NOTES

PROLOGUE

“This means war”: Sherwood, 426–27.

“There’s a report…No”: Hull, 2:1095.

“In all my fifty years of public service”: FRUS: Japan, 1931–1941, 2:787.

“Mr. President, what’s this…simplifies things”: Churchill, 3:605–06.

“Japan started this war…a combat division”: New York Times, Dec. 8, 1941.

“burning bitterness”: Time, April 27, 1936.

CHAPTER 1

“I will not say”: Daniel W. Delano Jr., Franklin Roosevelt and the Delano Influence (1946), 164.

“He never took his eyes”: Rita Halle Kleeman, Gracious Lady: The Life of Sara Delano Roosevelt (1935), 101.

“James Roosevelt is the first person”: Allen Churchill, The Roosevelts: American Aristocrats (1966), 155.

“At a quarter to nine”: Ibid., 156.

his earliest surviving letter: Personal Letters, 1 (after p. xvi). Unless otherwise noted, letters to and from FDR below can be found in this collection. They are cited simply by date.

“Papa is going to buy”: To Deborah Delano, April 10, 1891.

“On this paper”: To Muriel and Warren Robbins, May 30, 1891.

“Thanks very much”: To Sara and James Roosevelt, Sept. 27, 1896.

“I played football”: To Sara and James Roosevelt, Sept. 18, 1896.

“I managed to dislocate”: To Sara and James Roosevelt, Oct. 11, 1896.

“I am all right”: To Sara and James Roosevelt, Sept. 18, 1896.

“Very good”: Personal Letters, 1 (after p. 32).

“Today is broiling”: To Sara and James Roosevelt, May 13, 1900.

“I told him”: To Sara and James Roosevelt, April 28, 1899.

“Make Papa rest”: To Sara and James Roosevelt, Nov. 19, 1900.

“I am so glad”: To Sara and James Roosevelt, Nov. 23, 1900.

“I am too distressed”: To Sara and James Roosevelt, Dec. 3, 1900.

CHAPTER 2

“The sitting room”: To Sara and James Roosevelt, Jan. 9, 1900.

“The rooms look”: To Sara and James Roosevelt, Sept. 25, 1900.

“On Monday”: To Sara and James Roosevelt, Oct. 19, 1900.

“There are still”: To Sara and James Roosevelt, Oct. 5, 1900.

“It is the only one”: To Sara and James Roosevelt, Oct. 19, 1900.

“Last night”: To Sara and James Roosevelt, Oct. 31, 1900.

“President Eliot Declares”: Harvard Crimson, Oct. 29, 1900, in Personal Letters, 1:432n.

“Great fun”: To Sara Roosevelt, Dec. 8, 1901.

“Three hundred beautiful”: New York Times, Jan. 4, 1902.

“Then to the dance”: To Sara Roosevelt, Jan. 6, 1902.

“On Saturday”: To Sara Roosevelt, Oct. 8, 1902.

“greatest disappointment of my life”: Ward, Before the Trumpet, 235–36.

“I am glad to say”: To Sara Roosevelt, Nov. 6, 1903.

“With such a large city”: Harvard Crimson, Oct. 8, 1903, Personal Letters, 1:509.

“the committee in New York”: Harvard Crimson, Jan. 9, 1904, Personal Letters, 1:522.

“I was one”: To Sara Roosevelt, Oct. 26, 1903.

“which was very exclusive”: To Sara Roosevelt, Jan. 30, 1904.

“Mrs. Kay”: Note by Herbert Burgess, Personal Letters, 1:531.

“one of the most beautiful women”: ER, 2:3–4.

“Though he was…our own together”: Ibid., 6, 20, 29–30.

“Poor fellow!”: H. W. Brands, TR: The Last Romantic (1997), 259.

“I simply refused…dance with him”: ER, 1:34, 49, 51.

“To keep my uncles out”: Cook, 1:126, 517n.

“It was quite easy…into thinking”: ER, 1:55, 70–71.

“I am going to get off…deeply ashamed”: Ibid., 81–84, 100–01.

