make 3 films.” The Beatles in America (pamphlet; no copyright page or numbering).

“false modal frames”: Beatles press conference transcript, 2/10/64.

Three opening acts: “We had Tommy Roe and that groovy group the Chiffons.” The Beatles in America.

Murray the K showed up: “I broadcast my entire show from the Beatles’ dressing room.” Murray Kaufman in Pritchard & Lysaght, The Beatles, p. 152.

In most theaters-in-the-round: “Because it was an ice rink, there was no way to come up from under the stage.” Carroll James, “Fab Four on the Radio,” Beatlefan, April-May 1984, p. 9.

So Harry Lynn: “Harry Lynn said to me, ‘Your job is to keep everybody diverted.’ ” Ibid.

“The reaction was so overwhelming”: Paul McCartney, radio interview, 2/11/64, also cited in Goldman, Lives of John Lennon, p. 160.

“an obstacle course”: Goldman, Lives of John Lennon, p. 160.

“went berserk”: “The crowd went berserk with delight.” “America Gets the Beatle Bug,” NME, 2/14/64.

“All the Beatlemania ingredients”: Ibid.

“That night, we were… pelted”: George Harrison in Badman, Off the Record, p. 85.

“the ring-side seem like Omaha Beach”: Braun, Love Me Do, p. 119.

“Ringo, in particular”: Goldman, Lives of John Lennon, p. 160.

“the acoustics were terrible”: George Harrison in Grandstand interview, BBC-TV, 2/22/64.

“They could have ripped me apart”: “We’ve Got ’Em Luv, and It’s All Gear,” LIFE, 2/17/64, p. 34.

“What an audience!”: Braun, Love Me Do, p. 130.

“champagne party and masked”: British embassy invitation.

This was precisely the kind of function: “We always try to get out of those crap things.” George Harrison in Badman, Off the Record, p. 85.

as the boys made their entrance: “The whole ballroom of dancers sort of swirled around us when we came in.” The Beatles in America.

“So, what do you do?”: NME, 2/14/64.

“full quota of chinless wonders”: Martin, All You Need, p. 162.

“like something in a zoo”: Ringo Starr in Badman, Off the Record, p. 85.

“exchange pleasantries”: Brian Sommerville, 7/3/84, AGA.

“slightly drunk woman”: Braun, Love Me Do, p. 122.

But as the raffle presentation wound down: Daily Express, 2/13/64.

“What the hell do you think”: Ringo Starr in Anthology, p. 120.

“This lot here”: Daily Express, 2/13/64.

John started for the door: Louise Harrison in Badman, Off the Record, p. 86.

“They were very sad”: Harry Benson in ibid.

“some giant three-ring”: George Martin in Anthology, p. 155.

“The only place we ever got any peace”: George Harrison in ibid.

“simply another theater”: Brian Sommerville, 7/3/84, AGA.

By February 3, a deal had been struck: “I have spoken to Sid Bernstein… and Brian Epstein… have both agreed…” Letter, Brown Meggs to Carnegie Hall, 2/3/64.

American Federation of Musicians: NME, 2/14/64.

“Yells and shouts”: “The Night Carnegie Hall Went Berserk,” Melody Maker, 2/22/64.

“looked the audience sternly”: New York Times, 2/13/64.

“thumping, twanging rhythms”: “2,900 Voice Chorus Joins the Beatles,” New York Times, 2/13/64.

“They are worth listening to”: “Hiram’s Report,” New Yorker, 2/22/64, p. 23.

“I hear they write”: “Plaque and Luncheon Celebrate a 50th Birthday for ASCAP,” New York Times, 2/14/64.

“Miami was like paradise”: Paul McCartney in Anthology, p. 120.

“bathing beauties”: The Beatles in America.

“Beatle Central”: Rayl, Beatles ’64, p. 51.

“cozzies”: “Get your cozzies on!” Paul McCartney in ibid., p. 123.

“It was a big time”: “Miami was incredible.” Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 162.

“rock ’n roll gods”: Ringo Starr in Anthology, p. 123.

Mau Mau Lounge: “The boys went to the Mau Mau Lounge… and were knocked out by the Coasters.” Melody Maker, 2/22/64, p. 11.

“the most brilliant place”: Ringo Starr in Anthology, p. 120.

But the relaxed, unfettered lifestyle: “Even when we go swimming… the fans toss autograph books at us.” The Beatles in America.

stashed in the back: Norman, Shout!, p. 230.

borrowed from one of the local… affiliates: “We told Brian we wanted a pool, and the guy from the record company had one.” Paul McCartney in Anthology, p. 123.

On the rare days: NME, 2/21/64.

By February 15: Billboard, 2/15/64.

Columnist Nat Hentoff: “Gold Drain,” NME, 2/21/64.

Paul felt compelled: “I think Clay is going to win.” Rayl, Beatles ’64, p. 53.

“It was a big publicity thing”: George Harrison in Anthology, p. 123.

“who could talk at the rate of”: Mailer, The Fight, p. 13.

“Get a load of them Beatles”: “The Beatles and Clay Spar a Fast Roundelay,” New York Times, 2/19/64.

“Where the fuck’s Clay?”: Remnick, King of the World, p. 158.

“Hello there, Beatles!”: New York Times, 2/19/64.

“didn’t know who they were”: Hauser, Muhammed Ali: His Life and Times, p. 63.

“insisted on having fun”: Mailer, The Fight, p. 11.

“Get down… worms”: Harry Benson in Badman, Off the Record, p. 87.

“with his gloved hand”: Rayl, Beatles ’64, p. 53.

here Poem: “Clay recited a topical epic.” New York Times, 2/19/64.

“with great reluctance”: Mailer, The Fight, p. 75.

“Clay mesmerized them”: Harry Benson in Badman, Off the Record, p. 87.

“Vied you do that?”: Hoffman, With the Beatles, p. 118.

CHAPTER 25: TOMORROW NEVER KNOWS

More than one reporter: Press conference, Heathrow Airport, 2/22/64, Beatles interview. Project.

“healthy and British”: New York Times, 2/23/64.

“flattered”: Ibid.

“Earning all these dollars”: George Harrison in Grandstand interview, BBC-TV, 2/22/64.

the $253,000 check: Rayl, Beatles ’64, p. 54.

Barclays Bank Review: New York Times, 3/2/64.

The U.S. market was flooded with singles: Dusty Springfield at number 15, Dave Clark Five at number 33, Searchers at number 80. Cashbox, 2/24/64.

“With this transition”: History of British Rock Vol. 3 sleeve notes, Sire Records, 1975.

Big Night Out: “In addition to sketches, they will sing five songs.” NME, 2/28/64.

Ringo… flying home: Lewisohn, 25 Years in the Life, p. 40.

Most of the numbers were slated: “Some—for the soundtrack—were required before the film went into production.” Lewisohn, Sessions, p. 39.

“we knew they were good”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 163.

A version of “Can’t Buy Me Love”: Ibid., p. 162.

“It was the first ballad”: Ibid., p. 122.

“I think it was John”: Dick James in Badman, Off the Record, p. 90.

488–89 “the middle eight is mine”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 123.

“tired and depressed”: “But on Tuesday evening, George was tired and depressed.” NME, 2/28/64.

Grudgingly, he’d devoted an hour: D. Taylor, Fifty Years, p. 110.

Daily Express… front-page news: Daily Express, 2/26/64, p. 1.

Dick James… cuff links: Lewisoh, Sessions, p. 40 (illustration).

a gorgeous Rolex: “I am still wearing the watch that I was given by Mr. Epstein.” George Harrison in Anthology, p. 134.

“a black New York girl-group song”: Sheff, Playboy Interviews, pp. 204–5.

It was John’s first attempt: MacDonald, Revolution in the Head, p. 86.

The symmetry of their voices: “recorded—at their request—together on one microphone.” Lewisohn, Sessions, p. 40.

“dripping with chords”: NME, 2/1/64.

“a bit of a formula song”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 163.

“The Beatles didn’t get totally immersed”: George Martin in Anthology, p. 124.

“We don’t stop until we’re confident”: “People Behind the Beatles,” NME, 3/6/64.

With time to spare: “By the time we did A Hard Day’s Night we would certainly put the basic track down and do the vocals afterward.” George Martin in Anthology, p. 124.

George had begun to experiment: “For the first time ever on record, I play a twelve-string guitar.” NME, 2/13/64.

an instrument so new: “Harrison’s was only the second of these instruments to be made.” MacDonald, Revolution in the Head, p. 85n.

The plan was to keep everything simple: Alun Owen in Badman, Off the Record, p. 92.

“The director knew we couldn’t act”: John Lennon, 1964 interview, in Anthology, p. 129.

“the Beatles fell right into it”: Author interview with Walter Shenson, 4/22/99.

“high-speed pseudodocumentary”: Ward, Rock of Ages, p. 278.

“disarming and refreshing”: Yule, Man Who Framed the Beatles, p. 7.

“little jokes, the sarcasm”: “Alun picked up a lot of little things about us.” Paul McCartney in Anthology, p. 128.

“We were like that”: John Lennon, 1970 interview, in Anthology, p. 128.

an ungodly hour: “Getting up early… wasn’t our best talent.” Ringo Starr in Anthology, p. 128.

“the lads never touched the script”: Beatlefan, February-March 1985, p. 12.

“frantically”: “We read [the script] frantically in the car.” “A Frank Talk by the Boys,” NME, 3/27/64.

“You never knew”: Victor Spinetti in Pritchard & Lysaght, The Beatles, p. 165.

“We’d make things up”: Ringo Starr in Anthology, p. 129.

“Dick just went on shooting”: Victor Spinetti in Beatlefan, February-March 1985, pp. 12–13.

most of which Paul had written: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 111.

“too soft”: Author interview with Billy J. Kramer, 12/16/97.

492–93 “I could talk to him”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 113.

“Their bedrooms were next door”: Author interview with John Dunbar, 1/13/98.

“the laboratories”: Pearce Marchbank in Green, Days in the Life, pp. 32–33.

“Somehow it wasn’t to do”: Paul McCartney in ibid., p. 46.

1.7 million copies: NME, 3/13/64.

“Well, here it is!”: “Single Reviews,” NME, 3/13/64.

scores of singles: “Yes! You Can Hold My Hand” by the Beatlettes, “Beatle Fever” by Brett and Terry, “The Beatle Dance” by Ernie Maresca, “The Boy with the Beatle Haircut” by the Swans, “A Beatle I Want to Be” by Sonny Curtis, “The Beatles” by the Buddies, “We Love You Beatles” by the Carefrees.

A start-up label, Top Six: NME, 1/31/64.

Even Decca, at the behest: “Decca Signs Ex-Beatle,” ibid.

The original demo tape: “I told Jay Lasker ‘I need those tapes back,’ and Vee-Jay could never find them. ‘You know how it is…. ’ ” Author interview with Roland Rennie, 8/7/97.

Brian pleaded with EMI: “Cap Throws Block vs. Veejay’s [sic] Beatles,” Variety, 2/12/64.

“Tell Me If You Can”: “We’ve recorded a composition that Paul McCartney and I wrote.” NME, 3/20/64.

“Brian didn’t get very good deals”: George Harrison in Anthology, p. 98.

“wasn’t astute enough” Paul McCartney in ibid.

“long-term slave contracts”: Ibid.

“We had fifty times as many offers”: Rayl, Beatles ’64, p. 55.

a minimum guarantee of $20,000: Author interview with Sid Bernstein, 1977.

“no fewer than one hundred”: Standardized GAC contract for the Beatles, 5/64.

sold forty thousand copies: New York Times, 4/6/64.

“scrappy”: “The drawings were very scrappy because I’m heavy-handed.” John Lennon, 1964 interview, in Anthology, p. 134.

“There’s nothing deep in it”: Ibid.

descendent of the Daily Howl: “It started back in my school days. When I was about fourteen.” NME, 3/27/64.

“gobbledegook”: “I used to hide my real emotions in gobbledegook.” John Lennon, 1964 interview, in Anthology, p. 134.

“cultural earthquake”: Green, Days in the Life, viii.

“a laugh a minute”: Public Ear, BBC, 3/22/64.

“worth the attention”: Times Literary Supplement, 3/25/64.

Carl-Alan award: NME (ceremony photo), 3/27/64.

Record sales were astronomical: Billboard’s “Hot 100,” 4/11/64.

Everyone at NEMS was posted there: “He came into the office at Argyll Street.” Brian Sommerville, 7/4/83, AGA.

“I stuck out my hand”: From a recollection reprinted ad infinitum over the years, but probably originally from an account in the magazine Tit Bits, 1965.

“You can’t turn your back”: Brian Sommerville, AGA.

“He turned up after I was famous”: John Lennon, 1972 interview, in Anthology, p. 180.

“It was casting a sprat”: Author interview with Don Short, 8/11/97.

“Whenever fashions changed”: C. Lennon, A Twist, p. 117.

Much later, Twiggy: “Twiggy told me much later she copied Pattie.” Author interview with Peter Brown, 12/12/97.

“When we started filming”: Pattie Boyd in Davies, Beatles, p. 201.

“semi-engaged”: “Pattie… declined [George’s] offer.” Giuliano, Dark Horse, p. 62.

“confident about [his] relationship”: Eric Swayne in Badman, Off the Record, p. 96.

“Cyn and I had to dress”: Pattie Boyd in Davies, Beatles, p. 202.

“It was all so romantic”: Ringo Starr in Anthology, p. 128.

UA, which never even saw: Walter Shenson, 4/84, AGA.

“There was something Ringo said”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 164.

“abusing the English language”: Author interview with Walter Shenson, 4/22/99.

“Ringo would always say”: George Harrison in Anthology, p. 130.

“I was just talking”: Ringo Starr in Grandstand interview, BBC-TV, 2/22/64.

John promptly wrote it down: “John always used to write them down.” Ringo Starr in Anthology, p. 130.

“Ringoism”: Sheff, Playboy Interviews, p. 148.

“We’ve just got our title!”: Author interview with Walter Shenson, 4/22/99.

“I’m afraid we’re going to need a song”: Ibid.

They had already shot: “We filmed the scene where all the fans run into the train station.” Paul McCartney in Anthology, p. 129.

The “strident” chord: “The ‘strident’ chord was the perfect launch.” George Martin in Lewisohn, Sessions, p. 43.

“because I couldn’t reach the notes”: Sheff, Playboy Interviews, p. 148.

“in the world of commerce”: D. Taylor, Fifty Years, p. 20.

“There are only a few journalists”: Author interview with Tony Barrow, 10/31/97.

“painted a new rainbow”: D. Taylor, Fifty Years, p. 86.

“He’s one of those people”: John Lennon, 1964 interview, in Anthology, p. 140.

“fact-gathering expedition”: “We were allowing ourselves five days… for a fact-gathering expedition.” D. Taylor, Fifty Years, p. 116.

“I am homosexual”: Ibid., p. 117.

“my personal assistant”: Ibid.

“The entire office took to him”: Author interview with Tony Bramwell, 8/8/97.

“a potboiler”: Derek Taylor in Anthology, p. 115.

Queer Jew: Coleman, Lennon, p. 203.

“My early days at NEMS”: D. Taylor, Fifty Years, p. 144.

“The heat was immediately on”: Ibid., p. 142.

CHAPTER 26: IN THE EYE OF A HURRICANE

His throat was especially sore: “My throat was so sore…. I was a smoker in those days, too.” Ringo Starr in Anthology, p. 139.

“didn’t like it one bit”: “I got quite a fright when I saw Ringo sink to his knees.” Neil Aspinall in Badman, Off the Record, p. 101.

“Imagine, the Beatles”: George Harrison in Badman, Off the Record, p. 101.

postponed immediately: “I don’t want to do the tour without Ringo.” George Harrison in D. Taylor, Fifty Years, p. 146.

“Brian argued with us”: Paul McCartney in Badman, Off the Record, p. 101.

“bullied by Brian Epstein”: George Harrison in D. Taylor, Fifty Years, p. 146.

“It might have looked”: NME, 6/12/64.

“Humpity-Dumpity”: NME, 5/15/64 (advertisement).

There are various versions: “Brian called me and I went down to his office.” Beatlefan, Oct.-Nov. 1984, p. 22. “It was EMI asking if I could come down to the studio.” Baker, Beatles Down Under, p. 19. “The phone rang. It was George Martin.” Badman, Off the Record, p. 102.

“I nearly shit”: Beatlefan, Sept.-Oct. 1994, p. 12.

“mischief and carrying on”: Ibid.

“Wherever we went”: Wenner, Lennon Remembers, pp. 84–86.

“his head was a balloon”: Beatlefan, Sept.-Oct. 1994, p. 13.

“the most relaxing and happy”: C. Lennon, A Twist, p. 127.

“happy families time”: Ibid., p. 128.

“in the eye of a hurricane”: Solt & Egan, Imagine, p. 63.

“He played well”: Paul McCartney in Anthology, p. 139.

“the Four Fabs”: D. Taylor, Fifty Years, p. 146.

“at least 100,000 cheering”: NME, 5/12/64.

“Fuck off, yer bald old crip!”: D. Taylor, Fifty Years, p. 149.

CHILD DYING: Ibid., p. 147.

“We’d been sitting”: George Harrison in Anthology, p. 139.

Fierce crosswinds: Baker, Down Under, p. 24.

“back of a flat-bed”: Neil Aspinall in Anthology, p. 140.

“the J. F. Kennedy position”: George Harrison in D. Taylor, Fifty Years, p. 159.

“you might get shot”: John Lennon, Adelaide press conference, 6/12/64.

“It was like a heroes’ welcome”: Paul McCartney in Anthology, p. 140.

“a bitterly cold day”: Variety, 6/24/64.

“nearly twice as many”: New York Times, 6/13/64.

“horrendous”: Ringo Starr in Anthology, p. 140.

“madness we had not seen”: D. Taylor, Fifty Years, p. 161.

the girls fainting: “Hundreds of youngsters fainted and… sustained minor injuries.” New York Times, 6/13/64.

“screamed so hard”: Ibid.

“frightening, chaotic”: Baker, Down Under, p. 57.

Description of premiere: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 132.

“behaved like delighted”: Author interview with Walter Shenson, 4/22/99.

“off-beat”: “Off-Beat Film on Beatles,” The Times (London), 7/8/64.

“exercise in anarchy”: Sunday Times, 7/12/64.

“delightfully loony”: Daily Express, 7/8/64.

“a whale of a comedy”: “The Four Beatles in ‘A Hard Day’s Night,’ ” New York Times, 8/12/64.

