Books
Alt, F. L. “A Bell Telephone Laboratories Computing Machine.” In The Origins of Digital Computers: Selected Papers, edited by Brian Randall. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1973.
Andreasen, Nancy. The Creative Brain. New York: Plume, 2006.
Burks, Alice Rowe. Who Invented the Computer? Amherst: Prometheus Books, 2003.
Burks, Alice R., and Arthur W. Burks. The First Electronic Computer: The Atanasoff Story. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1989.
Burton, Tammara. World Changer. Sofia, Bulgaria: Tangra Tannakra Publishers, 2006.
Clark, Lloyd. Anzio: The Friction of War; Italy and the Battle for Rome 1944. London: Headline Review, 2006.
Copeland, B. Jack. “Colossus and the Rise of the Modern Computer.” In Colossus: The Secrets of Bletchley Park’s Codebreaking Computers, edited by B. Jack Copeland et al. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006, pp. 101–15.
Copeland, B. Jack, et al., eds. Colossus: The Secrets of Bletchley Park’s Codebreaking Computers. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006.
Flowers, Thomas H. “Colossus.” In Colossus: The Secrets of Bletchley Park’s Codebreaking Computers, edited by B. Jack Copeland et al. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006, pp. 91–100.
Flowers, Thomas H. “D-Day at Bletchley Park.” In Colossus: The Secrets of Bletchley Park’s Codebreaking Computers, edited by B. Jack Copeland et al. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006, pp. 78–85.
Ginzburg, Ralph. 100 Years of Lynchings. Baltimore: Black Classic Press, 1988.
Hodges, Andrew. Alan Turing: The Enigma. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1983.
Leavitt, David. The Man Who Knew Too Much: Alan Turing and the Invention of the Computer. New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 2006.
Macrae, Norman. John von Neumann: The Scientific Genius Who Pioneered the Modern Computer, Game Theory, Nuclear Deterrence, and Much More, 2nd ed. Providence, RI: American Mathematical Society, 2000.
Marton, Kati. The Great Escape: Nine Jews Who Fled Hitler and Changed the World. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2006.
McCartney, Scott. ENIAC: The Triumphs and the Tragedies of the World’s First Computer. New York: Walker and Company, 1999.
Mollenhoff, Clark R. Atanasoff: Forgotten Father of the Computer. Ames: Iowa State University Press, 1988.
Roberts, Andrew. Storm of War: A New History of the Second World War. London: Allen Lane, 2009.
Sawyer, R. Keith. Explaining Creativity: The Science of Human Innovation. New York: Oxford University Press, 2006.
Zuse, Konrad. The Computer—My Life. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1993.
Articles
Atanasoff, J. V., and A. E. Brandt. “Application of Punched Card Equipment to the Analysis of Complex Spectra.” Journal of the Optical Society of America 26 (1936): 83–85.
Barnet, Belinda. “The Technical Evolution of Vannevar Bush’s Memex.” Digital Humanities Quarterly 2, no. 1 (2008): para. 12.
Berry, Jean. “Clifford Edward Berry, 1918–1963: His Role in Early Computers.” History of Computing 8, no. 4 (October 8, 1986).
Blannin, Alan. “Thomas Flowers.” Daily Telegraph, November 14, 1998.
Colley, David P. “How World War II Wasn’t Won.” New York Times, November 22, 2009, p. A27.
“Machine Remembers.” Des Moines Tribune, January 15, 1941.
Turing, Alan. “Systems of Logic Based on Ordinals.” Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society 2, no. 45 (1939): 161–228.
Wansell, Geoffrey. “How Britain Drove Its Greatest Genius Alan Turing to Suicide … Just for Being Gay.” Daily Mail, September 12, 2009.
Welch, Gregory. “Howard Hathaway Aiken: The Life of a Computer Pioneer.” The Computer Museum Report no. 12 (1985). Accessed online at http://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/TheCompMusRep/TCMR-V12.html.
Web
Epstein, Sheldon. “Review: Who Invented the Computer? The Legal Battle That Changed Computer History.” 2003, http://www.k9ape.com/publicservice/Who%20Invented%20The%20Computer.html.
Good, Jack, Donald Michie, and Geoffrey Tims. “General Report on Tunny.” GCHQ, 1945. Released to the Public Records Office, 2000, HW 24/5 and HW 25/5. Available online at http://www.ellsbury.com/tunny/tunny-000.htm.
“Howard Hathaway Aiken.” Answers.com, undated, http://www.answers.com/ topic/aiken-howard.
“Inventor of the Week Archive.” Lemelson-MIT Program at MIT, September 2008, http://web.mit.edu/invent/iow/i-archive-a.html.
Jbartik, “Worthy Effort, but Not the Definitive Work on Subject [sic].” Amazon.com review, July 22, 1999, http://www.amazon.com/ENIAC-Triumphs-Tragedies-Worlds-Computer/product-reviews/0425176444/ref=cm_cr_pr_ink_next_5?ie=UTF8&showViewpoints=0&pageNumber=5&sortBy=%20bySubmissionDateDescending. Retrieved March 4, 2010.
Randall, Alexander V. “Q&A: A lost interview with ENIAC co-inventor J. Presper Eckert.” ComputerWorld, February 14, 2006, http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/print/108568/Q_A_A_lost_
interview_with_ENIAC_co_ inventor_J._Presper_Eckert.
“Tommy Flowers—Technical Innovator.” BBC/ h2g2, April 8, 2003, www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A1010070.
Interviews and Personal Communications
Atanasoff, John V. Interview conducted by Bonnie Kaplan, August 28, 1977, for the Computer Oral History Collection, Lemelson Center for the Study of Invention and Innovation, Smithsonian National Museum of American History. Repository, Archives Center.
Cox, Kirwan. Author interview, February 22, 2010.
Gustafson, John. Author interview, February 22, 2010.
Gustafson, John. Personal communications, March and April 2010.
Rhodes, Richard. Personal communications, April 2010.
Travis, Irven. Interview conducted by Nancy Stern, October 21, 1977, for the Charles Babbage Institute, The Center for the History of Information Processing, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, p. 18.