“All the little girls”: Ibid., 108–09.

Alice Sohier: Ward, Before the Trumpet, 254.

“I never want”: From ER, Nov. 24, 1903, FDRL.

“Franklin gave me”: Sara Roosevelt diary, Nov. 26, 1903, FDRL.

“Dearest Cousin Sally”: ER to Sara Roosevelt, Dec. 2, 1903.

“Dearest Mama”: To Sara Roosevelt, Dec. 4, 1903.

“They were a clan”: ER, 1:122.

“She was always”: Michael Teague, Mrs. L: Conversations with Alice Roosevelt Longworth (1981), 154.

“I do…in the family”: Cook, 1:166–67.

“Those closest”: ER, 1:126.

CHAPTER 3

“You will never”: Horace Coon, Columbia, Colossus on the Hudson (1947), 99.

“FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT”: Freidel, 1:82.

“I went to a big law office”: Remarks, Nov. 3, 1941.

“I would be glad to settle”: Earle Looker, This Man Roosevelt (1932), 51–52.

“Dearest Mama”: ER to Sara Roosevelt, June 7, 1905.

“We are so glad”: To Sara Roosevelt, July 22, 1905.

“They write books”: To Sara Roosevelt, Aug. 30, 1905.

“We were ushered”: To Sara Roosevelt, June 16, 1905.

“Everyone is talking”: To Sara Roosevelt, Sept. 7, 1905.

“It was quite a relief…in a little while”: ER, 1:139, 142–46, 152–53.

“They always told me…I was behaving”: Ibid., 143, 147–48, 165.

CHAPTER 4

“I remember him”: Freidel, 1:86.

“I answered”: Theodore Roosevelt, An Autobiography (1913), 63.

“Consider the problem”: H. W. Brands, The Reckless Decade: America in the 1890s (1995), 108–09.

“I thank you”: Poughkeepsie Daily Eagle, Oct. 7, 1910, in Personal Letters, 2:154.

“Humboldt the great traveler”: Speech notes, Personal Letters, 2:157.

“I’m not Teddy”: Freidel, 1:93.

“His patronymic”: New York Times, Jan. 22, 1911.

“Well, if we’ve caught”: Lindley, 78.

“The men arrived”: ER, 1:174–76.

“Leader?”: New York Times, Jan. 22, 1911.

“Franklin D. Roosevelt…United States Senator”: Freidel, 1:97, 106–07.

“The Sheehan men”: New York Times, Jan. 30, 1911.

“delightful smile”: Lindley, 92.

“My husband”: ER, 1:174–75.

“Mr. Sheehan”: Freidel, 1:109.

“We have followed”: Ibid., 115.

“I have just come”: New York Times, April 2, 1911.

CHAPTER 5

“As regards”: Brands, TR, 792.

“We stand”: Ibid., 719.

“By God”: Michael Kazin, A Godly Hero: The Life of William Jennings Bryan (2006), 189.

“praying for Clark”: Freidel, 1:144.

“Wilson nominated”: To ER, July 2, 1912.

“In imbecility”: New York Times, July 30, 1912.

“They refer to us”: Freidel, 1:144.

“Combinations in industry”: Theodore Roosevelt, Social Justice and Popular Rule (1974 reprint of vol. 19 of Memorial Edition of The Works of Theodore Roosevelt), 18.

“The inventive genius”: H. W. Brands, Woodrow Wilson (2003), 21–22.

“No one could understand”: ER, 1:190–91.

“one of the four ugliest”: Lash, 178.

“gnome-like”: ER, 1:192.

“If you can connect me”: Lash, 177.

“As I have pledged…the Murphy ring”: Freidel, 1:151.

“My husband was reelected”: ER, 1:193.

CHAPTER 6

“As I entered”: Josephus Daniels, The Wilson Era: The Years of Peace, 1910–1917 (1944), 124.

“In the Navy Department”: Ibid., 119.

“Daniels was one”: Lindley, 117–18.