“I dug A Hard Day’s Night”: John Lennon, 1970 interview, in Anthology, p. 128.

“We knew it was better”: Ibid., p. 129.

“not as good as James Bond”: John Lennon, Liverpool interview, 7/10/64.

the movie opened to critical success: NME, 7/10/64.

“with a record 160 prints”: “On the British Movie Scene,” New York Times, 8/2/64.

“would gross at least a million”: NME, 7/10/64.

“That’s the stuff!”: “Beatles Still Love to Play Jokes,” NME, 7/17/64.

“It was extraordinary”: “They were absolutely terrified.” Sunday Times (special Beatles issue), 1983.

“[Friends] kept coming down”: Press reception transcript, Liverpool, 7/10/64.

“one or two little rumors”: Paul McCartney in Anthology, p. 144.

Paul had settled a paternity claim: Goldman, Lives of John Lennon, p. 150.

“with astonishing nonchalance”: D. Taylor, Fifty Years, p. 179.

“Being local heroes”: John Lennon, 1967 interview, in Anthology, p. 144.

their “own people”: Paul McCartney in Anthology, p. 144.

“Miles away from Speke”: Sunday Times (special Beatles issue), 1983.

“Did you ever imagine”: Press conference with Gerald Harrison, 7/10/64.

“You want to get some teeth”: D. Taylor, Fifty Years, p. 181.

a 1:30 A.M. flight: Lewisohn, Chronicle, p. 165.

“really weird characters”: C. Lennon, A Twist, p. 114.

“People were ringing”: Author interview with Nigel Walley, 3/11/98.

“select”: C. Lennon, A Twist, p. 114.

“They were the hardest-working entertainers”: Author interview with Ray Ennis, 10/1/97.

“By the time we were getting drunk”: D. Taylor, Fifty Years, p. 183.

she’d suffered a nervous collapse: “Last Monday she went to a hospital with cuts on her arms.” New York Times, 7/25/64.

“Aw, fuck off”: George Harrison in D. Taylor, Fifty Years, p. 183.

“very edgy and nervous”: Ibid.

“was the epitome of great talent”: Author interview with Tony Barrow, 10/31/97.

“a send-off”: Author interview with Ken Partridge, 1/18/98.

“He tried hard to conceal”: Ibid.

“It had a disastrous effect”: Author interview with Peter Brown, 12/9/97.

“He was always putting pills”: Author interview with Billy J. Kramer, 12/16/97.

“Brian was far too uptight”: Author interview with Ken Partridge, 1/18/98.

“on jukeboxes in a hundred thousand joints”: Kansas City Times, 10/18/64, p. 1.

“America was now very aware”: Neil Aspinall in Anthology, p. 146.

“and now it was perceived”: Rayl, Beatles ’64, p. 66.

“Communist… pact”: “Beatlemania Analyzed,” Seattle Times, 8/22/64.

“It scares you”: Los Angeles Times, 8/19/64.

“I saw two girls”: “We Couldn’t Get into Beatlesville!” NME, 8/21/64.

“No sooner had the Beatles moved”: Walter Hofer, 3/83, AGA.

“total madness”: Author interview with Larry Kane, 12/24/97.

“Security was just awful”: Ibid.

“exasperated sheriff’s deputies”: “Youngsters Swarm Over Hotel,” Las Vegas Review-Journal (story and photo caption), 8/20/64.

“pinned in their dressing room”: “Beatles Bat It Out for Seattle,” Seattle Post-Intelligencer, 8/22/64.

“a frozen T-bone”: Author interview with Art Schreiber, 3/3/98.

“dull-sounding big beat”: Vancouver Sun, 8/24/64.

“screaming, weeping ecstasy”: Seattle Post-Intelligencer, 8/22/64.

“It felt like an earthquake”: Author interview with Larry Kane, 12/24/97.

“They were real players”: Author interview with Bill Medley, 5/7/98.

“we don’t want [the fans] quiet”: John Lennon, 1966 interview, in Anthology, p. 150.

“vibrated like crazy”: Author interview with Art Schreiber, 3/3/98.

“After a few days of circling”: Author interview with Larry Kane, 12/24/97.

“Lennon was a fiend”: Author interview with Art Schreiber, 3/3/98.

George put it, “rattle”: “Pop stars shouldn’t rattle their audience.” George Harrison in Anthology, p. 145.

“We were being asked about it”: John Lennon, 1972 interview, in Anthology, p. 145.

“We couldn’t help ourselves”: John Lennon from 1968 and 1972 interviews in Anthology, p. 145.

“It was all perfectly respectable”: D. Taylor, Fifty Years, p. 198.

“Mal knocked on my door”: Author interview with Larry Kane, 3/15/02.

the Beatles steered clear: “… but no one caught anything.” Seattle Post-Intelligencer, 8/22/64.

A makeshift barricade: Author interview with lobby manager, Edgewater Hotel, 9/4/97.

Girls were eventually discovered: Seattle Post-Intelligencer, 8/22/64.

Later the Beatles learned: “Ringo told me they did it, and how they were all very proud of it.” Author interview with Larry Kane, 12/24/97.

“explosive situation”: Variety, 9/9/64.

“to jam up against”: Vancouver Sun, 8/24/64.

“If you don’t stop”: Paul McCartney, from a bootleg recording, Empire Stadium, 8/22/64.

“It was pretty scary”: Author interview with Chris Hutchins, 8/6/97.

“Dozens of fans stormed”: NME, 9/4/64.

In Boston on September 12: Boston Globe, 9/13/64.

“The police were truly awful”: D. Taylor, Fifty Years, p. 224.

“surged toward the stage”: “Police Hard Put to Quell Charge of Beatle Fans,” Cleveland Plain Dealer, 9/16/64.

“as did a brass railing”: “Ohio Girls Rush Beatles and Police Interrupt Show,” New York Times, 9/16/64.

“Sit down, sit down”: “Bye Bye Beatles Fans, Police Sigh,” Cleveland Press, 8/15/64.

“hurricane of boos”: Cleveland Plain Dealer, 8/16/64.

“It touched off a kind of screaming”: Author interview with Art Schreiber, 3/3/98.

Several windows were shattered: Cleveland Plain Dealer, 8/16/64.

The police were reluctant: “The Beatles, now dressed again and not at all pleased at having to push on, did return and Cleveland got its concert.” D. Taylor, Fifty Years, p. 227.

“Welcome to you in the trees!”: Audiotape, Hollywood Bowl, 8/23/64.

“a gorgeous California night”: Author interview with Larry Kane, 12/24/97.

A lot of importance: “It seemed so important and everybody was saying things.” John Lennon, 1964 interview, in Anthology, 150.

“They were great as a live band”: George Martin in Anthology, p. 150.

“not much of the mop-haired”: “Beatle Fans—Hollywood Bowl Chapter,” Los Angeles Times, 8/24/64.

“almost too well behaved”: John Lennon in Jim Steck interview (audio), 8/25/64.

“best-looking” starlets: David Gerber in Rayl, Beatles ’64, p. 100.

“very casual”: Author interview with Larry Kane, 12/24/97.

“We saw a couple of film stars”: John Lennon, 1966 interview, in Anthology, p. 150.

“was a very expensive”: George Harrison in D. Taylor, Fifty Years, p. 203.

“about eight feet tall”: Ibid., p. 150.

Ringo, who came dressed: “I had a poncho and two toy guns.” Ringo Starr in Anthology, p. 150.

“I wish we had real guns”: NME, 10/11/64.

Bobby Darin and Sandra Dee: “John was receiving visitors like Bobby Darin and Sandra Dee.” Ibid.

“harangued and hassled”: Derek Taylor in Rayl, Beatles ’64, p. 108.

“absolute privacy”: D. Taylor, Fifty Years, p. 204.

“It was bad from the get-go”: Author interview with Larry Kane, 3/8/02.

“Beatlemania [was] in full frenzy”: D. Taylor, Fifty Years, p. 204.

“the whole of Hollywood paparazzi”: George Harrison in Anthology, p. 150.

“Tell him to drop his camera”: John Lennon, 1964 interview, in ibid., p. 153.

The next day, predictably: “Beatles Leave L.A. Gasping,” Los Angeles Herald Examiner, 8/24/64.

In Baltimore: Rayl, Beatles ’64, p. 194.

“That was horrendous”: George Harrison in D. Taylor, Fifty Years, p. 204.

But at the old Muhlbach: Author interview with Art Schreiber, 3/3/98.

“Older women would come up”: Ibid.

“After most shows, you couldn’t”: Wendy Hanson, 11/27/83, AGA.

“The Beatles hated that”: Author interview with Tony Barrow, 10/31/97.

“reminded him of Brigitte Bardot”: Author interview with Art Schreiber, 3/3/98.

“This is it!”: Rayl, Beatles ’64, p. 123.

the city hit them: “The Beatles reeled.” D. Taylor, Fifty Years, p. 207.

The Plaza Hotel now knew: “They stayed at the Delmonico because Ed Sullivan lived there and could get them a suite.” Sid Bernstein, from notes for Spitz, Making of Superstars.

But when their limo pulled: “Beatles Reach Town: It’s Fan, Fan, Fantastic,” New York Post, 8/29/64.

“a screaming success”: “Concentration of Screaming Teen-Agers [sic] Noted at Hotel,” New York Times, 8/29/64.

Paul had discovered him first: “We loved him and had done [so] since his first album which I’d had in Liverpool.” Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 187.

“And for the rest of our three weeks”: John Lennon, 1964 interview, in Anthology, p. 114.

“one of the most memorable”: George Harrison in ibid., p. 112.

“I’m sure this kind of thing”: Paul McCartney in ibid., p. 158.

“I’d started thinking about”: John Lennon, 1970 interview, in ibid., p. 158.

“He made us feel”: White, Rock Lives, p. 199.

“I think it was Dylan”: John Lennon, 1970 interview, in Anthology, p. 158.

“When I met Dylan”: John Lennon, 1971 interview, in ibid.

“How about something… organic?”: Rayl, Beatles ’64, p. 134.

“We first got marijuana”: George Harrison in Anthology, p. 158.

“But what about your song”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 187. John says: “Bob Dylan had heard one of our records where we said, ‘I can hide,’ and he understood, ‘I get high.’ ” John Lennon, 1969 interview, in Anthology, p. 158.

“a skinny American joint”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 188.

“my official taster”: Rayl, Beatles ’64, p. 135.

As Paul recounted: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 188.

“We were just legless”: D. Taylor, Fifty Years, p. 212.

“he’d been up there”: Rayl, Beatles ’64, p. 135.

“It may not seem the least bit”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 189.

“Get it down, Mal”: D. Taylor, Fifty Years, p. 212.

“He kept answering our phone”: John Lennon, 1969 interview, in Anthology, p. 158.

CHAPTER 27: LENNON AND MCCARTNEY TO THE RESCUE

“I’ll probably open”: Beatles press conference, Cow Palace, San Francisco, 8/19/64.

$5.8 million in U.S. rentals: United Artists, six-week rentals accounting.

By October 1964, EMI: “Sidelights: Profit Is Spelled with a Beatle,” New York Times, 10/25/64.

“largely due to Beatle [sic] records”: Time, 10/2/64, p. 112.

Variety also reported: “Epstein Values 1/4 Beatles Slice at $4,000,000,” Variety, 11/11/64.

Now he turned down $10 million: Ibid.

“this one in color”: Disc, 9/26/64.

It seemed ridiculous to try: “A lot of it was… thinking this was the way things were done if the record company needs another album.” Neil Aspinall in Anthology, p. 161.

“a lousy period”: John Lennon, 1964 interview, in Anthology, p. 160.

“Basically,” Paul explained: Paul McCartney in ibid., p. 159.

“the moon and June stuff”: Melody Maker, 2/1/64.

“We got more and more free”: Paul McCartney in Anthology, p. 160.

“version of ‘Silhouettes’ ”: Sheff, Playboy Interviews, p. 147.

“too way out”: John Lennon in Melody Maker, 2/1/64.

“[wouldn’t] know quite what to make”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 175.

“No one was allowed to record”: Author interview with Tony Crane, 10/7/97.

“The ideas were there”: Ringo Starr in Anthology, p. 159.

“played live so often”: George Harrison in ibid., p. 160.

“kick things around”: “We’d go up to a little room, get our guitars out and kick things around.” Ibid., p. 159.

“It was like a little blessing”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 174.

“was never a good song”: Sheff, Playboy Interviews, p. 148.

“a typical happy”: “Beatles Next Album,” NME, 11/13/64.

one of his favorite records: John Lennon, 1974 interview, in Anthology, p. 160.

“I told [the other Beatles]”: “Secrets of the House of Lennon,” NME, 12/4/64.

“lousy”/“sounded like an ‘A’ side”: “I said to Ringo, ‘I’ve written this song but it’s lousy.’ ” Ibid.

“a real gas”: NME, 11/27/64.

“We were just about to walk away”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 172.

“the first feedback”: Sheff, Playboy Interviews, p. 147.

“We finally took over”: John Lennon, 1973 interview, in Anthology, p. 193.

“all the deals were bad”: George Harrison in ibid., p. 290.

There was also the lingering suspicion: “There were stories of the Seltaeb people living very high off the hog in America… and at the same time not accounting and not paying to NEMS.” Geoffrey Ellis, Arena archives.

“a major ripoff”: “It had become apparent to him in London that this was just a major ripoff.” Author interview with Nat Weiss, 1/28/98.

543–44 “Seltaeb was not accounting properly”: Geoffrey Ellis, Arena archives.

J. C. Penney and Woolworth’s: “Woolworth’s returned $40 million worth of merchandise. Penney’s $28 million.” Nicky Byrne, 2/84, AGA.

“The reality is that the Beatles”: Author interview with Nat Weiss, 1/28/98.

“a Mecca for the Mods”: Hewison, Too Much, p. 71.

“I can remember going down Carnaby”: Author interview with Ray Connolly, 8/7/97.

“I can’t overpitch this”: Cohn, Today There Are No Gentlemen, p. 67.

“popocracy”: Melly, Revolt Into Style, p. 74.

“It was a shouty, lively scene”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 133.

“It was the pub”: Ibid.

“golden boy”: “I was kind of a golden boy at this point.” Author interview with Lionel Bart, 1/16/98.

“Everyone who came in”: Author interview with Colin Manley, 10/2/97.

“I’ve sold myself to the devil”: Coleman, Lennon, p. 256.

“Cynthia wanted to settle John down”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 167.

There wasn’t an ounce of love lost: “She absolutely hated John.” Author interview with Ken Partridge, 1/18/98.

“It was catastrophic for Cynthia”: Author interview with Tony Bramwell, 8/6/97.

They had bought a new Rolls-Royce: “Neither of us had passed our driving tests.” C. Lennon, A Twist, p. 119.

“I would frequently spend weeks”: Ibid., p. 122.

“sick and sleepy”: Ibid., p. 131.

“George was the worst runaround”: Author interview with Peter Brown, 12/12/97.

“wasn’t married to Jane”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 143.

“I got around quite a lot”: Ibid., p. 142.

“He was well jealous”: Ibid., p. 143.

“very impressed by… the clarity”: Ibid., p. 125.

“rubbing-up”/“They were on the way out”: Ibid., p. 127.

“the feebleness of the show”: “Beatles’ Act Great—But Not the Show,” NME, 1/1/65.

“Obviously this show”: “Time Out for the Beatles,” NME, 1/22/65.

“In the second sketch”: NME, 1/1/65.

“a mad story”: George Harrison, Beatles Book Monthly, 5/65, p. 9.

“smoking marijuana for breakfast”: Beatlefan, Nov.-Dec. 1966.

“Dick Lester knew”: Ringo Starr in Anthology, p. 169.

“In a poll”: “Closeup: Beatle Drummer,” New York Post, 2/11/64.

“I Love Ringo” badges: Clayson, Straight Man, p. 85.

“In the States, I know”: Melody Maker, 11/14/64.

how “amazed” he was: “George was amazed.” John Lennon, NME, 2/19/65.

It was a hasty, intimate affair: “The following day George and I had a meeting… and after it Brian Epstein told us ‘officially’ in his car.” “Ringo as a Married Man—By John Lennon,” NME, 2/19/65.

“going to wear radishes”: “Beatles’ Ringo Wed Quietly in London,” New York Times, 2/12/65.

RICH WED EARLY: Paul McCartney in Pritchard & Lysaght, The Beatles, p. 190.

“Maureen hated the spotlight”: Author interview with Roy Trafford, 11/3/97.

“We went to the Ad Lib”: Author interview with Marie Crawford, 11/1/97.

“He’s the marrying kind”: NME, 2/19/65.

“No matter what the consequences”: Will Wedding Bells Break Up the Beatles?” New York Sunday News, 3/15/64, p. 4.

John and Paul had written: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 193.

“twelve guitars”: Coleman, Lennon, p. 236.

“had about ten… all linked”: Wenner, Lennon Remembers, p. 128.

“We made a game of it”: Author interview with Paul McCartney, 3/21/97.

“It was a slightly new sound”: Wenner, Lennon Remembers, p. 106.

“Resentfulness, or love”: Sheff, Playboy Interviews, p. 149.

“the way Ringo played”: Ibid., p. 165.

“We sat down and wrote it together”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 193.

“John and I don’t work”: New York Herald Tribune, 12/26/65, p. 26.

John brought in most of: Miles, Paul McCartney, pp. 194–95.

“lyrical melodies dressed”: Riley, Tell Me Why, p. 20.

“impatient”/“real optimistic”: Sheff, Playboy Interviews, p. 150.

“just basically John doing Dylan”: Okun, The Compleat Beatles, vol. 2, p. 32.

“He was paranoid about”: George Harrison in Anthology, p. 173.

“He’s a good P.R. man”: Wenner, Lennon Remembers, p. 61.

“He could charm the Queen’s profile”: Author interview with Bob Wooler, 10/30/97.

“We were different”: Sheff, Playboy Interviews, p. 121.

“deep depressions”: Ibid., p. 150.

“I was fat and depressed”: Ibid.

“He was feeling a bit constricted”: Paul McCartney in Anthology, p. 171.

“retrospectively”: George Harrison in Anthology, p. 173.

“to complete it”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 199.

“non-stop” frivolous: Neil Aspinall in Anthology, p. 161.

“rather secretively”: Paul McCartney in ibid., p. 181.

“astonished”: “Beatles Astonished by Queen’s Award; Other Britons, Too,” New York Times, 6/13/65.

