AW: Annie Ward.
AWM: Annie Ward Mailliard.
Chapman: John Jay Chapman, “Doctor Howe,” Learning and Other Essays (New York: Moffatt, Yard and Company, 1910).
Clifford: Deborah Pickman Clifford, Mine Eyes Have Seen the Glory: A Biography of Julia Ward Howe (Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1979).
Donald: David Herbert Donald, Charles Sumner (New York: Da Capo Press, 1996).
Donald, Coming: David Herbert Donald, Charles Sumner and the Coming of the Civil War (Napierville, IL: Sourcebooks, 2009).
Eleventh Hour: Maud Howe Elliott, The Eleventh Hour in the Life of Julia Ward Howe (Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1911).
Elliott and Hall, Laura Bridgman: Maud Howe Elliott and Florence Howe Hall, Laura Bridgman: Dr. Howe’s Famous Pupil and What He Taught Her (Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1904).
Gale: Robert L. Gale, Thomas Crawford: American Sculptor (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1964).
Gitter: Elizabeth Gitter, The Imprisoned Guest (New York: Picador, 2001).
Grant: Mary H. Grant, Private Woman, Public Person: An Account of the Life of Julia Ward Howe from 1818–9 to 1868 (Brooklyn, NY: Carlson Publishing Company, 1994).
Grinnell: Nancy Whipple Grinnell, Carrying the Torch: Maud Howe Elliott and the American Renaissance (Hanover and London: University Press of New England, 2014).
Grodzins: Dean Grodzins, American Heretic: Theodore Parker and Transcendentalism (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2002).
Hatvary: George Egon Hatvary, Horace Binney Wallace (Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1977).
Hermaphrodite: Julia Ward Howe, The Hermaphrodite, edited and with an introduction by Gary Williams (Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press, 2004).
Howe: Laura E. Richards, ed., Letters and Journals of Samuel Gridley Howe. 2 vols. (Boston: Dana Estes & Company, 1906).
Hungry Heart: Gary Williams, Hungry Heart: The Literary Emergence of Julia Ward Howe (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1999).
Journal: JWH, Journal 1863–1910. MS Am 2119 (1107), Houghton Library, Harvard University. Typescript at Maine Historical Society, and partly digitized at www.juliawardhowe.org/genealogy/journals/index.htm.
JWH: Julia Ward Howe.
LHR: Laura Howe Richards.
LOC: Library of Congress.
Longfellow, Letters: Andrew Hilen, ed., The Letters of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. 6 vols. (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1967–1983).
LW: Louisa Ward.
LWC: Louise Ward Crawford.
MHE: Maud Howe Elliott.
MS Am 2119: Howe Family Papers 1819–1910, Houghton Library, Harvard University.
Philosophies of Sex: Renée Bergland and Gary Williams, eds., Philosophies of Sex: Critical Essays on the Hermaphrodite (Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 2012).
Rem.: Julia Ward Howe, Reminiscences, 1819–1899 (Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1899).
Renehan: Edward J. Renehan Jr., The Secret Six (Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 1997).
Reynolds: David S. Reynolds, Walt Whitman’s America: A Cultural Biography (New York: Vintage, 1996).
Reynolds, John Brown: David S. Reynolds, John Brown, Abolitionist (New York: Vintage, 2006).
Richards and Elliott, JWH: Laura E. Richards and Maud Howe Elliott, with assistance by Florence Howe Hall, Julia Ward Howe, 1819–1910. 2 vols. (Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1916).
Richards, SGH: Laura E. Richards, Samuel Gridley Howe (New York: D. Appleton & Company, 1935).
Schwartz: Harold Schwartz, Samuel Gridley Howe: Social Reformer 1801–1876 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1956).
SGH: Samuel Gridley Howe.
Stepping Westward: Laura E. Richards, Stepping Westward (New York and London: D. Appleton & Company, 1931).
SW: Samuel Ward.
Tharp: Louise Hall Tharp, Three Saints and a Sinner (Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1956).
Three Generations: Maud Howe Elliott, Three Generations (Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1923).
Trent: James W. Trent Jr., The Manliest Man: Samuel G. Howe and the Contours of Nineteenth-Century American Reform (Amherst and Boston: University of Massachusetts Press, 2012).
Two Noble Lives: Laura E. Richards, Two Noble Lives: Samuel Gridley Howe, Julia Ward Howe (Boston: Dana Estes & Co., 1911).
Uncle Sam Ward: Maud Howe Elliott, Uncle Sam Ward and His Circle (New York: MacMillan, 1938).
Venet: Wendy Hamand Venet, A Strong-minded Woman: The Life of Mary A. Livermore (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2005).
YHPCCL: Yellow House Papers, Colby College Library.
Ziegler: Valarie H. Ziegler, Diva Julia: The Public Romance and Private Agony of Julia Ward Howe (Trinity Press International, 2003).