“He was in a gay mood…no such ambition”: Daniels, Wilson Era: Years of Peace, 124–29.

to cut the board’s request: William J. Williams, “Josephus Daniels and the U.S. Navy’s Shipbuilding Program during World War I,” Journal of Military History, 60 (Jan. 1996), 9.

“Invasion is not”: Lindley, 120.

“Dreadnoughts”: Freidel, 1:227.

“It was an impressive”: New York Times, March 17, 1914.

“I had not been”: Campaign address, Oct. 30, 1928, Public Papers, 1:60–61.

“Take what is offered”: Freidel, 1:203.

“We did not have”: Campaign address, Oct. 30, 1928, Public Papers, 1:61.

CHAPTER 7

“He was pointed out”: Jonathan Daniels, The End of Innocence (1954), 22.

“The progress of evolution”: Henry Adams, The Education of Henry Adams (1999 ed.), 224.

“pure act”: Brands, TR, 419.

“Mr. Adams”: ER, 1:237.

“I do hope”: From TR, March 18, 1913, The Letters of Theodore Roosevelt, ed. Elting Morison and John M. Blum (1951–54), 7:714.

“You can do…Assistant Secretary of the Navy”: ER, 1:196.

“I have never had”: To ER, July 29, 1913.

“Unlike most…his business”: William F. Halsey and J. Bryan III, Admiral Halsey’s Story (1947), 18.

“Although they didn’t”: Teague, Mrs. L, 158.

“Remember for Nick’s sake”: Betty Boyd Caroli, The Roosevelt Women (1998), 408.

“I was perfectly certain”: ER, 1:206.

“All I remember about Harding”: Roosevelt and Shalett, 71–72.

“I knew him…of his wife”: William Phillips, Ventures in Diplomacy (1952), 68–70.

“My judgment”: From Wilson, April 1, 1914, The Papers of Woodrow Wilson, ed. Arthur S. Link (1966–92), 29:392.

“To repeat”: New York Times, July 24, 1914.

“My senses”: Freidel, 1:183.

Roosevelt told Josephus Daniels: Wilson Era: Years of Peace, 31.

“I am a regular organization Democrat”: New York Times, Sept. 21, 1914.

“Will make an active campaign”: Ibid., Oct. 26, 1914.

CHAPTER 8

“Good morning…in America”: Roosevelt and Brough, 8–11.

“She and Mother”: Ibid., 68.

“I will wire you”: To ER, July 19, 1914.

“it may be impossible”: To ER, July 22, 1914.

“an ordeal to be borne”: Cook, 1:536.

“I believe”: Ralph G. Martin, Cissy (1979), 189.

“Everybody called”: Carol Felsenthal, Alice Roosevelt Longworth (1988), 147.

“Lucy was beautiful”: Teague, Mrs. L, 157–58.

“vague hostility…cold war”: Roosevelt and Brough, 6, 79, 115.

“You never answer”: From ER, July 28, 1917, FDRL.

“She is evidently”: From ER, Sept. 8, 1917, FDRL.

“I count on seeing you”: From ER, Aug. 15, 1917, FDRL.

“There was no mystery”: Roosevelt and Brough, 86.

“I miss you”: ER to Sara Roosevelt, Jan. 22, 1918, FDRL.

“I wish you were always here”: ER to Sara Roosevelt, undated (Feb. 1918), FDRL.

CHAPTER 9

“It would be the irony of fate”: Brands, Woodrow Wilson, 42.

“impartial in thought”: Wilson message, Aug. 19, 1914.

“no triumph of peace”: Brands, TR, 317.

“Now, Sara”: Theodore Roosevelt to Sara Roosevelt, Oct. 2, 1914, Letters of Theodore Roosevelt, 8:821.

“That is to say”: FDR statement, Oct. 21, 1914, New York Times, Oct. 22, 1914.

“The enclosed”: To ER, undated (Oct. 1914), Personal Letters, 2:256–57.

“Mr. Roosevelt”: Lindley, 124.

“really great fun”: To Sara Roosevelt, undated (Dec. 17, 1914), Personal Letters, 2:260–67.

“A battleship…the War College”: FDR testimony, Dec. 16, 1914, New York Times, Dec. 17, 1914.