“The M.B.E., barely a notch above”: Author interview with Jonathon Green, 8/14/01.

“great commercial advantage”: “Furor Over Beatles,” New York Times, 6/20/65.

“doubtful if Queen Elizabeth”: Ibid.

“I was embarrassed”: Davies, Beatles, p. 207.

“It seems that the road”: The Sun (London), 6/14/65.

“irate”: “Donald Zec was irate.” Author interview with Tony Barrow, 10/30/97.

“In the name of all”: Daily Mirror, 6/14/65.

Only the Daily Telegraph: Daily Telegraph, 6/13/65.

“I am so disgusted”: “Two British Heroes Protest Award of Honors to Beatles,” New York Times, 6/16/65.

Colonel George Wagg: “Mopheads, M.B.E.,” Newsweek, 6/15/65, p. 38.

while another disgruntled war hero: New York Times, 6/20/65.

“superior authority’s wish”: “Irked by Award to Beatles, Canadian Returns Medal,” New York Times, 6/15/65.

“a strange uptempo thing”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 200.

“Auntie Gin’s Theme”: MacDonald, Revolution in the Head, p. 123.

“dragging you forward”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 200.

“larynx-tearing”: Lewisohn, Sessions, p. 59.

Ringo had already recorded: “He recorded it but they didn’t think it had worked out very well.” Alf Bicknell in Leigh, Speaking Words of Wisdom, p. 38.

“as simply as possible”: George Martin in Beatlefan, no. 86, p. 15.

“remarkably controlled”: Coleman, Yesterday & Today, p. 43.

“woke up one morning”: Paul McCartney in Anthology, p. 175.

“very nice”/“a nick”: Coleman, Yesterday & Today, p. 6.

“it was all there”: Gambaccini, In His Own Words, pp. 17–19.

“It was fairly mystical”: Coleman, Yesterday & Today, p. 7.

“He hummed it several times”: Author interview with Lionel Bart, 1/16/98.

“This one, I was convinced”: Coleman, Yesterday & Today, p. 6.

“Jane was sleeping”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 204.

“He said straightaway”: Coleman, Yesterday & Today, p. 18.

“I objected to it”: George Martin in Pritchard & Lysaght, The Beatles, p. 192.

“We tried ways of doing it”: Leigh, Speaking Words of Wisdom, p. 39.

“What about having a string accompaniment”: George Martin in Pritchard & Lysaght, The Beatles, p. 192.

“Mantovani”/“syrupy stuff”: Ibid.

“It sounded a little too gypsy-like”: Coleman, Yesterday & Today, p. 45.

“No, whatever we do”: George Martin in Anthology, p. 175.

CHAPTER 28: INTO THE COSMIC CONSCIOUSNESS

“We’ve had LSD”: George Harrison in Anthology, p. 177.

This acid… had a distinguished provenance: Goldman, Lives of John Lennon, pp. 195–96.

They got seated and ordered: Author interview with Gibson Kemp, 8/12/97.

“Suddenly I felt the most incredible feeling”: George Harrison in Anthology, p. 177.

“half crazy”: “I remember Pattie, half playfully but also half crazy, trying to smash a shop window.” Ibid.

“We didn’t know what was going on”: Wenner, Lennon Remembers, p. 73.

“We were all screaming”: Ibid.

Ringo, who was waiting: Ringo Starr in Anthology, p. 178.

“It was just terrifying”: Wenner, Lennon Remembers, p. 74.

“a light bulb”: George Harrison in Anthology, p. 179.

party with “some kids”: Author interview with Nat Weiss, 1/28/98.

“He loved the danger”: “I used to go gambling with Brian.” Author interview with Ken Partridge, 1/18/98.

“He was a heavy gambler”: Author interview with Terry Doran, 8/13/97.

Toting Francis Bacon along: Author interview with Lionel Bart, 1/16/98; also Lionel Bart, Arena archives.

“watched him drop $17,000”: Author interview with Nat Weiss, 1/28/98.

“I remember Brian putting his Dunhill”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 131.

“the guy asked Brian”: Author interview with Lionel Bart, 1/16/98.

“great purple bruises”: Author interview with Alistair Taylor, 1/17/98.

“You’re not going to believe this”: Author interview with Ken Partridge, 1/18/98.

“he came back with some hunk”: Author interview with Terry Doran, 8/13/97.

“a fantastic character”: Author interview with Don Black, 1/18/98.

“Norman Weiss… rang Brian”: Author interview with Vic Lewis, 1/20/98.

“took on”/“were crumbling”: Author interview with Tony Bramwell, 8/6/97.

“Instantly, it gave them size”: Author interview with Don Black, 1/18/98.

“run the office”: Geoffrey Ellis, 5/83, AGA.

“glorified office boy”: Author interview with Alistair Taylor, 1/17/98.

The Lucy Show: Author interview with Don Black, 1/18/98.

“We were only trying to play”: George Harrison in Anthology, p. 143.

“the shrine at Lourdes”: Author interview with Nat Weiss, 1/28/98.

“Crippled people were constantly”: Ringo Starr in Anthology, p. 142.

571–72 “he had a habit of putting”: Paul McCartney in Anthology, p. 142.

“These lads have become”: “Beatles Blamed,” NME, 7/30/65.

“I used to be”: Ibid.

“definitely not tour Britain”: “Beatles Plan to Take Long Holiday,” NME, 8/6/65.

“100 minutes”/“unfunny”: “ ‘HELP!’—But It’s Just in Fun,” NME, 7/30/65.

“We need less exposure”: “John Lennon Slams the Critics,” NME, 8/6/65.

“the Beatles had inspired”: “The Beatles Will Make the Scene Here Again, but the Scene Has Changed,” New York Times, 8/11/65, p. 40.

“Things were changing”: Paul McCartney in Anthology, p. 193.

Little did they know: “Prisoners on Floor 33,” NME, 8/20/65.

“happy hysteria”: “British Long-Hairs in City to Begin 3rd Tour of U.S.,” New York Times, 8/14/65.

“farcical affairs”: Lewisohn, The Beatles Live!, p. 185 (caption).

Governor’s Suite: “They were in the Governor’s Suite.” Author interview with Nat Weiss, 1/28/98.

“unfit to sing in public”: NME, 8/20/65.

“sensed that something strange”: Spector, Be My Baby, p. 78.

575–76 “It was alarming how hard-shelled”: Author interview with Larry Kane, 12/24/97.

Chris Hutchins remembers sitting: NME, 8/20/65.

“Four hours of constant rehearsals”: Author interview with Chris Hutchins, 8/6/97.

“one of the most amazing cities”: Larry Kane interview, “The Beatles at Shea Stadium,” 8/13/65.

“For the boys”: Author interview with Tony Barrow, 10/31/97.

“It was terrifying at first”: George Harrison in Badman, Off the Record, p. 169.

“I was caught up”: Geoffrey Ellis, 5/83, AGA.

“It [was] organized”: Bob Whitaker in Badman, Off the Record, p. 168.

Ed Sullivan, who was filming: Author interview with Larry Kane, 12/24/97.

“It seemed like millions”: Paul McCartney in Anthology, p. 186.

“Their immature lungs produced”: “Shrieks of 55,000 Accompany Beatles,” New York Times, 8/16/65.

“a dozen jets taking off”: Chris Hutchins in NME, 8/20/65.

“It’s frightening”: Ibid.

577–78 “the pulsation of the electric guitars”: New York Times, 8/16/65.

“not a minute more”: Author interview with Nat Weiss, 1/28/98.

“It was ridiculous!”: John Lennon, 1965 interview, in Badman, Off the Record, p. 169.

During two numbers: “I wasn’t sure what key I was in in two numbers.” NME, 8/20/65.

“You can see it in the film”: John Lennon, 1970 interview, in Badman, Off the Record, p. 170.

“shattered all existing”: Variety, 8/18/65.

“$100 a second”: “The Singers at Shea—$100 a Second,” New York Journal-American, 8/15/65, p. 4.

“It happens every time”: “I Watched Them Facing Death!” NME, 8/27/65.

“Flames were shooting out”: Author interview with Larry Kane, 12/24/97.

“sat silently, with fixed”: NME, 8/27/65.

Ringo, “pale-faced”: Ibid.

“Beatles, women, and children”: Ibid.

“we couldn’t relate to them”: George Harrison in Anthology, p. 190.

But Ringo was game: “We were all on acid.” Roger McGuinn in Badman, Off the Record, p. 175.

“We were all ripped”: Author interview with Peter Fonda, 7/14/99.

“The Beatles actually enjoyed”: Author interview with Tony Barrow, 10/31/97.

“great feeling”: “I got in the swimming pool and it was a great feeling.” George Harrison in Anthology, p. 190.

“He said, ‘You know, man’ ”: Author interview with Peter Fonda, 7/14/99.

“a bit wasted”: “Peter Fonda seemed to us to be a bit wasted.” Paul McCartney in Anthology, p. 190.

“they could not be responsible”: NME, 8/27/65.

“Keen to preserve their artists’ prestige”: “Elvis and Beatles!” ibid.

“laughing… all in hysterics”: George Harrison in Anthology, p. 191.

partly from nerves: “It was very exciting and we were all nervous as hell,” John Lennon, 1976 interview, in Anthology, p. 191.

“It was hero worship”: Paul McCartney in ibid.

“If you guys are just gonna”: Hutchins and Thompson, Elvis Meets the Beatles, p. 86.

“the other Cilla”: Ibid.

“We all plugged in”: John Lennon, 1976 interview, in Anthology, p. 191.

“It was a load of rubbish”: NME, 9/3/65.

a bit too “wild”: John Lennon, 1965 interview, in Anthology, p. 187.

Before the show, Wendy Hanson: Wendy Hanson, 11/27/83, AGA.

“the dreadful crush of fans”: “Paul was worried by the dreadful crush of fans.” Author interview with Tony Barrow, 10/31/97.

“Calm down!” Paul screamed: Time, 9/10/65.

Paul even stopped the show: “Grand Finale,” Newsweek, 9/10/65.

“At one point I glanced down”: Author interview with Tony Barrow, 10/31/97.

“We survived”: Newsweek, 9/10/65.

uninspired covers: NME, 10/29/65.

“a little smasher”: Time, 9/10/65.

“I won’t let Zak”: Lewisohn, 25 Years in the Life, p. 67.

EMI insisted on the date: “John and Paul… had to force themselves to come up with more than a dozen new songs.” Lewisohn, Sessions, p. 63.

The only song ready was “Wait”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 278.

“being bored”: “Paul McCartney as Songwriter,” Herald Tribune, 12/26/65, p. 26.

“You can’t be singing 15-year-old songs”: “Bards of Pop,” Newsweek, 3/24/66, p. 103.

“We were expanding”: Ringo Starr in Anthology, p. 194.

“We were suddenly hearing”: George Harrison in ibid.

They were all still influenced: “The sort of people we were listening to then were on Stax and Motown, black, American, mainly.” Paul McCartney in ibid., p. 198.

“a very bitter little story”: “Tales of Abbey Road,” Beatlefan, no. 86, p. 16.

John claimed he based the narrative: “It was about an affair I was having.” Sheff, Playboy Interviews, pp. 150–51.

“[John] had this first stanza”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 270.

“one of the stickiest”: Paul McCartney in Anthology, p. 194.

“the lyrics were disastrous”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 269.

“crap”/“too soft”: Newsweek, 3/24/66.

“like the line from ‘Respect’ ”: George Harrison in Anthology, p. 194.

“spent five hours that morning”: Sheff, Playboy Interviews, p. 163.

“I thought of myself”: John Lennon, 1967 interview, in Anthology, p. 196.

“I think… it was about the state”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 272.

“that girl—the one”: John Lennon, 1970 interview, in Anthology, p. 196.

“I had a complete set”: Sheff, Playboy Interviews, p. 151.

But by the time he was finished: “I wrote it all down, and it was so boring.” Coleman, Lennon, p. 299.

“filling out the rest”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 277.

“two speeding trains”: Author interview with John Dunbar, 1/13/98.

“feel comfortable”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 264.

“Jane’s star was rising”: Author interview with Tony Barrow, 10/31/97.

“being disillusioned”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 276.

“It’s a question of value”: Herald Tribune, 12/26/65.

“D’you remember that French”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 273.

Chet Atkins–type: Ibid.

“I had been listening to Nina”: Sheff, Playboy Interviews, p. 116.

“I was in the studio”: George Martin, Arena archives.

“Thank you, very much”: Martin, All You Need, p. 183.

“a shock to the recording”: “Beatles’ Martin in Disc Deal,” NME, 8/20/65.

“For the first time we began to think”: Lewisohn, Sessions, p. 69.

“The studio itself was full”: George Harrison in Anthology, p. 196.

“a mind-blower”: Ringo Starr in ibid., p. 197.

“He’d come up with amazing technical things”: John Lennon, 1975 interview, in ibid., p. 197.

“They were incredibly inquisitive”: George Martin, Abbey Road archives, 9/23/96.

“something baroque-sounding”: Ibid.

“just manipulations of the resources”: George Martin in Pritchard & Lysaght, The Beatles, p. 200.

“This was the departure record”: Ringo Starr in Anthology, p. 194.

“Whilst projecting [them]”: Freeman, Yesterday, p. 5.

“Well, you know they’re good”: Paul McCartney in Anthology, p. 193.

CHAPTER 29: JUST SORT OF A FREAK SHOW

“Rubber Soul broke everything”: Author interview with Steve Winwood, 6/16/97.

“Bards of Pop”: Newsweek, 3/24/66, p. 102.

“a fine mass placebo”: New York Times, 2/10/64.

“dated stuff”: New York Times, 1/4/64.

a seriously stoned Peter: “Sellers was totally off his head on pot most of the time.” Mojo, 11/95, p. 49.

The Music of Lennon and McCartney: Grenada Television archives.

“a strong hold on each other”: Woman, 12/7/69.

“all the daily newspapers”: Shotton, John Lennon in My Life, p. 101.

At night, he languished: “The Lennon Interview,” NME, 3/11/66, p. 3.

“Nothing made him happier”: Author interview with Ken Partridge, 1/18/98.

“People are saying things”: New York Times Magazine, 7/3/66, p. 13.

“It was a very free, formless time”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 218.

“wrecked”/“all these crazy ideas”: Ibid., p. 234.

“taken out of circulation”: “George Pities Paul,” NME, 1/28/66.

“have a fiddle around”: Paul McCartney in Anthology, p. 208.

“Ola Na Tungee”: Donovan in Badman, Off the Record, p. 227.

“Often you just block songs out”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 269.

“Dazzie-de-da-zu”: Paul McCartney in Anthology, p. 208.

“those words just fell out”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 282.

Eleanor Bron: “I liked the name Eleanor.” Paul McCartney in Anthology, p. 208.

“John had a fling”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 283.

Jane perform at the Old Vic: She was appearing in The Happiest Days of Your Life. Old Vic (Bristol) archives.

except for the title: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 288.

“The Americans seemed to be”: Norman Smith, Pritchard & Lysaght, The Beatles, p. 202.

“What EMI did for them”: George Martin, Arena archives.

“look over the recording studios”: “Beatles for Memphis!” NME, 4/8/66.

“the Beatles just recorded whenever”: Southall, Abbey Road, p. 97.

Paul recalled that the seed: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 229.

“Whenever in doubt”: Leary, The Psychedelic Experience, p. 14.

“I did it just like he said”: Sheff, Playboy Interviews.

“was all on the chord of C”: Paul McCartney in Anthology, p. 210.

Martin “didn’t flinch”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 291.

“rather interesting”: Paul McCartney in Anthology, p. 210.

“We worked very hard”: Paul McCartney in Pritchard & Lysaght, The Beatles, p. 209.

“It went round and round”: George Martin in ibid., p. 209.

“little symphonies”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 291.

Martin “listen[ed] to them at various speeds”: George Martin in Anthology, p. 210.

“He wanted his voice”: Ibid., p. 211.

“we suspend him from a rope”: Lewisohn, Sessions, p. 72.

“By putting his voice through that”: George Martin in Anthology, p. 211.

“It meant actually breaking”: Lewisohn, Sessions, p. 72.

Stoned—which they were: “Quite a bit of marijuana was being smoked.” Neil Aspinall in Anthology, p. 212.

“The group encouraged us”: Mojo, 1/96, p. 70.

“thousands of monks chanting”: John Lennon, 1967 interview, in Anthology, p. 211.

“knocked out”: Martin, All You Need, p. 156.

“Well, John,” Martin replied: Ibid.

“a very acoustic number”: Lewisohn, Sessions, p. 72.

“It was a song about pot”: Paul McCartney in Anthology, p. 209.

not about acid: “It actually describes his experience taking acid.” Sheff, Playboy Interviews, p. 153.

written to a great extent: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 290.

John and George repeating: Lewisohn, Sessions, p. 72.

“a definite jazz feel”: Peter Coe in ibid., p. 79.

“the mikes… right down”: Ibid.

to launch it into orbit: “You’ll really be hearing six trumpets in that coda.” Les Condon in Pritchard & Lysaght, The Beatles, p. 212.

“heavier” rock ’n roll: “Paperback Writer had a heavier sound than some earlier work.” George Martin in Anthology, p. 212.

“a guitar lick on a fuzzy, loud guitar”: Sheff, Playboy Interviews, p. 151.

The only special effect: Lewisohn, Sessions, p. 74.

was “a co-effort”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 280.

“couldn’t get a backing track”: Paul McCartney in Anthology, p. 212.

“big, ponderous, thunderous”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 280.

The Beatles were halfway through: George Harrison in Anthology, p. 213.

“I got home from the studio”: Sheff, Playboy Interviews, p. 167.

“The Beatles weren’t quite sure”: George Martin in Badman, Off the Record, p. 208.

“While they were out having a break”: George Martin, Arena archives.

“And that was awful”: Ibid.

“We were really starting to find ourselves”: Ringo Starr in Anthology, p. 212.

“We [wanted] to do something different”: John Lennon, 1974 interview, in Anthology, p. 205.

“was a bit of a surrealist”: Ibid.

“he, as an outsider”: “Meat in Money,” Record Collector, 10/94, p. 20.

“We were supposed to be sort of angels”: John Lennon, 1974 interview, in Anthology, p. 204.

“gross… and stupid”: George Harrison in ibid.

“It’s their comment on war”: Alan Livingston, Arena archives.

“we thought it was stunning”: Paul McCartney in Anthology, p. 204.

“They absolutely insist”: Alan Livingston, Arena archives.

Unfortunately for Capitol: “Over a half-a-million or so known to have been pressed.” “Meat in Money,” Record Collector, 10/94, p. 25.

“the album cover is being discarded”: Letter from Ron Tepper, 6/14/66.

“I especially pushed for it”: John Lennon, 1974 interview, in Anthology, p. 205.

“We weren’t against a little shock”: Paul McCartney in ibid., p. 204.

Clive Davis, who “thought the Beatles had peaked”: “That is a fact…. We were at Columbia and someone brought in the album cover with the dolls and meat… and Clive couldn’t deal with it.” Author interview with Nat Weiss, 1/28/98.

“awful-looking picture of us”: John Lennon, 1974 interview, in Anthology, p. 205.

“succumbed to pressure from fans”: “Beatles—Vintage ’66: The Fan’s-Eye View,” Melody Maker, 6/25/66.

“It was too much trouble”: George Harrison in Anthology, p. 214.

“Musically, we’re only just starting”: Melody Maker, 6/25/66.

Brian had promised them: Author interview with Tony Barrow, 10/31/97.

“I don’t think we even thought of”: Ringo Starr in Anthology, p. 214.

On June 16, 1966, Vic Lewis: “Vic Lewis to Tokyo,” NME, 6/10/66.

“But by 1966”: Barrow, “Manila: July 1966,” p. 2.

“And the drugs made things much worse”: Author interview with Peter Brown, 12/3/97.

uppers and Tuinal: Brown & Gaines, Love You Make, p. 181.

“a garden-variety hustler”: Author interview with Nat Weiss, 1/28/98.

“I went over [to Brian’s flat]”: Author interview with Ken Partridge, 1/18/98.

“If you show up again”: Author interview with Nat Weiss, 1/28/98.

“sweetest, most special plaything”: Author interview with Ken Partridge, 1/18/98.

“a new British sound”: Paul McCartney in Badman, Off the Record, p. 222.

“sharp, incisive jolts”: Riley, Tell Me Why, p. 183.

“studio-verité”: MacDonald, Revolution in the Head, p. 160.

“I had discovered I was paying”: George Harrison in Anthology, p. 206.

“righteous indignation”: Paul McCartney in ibid., p. 207.

“threw in a few one-liners”: John Lennon, 1968 interview, in Badman, Off the Record, p. 223.

the full symphonic treatment: “This time there were eight [musicians]—a double string quartet.” Lewisohn, Sessions, p. 77.

The song is an elegant ballad: “I was in Switzerland… and ended up in a little bathroom in a Swiss chalet writing ‘For No One.’ ” Paul McCartney in Anthology, p. 207.

gentle wisecracks: “There were funny little grammatical jokes we used to play.” Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 287.

“chains, ship’s bells, hand bells”: Geoff Emerick in Lewisohn, Sessions, p. 81.

“They had a whole crowd”: Ibid.

Abracadabra: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 269.

“Let’s just call it Rock ’n Roll Hits”: “They Love ’Em—Ja! Ja! Ja!” Melody Maker, 7/2/66.

John came up with Beatles on Safari: “Triumphant Return!” Beatles Book Monthly, 8/66, p. 7.

Paul put it up for consideration: “Paul thought of Revolver, and we hadn’t thought of anything better.” Ringo Starr in Badman, Off the Record, p. 221.

the same one that had transported Queen Elizabeth: “It was the train that was used when the royal party toured Germany.” George Harrison in Anthology, p. 215.

“We all knew each other”: Author interview with Peter Brown, 12/9/97.

“the brutality started to show”: Melody Maker, 7/2/66.

Every one of them was looking forward: “They were excited to get back to Hamburg.” Author interview with Peter Brown, 12/9/97.

“[they’d] got famous in the meantime”: Paul McCartney in Anthology, p. 215.

“How about Bettina”: “Beatles Return to Hamburg,” NME, 7/2/66.

“[A] lot of old ghosts materialized”: George Harrison in Anthology, p. 215.

“the best present I’ve had”: “Beatles Return to Hamburg,” NME, 7/2/66.

“What kind of questions are these?”: Beatles press conference, Hamburg, 6/26/66.

“soft questions”: “You look too old to ask soft questions like that,” John snapped at a reporter in Japan. Tokyo press conference, 6/30/66.

“Christianity will go”: London Evening Standard, 3/4/66.

The article was picked up on April 13: “Our Fearless Correspondent,” San Francisco Chronicle, 4/13/66.

“The trouble with government”: “Lennon on Elections,” Disc, 4/2/66.

Uh-oh, the reporter thought: “The press was still protecting the Beatles.” Author interview with Tony Barrow, 10/31/97.

“As far as these hooligans were concerned”: Author interview with Vic Lewis, 1/20/98.

George Harrison had been forewarned: “I remember when George was in Germany he got a letter saying…” George Martin in Anthology, p. 216.

And a steady stream of letters flowed: Author interview with Tony Bramwell, 9/8/97.

“We always had to deal with these nuts”: Author interview with Peter Brown, 12/9/97.

“was turned into an armed camp”: Brown & Gaines, Love You Make, p. 202.

“All the other bedrooms”: Author interview with Vic Lewis, 1/20/98.

“We were locked up”: Paul McCartney in Anthology, p. 215.

“It was their first time”: Author interview with Peter Brown, 12/9/97.

Especially with Brian and Brown: “I met a guy at the pool” and “I picked up a Japanese boy and brought him back [to the hotel].” Both ibid.

617–18 “yellow shirts and natty bottle-green suits”: Paul McCartney in Anthology, p. 216.

“like a military maneuver”: George Harrison in ibid.

“The drive was absolutely eerie”: Author interview with Vic Lewis, 1/20/98.

“The audience was very subdued”: Ringo Starr in Anthology, p. 216.

“There were one or two screamers”: Brown & Gaines, Love You Make, p. 203.

“I couldn’t believe what I was seeing”: Mojo, 1/96, p. 54.

“Those little briefcases”: Neil Aspinall in Anthology, p. 217.

“Our bags were on the runway”: George Harrison in ibid.

“You fucking idiot!”: Author interview with Vic Lewis, 1/20/98.

Tony Barrow thinks it was “unlikely”: Author interview with Tony Barrow, 10/31/97. Also “I doubt if he even read it thoroughly or ever noticed the crucial suggestion that the Beatles might ‘call in on [Imelda Marcos].’ ” Barrow, “Manila: July 1966,” p. 9.

Peter Brown has a distinct recollection: “It was in Japan that we got the invitation to the palace. It came from Tony, and Brian’s answer was ‘regret.’ ” Author interview with Peter Brown, 12/9/97.

“President Marcos, the First Lady, and the three”: Manila Sunday Times, 7/3/66.

“This is not a request”: Author interview with Vic Lewis, 1/20/98.

“in the interest of diplomacy”: “He told us… I recommend that you go.” Author interview with Peter Brown, 12/9/97.

“Well, we were fucking right”: Ibid.

“organized troublemakers”: “This left our stationary cars at the mercy of organized troublemakers.” Barrow, “Manila: July 1966,” p. 15.

“Drive on! Go through the people”: Author interview with Vic Lewis, 1/20/98.

“Your fee is taxed”: Ibid.

“Oh, dear!” he thought: Paul McCartney in Anthology, p. 220.

“things started to get really weird”: Ringo Starr in ibid.

“The passageway was lined”: Author interview with Peter Brown, 12/9/97.

“Nobody would give us a ride”: George Harrison in Anthology, p. 220.

“The atmosphere was scary”: Barrow, “Manila: July 1966,” p. 17.

“We were shitting ourselves”: Author interview with Peter Brown, 12/9/97.

“I didn’t fancy the chances”: Barrow, “Manila: July 1966,” p. 18.

“I really felt the boys could be killed”: Author interview with Vic Lewis, 1/20/98.

“We were all carrying amplifiers”: George Harrison in Anthology, p. 220.

“an abusive crowd and police”: Author interview with Peter Brown, 12/9/97.

“they started spitting”: Ringo Starr in Anthology, p. 220.

“When they started on us”: “Lennon: I Thought I Was Going to Get Hurt,” Disc & Music Echo, 7/16/66.

623–24 “You treat like ordinary passenger!”: John Lennon, 1966 interview, in Anthology, p. 220.

“was Brian’s cock-up”: John Lennon, 1972 interview, in ibid. And “we didn’t feel it was our cock-up.” Paul McCartney in ibid.

“seizing with tension”: Author interview with Peter Brown, 12/9/97.

Lewis was concerned: “Vic wanted to make sure he got the $17,000.” Author interview with Nat Weiss, 1/28/98.

“It was just sort of a freak show”: John Lennon, 1969 interview, in Anthology, p. 229.

“Who fucking needs this?”: “It was in Delhi that the Beatles started discussing not touring anymore. It was ‘Who fucking needs this?’ ” Author interview with Peter Brown, 12/9/97.

“four waxwork dummies”: I reckon we could send out four waxwork dummies.” John Lennon, 1966 interview, in Anthology, p. 229.

“I prefer to be out of the public eye”: Melody Maker, 6/25/66.

“And they decided then and there”: Neil Aspinall in Anthology, p. 229.

“It wasn’t like the boys”: Author interview with Tony Barrow, 10/31/97.

“You’d better get on top of this”: Wendy Hanson, 11/27/84, AGA.

CHAPTER 30: A STORM IN A TEACUP

blasphemous: “We Love John and God!” Melody Maker, 8/19/66.

“Beatle Burnings”: Anthology, p. 224 (illustration).

“so it’s no sweat off us”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 294.

KZEE… “damned their songs”: Time, 8/12/66, p. 38.

a Baptist minister in Cleveland: Pritchard & Lysaght, The Beatles, p. 218.

“joining stations… in Massachusetts”: “Beatles Manager Here to Quell Storm Over Remarks on Jesus,” New York Times, 8/6/66.

“We were being told”: Author interview with Tony Barrow, 10/31/97; “There were threats that John would be shot.” Author interview with Alistair Taylor, 1/17/98.

“didn’t really take it too seriously”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 293.

“a storm in a teacup”: “Are the Beatles Safe in America?” NME, 8/12/66.

“The moment he got in the car”: Author interview with Nat Weiss, 1/28/98.

“were taken completely out of context”: Ibid.

“He did not mean to boast”: Press release, Maureen Cleave, 8/8/66.

Brian “request[ed] emphatically no [further] comment”: Telegram from Brian Epstein to Wendy Hanson, 8/5/66.

“were having a field day”: George Harrison in Anthology, p. 225.

“I’d forgotten [all about it]”: John Lennon, 1966 interview in Anthology, p. 225.

“Tell them to get stuffed”: Coleman, Lennon, p. 313.

“It went back and forth”: Author interview with Nat Weiss, 1/28/98.

“One thing seems certain”: “Beatles Create a New Nursery Rhyme,” NME, 7/29/66, p. 3.

“The 100 Greatest Albums”: Mojo, 1/96, p. 70.

“scaling of new musical peaks”: “1966 Band on the Run,” Q, pp. 86–87.

“We’re not trying to pass off as kids”: John Lennon, 1966 interview, in Anthology, p. 229.

NME reported… nine shipped: NME, 7/29/66; and “More Beatles LP Covers,” 8/12/66.

“And so Brian… kept asking”: Ringo Starr in Anthology, p. 226.

“We were nervous”: Author interview with Tony Barrow, 8/30/97.

“feared the Beatles might be assassinated”: Coleman, Lennon, p. 314.

“I’ll do anything”: Ibid.

“never seen John so nervous”: Paul McCartney in Anthology, p. 226.

“If I’d have said, ‘Television’ ”: Beatles press conference, Chicago, 8/11/66.

“quite prepared to let the Lennon affair”: “Stern Reply to Lennon Knocker,” NME, 8/19/66.

In Cleveland, especially: “3000 Fans Rush Stage, Force Beatles to Retreat,” Cleveland Plain Dealer, 8/15/66.

“given the order”: Bess Coleman, Teen Life, 9/66.

“By the time we got to Memphis”: Author interview with Tony Barrow, 8/31/97.

“Brian was very nervous”: Author interview with Nat Weiss, 1/28/98.

“If we cancel one”: “I heard Paul tell him…” Author interview with Tony Barrow, 8/31/97.

“the flight from Boston to Memphis”: Tashian, Ticket, p. 65.

“So this is where all the Christians come from”: “I was sitting next to John and Paul. John looked out the window and said…” Author interview with Nat Weiss, 1/28/98.

“Send John out first”: TeenSet, 9/66.

“Driving into Memphis”: Tashian, Ticket, p. 133.

“I will never forget… we pulled”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 294.

“The Beatles smiled through it all”: Commercial Appeal (Memphis), 8/20/66.

“Everyone started to relax”: “On Tour with the Beatles,” TeenSet, 9/66.

“when he heard [the blast]”: Ibid.

Two teenagers had lobbed: “Bang Joins Shrieks in Beatle Show,” Commercial Appeal (Memphis), 8/20/66.

“It was clear from the start”: Author interview with Lionel Bart, 1/16/98.

“I’ve noticed that George”: “American Eye-View,” Melody Maker, 8/27/66.

“It had been four years of legging”: George Harrison in Anthology, p. 229.

“Nobody was listening”: Ringo Starr in Anthology, p. 227.

“was fed up playing”: Ibid., p. 229.

Conditions were so pitiful: “I remember Ringo’s drums moving around, and he would get up and move them back.” Tashian, Ticket, p. 70.

“I didn’t want to tour”: John Lennon, 1980 interview, in Anthology, p. 228.

“the music was dead”: Wenner, Lennon Remembers, p. 46.

It rained before showtime: “It started pouring just before showtime.” “Double-Header with the Beatles,” Cincinnati Post and Times-Star, 8/22/66.

“They’d brought in the electricity”: George Harrison in Anthology, p. 227.

“It was really scary”: “The promoter was so cheap he only put a canvas canopy over the stage.” Author interview with Nat Weiss, 1/28/98.

“the only gig we ever missed”: George Harrison in Anthology, p. 227.

“a couple bits of corrugated iron”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 294.

“There were sparks flying”: Tashian, Ticket, p. 134.

“to pull it whenever the first person”: Ibid.

“We were sliding around”: Paul McCartney in Anthology, p. 227.

Even Paul admitted he’d had enough: “Oh, God, who needs this?” Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 294.

“had become spiritually rather empty”: Ibid., p. 249.

“We didn’t make a formal announcement”: Ringo Starr in Anthology, p. 229.

“Good news… Diz is here”: Author interview with Nat Weiss, 1/28/98.

“half a dozen or so billets-doux”: Brown & Gaines, Love You Make, p. 215.

“a suicidal depression”: Author interview with Nat Weiss, 1/29/98.

“It was not the sort of night”: Author interview with Tony Barrow, 10/31/97.

with 25,000 die-hard Beatles fans: “Beatles’ Closing Concert on Coast Attracts 25,000,” New York Times, 8/31/66.

“being jolted from head to toe”: Tashian, Ticket, p. 118.

“sounding like clouds bursting”: “Remembering the Night the Beatles Played Candlestick,” San Francisco Chronicle, 8/29/86, p. 23.

“totally familiar studio recorded versions”: “Beatles Strike Out at Ball Park,” San Francisco Examiner, 8/30/66.

“John and Paul say exactly”: Author interview with Tony Barrow, 8/31/97.

“a puppet show”: San Francisco Chronicle, 8/29/86, p. 23.

“I was thinking, ‘This is going to be’ ”: George Harrison in Anthology, p. 229.

“Right—that’s it”: Author interview with Tony Barrow, 8/31/97.

“Is Beatlemania Dead?”: Time, 9/2/66.

Derek Taylor, writing: Melody Maker, 11/26/66.

“impact… and mythology”: “The Beatles Break,” Sunday Times, 11/13/66.

“hanging around”: “And as anybody knows about film work, there’s a lot of hanging around.” Sheff, Playboy Interviews, p. 130.

“He loathed the endless waiting”: Coleman, Lennon, p. 320.

“It was pretty damn boring”: John Lennon in Badman, Off the Record, p. 251.

“He used to sit cross-legged”: Michael Crawford in ibid., p. 250.

“conjuring up a hazy impressionistic”: Martin, Summer of Love, p. 14.

“psychoanalysis set to music”: John Lennon, 1970 interview, in Anthology, p. 231.

“an old Victorian house”: Sheff, Playboy Interviews, pp. 131–32.

“It [provided] an escape”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 307.

“There was something about the place”: Goldman, Lives of John Lennon, p. 255.

“I took the name… as an image”: Sheff, Playboy Interviews, p. 131.

“travel incognito, disguised”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 295.

“to ease the pressure”: Ibid., p. 296.

“Let’s not be ourselves”: Ibid., p. 303.

“put some distance between”: Sheff, Playboy Interviews, p. 166.

“We would be Sgt. Pepper’s band”: Paul McCartney in Anthology, p. 241.

“I had gone through so many trips”: George Harrison in ibid.

“You’ve got to be connected spiritually”: Author interview with Arthur Kelly, 1/10/98.

“feeling would begin to vibrate”: “Soon this feeling would begin to vibrate right through me and started getting bigger and bigger and faster and faster.” Giuliano, Dark Horse, p. 92.

“hung out with him”: Ringo Starr in Anthology, p. 231.

“he offered to give me some instruction”: Giuliano, Dark Horse, p. 93.

“how to sit and hold the sitar”: George Harrison in Anthology, p. 233.

Shankar’s “disciple”: “George had not come as a Beatle but as my disciple.” Shankar, My Music, My Life.

“Sometimes [George] would play”: Giuliano, Dark Horse, p. 95.

“harmonizing with a greater power”: Ibid., p. 93.

“by various holy men”: George Harrison in Anthology, p. 233.

“Ravi and the sitar were excuses”: Ibid.

“blood money”: “Just give him his blood money.” Brown & Gaines, Love You Make, p. 216.

“Don’t do anything else”: Author interview with Nat Weiss, 1/28/98.

“just indulging himself”: Author interview with Peter Brown; Arena archives.

“morbid,” often incoherent: Brown & Gaines, Love You Make, p. 217.

“Nothing I said or did”: Author interview with Peter Brown, 12/9/97.

The collapse, when it eventually came: “I didn’t see it coming.” Ibid.

“I stayed in the library”: Ibid., 12/2/97.

“a foolish accident”: Brown & Gaines, Love You Make, p. 217.

“I can’t deal with this anymore”: Peter Brown, Arena archives.

“But none of us, however shortsighted”: Author interview with Nat Weiss, 1/28/98.