“The result”: Lansing to Wilson, Sept. 6, 1915, Papers of Wilson.

“There is such a thing”: Wilson address, May 10, 1915, Papers of Wilson.

“unpardonable offense”: Brands, Wilson, 61–62.

“Today Sir C.”: To ER, undated (early 1915), Personal Letters, 2:266–67.

“These are the hectic days”: To ER, undated (June 10, 1915), Personal Letters, 2:270–71.

“I wanted to tell you”: To Wilson, June 9, 1915, Papers of Wilson.

“touched me very much”: From Wilson, June 14, 1915, Papers of Wilson.

“Every minute”: Speech to Navy League, April 13, 1916, FDRL.

“The most extraordinary day”: To ER, Nov. 8, 1916.

“Another day”: To ER, Nov. 9, 1916.

“I want to do right”: Daniels, Cabinet Diaries, 118.

“The world”: Wilson address, April 2, 1917.

“Franklin Roosevelt should”: Wood quoted in Langdon Marvin to FDR, July 17, 1917, FDRL.

“Black care”: Sarah Lyons Watts, Rough Rider in the White House: Theodore Roosevelt and the Politics of Desire (2003), 56.

CHAPTER 10

“How much of that sort of junk”: Daniels, Cabinet Diaries, 118–21.

“pet hobby”: FDR report, Oct. 16, 1918, FDRL.

“Project has previously”: Josephus Daniels, Our Navy at War (1922), 131.

“I am very sorry”: To Wilson, Oct. 29, 1917, with enclosed memo to Daniels, Oct. 29, 1917, Papers of Wilson, 44:464–66.

“I told W. W.”: Daniels, Cabinet Diaries, 228–29.

“exceedingly important”: Ibid., 307.

“If Roosevelt had not been there”: Lindley, 160.

“In the estimation”: H. C. Peterson and Gilbert C. Fite, Opponents of War (1957), 22.

“Every reform”: Ray Stannard Baker, ed., Woodrow Wilson: Life and Letters (1927–39), 5:77.

“selection from a nation”: Peterson and Fite, Opponents of War, 23.

“white heat”: James R. Mock and Cedric Larson, Words That Won the War (1939), 124.

“Making the ten servants”: New York Times, July 17, 1917.

“I am proud”: To ER, July 18, 1917.

“I’d like to crawl away”: From ER, July 20, 1917, FDRL.

“The bottom dropped out”: ER to Lash, Oct. 25, 1943, in Lash, 220.

“Always remember”: Teague, Mrs. L, 158.

“One can be”: Sara Roosevelt to FDR and ER, Oct. 14, 1917.

The children…inferred: Cook, 1:232.

CHAPTER 11

“If you have approved”: Wilson statement, Oct. 19, 1918, Papers of Wilson.

“a beautifully built young man”: From Camp, July 25, 1917, FDRL.

“Very interesting”: ER to Sara Roosevelt, Jan. 9, 1919.

“The old lion is dead”: Brands, TR, 811.

“We were shocked”: ER to Sara Roosevelt, Jan. 9, 1919.

“Hail the Champion…or superhuman”: Thomas J. Knock, To End All Wars: Woodrow Wilson and the Quest for a New World Order (1992), 194–95.

“I never saw anything”: ER to Sara Roosevelt, Jan. 11, 1919.

“a fait accompli”: FDR to Sara Roosevelt, Jan. 18, 1919.

“This is a big success”: ER to Sara Roosevelt, Jan. 14, 1919.

“The German people”: Ward, First-Class Temperament, 427.

“The United States…to any man”: ER, 1:289–90.

“Any man who resists”: Wilson speech, Feb. 24, 1919, Papers of Wilson.

“Not on your life”: Diary entry of Cary T. Grayson, July 10, 1919, Papers of Wilson.

“There will come some time”: Wilson address, Sept. 5, 1919, Papers of Wilson.

“It seems a safe assertion”: New York Times, Sept. 15, 1919.

“He looked as if he were dead”: Irwin Hood (Ike) Hoover, Forty-two Years in the White House (1934), 99.

“Things have been so quiet”: To Daniels, April 3, 1919, FDRL.

“I wish it were possible”: To H. Morton Merriman, March 5, 1919, FDRL.

CHAPTER 12

“I went over to the Attorney General’s”: New York Times, June 3, 1919; Washington Post, June 3, 1919.

“although a Democrat”: New York Times, July 5, 1917.

“As we came in sight”: FDR quoted in letter from Claude Bowers to Cox, in Personal Letters, 2:496–97.

“Modern civilization”: Acceptance speech, Aug. 9, 1920, Personal Letters, 2:500–08.

“It would have done”: Daniels to ER, July 7, 1920, in ER, 1:310.

“I was glad…of little value”: ER, 1:311–20.

“Thank the Lord”: To Early, Dec. 21, 1920.

CHAPTER 13

Black and Fidelity threw a dinner: New York Times, Jan. 8, 1921.

“Never have I imagined”: To Black, Jan. 13, 1921, FDRL.

“Lay Navy Scandal…dead history”: New York Times, July 20, 1921; U.S. Senate, Committee on Naval Affairs, Alleged Immoral Conditions at Newport Naval Training Station (1921).

“I thought he looked quite tired”: Missy LeHand to ER, Aug. 23, 1921, FDRL.

“I’d never felt anything so cold”: Earle Looker, This Man Roosevelt, 111.

“We thought yesterday”: ER to James R. Roosevelt, Aug. 18, 1921.

“He can do so much more”: Lovett to Bennett, Sept. 2, 1921.

“Thank heavens”: ER to James R. Roosevelt, Aug. 14, 1921.

“for $600!”: ER to James R. Roosevelt, Aug. 18, 1921.

“Dearest Mama”: ER to Sara Roosevelt, Aug. 27, 1921.

“He is a cripple”: David M. Oshinsky, Polio: An American Story (2005), 32.

“I am glad you are back…hear them all laughing”: Ward, First-Class Temperament, 594; Sara Roosevelt to Dora Delano Forbes, Sept. 3, 1921, FDRL.

“F. D. Roosevelt Ill”: New York Times, Sept. 16, 1921.

Dr. Louis Harris, reported: Ibid., Sept. 18, 1921.

“Fellow Sufferer”: From Elizabeth Carleton, Sept. 17, 1921.

“If I could feel assured”: To Carleton, Sept. 23, 1921.

“This is just a line”: From Walter Camp, Sept. 19, 1921.

“I can assure you”: To Camp, Sept. 28, 1921.

“The psychological factor”: Davis, 1:665.

CHAPTER 14

“He hauled off”: Daniels, Wilson Era: Years of Peace, 131.

“dirty, ugly little man”: Roosevelt and Shalett, 148.

“Granny, with a good insight”: ER and Anna Roosevelt, 31.

“most trying…gone to pieces”: ER, 1:338–39.

“I became conscious…injure someone”: Ibid., 342–43.

“I had a very bad habit”: Ibid., 352.

“The legs work wonderfully”: Ward, First-Class Temperament, 645.

“A grand and glorious occasion”: Ibid., 651–52.

“The old hotel”: ER, 2:26.

“I spent over an hour”: To Sara Roosevelt, undated (Oct. 1924), Personal Letters, 2:564–65.

“The doctor says”: Ibid.

“We have gone motoring”: To ER, undated (Oct. 1924), Personal Letters, 2:566.

“I remember the first house…to its owner”: ER, 2:27–28.

“On Wednesday the people”: To Sara Roosevelt, undated (Oct.–Nov. 1924), Personal Letters, 2:566.

This Logbook: Quoted in Roosevelt and Brough, 159–60.

“Resourcefulness and good humor”: Ibid., 165.

“Where are your husbands?”: Lash, 298.

“But aren’t you girls silly?…Love Nest on the Val-Kill”: Kenneth S. Davis, Invincible Summer: An Intimate Portrait of the Roosevelts, Based on the Recollections of Marion Dickerman (1974), 34–36, 50; Cook, 1:325. As Davis points out, there is some reason to believe that Dickerman remembered the date inaccurately and that the suggestion to build the cottage came earlier.