“You must be mad!”: Author interview with Ken Partridge, 1/18/98.

“He wanted to be Ziegfeld”: Author interview with Don Black, 1/18/98.

“terrible” musical: Ibid.

“During the week, we had Gilbert and Sullivan”: Author interview with Tony Bramwell, 8/6/97.

an ominous melancholy: “When John came back, he was in a serious funk.” Author interview with Tony Barrow, 10/31/97.

“There was so much going on”: Author interview with John Dunbar, 1/13/98.

The future of the Beatles: “At some time or other that’s when I really started considering life without the Beatles—what would it be?” John Lennon, 1980 interview, in Anthology, p. 231.

“There were all those Chelsea people”: Green, Days in the Life, p. 76.

“We never had a painting as such”: Aitken, The Young Meteors.

to “liberate art as a commodity”: Author interview with John Dunbar, 1/13/98.

“a real happening”: “I told him it would be a real happening.” Ibid.

“I thought, ‘Hmm,’ you know, ‘sex’ ”: John Lennon, 1980 interview, in Anthology, p. 235.

“Well, watching telly”: Green, Days in the Life, p. 79.

“I was in a highly unshaved… state”: John Lennon, 1980 interview, in Anthology, p. 235.

sat in the car for “some time”: Les Anthony, 3/87, AGA.

“bullshit and phony”: Peter McCabe interview, 7/71, AGA.

“When he came in, it was like”: Author interview with John Dunbar, 1/13/98.

“flittering around like crazy”: Sheff, Playboy Interviews, p. 86.

“mirror to see your behind”: Unfinished Paintings and Objects, Indica Gallery catalogue.

“Is this stuff for real?”: Author interview with John Dunbar, 1/13/98.

“This is a joke”: Sheff, Playboy Interviews, p. 86.

“It looked like a black canvas”: Wenner, Lennon Remembers, pp. 173–74.

“You take a magnifying glass”: Peter McCabe interview, 7/71.

“I argued strongly”: Author interview with John Dunbar, 1/13/98.

“Okay, you can hammer”: Sheff, Playboy Interviews, p. 88.

“I’ll give you an imaginary”: Coleman, Lennon, p. 327.

“My God,” she thought: Peter McCabe interview, 7/71.

“John was a fun drug-taker”: Author interview with Terry Doran, 8/13/97.

“first high-voltage superblues group”: Dalton & Kaye, Rock 100, p. 122.

“Show business will vibrate”: “Beach Boys Beat Beatles,” NME, 12/3/66.

“We’re all four fans”: “Paul and Ringo Talk about the Beatles,” NME, 12/31/66.

“This idea of jealousy”: Ibid.

pure “rubbish”: Ibid.

“two of the Beatles had approached”: Sunday Telegraph, 11/18/66.

“I think we were itching to get going”: Paul McCartney in Anthology, p. 237.

“it was absolutely lovely”: George Martin interview, 12/5/80, in Okun, The Compleat Beatles, p. 40.

“I was spellbound”: Martin, Summer of Love, pp. 13–14.

Martin cursed himself: “Oh, how I wish I had caught that very first run-through on tape and released it!” Ibid., p. 14.

which took over forty-five hours: Lewisohn, Sessions, pp. 87–90.

“about 80% separately written”: Ringo Starr in Anthology, p. 237.

“creative rivalry”: Martin, Summer of Love, p. 70.

“were often answering each other’s songs”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 307.

“John and I would often meet”: Ibid.

“in the middle of the roundabout”: Lyric fragment from “Penny Lane.”

its euphonious name: “He’d been toying with the idea of writing a song called ‘Penny Lane’ because he liked the poetry of the name.” Lewisohn, Sessions, p. 91.

“painted in an exploding psychedelic”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 259.

“more like a play”: Paul McCartney in Anthology, p. 237.

“The lyrics were all based”: Ibid.

“a small collection of gems”: Martin, Summer of Love, p. 26.

“rooty-tooty variety”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 319.

Beatles performed at the Cavern: Lewisohn, Sessions, p. 89.

“a bit of a shock”: George Harrison in Anthology, p. 239.

“an old trap”: Ibid.

“Quiet honestly,” he admitted: “Most Way-Out Beatles Ever,” NME, 2/11/67.

“the Beatles have developed into”: “Other Noises, Other Notes,” Time, 3/3/67.

“The people who have bought our records”: John Lennon, 1967 interview, in Anthology, p. 241.

CHAPTER 31: A VERY FREAKY EXPERIENCE

“cheerful music for dope smokers”: Ward, Rock of Ages, p. 330.

the Beatles’ “playground”: “They loved the whole process of recording: the studio was a playground.” Martin, Summer of Love, p. 68.

“every trick brought out”: George Martin in Anthology, p. 242.

“because he wanted to sound like Elvis”: Martin, Summer of Love, p. 53.

“dry, deadpan voice”: Ibid., p. 55.

“I noticed two stories”: Sheff, Playboy Interviews, p. 155.

“The verse about the politician”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 324.

“funny… little references”: George Martin in Pritchard & Lysaght, The Beatles, p. 241.

“a little party piece”: Paul McCartney in Anthology, p. 247.

“It was a crazy song”: Ibid.

“We’ll tell the orchestra”: Ibid.

“something really tumultuous”: Martin, Summer of Love, p. 53.

“But ninety musicians”: Ibid., p. 56.

“with little or no input”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 310.

the theme of which John pinched: Sheff, Playboy Interviews, p. 155.

“The top was all dark”: Julian Lennon in Pritchard & Lysaght, The Beatles, p. 238.

“Wow, fantastic title!”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 311.

“very trippy”: Ibid., p. 312.

John had already begun playing: “The imagery was Alice in the boat.” Sheff, Playboy Interviews, p. 154.

“swapping psychedelic suggestions”: Paul McCartney in Anthology, p. 242.

“trading words off each other”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 312.

“People were running around”: Martin, Summer of Love, p. 58.

“orchestral orgasm”: Ibid., p. 60.

“It was… remarkable”: Author interview with Ron Richards, 12/29/97.

“I just can’t believe it”: Lewisohn, Sessions, p. 96.

“a gigantic piano chord”: Martin, Summer of Love, p. 61.

Daniel Barenboim’s piano: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 321.

It took nine attempts: Lewisohn, Sessions, p. 99.

Newsweek’s critic: Jack Kroll, “The Beatles’ Waste Land,” Newsweek.

“got mixed together”: Paul McCartney in Anthology, p. 247.

“very productive period”: Mojo, 11/95, p. 84.

“assembly[-line] process”: George Harrison in Anthology, p. 242.

“I was in a real big depression”: Interview with Barry Miles.

Food no longer interested him: “John said he wasn’t eating much and was on a vegetarian diet.” Coleman, Lennon, p. 334.

“it was becoming almost impossible”: C. Lennon, A Twist, p. 142.

“tensions, bigotry, and bad temper”: Ibid.

“I know Brian was convinced”: Author interview with Tony Barrow, 10/31/97.

gone broke in the process: “Here was a man who had been bankrupt twice.” Author interview with Nat Weiss, 1/28/98.

“borrowed money from EMI”: Author interview with Peter Brown, 12/9/97.

“It was quite simple”: Robert Stigwood, Arena archives.

“sound younger… and be a teenager”: Martin, Summer of Love, p. 35.

“joining up”: “Once, he told me he thought of joining up. But I’m sure it was another boyhood thing.” Author interview with Pete Shotton, 7/16/98.

“It said the Hendersons”: John Lennon, 1967 interview, in Anthology, p. 243.

“Almost the whole song was written”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 318.

wanted a “fairground sound”: “The fairground sound, suggested by John…” Ibid.

“smell the sawdust”: Lewisohn, Sessions, p. 99.

“a pumping kind of sound”: Martin, Summer of Love, p. 91.

“I selected two-minute segments”: Ibid.

“but, amazingly, they came back”: Lewisohn, Sessions, p. 99.

“John was thrilled to bits”: Martin, Summer of Love, p. 91.

Paul had written during a nighttime walk: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 320.

“the one hard drug used”: Ibid., p. 383.

“I used to have a bit of coke”: Ibid., p. 384.

“looking back on it, Pepper”: Coleman, Lennon, p. 335.

John told Jann Wenner: “I never took it in the studio.” Wenner, Lennon Remembers, p. 76.

“accidental trip”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 385.

“By mistake this night”: Ibid., p. 382.

“I suddenly got so scared”: Wenner, Lennon Remembers, p. 76.

“George, I’m not feeling too good”: Martin, Summer of Love, p. 109.

“swaying gently against my arm”: Ibid.

“I thought, Maybe this is the moment”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 382.

“a guy who wasn’t keen”: Ibid., p. 381.

“I always knew I’d have to keep”: Ibid., p. 185.

“spacy”/“very, very deeply emotional experience”: Ibid., pp. 380–81.

“It was a very freaky experience”: Ibid., p. 383.

“They ran down to the studio”: Lewisohn, Sessions, p. 109.

“Couldn’t really be any other”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 332.

“We had certainly not intended”: Ibid., pp. 332–33.

“We wanted the sleeve”: Paul McCartney in Anthology, p. 248.

His best customers: Hewison, Too Much, p. 70.

“the most formative influence”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 243.

“not good art”: “He said, ‘It’s not good art.’ ” Paul McCartney in Anthology, p. 248.

“In years to come”: Peter Blake, 8/83, AGA.

“No, not very much”: Ibid.

“It was just a broad spectrum”: George Harrison in Anthology, p. 252.

“naughty” little choice: “That was John’s sense of humor. There had been the Christ controversy… so I think it was just John being naughty again.” Peter Blake in Pritchard & Lysaght, The Beatles, p. 245.

Hitler—which managed to piss off Paul: “I didn’t agree with it, but he was just trying to be far-out really.” Paul McCartney in ibid.

“Whatever the others have”: Ringo Starr in Pritchard & Lysaght, The Beatles, p. 244; Peter Blake, 8/83, AGA.

The legwork was left: “… so Mal and I went to all the different libraries.” Neil Aspinall in Anthology, p. 248.

“We made a rough kind of wooden frame”: Peter Blake, 8/83, AGA.

“so the delivery boy”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 344.

“We just chose oddball things”: Paul McCartney in Anthology, p. 248.

“with goodies”: “So we wanted to pack it with goodies.” Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 340.

But production costs rendered: “It was a packaging problem.” Peter Blake in Pritchard & Lysaght, The Beatles, p. 245.

“Joe Lockwood was furious”: Robert Fraser, AGA (undated).

that photo of Hitler: “Hitler is a definite no.” Martin, Summer of Love, p. 118.

“take Gandhi out”: Norman, Shout!, p. 291.

“We have some problems”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 338.

“It had the flowers”: Neil Aspinall in Anthology, p. 248.

friction between Brian and Robert Stigwood: “Brian had become disillusioned with Stigwood.” Author interview with Nat Weiss, 1/28/98.

“He certainly couldn’t handle them”: Author interview with Alistair Taylor, 1/17/98.

“fell in love”: “Robert fell in love with them, especially with Barry Gibb.” Author interview with Peter Brown, 12/10/97.

“Brian became annoyed”: Author interview with Nat Weiss, 1/28/98.

Shirley Temple… wanted to approve: Anthology, p. 251.

“What would I be doing”: Peter Blake, 8/83, AGA.

CHAPTER 32: THE SUMMER OF LOVE

getting stoned with the Jefferson: “We went over to their place, smoking pot.” Author interview with Nat Weiss, 1/28/98.

“golden… far-out”: Paul McCartney in Anthology, p. 254.

“the idea tumbled together”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 350.

“Everyone would spend time”: Ibid.

“I still felt every now and then”: John Lennon in Anthology, p. 272.

“enjoyed the fish and chip quality”: Fawcett, John Lennon: One Day at a Time, p. 92.

“We didn’t see any way”: George Harrison in Anthology, p. 272.

“Nobody quite knows”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 353.

“McCartney arrived at the studio”: MacDonald, Revolution in the Head, p. 203.

“references to drugs”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 353.

“the worst kind of musical cliché”: Riley, Tell Me Why, p. 237.

When the Beatles returned: Lewisohn, Sessions, p. 111.

“a combination of two separate”: Sheff, Playboy Interviews, p. 155.

unable “to resist singing”: MacDonald, Revolution in the Head, p. 206.

“He knew he had to confront it”: Author interview with Peter Brown, 12/10/97.

“positively sick”: Ibid.

Paul felt strongly: He considered the Dick James deal “draconian.” Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 146.

“What about us?”: “Yeah, well Klein got the Stones a million and a quarter, didn’t he?” Brown & Gaines, Love You Make, p. 248.

“fast-talking, dirty-mouthed”: Ibid., p. 247.

Brian refused to shake hands: Author interview with Nat Weiss, 1/28/98.

“fucked-up and all hazy”: “… which is what those pill do to you…” Author interview with Peter Brown, 12/9/97.

“felt that more and more”: Joanne Newfield Petersen, Arena archives.

“One night Peter had been”: Author interview with Nat Weiss, 1/28/98.

“a rather grand farmhouse”: Author interview with Peter Brown, 12/9/97.

“more irrational, more incoherent”: Robert Stigwood, Arena archives.

“isolated themselves, not only”: Daily Mail, 5/12/67.

a small but “grandiose” party: “It was done in a very grandiose way.” Author interview with Peter Brown, 12/10/97.

“very Waspish, a real anti-Semitic Jew”: Author interview with Jerry Leiber, 7/11/95.

“She always insisted”: Author interview with Nat Weiss, 1/28/98.

it is more likely that they met: “The night I met Linda I was at the Bag o’ Nails,” Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 432.

“the hottest ticket in town”: Martin, Summer of Love, p. 152.

“Besides… I thought she was cute”: Author interview with Peter Brown, 12/10/97.

“zero[ing] in on Paul”: Brown & Gaines, Love You Make, p. 247.

“couldn’t help but notice”: Author interview with Tony Barrow, 10/31/97.

“resembled an animated Victorian”: Melody Maker, 5/27/67.

“looked haggard, old”: Coleman, Lennon, p. 334.

“like someone out of a Scott Fitzgerald novel”: Melody Maker, 5/27/67.

“could be considered to have drug-taking implications”: BBC press release, 5/17/67.

“He’d decided this”: Author interview with Peter Brown, 12/10/97.

“perhaps all week”: “We picked Derek and Joan up after an all-night (or all week)… LSD trip.” George Harrison in D. Taylor, Fifty Years, p. 298.

“Everyone was getting along”: Author interview with Peter Brown, 12/9/97.

“The minute you walked through”: Author interview with Lionel Bart, 1/16/98.

“the mad hatter’s tea party”: C. Lennon, A Twist, p. 145.

Peter Brown reports: Brown & Gaines, Love You Make, p. 255.

“she hadn’t taken anything”: D. Taylor, Fifty Years, p. 301.

“Wasn’t that always the case”: Author interview with Peter Brown, 12/10/97.

“Paul… didn’t… come”: Brown & Gaines, Love You Make, p. 254.

“This was to have been for Paul”: D. Taylor, Fifty Years, p. 300.

“I was downright scared”: Martin, Summer of Love, p. 151.

“remarkable”/“tremendous advance”: Sunday Times, 6/3/67.

“Any of these songs”: The Times (London), 6/4/67.

“They think for themselves”: NME, 5/27/67.

“Over the last four years”: “From Us to You,” NME, 6/10/67.

“equal to any song”: “The Messengers,” Time, 9/22/67, p. 122.

“Unfortunately, there is no apparent”: “We still Need the Beatles, But…,” New York Times, 6/18/67.

“a historic departure”: Time, 9/22/67, p. 128.

a staggering 2,500,000 copies: sales figures from Melody Maker, 6/10/67.

“second renaissance”: Red Robinson in Pritchard & Lysaght, The Beatles, p. 246.

“they had the pulse”: Murray the K in ibid.

“the nutters”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 332.

“missionaries”: New York Times Magazine, 5/7/67.

697–98 “messengers from beyond”: “The Messengers,” Time, 9/22/67, p. 128.

“progenitors of a Pop”: New York Times, 6/18/67.

“The Beatles weren’t the leaders”: Paul McCartney in Anthology, p. 253.

“Even when the others weren’t”: Author interview with Tony Barrow, 10/31/97.

“Paul needs an audience”: Davies, Beatles, p. 280.

“the cock who crowed”: Ibid., p. 370.

“I’m either going to bluff”: Paul McCartney in Anthology, p. 255.

“About four times”: ITN footage, printed transcript, 6/19/67.

“The press had a field day”: George Harrison in Anthology, p. 255.

“No one knew why Paul”: Author interview with Alistair Taylor, 1/18/98.

“We weren’t actually telling anybody”: Ringo Starr in Anthology, p. 255.

“I thought Paul should”: George Harrison in ibid.

“I think LSD helped”: Melody Maker, 6/23/67.

Several months earlier, the BBC-1: “Beatles-World TV,” NME, 5/27/67.

Paul had been working on: George Martin in Pritchard & Lysaght, The Beatles, p. 251.

“seemed to fit with the overall concept”: Ibid.

“keep it simple”: Lewisohn, Sessions, p. 116.

“Well, it’s certainly repetitive”: “All You Need Is Love,” Beatles Book Monthly, 7/87, p. 4.

“We must do some preparation”: George Martin in Pritchard & Lysaght, The Beatles, p. 251.

“make it a strict condition”: Beatles Book Monthly, 7/87, p. 5.

on the eve of the broadcast: “I went off in the evening to find guests for the next day.” Tony Bramwell in Badman, Off the Record, p. 292.

“Everyone I asked jumped”: Author interview with Tony Bramwell, 8/8/97.

“By 7pm [on June 25]”: Beatles Book Monthly, 7/87, p. 7.

“It was so bloody heavy”: Ringo Starr in Anthology, p. 257.

“too out of sorts”: Author interview with Peter Brown, 12/10/97.

“zonked”: Bryan Barrett, Arena archives.

on one amazing bill in early June: Lewisohn, 25 Years in the Life, p. 91.

“The idea was that you’d have”: Neil Aspinall in Anthology, p. 258.

According to several well-placed insiders: Author interview with Alistair Taylor, 1/18/98; also author interviews with Peter Brown, 12/12/97, and John Dunbar, 1/13/98.

the son of a major: Goldman, Lives of John Lennon, p. 295.

Magic Alex, as John dubbed him: “This is my new guru, Magic Alex.” Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 374.

“Alex wasn’t magic”: George Harrison in Anthology, p. 258.