“She wanted to use methods…in a text book”: ER, 2:33, 36.

CHAPTER 15

“I was informed”: ER and Anna Roosevelt, 33.

“Sis was in a hurry”: Roosevelt and Brough, 238.

“Eleanor dear”: Lash, 301.

“In the summer of 1926”: Roosevelt and Shalett, 176–77.

“I remember staying mad…and faults quiet”: Ibid., 178–84.

“Last night we caught”: Larooco log, March 22, 1924, Personal Letters.

“My own knees”: To James R. Roosevelt, April 28, 1925.

“I had a nice visit”: To Sara Roosevelt, March 7, 1926.

“I know how you love creative work”: From ER, May 4, 1926.

“The first thing to be done”: Atlanta Constitution, May 9, 1926.

“The waters of Warm Springs”: Ibid., April 21, 1926.

“Mrs. Ford and I”: From Edsel Ford, March 15, 1928.

“Roosevelt, the Reliever”: Atlanta Constitution, Aug. 23, 1927.

“We’ll grow no cotton”: Bernard Asbell, The F.D.R. Memoirs (1973), 140.

“was treated as a simple fact of life…impotentia coeundi”: Roosevelt and Brough, 198–205.

“It was way back in 1924”: Remarks, March 8, 1937.

“So I went down to the station”: Remarks, March 30, 1939.

CHAPTER 16

“making big money”: New York Times, May 25, 1922.

“In every county”: Ibid., Aug. 15, 1922.

“It appears”: Freidel, 2:117.

“I had quite a tussle”: Steve Neal, Happy Days Are Here Again (2004), 58.

“very successful summer”: To James Cox, Dec. 8, 1922, FDRL.

“I stand four square”: Lee N. Allen, “The McAdoo Campaign for the Presidential Nomination in 1924,” Journal of Southern History 29 (1963), 218.

“I am not wholly convinced”: To Cox, Dec. 8, 1922, FDRL.

“Society of Nations”: Reprinted in ER, 2:353–66.

“Shall We Trust Japan?”: Asia 23 (July 1923), 476–77, copy in FDRL.

“The paramount ambition”: Maury Klein, Rainbow’s End: The Crash of 1929 (2001), 29.

“I have no trouble”: The Autobiography of William Allen White (1946), 619.

“Go up and shake it”: Roosevelt and Brough, 218.

“To meet again”: New York Times, June 27, 1924.

“A noble utterance”: Lindley, 223.

“the one man whose name…holds observers enchained”: New York Herald Tribune, July 1, 1924, and New York Evening World, July 7, 1924, in Personal Letters, 2:562–63.

“I am here to make”: New York Times, July 9, 1924.

“The most popular man in the convention”: New York Times, July 10, 1924.

“I met your friend Franklin Roosevelt”: Freidel, 2:180.

CHAPTER 17

“The Democracy must make it clear”: To Thomas J. Walsh, Feb. 8, 1925, New York Times, March 9, 1925.

“throw away”: New York Times, April 9, 1925.

“He was, at first, fearful”: To William Oldfield, April 11, 1925, FDRL.

“God aimed at Darrow”: Edward John Larson, Summer for the Gods: The Scopes Trial and America’s Continuing Debate over Science and Religion (1997), 200.

“Strictly between ourselves”: To Daniels, June 23, 1927, FDRL.

“not a war of revenge…which matters”: “Our Foreign Policy: A Democratic View,” Foreign Affairs, July 1928.

“It is that quality of soul”: New York Times, June 28, 1928.

“Tammany is Tammany…to the people of this country”: Christopher M. Finan, Alfred E. Smith: The Happy Warrior (2002), 206–13.

“They told me how much…I had not been calling”: ER, 2:44–46.

“Damn the Foundation!…any more questions”: Lindley, 19–20.

“Mess is no name for it”: Davis, 2:29.

“Smith has burned his bridges”: To Van Lear Black, July 25, 1928, FDRL.