“Magic Alex invented invisible paint”: Ringo Starr in ibid., p. 290.

“We didn’t really call anyone’s bluff”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 375.

paying £95,000: Brown & Gaines, Love You Make, p. 261.

“my earthly age”: “The Guru,” Newsweek, 12/18/67, p. 67.

Later he fell under the spell: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 402.

“a method of quickly and easily”: Davies, Beatles, p. 232.

Ringo was visiting Maureen: “At that time, Maureen was in hospital having Jason and I was visiting.” Ringo Starr in Anthology, p. 260.

“After having such an intense”: George Harrison in Anthology, p. 263.

“a little bit of emptiness”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 400.

“He said that by meditating”: Ibid., pp. 401–2.

“to further the experience”: George Harrison in Anthology, p. 262.

“thought he made a lot”: Paul McCartney in ibid., p. 260.

“It takes time to come down”: John Lennon in Badman, Off the Record, p. 301.

CHAPTER 33: FROM BAD TO WORSE

Brian was also invited: “Brian was going to come at some point… he was going to join us there.” Paul McCartney, Arena archives.

John making the call himself: “John called Brian late that night.” Author interview with Peter Brown, 12/10/97.

“It was the best damn thing”: Author interview with Bryan Barrett, 1/9/98.

a staging of three short comedies: “3 Bellow Plays Are Precipitated,” New York Times, 3/8/66.

“That very weekend”: Author interview with Tony Barrow, 10/31/97.

“four or five young… guys”: Author interview with Peter Brown, 12/10/97.

“I was struggling”: “Cynthia Lennon: In Her Own Words,” Hello!, 5/28/94.

George drew the blinds: Davies, Beatles, p. 231.

“Tell him to let you on!”: C. Lennon, A Twist, p. 147.

Peter Brown put an arm: “I put her into Neil’s car.” Author interview with Peter Brown, 12/10/97.

“You just sit there”: John Lennon, 1967 interview, in Anthology, p. 261.

“like a prescription”: George Harrison in ibid., p. 263.

“It has been specifically chosen”: Author interview with Pete Shotton, 1/19/98.

Mal Evans divulged that his mantra: “We found out we all had the same word.” Ibid.

“you get a sniff”: John Lennon, 1968 interview, in Anthology, p. 261.

“divertissement”: Brown & Gaines, Love You Make, p. 268.

“something of a tight ass”: Author interview with Peter Brown, 12/10/97.

“Many bottles of wine”: Brown & Gaines, Love You Make, p. 268.

“Clearly, he’d just woken up”: “He said that he had gone to bed late and take [sic] quite a number of sleeping pills.” Peter Brown, H. M. Coroner’s Report, B. S. Epstein, 9/9/67.

“It wasn’t unusual for Brian”: Joanne Newfield Petersen, Arena archives.

“So? What’s new?”: Author interview with Alistair Taylor, 1/17/98.

John Gallway arrived: time determined by H. M. Coroner’s Report, 9/9/67.

Blood streamed from his nose: Inspector George Howlett in ibid.

“Is there any brandy”: Joanne Newfield Petersen, Arena archives.

“He’s lying on the bed”: Author interview with Peter Brown, 12/10/97.

“We’ve got to get hold of Clive”: Author interview with Alistair Taylor, 1/17/98.

“The Beatles had to be told”: Author interview with Peter Brown, 12/10/97.

“This is a terrible shock”: Press conference transcript, Bangor, Wales, 8/27/67.

“confusion and disbelief”: Ringo Starr in Anthology, p. 264.

“traipsed off to the Maharishi”: Paul McCartney, Arena archives.

“Our friend’s dead”: Ibid.

“to love him and let him go”: Ringo Starr in Anthology, p. 264.

“Well, Brian is just passing”: Press conference transcript, Bangor, Wales, 8/27/67.

“We’ve fuckin’ had it”: Wenner, Lennon Remembers, p. 52.

“We did the first show”: Author interview with Tony Bramwell, 8/6/97.

“I believe it was an accident”: George Harrison in Anthology, p. 265.

“very sinister circumstances”: Paul McCartney in ibid.

“His father, Harry”: Author interview with Alistair Taylor, 1/17/98.

“Our main concern”: Author interview with Peter Brown, 12/10/97.

the Beatles, who had been asked: “The Beatles were asked to stay away.” Brown & Gaines, Love You Make, p. 273.

“There was a big power grab”: Author interview with Alistair Taylor, 1/17/98.

Brian had left no will: “He died in August without making a will.” Daily Sketch, 1/6/68, p. 7.

“the Beatles were shocked”: Brown & Gaines, Love You Make, p. 275.

The Beatles had flirted: Lewisohn, Chronicle, p. 261.

“They didn’t know where any of the money”: Neil Aspinall in Anthology, p. 268.

Mystery Tour segments 1 through 8: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 358.

“John had spent an afternoon”: Ibid., p. 356.

John has said as many as twenty: “He’d already written twenty songs.” Sheff, Playboy Interviews, p. 157.

“[Paul] said, ‘Well, here’s a segment’ ”: Wenner, Lennon Remembers, p. 54.

written, he claimed: Sheff, Playboy Interviews, p. 156.

“a beautiful poem”: Ibid.

“The words don’t mean a lot”: “What a Groove It Is Growing Older, Says John Lennon,” Disc and Music Echo, 12/16/67.

only “I am the eggman”: Burdon, I Used to Be an Animal but I’m All Right Now, p. 139.

“organized chaos”: Lewisohn, Sessions, p. 122.

beginning with electric piano: “In the studio, we began with electric piano and Ringo’s drums.” John Lennon in Pritchard & Lysaght, The Beatles, p. 257.

“so weird”: John Lennon, 1974 interview, in Anthology, p. 273.

eight violins, four cellos: Lewisohn, Sessions, p. 127.

“have their heads”: Ibid., p. 122.

The Beatles, however, were clearly pleased: “It was a fascinating session. That was John’s baby, great one, a really good one.” Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 357.

“It was this idea of a fool”: Ibid., p. 365.

“We literally made it up”: Ibid., p. 360.

“John would always want a midget”: Ringo Starr in Anthology, p. 272.

“We would get off the bus”: Ibid.

Brian’s “social secretary”: Author interview with Nat Weiss, 1/28/98.

Neil lacked “sufficient clout”: George Martin in Anthology, p. 268.

“was out of his class”: Martin, All You Need, p. 171.

On one side of a table: Details provided by author interview with Peter Brown, 12/10/97.

“A joint company doesn’t work”: Robert Stigwood, Arena archives.

“They would be willing to put money”: “Clive Epstein—New NEMS Boss,” NME, 9/9/67.

“We shook hands”: Ibid.

“was a very reasonable price”: Ringo Starr in Anthology, p. 268.

seven subsidiaries were formed: Lewisohn, 25 Years in the Life, pp. 97–98.

“There was an enormous sum”: Author interview with Peter Brown, 12/10/97.

Clive Epstein and Harry Pinsker: “I suggested to the boys that they buy freehold property and go into retail trading.” Observer, 9/1/68, p. 12.

“So we’d sit around the boardroom”: Author interview with Alistair Taylor, 1/17/98.

“selling records was dismissed”: Brown & Gaines, Love You Make, p. 280.

“How fucking boring!”: Author interview with Alistair Taylor, 1/17/98.

“You can just imagine”: McCabe & Schonfeld, John Lennon: For the Record, p. 103.

“We’re just going to do”: Author interview with Pete Shotton, 1/19/98.

George got involved with: “Mime Ban Hits Beatles Clip,” NME, 12/2/67.

Paul opened discussions: “Stones Play It Cool on Possible Beatles Tie-Up,” NME, 10/21/67.

Magic Alex was commissioned: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 442.

“groovy clothes”: McCabe & Schonfeld, John Lennon: For the Record, p. 105.

“something that we’d want”: Ibid., p. 103.

“dressing in such interesting clothes”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 443.

“The aim of the company”: “A Is for Apple,” Observer, 9/1/68, p. 7.

“sell everything white”: “Paul came up with a nice idea, which was ‘Let’s sell everything white.’ ” John Lennon, 1970 interview, in Anthology, p. 270.

“a beautiful place”: NEMS press release, 10/3/67.

“horrified”/“Give it to them”: Harry Pinsker in Badman, Off the Record, p. 329.

“they wear gypsy headdresses”: New York Times, 11/21/67.

“have an image of naturel”: Sunday Times, 11/5/67.

“You should move to London”: Author interview with Pete Shotton, 1/19/98.

“eating majoun and smoking hashish”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 444.

“the clothes looked more like”: Ibid., p. 445.

“They refused to tell”: Author interview with Alistair Taylor, 1/17/98.

“The painting was gorgeous”: Paul McCartney in Anthology, p. 270.

But the City of Westminster’s: “The Fool… decided to ignore officialdom.” Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 445.

“There was no direction”: Author interview with Pete Shotton, 1/19/98.

“It was a mess”: Author interview with Alistair Taylor, 1/17/98.

It reminded them of Beatlemania: “Many of the old fears returned. This, again, was Beatlemania.” D. Taylor, Fifty Years, p. 322.

with 450,000 advance orders: “Beatles ‘Magic’ Disc-book Held Up,” NME, 12/9/67.

“There was plenty of stock”: Author interview with Peter Brown, 12/10/97.

“It was disastrous”: Author interview with Alistair Taylor, 1/17/98.

“There was no plot”: Daily Mail, 12/28/67.

“Nobody had the vaguest”: McCabe & Schonfeld, Apple to the Core, p. 94.

“It looked awful”: George Martin in Anthology, p. 274.

“the most expensive home movie”: Coleman, John Lennon, p. 362.

“thought it was dreadful”: Author interview with Peter Brown, 12/10/97.

“I saw it four times”: Paul Fox in Badman, Off the Record, p. 335.

for the paltry fee of £9,000: “Fox offered him the derisory sum of £9,000.” Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 366.

“Sod it,” he thought: Ibid., p. 367.

“Appalling!”: Daily Mail, 12/26/67.

“It was worse than terrible”: Evening News, 12/26/67.

“rubbish… piffle”: Daily Mirror, 12/26/67.

“blatant rubbish”: Daily Express, 12/26/67.

734–35 “Whoever authorized the showing”: Daily Sketch, 12/26/67.

“perhaps slightly to [his] own surprise”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 440.

CHAPTER 34: AN ADDITIONAL ACT

“a marriage of four minds”: C. Lennon, A Twist, p. 134.

“When it came down to business”: Author interview with Alistair Taylor, 1/17/98.

“four miners who go down”: Paul McCartney in Anthology, p. 110.

“Instead of going to bed”: C. Lennon, A Twist, p. 134.

“There was something about the way”: Author interview with Alistair Taylor, 1/17/98.

“I was amazed by the diary”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 115.

“Jane knew people in the country”: Ibid., p. 120.

“Paul was clearly in awe”: Author interview with Peter Brown, 12/10/97.

“Jane confided in me”: C. Lennon, A Twist, p. 133.

Jane had “clearly decided”: Author interview with Peter Brown, 12/10/97.

“very tense”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 453.

Jane’s “traumatic” confession: Ibid., p. 452.

Paul “could not get her to name the day”: Brown & Gaines, Love You Make, p. 240.

“never available”: Goldman, Lives of John Lennon, p. 290.

“this stranger”: Author interview with Pete Shotton, 1/19/98.

“pure shock”: Coleman, Lennon, p. 336.

Yoko had been “particularly persistent”: Hello!, 5/28/94.

She once gained admittance: Coleman, Lennon, pp. 335–36.

“there were a lot of phone calls”: Ibid.

“She’s crackers”: Ibid., p. 336.

“I want two thousand pounds”: Author interview with Pete Shotton, 1/19/98.

“all beautifully cut in half”: Wenner, Lennon Remembers, p. 175.

“In the beginning, all those screwy ideas”: Author interview with Peter Brown, 12/10/97.

“She did a thing called ‘Dance Event’ ”: Wenner, Lennon Remembers, p. 175.

“Use your blood to paint”: Ono, Grapefruit, pages unnumbered.

“avant-garde crap”: Coleman, Lennon, p. 345.

descended from samurai: Hopkins, Yoko Ono, p. 6.

“they actually went begging”: Ibid., p. 10.

Vincent Persichetti: Goldman, Lives of John Lennon, p. 214.

“promoting living art”: Fluxus manifesto, 1962, from Fluxus, etc.

“Long before Jimi Hendrix”: Goldman, Lives of John Lennon, p. 217.

Yoko’s “opera”: from the program, Carnegie Recital Hall, 11/24/61.

“would start to feel the environment”: Hopkins, Yoko Ono, p. 29.

“I was always having abortions”: Esquire, May 1970.

“Tony and the doctors”: Goldman, Lives of John Lennon, p. 226.

“Tony got her pregnant”: Hopkins, Yoko Ono, p. 36.

“Inside there might be a lot”: Sheff, Playboy Interviews, p. 91.

“hypnotically dreamlike”: Cue, 3/24/65.

Yoko’s performance “uplifting”: Financial Times, 9/26/66.

“She said, half-laughingly”: Hopkins, Yoko Ono, p. 58.

“far out”: “Her work is far out.” Wenner, Lennon Remembers, p. 172.

she was “somebody that you could go”: McCabe & Schonfeld, John Lennon: For the Record, p. 55.

“a tribute to women”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 449.

“not outright rock”: “Rock Flavour to Next Beatles’ Single,” NME, 2/17/68.

“rockswing”: “Ringo Talks,” NME, 3/23/68.

The opening barrelhouse piano: “I asked him if it was from ‘Bad Penny Blues,’ and he said it was based [on that].” Author interview with Ray Connolly, 8/17/97.

“[The song] reminded me”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 449.

“I think… we were all”: Paul McCartney in Anthology, p. 281.

“I was gonna take her”: McCabe & Schonfeld, John Lennon: For the Record, p. 55.

“barracks”: “It was cold and wet, and the complex… resembled a barracks.” Hello!, 5/28/94.

nominal rate of $400: “Beatles’ Guru Is Turning Them into Gurus,” New York Times, 2/23/68.

“We were really getting away”: John Lennon, 1974 interview, in Anthology, p. 281.

“There [was] quite a heavy flow”: George Harrison in ibid.

“It was a collision”: Farrow, What Falls Away, p. 132.

Meditation… should last for: Melody Maker, 3/9/68.

“Nevertheless,” she later wrote: Farrow, What Falls Away, p. 137.

“I was meditating about eight hours”: John Lennon, 1974 interview, in Anthology, p. 283.

“To John, nothing else mattered”: C. Lennon, A Twist, p. 155.

“It was pretty exciting”: Ringo Starr in Anthology, p. 281.

“It was quite nice”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 413.

“It was almost magical”: Paul McCartney in Anthology, p. 283.

“like a feather over”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 414.

“Regardless of what”: John Lennon, 1971 interview, in Anthology, p. 283.

an homage to his boyhood idol: “ ‘Back in the U.S.S.R.’ was my take-off of Chuck Berry’s ‘Back in the USA.’ ” Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 422.

There, in a series of dilapidated tents: Hello!, 5/28/94.

“Every time we met”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 419.

“to go shoot a few poor tigers”: Sheff, Playboy Interviews, p. 168.

“Prudence meditated and hibernated”: Ringo Starr in Anthology, p. 284.

“She went completely mental”: Sheff, Playboy Interviews, p. 168.

George and John had been selected: Farrow, What Falls Away, p. 139.

“got her out of the house”: Sheff, Playboy Interviews, p. 168.

using a finger-picking technique: “I introduced John to a finger-picking style…. With this style he wrote ‘Julia’ and ‘Dear Prudence.’ ” Donovan in Badman, Off the Record, p. 341.

“Umbrella”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 421.

“We’re not fucking here”: Ibid., p. 420.

Besides, Maureen had a phobia: “He couldn’t stand the food and his wife couldn’t stand the flies.” Paul McCartney in Anthology, p. 284.

“very much like a holiday”: Melody Maker, 3/9/68.

“Paul and Jane were much too sophisticated”: Brown & Gaines, Love You Make, p. 286.

“some huge spiritual lift-off”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 409.

“John took meditation”: Coleman, Lennon, p. 341.

“Something had gone very wrong”: Hello!, 5/28/94.

“I’m a cloud”: Fawcett, John Lennon: One Day at a Time, p. 33.

John “missed his company”: “Alex was summoned to Rishikesh by John.” Brown & Gaines, Love You Make, p. 287.

“because he didn’t approve”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 427.

“appalled” by the accommodations: Brown & Gaines, Love You Make, p. 287.

Maharishi might have come on to her: Farrow, What Falls Away, p. 141.

“I think it was completely untrue”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 429.

“to plug into the divine”: George Harrison in Badman, Off the Record, p. 341.

“When George started thinking”: Wenner, Lennon Remembers, pp. 55–56.

“Wait,” she recalled: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 428.

“John told me he knew”: Author interview with Peter Brown, 12/10/97.

“If you’re so cosmically conscious”: Variations of this response have been reported in Wenner, Lennon Remembers; Brown & Gaines, Love You Make; C. Lennon, A Twist; and Jenny Boyd’s account in Miles, Paul McCartney.

“You can’t say that”: George Harrison in Anthology, p. 286.

an appearance in a documentary: “30 New Beatle Tracks,” NME, 4/20/68.

“But you’ve got to bloody hear it”: Brown & Gaines, Love You Make, p. 291. Cynthia confirms this in Hello!, 5/28/94.

“I never dreamed”: C. Lennon, A Twist, p. 163.

“We want to help people”: The Tonight Show, 5/15/68.

whose brainstorm produced: “He came up with the idea for the ad in my house.” Author interview with Alistair Taylor, 1/17/98.

“Overnight, we were swamped”: Ibid.

“By the time I came back”: George Harrison in Anthology, p. 287.

George… “had very little to do”: Ibid.

“I hate it”: D. Taylor, Fifty Years, p. 330.

“Paul, for the longest time”: Author interview with Peter Brown, 12/10/97.

“he’d stay there all day”: McCabe & Schonfeld, Apple to the Core, p. 102.

“John was in a rage”: D. Taylor, Fifty Years, p. 330.

“He was more fucked up”: Author interview with Pete Shotton, 7/10/98.

“It seemed like everything”: Ibid., 1/19/98.

At a London party: Author interview with a confidential source.

“We wanted a grand launch”: Paul McCartney in Anthology, p. 287.

“It was a mad, bad week”: D. Taylor, Fifty Years, p. 327.

“mild and extremely benign hallucinogen”: Ibid., p. 329.

“He said, ‘We’re leaving’ ”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 450.

“There was something awfully steamy”: Author interview with Nat Weiss, 1/28/98.

761–62 “didn’t think she was particularly attractive”: McCabe & Schonfeld, John Lennon: For the Record, p. 24.

“high-breasted”: D. Taylor, Fifty Years, p. 329.

“He was a fairly hip person”: Author interview with Peter Brown, 12/12/97.

“she looked very pretty”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 454.

“He is an American song writer”: Memo duplicated in D. Taylor, Fifty Years, p. 326.

“It all came as a shock”: Author interview with Tony Bramwell, 8/6/97.

“tons of songs”: Sheff, Playboy Interviews, p. 160.

“The Beatles were getting real tense”: Ibid.

“I said, ‘What are you doing?’ ” Author interview with Pete Shotton, 1/19/98.

“I played her all the tapes”: Wenner, Lennon Remembers, p. 176.

“We improvised for many hours”: Coleman, Lennon, p. 344.

“the babel inside an insane asylum”: Author interview with Terry Doran, 8/13/97.

“enjoying the uncertainty”: Coleman, Lennon, p. 344.

“It was dawn”: Wenner, Lennon Remembers, p. 176.

“I had no doubt”: Coleman, Lennon, pp. 344–45.

“shellshocked”: Author interview with Pete Shotton, 1/19/98.

CHAPTER 35: GOOD-BYE TO THE BOYS IN THE BAND!

“The question they all ask”: Melody Maker, 9/3/68.

“a hectic recording scene”: “Beatles George Today,” NME, 6/1/68.

“It seemed to many of us”: Author interview with Don Short, 8/11/97.

“the Beatles were embarrassed”: Author interview with Peter Brown, 12/10/97.

“We bought a few things”: NME, 6/1/68.

He was “absolutely fascinated”: “He wore several of them himself.” Author interview with Peter Brown, 12/12/97.

“I had to give it away”: John Lennon, undated interview, in Anthology, p. 290.

John and Paul “blew millions”: George Harrison in ibid.

“tens of thousands” of requests: Brown & Gaines, Love You Make, p. 313.

“Suddenly Apple was a free-for-all”: George Harrison in Anthology, p. 290.

“Any numbskull could walk in”: Author interview with Alistair Taylor, 1/17/98.

“I remember going round”: George Harrison in Anthology, p. 318.

“Magic Alex said that EMI”: George Martin in ibid.

“The Jam”/“Walkabout”: “Beatles Broaden Role in Business,” New York Times, 5/15/68.

“Some Gorgeous Accident”: The Times (London), 4/26/68.

There were preliminary discussions: “Beatles Maharishi Documentary Film,” NME, 3/9/68.

a high-grade 50 percent: “The Story of Yellow Submarine,” Beatles Book Monthly, 9/93, pp. 5–11.

“He dreaded going to them”: Author interview with Tony Barrow, 10/31/97.

“We only had one or two”: George Harrison in Anthology, p. 292.

“Their reaction was: ‘OK’ ”: Martin, All You Need, p. 226.

“brilliantly inventive”: Daily Telegraph, 7/19/68.

strong “visual imagination”: “Tati and the Beatles New Films in London,” Christian Science Monitor, 8/3/68.

“The film packs more”: “Lessons at the Movies,” Observer, 7/28/68.

Ringo… “loved Yellow Submarine”: Ringo Starr in Anthology, p. 292.

“I think it’s a classic”: George Harrison in ibid.

“The Beatles stubbornly continue”: Daily Mail, 12/29/67.

“They have a different feel”: “Interview: John Lennon,” Rolling Stone, 11/23/68.

“just finish off the tail”: McCabe & Schonfeld, John Lennon: For the Record, p. 119.

“it meant that I’d hear”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 487.

Paul regretted the loss: “Because John [was divorcing] Cynthia and had gone off with Yoko…” Ibid.

“my love cloud”: Wenner, Lennon Remembers, p. 106.

“never known love like this”: John Lennon, 1968 interview, in Anthology, p. 301.

“my head would go off”: McCabe & Schonfeld, John Lennon: For the Record, p. 56.

“She was the ultimate trip”: Sheff, Playboy Interviews.

“eerily silent”: Coleman, Lennon, p. 345.

“John and Yoko, wearing nothing”: Hello!, 5/28/94.

“in complete shock”: Ibid.

But one night in that desperate: Brown & Gaines, Love You Make, p. 293.

“She knew it was a mistake”: Author interview with Peter Brown, 12/12/97.

“For a while, everything”: C. Lennon, A Twist, p. 168.

“a very agitated” Magic Alex: Ibid., p. 169.

“absolutely devastated”: Hello!, 5/28/94.

“I knew when I saw the picture”: Coleman, Lennon, p. 350.

The groundwork for it: Lewisohn, 25 Years in the Life, p. 104.

“They were like two nervous”: Author interview with Alistair Taylor, 1/17/98.

773–74 “loyalty to and affection for Cynthia”: D. Taylor, Fifty Years, p. 347.

“As your friend and press officer”: Ibid., p. 340.

“Word had circulated”: Author interview with Don Short, 8/11/97.

“Where’s your wife?”: Author interview with Peter Brown, 12/12/97.

“Who is this?”: D. Taylor, Fifty Years, p. 340.

“What happened to your wife”: Brown & Gaines, Love You Make, p. 297.

“Paul, in his usual way”: Author interview with Peter Brown, 12/12/97.

Ringo had installed a rear window: Author interview with Ken Partridge, 1/18/98.

made “Paul [feel] uncomfortable”: “Paul felt uncomfortable around John and Yoko.” Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 486.

“[John] was getting into harder drugs”: Ibid.

John’s “adversity and… craziness”: Ibid., p. 487.

“ ‘God will save us’ ”: Wenner, Lennon Remembers, p. 131.

“I really thought that love”: Ibid., p. 132.

“He doesn’t really get off the fence”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 484.

“He seemed to be particularly focused”: Author interview with Alan Brown, 5/18/97.

Yoko Ono sat “perversely”: Coleman, Lennon, p. 363.

“It was fairly shocking”: Author interview with Alan Brown, 5/18/97.

She “just moved in”: George Harrison in Anthology, p. 308.

“John brought her into the control room”: Lewisohn, Sessions, p. 135.

“dared the others”: Author interview with Alan Brown, 5/18/97.

Studio grunts watched: Author interview with Martin Benge, 5/18/97.

“talk about fixes and monkeys”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 486.

“[The studio] was where we were together”: Ringo Starr in Anthology, p. 308.

“Yoko was there”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 484.

“I bastardized it”: Author interview with Paul McCartney, 3/21/97.

“I could hear them”: Author interview with Alan Brown, 5/18/97.

“She came in and she would expect”: Wenner, Lennon Remembers, p. 69.

“fed up [with] being sideman”: Ibid., p. 49.

“cop out”: Ibid.

“Finally, he just told EMI”: Author interview with Peter Brown, 12/12/97.

Paul celebrated: Brown & Gaines, Love You Make, pp. 304–5.

“I’m here if you show up”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 451.

“The moment Linda arrived”: Author interview with Tony Bramwell, 8/6/97.

“[I’d] always found Linda”: Author interview with Paul McCartney, 3/21/97.

Linda “seemed amused”: Author interview with Tony Bramwell, 8/6/97.

“Her family was the most academic”: Author interview with Paul McCartney, 3/21/97.

Paul “felt particularly sorry”: Paul McCartney in Anthology, p. 297.

Julian was “a fragile little”: Author interview with Alistair Taylor, 1/17/98.

“the Law of the Husband”: Author interview with Peter Brown, 12/10/97.

“I thought it was a bit much”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 465.

“try to cheer them up”: Paul McCartney in Anthology, p. 297.

“a hopeful message for Julian”: Ibid.

“one of [Paul’s] masterpieces”: Sheff, Playboy Interviews, p. 157.

John was holding out: “I wanted to put it out as a single.” Wenner, Lennon Remembers, p. 131.

“No, George… You come in”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 467.

“oblivious to anyone else’s feelings”: Author interview with Ron Richards, 12/29/97.

even had the structure for… “Something”: While recording “Piggies,” George played “Something” for Chris Thomas, George Martin’s assistant. Pritchard & Lysaght, The Beatles, p. 265.

“made the other Beatles self-conscious”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 492.

“There was a definite vibe”: George Harrison in Anthology, p. 308.

“I remember having three studios”: Ibid., p. 305.

“For the first time, I had to split myself”: George Martin in ibid.

“looking after what both”: Martin, All You Need, p. 132.

“dead set against putting such a mess”: Author interview with Ron Richards, 12/29/97.

“[Paul] even recorded it”: Sheff, Playboy Interviews, p. 160.

“there was such a lack of enthusiasm”: George Harrison in Badman, Off the Record, p. 391.

“They weren’t taking it seriously”: George Harrison in Anthology, p. 306.

“the others would join in”: George Martin in Pritchard & Lysaght, The Beatles, p. 263.

“We were in George’s car”: Eric Clapton in Badman, Off the Record, p. 391.

“I was recording not a band”: George Martin in Pritchard & Lysaght, The Beatles, p. 263.

“because some of them weren’t great”: George Martin in Anthology, p. 305.

“I’m going on holiday”: George Martin in Pritchard & Lysaght, The Beatles, p. 264.

“really arguing amongst themselves”: Lewisohn, Sessions, p. 143.

“Paul was re-recording the vocal”: Ibid.

“None of us had any experience”: Author interview with Alistair Taylor, 1/17/98.

For a while the company’s destiny: “We went through a period when we weren’t allowed to do anything before someone threw the I Ching.” Alistair Taylor in Pritchard & Lysaght, The Beatles, p. 273.

“We invited people to Apple”: Author interview with Peter Brown, 12/10/97.

“John wouldn’t rest”: Author interview with Tony Bramwell, 8/6/97.

“We really want to help people”: New York press conference transcript, 5/14/68.

“not necessarily having a hard time”: “Beatles’ Loose Habit of Recording,” NME, 8/17/68.

“smashed down an entire… panel”: D. Taylor, Fifty Years, p. 348.

Beatles “were a mother’s dream”: Author interview with Alistair Taylor, 1/17/98.

“to make business fun”: Ibid.

“foolish disregard”: Letter, Derek Taylor to the Beatles, 7/26/68.

“mistaken for little Jewish businessmen”: George Harrison in Badman, Off the Record, p. 375.

“Yoko came up with the idea”: McCabe & Schonfeld, John Lennon: For the Record, p. 106.

such “a good happening”: Wenner, Lennon Remembers, p. 59.

“Originally, the shops were intended”: Beatles press release, issued 7/29/68.

“The night before, we all went in”: McCabe & Schonfeld, John Lennon: For the Record, p. 106.

“a smashing raincoat”: Paul McCartney in Badman, Off the Record, p. 375.

“loads of shirts and jackets”: Ringo Starr in Anthology, p. 296.

“It was great”: McCabe & Schonfeld, John Lennon: For the Record, p. 106.

“Yoko revealed a greedy side”: Author interview with Peter Brown, 12/10/97.

“Hundreds of people” stampeded: Daily Mail, 8/1/68.

“the bulls at Pamplona”: Author interview with Alistair Taylor, 1/17/98.

“people… coming with wheelbarrows”: Ringo Starr in Anthology, p. 296.

“it brought out the worst”: D. Taylor, As Time Goes By, p. 143.

The version Paul cut with Mary: “He originally tried to get the Moody Blues or Donovan to record it.” Badman, Off the Record, p. 351.

“ideal material for half-time”: NME, 8/31/68.

“I wanted a really different sound”: Paul McCartney in Anthology, p. 289.

“It wasn’t intended”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 466.

“It felt good recording it”: Ringo Starr in Anthology, p. 297.

the largest-selling Beatles record: Billboard research department files.

“all the time in the world”: “Danger—Beatles at Work,” Saturday Review, 10/12/68, p. 64.

Paul recorded “Mother Nature’s Son”: Lewisohn, Sessions, p. 147.

so offended Paul that he refused: Author interview with Ron Richards, 12/29/97.

“the whole thing was going down”: Ringo Starr in Anthology, p. 312.

“unloved and out of it”: Ibid., p. 311.

Ringo’s “feel and soul”: Paul McCartney in ibid.

“the most raucous”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 488.

“drummed as if his life”: Lewisohn, Sessions, p. 154.

The Beatles’ goal, according to John: “We made the double white album because it was going to be a double album forever.” John Lennon, 1970 interview, in Badman, Off the Record, pp. 391–92.

“I thought we should probably have made”: George Martin in Anthology, p. 305.

“a bit heavy”: “I think, in a way, it was a mistake doing four sides.” George Harrison in Badman, Off the Record, p. 388.

“definitely rocking”: John Lennon in ibid.

“something as utterly simple”: “Beatles ‘Live’ by Paul,” NME, 10/12/68.

“prissy” all-white cover: “I would be inclined to do a very prissy thing, almost like a limited edition.” Richard Hamilton in Cooper, Blinds and Shutters.

“the most important musical”: The Times (London), 11/22/68.

EMI had considered rationing: Syndicated news report, 11/21/68.

“boring beyond belief”: “A Briton Blasts the Beatles,” New York Times, 12/15/68, p. 8.

“a major success”: “The Beatles: Inspired Groovers,” New York Times, 12/8/68, pp. 33–37.

THE BRILLIANT, THE BAD, AND THE UGLY: NME, 11/9/68.

“It was a bombshell”: Author interview with Tony Bramwell, 8/7/98.

“the howl that went up”: John Lennon, 1969 interview, in Badman, Off the Record, p. 399.

“because… her work is naked”: Fawcett, John Lennon: One Day at a Time, p. 40.

“What we did purposely”: John Lennon, 1974 interview, in Anthology, p. 302.

“they all sat there”: Wenner, Lennon Remembers, p. 67.

“slightly shocked”: Paul McCartney in Anthology, p. 302.

“Ah, come on, John”: Ringo Starr in Anthology, p. 302.

“Ringo and Paul hated”: Author interview with Peter Brown, 12/12/97.

“a collection of bizarre sounds”: Coleman, Lennon, p. 374.

Disc, Melody Maker, and NME: DiLello, Longest Cocktail Party, pp. 63–64.

The “togetherness had gone”: McCabe & Schonfeld, John Lennon: For the Record, p. 58.

“I decided to leave”: Wenner, Lennon Remembers, p. 69.

“the boys became of no interest”: Sheff, Playboy Interviews, p. 41.

“ ‘Goodbye to the boys’ ”: Coleman, Lennon, p. 354.

CHAPTER 36: DISTURBING THE PEACE

“After six years’ work”: Letter from Stephen Maltz, 10/23/68.

“a pitiful £78,000”: Goldman, Lives of John Lennon, p. 337.

“The deal among the Beatles”: Author interview with Peter Brown, 12/10/97.

John, who had been tipped: “Don Short… had warned him”: Coleman, Lennon, p. 368; also confirmed in author interview with Don Short, 8/11/97.

“flushing handfuls of pills”: Author interview with Pete Shotton, 1/19/98.

“It was a measure of their popularity”: Author interview with Ray Connolly, 8/7/97.

the bust “was a frame-up”: Coleman, Lennon, p. 368.

On November 8 John’s divorce: “John Lennon Divorced,” New York Times, 11/9/68.

“When Paul got bored”: Author interview with Peter Brown, 12/10/97.

“It wasn’t anything serious”: Author interview with Alistair Taylor, 1/17/98.

“broken off, finished,”: Dee Time, BBC-TV, 7/20/68.

“I loved [it in] New York”: Author interview with Paul McCartney, 3/21/97.

“Linda was showing me around”: Ibid.

“her womanliness”/“slight rebelliousness”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 517.

“It was great living”: Ibid., p. 521.

Capitol had shipped 3.5 million copies: “Apple’s Full of Sauce,” Washington Post, 12/29/68.

“Apple wasn’t being run”: Ringo Starr in Anthology, p. 324.

“were all just living and drinking”: Wenner, Lennon Remembers, p. 155.

“if it carries on”: Disc and Music Echo, 1/18/69.

£18,000 or £20,000: Wenner, Lennon Remembers, p. 155.

“Somehow… [we] needed a firm”: John Lennon, 1971 interview, in Anthology, p. 324.

“stick to music”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 543.

The Beatles also… courted: Author interview with Peter Brown, 12/12/97.

collectively as “animals”: Wenner, Lennon Remembers, p. 146.

“I think we should get back”: Coleman, Lennon, p. 372.

“Our jaws dropped”: Ibid., pp. 373–74.

“give it a couple of months”: Ibid., p. 374.

“The thing I miss most”: John Lennon, 1972 interview, in Anthology, p. 322.

George, however, “scoffed at” the idea: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 528.

“I’d hoped that by playing”: Paul McCartney in Anthology, p. 322.

“virtually absolutely definite”: “Beatles ‘Live’ by Paul,” NME, 10/12/68.

“It will definitely be free”: “Beatles Holed-Up, Ringo Movie,” NME, 12/7/68.

“I think the original idea”: George Harrison in Anthology, p. 315.

“go on an ocean liner”: Paul McCartney in ibid.

“being very expensive and insane”: Norman, Shout!, p. 357.

“The idea was that you’d see”: Paul McCartney in Anthology, p. 315.

“a big barn”: Ringo Starr in ibid., p. 318.

“To be fair, no one had much enthusiasm”: Author interview with Peter Brown, 12/12/97.

“stoned all the time”: Wenner, Lennon Remembers, p. 118.

“going to try and create”: John Lennon, 1976 interview, in Anthology, p. 317.

“We put down a few tracks”: Wenner, Lennon Remembers, p. 118.

George… found it “stifling”: George Harrison in Anthology, p. 316.

“I had always let him”: George Harrison in Badman, Off the Record, p. 411.

“Look, I’ll play whatever”: George Harrison in Let It Be (film).

“What am I doing here?”: George Harrison in Anthology, p. 316.

“That’s it… see you ’round”: George Harrison in Let It Be (film), 1969.

“Our reaction was really”: Ringo Starr in Anthology, p. 316.

“I think if George doesn’t come back”: John Lennon in Let It Be (film); also in Badman, Off the Record, p. 412.

“the biggest disaster”: D. Taylor, Fifty Years, p. 358.

“We bought some huge computers”: Ringo Starr in Anthology, p. 291.

“the mixing console was made”: Lewisohn, Sessions, p. 164.

“very nasty twitter”: Martin, All You Need, p. 174.

“They were hopeless”: George Martin in Anthology, p. 318.

“You’d better put some equipment in”: Martin, All You Need, p. 173.

mobile four-track mixing consoles: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 533.

“I don’t want any of your production”: George Martin in Anthology, p. 317.

“all those rumors”: McCabe & Schonfeld, John Lennon: For the Record, p. 80.

“terrible shit”: Ibid., p. 81.

“a bit like Martin”: Wenner, Lennon Remembers, p. 62.

“The facilities at Apple”: Ringo Starr in Anthology, p. 318.

Meanwhile back at home: “Get Back” lyrics, Abbey Road demo.

putting out “negative vibes”: George Harrison in Anthology, p. 316.

“It was a very tense period”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 535.

“a genuine plea”: Ibid., pp. 535–36.

“That’s me singing about Yoko”: Sheff, Playboy Interviews, p. 172.

“I don’t think he wanted much”: George Harrison in Anthology, p. 316.

the band to be “very childish”: McCabe & Schonfeld, John Lennon: For the Record, p. 59.

he “didn’t believe in”: “I don’t know when I realized I was putting down all these things I didn’t believe in.” Wenner, Lennon Remembers, p. 31.

“just [doing] it like a job”: Ibid., p. 51.

“fed up with the same old shit”: Ibid., p. 69.

He felt constrained: “We were limiting our capacity to write and perform by having it fit into some kind of format.” John Lennon, 1971 interview, in Anthology, p. 317.

“better than Picasso” Coleman, Lennon, p. 430.

the others were “insecure”: McCabe & Schonfeld, John Lennon: For the Record, p. 47.

“sophisticated, intellectually”: Ibid., p. 52.

“Yoko had him under”: Author interview with Tony Bramwell, 8/8/97.

“they started picking on”: John Lennon, 1976 interview, in Anthology, p. 317.

“I started to feel it wasn’t”: Paul McCartney in Anthology, p. 316.

“offset the vibes”: George Harrison in Badman, Off the Record, p. 415.

“the bullshit went out the window”: Ringo Starr in Anthology, p. 318.

his crumbling relationship with John: “John was with Yoko full time, and our relationship was beginning to crumble.” Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 538.

“It was like having a guest”: Paul McCartney in Anthology, pp. 318–19.

Billy turned up at the studio: “We were trying to figure out where we could have a concert.” Billy Preston in Badman, Off the Record, p. 416.

“a little bit puzzling”: Paul McCartney in Anthology, p. 319.

“Oh, that’s fantastic”: John Lennon in Pritchard & Lysaght, The Beatles, p. 278.

“Nobody had ever done that”: George Harrison, in Anthology, p. 321.

“The Beatles had arranged for a camera”: Author interview with Jack Oliver, 10/28/99.

“Honestly, the music has got”: Let It Be (film), 1969.

“When [the police] came up”: Ringo Starr in Anthology, p. 321.

“If anybody wants to sing”: George Harrison in Let It Be (film), 1969.

“You know this is a small”: Coleman, Lennon, pp. 370–71.

“a distant resemblance to Buddy Hackett”: Goldman, Lives of John Lennon, p. 328.

He’d met John once before: “I met him at the Rock and Roll Circus,” Wenner, Lennon Remembers, p. 142.

“broke, like Mickey Rooney”: Coleman, Lennon, p. 376.

In his exuberant autobiography: D. Taylor, Fifty Years, p. 366.

“nervous as shit”: Wenner, Lennon Remembers, p. 144.

“the only businessman I’ve met”: John Lennon, 1969 interview, in Anthology, p. 324.

“One of the… things”: McCabe & Schonfeld, John Lennon: For the Record, p. 42.

“I knew right away”: McCabe & Schonfeld, Apple to the Core, p. 123.

Actually, the letter read: Letter, John Lennon to Sir Joseph Lockwood, in Anthology, p. 324.

“a human being”/“an animal”: Wenner, Lennon Remembers, pp. 146–48.

a million-dollar advance: “A figure that John repeated to me in the office the next day with pride.” Brown & Gaines, Love You Make, p. 333.

“the only one Yoko liked”: Paul McCartney in Anthology, p. 324.

“big-headed uptight people”: Wenner, Lennon Remembers, p. 67.

Paul was the one responsible: “They all thought Paul was the one who was going to hold it all together.” McCabe & Schonfeld, John Lennon: For the Record, p. 72.

“all that Beatle stuff”: Wenner, Lennon Remembers, p. 138.

“Paul began complaining”: McCabe & Schonfeld, John Lennon: For the Record, p. 27.

Paul discouraged her from attending: Ibid.

“Because we were all from Liverpool”: George Harrison in Anthology, p. 325.

“fucked around by everybody”: McCabe & Schonfeld, Apple to the Core, p. 149.

it remained the top-selling album: Melody Maker, NME charts.

“it belied his innocence and honesty”: Author interview with Peter Brown, 12/12/97.

“Let’s get them both together”: George Harrison in Anthology, p. 324.

“a piece of crap”: Brown & Gaines, Love You Make, p. 334.

“I can’t tell you how much I’ve admired”: McCabe & Schonfeld, John Lennon: For the Record, p. 150.

John had learned from Neil: Wenner, Lennon Remembers, p. 148.

“How Lee kept his cool”: Author interview with Peter Brown, 12/12/97.

“interrupting everything he said”: Brown & Gaines, Love You Make, p. 335.

“Will you please stop insulting my husband”: Wenner, Lennon Remembers, p. 152.

CHAPTER 37: AND IN THE END…

“If you don’t tell anybody”: Author interview with Ray Connolly, 8/7/97.

“Why should we be asked”: Author interview with Pete Shotton, 1/19/98.

“last bachelor among the Beatles”: “Beatles McCartney Planning to Marry,” New York Times, 3/12/69.

“Paul and Linda want it simple”: Apple press release 3/11/69.

“plunged through a mob”: “McCartney Marries, Teen-Age Fans Weep,” New York Times, 3/13/69.

John… expressed “surprise”: “I was very surprised with Linda. I wouldn’t have been surprised if he’d married Jane Asher.” McCabe & Schonfeld, John Lennon: For the Record, p. 31.

“It was just Paul being Paul”: Author interview with Peter Brown, 12/12/97.

“I’d never seen George so angry”: Author interview with Pete Shotton, 1/19/98.

“Why don’t you stay there”: Author interview with Peter Brown, 12/12/97.

“a load of money”: “I had, in fact, taken a load of money for them.” Alistair Taylor in Badman, Off the Record, p. 429.

“Intellectually, we didn’t believe”: Coleman, Lennon, p. 393.

“rationalize” the situation at Apple: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 545.

“gravy train”: McCabe & Schonfeld, John Lennon: For the Record, p. 66.

“were living like kings”: Ibid., p. 79.

“He’d been with us since 1962”: Author interview with Peter Brown, 12/12/97.

“But Paul refused”: Author interview with Alistair Taylor, 1/17/98.

In this case… a company check: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 546.

Asher… refused to give Klein: “He wasn’t going to take that shit from anybody.” Author interview with Jack Oliver, 10/28/99.

“as a protest against violence”: “The Lennons Bed Down for Nonviolence,” New York Daily News, 3/26/69.

“Instead of fighting it”: “Sgt. Pepper Makes a Pitch for Peace,” Los Angeles, 6/15/69, p. 14.

A “plea for peace”: “It is a plea for peace among people.” New York Daily News, 3/26/69.

part demonstration, part sideshow: “Everybody has their bags, and this is ours,” he told a reporter. “John’s and Yoko’s Peace Gimmicks Do Make Sense,” NME, 3/12/69.

“it’s no good working for money”: Los Angeles, 6/15/69.

“It came at a perfect time”: Coleman, Lennon, p. 397.

“We are trying to make Christ’s message”: Amsterdam press conference, 3/23/69.

“As you know, Mr. Allen Klein”: Letter, made part of Paul McCartney v. John Lennon, George Harrison, Richard Starkey, and Apple Corps., Ltd., English High Court of Justice, Chancery Division, 1971.

He kicked Allen out: “Did I tell him to get lost? No, I put it in slightly stronger terms.” McCabe & Schonfeld, Apple to the Core, p. 127.

“all royalties payable”: Letter from the Beatles to EMI, 3/3/69.

“I won’t sell!”: Evening Standard, 3/29/69.

John Eastman spoke for everyone: “I told him he was a bastard.” McCabe & Schonfeld, Apple to the Core, p. 154.

totaling about 14 percent: “The Beatles Besieged,” Time, 5/30/69.

“I’m not going to be fucked around”: McCabe & Schonfeld, Apple to the Core, p. 155.

“Paul was getting more and more uptight”: Wenner, Lennon Remembers, p. 154.

“We had great arguments”: Ringo Starr in Anthology, p. 326.

“He’ll take fifteen percent”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 548; also in Anthology, p. 326.

“Monopoly with real money”: “Song Company of Beatles Resists a Take-Over Bid,” New York Times, 5/17/69.

“a monumental row”: McCabe & Schonfeld, Apple to the Core, p. 159.

It was a tremendous mistake: “I thought Paul had made a terrible miscalculation.” Author interview with Nat Weiss, 1/28/98.

“Paul actually stopped coming”: Author interview with Peter Brown, 12/12/97.

“total communication”: “This is an example of total communication.” John Lennon press conference, Sacher Hotel, Austria, 3/31/69.

“very fast living”: D. Taylor, Fifty Years, p. 367.

Variety reported: Story syndicated in Go, 4/4/69, p. 10.

Jesus Christ Superstar: “Lennon Asked to Portray Christ,” New York Times, 12/4/69.

“I don’t know what people think”: NME, 3/29/69.

“paranoia”: “One of the things people don’t know about John is that a lot of his genius was a cover-up for his paranoia.” Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 552.

“containing two acorns”: John Lennon press conference, 3/28/69.

Then, on April 22: “Now It’s John Ono Lennon,” New York Times, 4/23/69.

“How would you like it”: Coleman, Lennon, p. 390.

“[They] were so lousy”: John Lennon, 1971 interview, in Anthology, p. 350.

“twenty-nine hours of tape”: Wenner, Lennon Remembers, p. 120.

“It was laying [sic] dormant”: George Harrison in Anthology, p. 337.

a Beatles album “like we used to”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 551.

“Only if you let me produce it”: George Martin in Anthology, p. 337.

His original plan had been: D. Taylor, Fifty Years, p. 367.

“inadmissible immigrant”: “John Lennon Seeks a Visa to Visit U.S.,” New York Times, 5/16/69.

Declassified internal FBI memos: Wiener, Come Together, p. 85.

“I think I could probably write”: NME, 5/3/69, p. 3.

In fact, he was taking Paul: “I’ve just written a song called ‘Because.’ ” Ibid.

“straight out of Grapefruit”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 555.

“one of the most beautiful things”: “Abbey Road Heading for Fame,” Washington Post, 10/5/69.

George’s masterpiece, “Something”: “I thought it was George’s greatest track.” Paul McCartney in Anthology, p. 340.

“wasn’t in the same league”: John Lennon, 1974 interview, in ibid.

“surprised that George had it in him”: George Martin in ibid., p. 340.

“came out of left field”: Paul McCartney in ibid.

“lambasting Allen Klein’s attitude”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 556.

“Golden slumbers kiss your eyes”: Dekker, “Golden Slumbers,” The Pleasant Company of Old Fortunatus, 1603.

“I liked the words”: Miles, Paul McCartney, pp. 557–58.

“He was driving for the first time”: Stanley Parkes, 1/19/85, AGA.

John required seventeen stitches: Lewisohn, 25 Years in the Life, pp. 120–21.

“a tribute to [their] survival”: Author interview with Peter Brown, 12/12/97.

Everyone knew it also functioned: Les Anthony, 5/85, AGA.

“I think that until now”: Fawcett, John Lennon: One Day at a Time, p. 96.

which George wrote while meandering: “It was written on a nice sunny day in Eric Clapton’s garden.” “Abbey Road Heading for Fame,” Washington Post, 10/5/69.

“The three of us didn’t quite get it”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 552.

“ ‘Come together’ was an expression”: Sheff, Playboy Interviews, p. 170.

John acknowledged the debt: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 553.

“Let’s slow it down”: Paul McCartney in Anthology, p. 339.

“querying bass line”: Riley, Tell Me Why, p. 312.

“On the finished record”: Lewisohn, Sessions, p. 181.

“a group thing”: McCabe & Schonfeld, John Lennon: For the Record, p. 23.

“something slick to preserve the myth”: Goldman, Lives of John Lennon, pp. 353–54.

“People would be walking out”: Lewisohn, Sessions, p. 193.

“getting fairly dodgy”: Paul McCartney in Anthology, p. 340.

“There was a great sort of theater”: Author interview with Alan Brown, 3/28/97.

“a fantastic toy”: Author interview with Alistair Taylor, 1/17/98.

“hundreds of jackplugs”: George Harrison in Anthology, p. 340.

Everest: Paul McCartney in ibid., p. 337.

“someone mentioned the possibility”: Lewisohn, Sessions, p. 193.

“just go outside”: Ibid.

“it was a very hot day”: Paul McCartney in Anthology, p. 341.

“all leonine”: Rolling Stone, record review, Abbey Road, 11/15/69.

“Come on, hurry up”: John Lennon, undated interview, in Anthology, p. 342.

“It had been left there”: Iain Macmillan in Badman, Off the Record, p. 459.

“Barefoot, nice warm day”: Ibid.

“a pleasant but unadventurous”: “Beatles in the Web,” Newsweek, 10/20/69.

“sincere”/“rather dull”: “Abbey Road by Beatles Marked by Moderation,” New York Times, 10/4/69.

In Britain, advance orders: “George’s ‘Abbey Road’ Track as Beatles’ New U.S. Single,” NME, 9/27/69.

“at 5 o’clock on a rainswept”: Newsweek, 11/3/69, p. 62.

Fred LaBour: “This fantastic death wish seems to have been stimulated by a University of Michigan undergraduate named Fred LaBour.” “No, No, No, Paul McCartney Is Not Dead,” New York Times, 11/2/69.

Others who played the entire: “The Magical McCartney Mystery,” LIFE, 11/7/69, p. 104.

“I’m alive and well”: “Paul Makes It Clear: ‘I Feel Fine,’ ” Associated Press wire story, 10/23/69.

“millions of youthful fans”: Newsweek, 11/3/69.

Sgt. Pepper’s reappeared: Billboard, 11/2/69.

“Can you spread it around”: “The Magical McCartney Mystery,” LIFE, 11/7/69, p. 105.

Then, on September 25: “Beatles Lose Fight for Control of Firm,” New York Times, 10/27/69.

“I told Allen I was leaving”: Wenner, Lennon Remembers, p. 60.

alongside “all the great rockers”: John Lennon, 1969 interview in Anthology, p. 347.

Everyone knew the old standards: “I’ve played all these numbers before… so I know them.” Eric Clapton, NME, 12/20/69.

“can’t remember when I had such a good time”: “John Lennon Finds Worm in Beatles’ Apple,” Variety, 10/26/69.

In separate conversations: “I told Eric Clapton and Klaus that I was leaving.” Wenner, Lennon Remembers, p. 60.

“it was not an easy decision”: Fawcett, John Lennon: One Day at a Time, p. 101.

“What do you mean?”: Wenner, Lennon Remembers, p. 60.

“Everybody had tried to leave”: George Harrison in Anthology, p. 348.

“they knew it was for real”: John Lennon, 1978 interview, in Anthology, p. 348.

“Everyone blanched except John”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 561.

“John burst into the room”: Fawcett, John Lennon: One Day at a Time, p. 101.

it felt like “a relief”: Ringo Starr in Anthology, p. 348.

“we knew it was [a] good [decision]”: Ibid., p. 347.

“I wanted out myself”: George Harrison in ibid.

To Paul’s relief: “Paul and Allen said they were glad I wasn’t going to announce it.” Wenner, Lennon Remembers, p. 61.

“since I’d been seventeen”: Paul McCartney in Anthology, p. 349.

“Then, if I did get up”: Miles, Paul McCartney, pp. 568–69.

“We were each other’s intimates”: Ibid., p. 566.

“nobody… quite knew”: Paul McCartney in Anthology, p. 349.

“John’s in love with Yoko”: Evening Standard, 4/70; author interview with Ray Connolly, 8/7/97.

“songs Ringo likes”: Apple Records press release, reported in “Ringo May Be Guesting,” NME, 11/8/69.

“I’d like to do it with the Beatles”: NME, 12/20/69.

“frequently perplexed audience”: “John and Yoko Films,” Washington Post, 10/26/69.

Peace: NME, 11/8/69.

gave away Dor Inis: “Hippies to Look Over Island Offered to Them by a Beatle,” New York Times, 11/14/69.

his drug dealer Michael X: “The time Yoko was in hospital, I sat with her all Saturday afternoon…. Michael X turns up with this big suitcase full of grass, which he gave to John.” Author interview with Ray Connolly, 8/7/97.

“mulling it over”: BBC interview, 11/27/69.

“a lunatic or something”: “Why Put Down What We’re Doing?” NME, 11/22/69.

“Clown of the Year”: Daily Mirror, 12/18/69.

“mixed [it] instantly”: George Harrison in Anthology, p. 350.

“fantastic… like there were fifty people”: Goldman, Lives of John Lennon, p. 370.

“None of us could face remixing”: John Lennon, 1971 interview, in Anthology, p. 350.

“to tidy up some of the tracks”: Evening Standard, 4/21/70.

He threatened to sue Klein: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 576.

“It’s stupid for Apple”: Memo, John Lennon and George Harrison, 3/5/70.

“From my point of view”: Paul McCartney in Anthology, p. 351.

He even called Joe Lockwood: “I’m being sabotaged, Sir Joe.” Brown & Gaines, Love You Make, p. 365.

“I want to get off the label”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 570.

“Unfortunately, it was Ringo”: Paul McCartney in Anthology, p. 351.

“We want you to put your release date”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 573.

“I called him everything under the sun”: Evening Standard, 4/21/70.

“it was near enough”: Paul McCartney in Anthology, p. 351.

“there was no common goal”: John Lennon, 1971 interview, in Anthology, p. 352.

“almost made me cry”: Miles, Paul McCartney, p. 572.

“Beatle Paul McCartney confirmed today”: Aberdeen Evening Express, 4/10/70.

“He was cross”: Author interview with Ray Connolly, 8/7/97.

“It was wonderful and it’s over”: John Lennon, undated interview, in Anthology, p. 352.