“Somewhere in a pigeon-hole”: Address of Oct. 20, 1928, Public Papers, 1:30–31.

“I have just come from the South”: Address of Oct. 17, 1928, Public Papers, 1:19–21.

“One of the most oppressing things…your miserable soul”: Addresses of Oct. 20 and 22, 1928, Personal Papers, 1:32–38, 43.

“Tell the candidate”: Rosenman, 17.

“This is Franklin Roosevelt”: Ibid., 26.

CHAPTER 18

“In the past, wish, want, and desire”: William Leach, Land of Desire: Merchants, Power, and the Rise of a New American Culture (1993), 375.

“Advertising is the spark plug…of one year”: Klein, Rainbow’s End, 121–24.

“Wherever one went”: Ibid., 190.

“Hardly a week now passes”: New York Times, Aug. 11, 1929.

“Business is entering…prosperous coming year”: Klein, Rainbow’s End, 163.

“One of the oldest and perhaps the noblest”: Frederick Lewis Allen, Only Yesterday: An Informal History of the 1920s (1957 ed.), 303.

“We have reached a higher degree”: Hoover inaugural address, March 4, 1929.

“It looks like”: To Archie Roosevelt, Nov. 19, 1928, FDRL.

“definitely remain in the people…reasonable and friendly”: Annual message, Jan. 2, 1929, Public Papers, 1:80–86.

“Elections were won or lost”: New York Times, Jan. 18, 1929.

“not a single move”: Radio address, April 3, 1929, Public Papers, 1:541–46.

“The business community”: To Herbert Pell, Jan. 28, 1929.

“You’re sitting on a volcano”: Klein, Rainbow’s End, 193.

“A crash is coming”: New York Times, Sept. 6, 1929.

“lunatic fringe of reckless speculation”: Ibid., Oct. 24, 1929.

“Wild-eyed speculators”: Ibid., Oct. 25, 1929.

“We believe that present conditions”: Klein, Rainbow’s End, 215.

“The fundamental business of the country”: Hoover news conference, Oct. 25, 1929.

“East side, west side…unstable equilibrium”: New York Times, Dec. 11, 1929.

“The stock market and business”: Klein, Rainbow’s End, 182.

“The very existence of the Federal Reserve System”: John Steele Gordon, Hamilton’s Blessing: The Extraordinary Life and Times of Our National Debt (1997), 116–17.

“I do not assume the rate structure”: Hoover statement, June 16, 1930.

CHAPTER 19

“The tremendous vote for Governor Roosevelt”: New York Times, Nov. 5, 1930.

“It is a joy to cooperate with him”: From House, March 23, 1931.

“He has a wholesome breeziness of manner”: Howe to House, Aug. 17, 1931, Personal Letters, 3:210.

“Bill was a canny politician”: Farley, 1:83–85.

“He seemed glad to see me…damn fool friends”: From Howell, Dec. 2, 1931.

“Though the people support the government”: Richard E. Welch Jr., The Presidencies of Grover Cleveland (1988), 80.

“The economic depression…latitude and discretion”: Message to legislature, Aug. 28, 1931, Public Papers.

“It is the simple duty”: To F. W. McLean, Jan. 22, 1932, Public Papers.

“forgotten man…mobilize to meet it”: Radio address, April 7, 1932, Public Papers.

“Two weeks ago…adjunct of manhood”: Address, April 18, 1932, Public Papers.

“As you have viewed this world”: Speech, May 22, 1932, Public Papers.

“The art of carrying water”: Column, Jan. 8, 1932, in Walter Lippmann, Interpretations, 1931–1932 (1932), 259–62.

“He became quite heated”: Finan, Alfred E. Smith, 270.

“If the Democratic National Convention”: New York Times, Feb. 8, 1932.

“Why in hell don’t he speak out?”: From Howell, Dec. 2, 1931.

“large source of additional revenue”: New York Times, Feb. 21, 1932.

“In common with millions…American participation”: Ibid., Feb. 3, 1932.

“Because I am at least an adopted Georgian”: To Atlanta Constitution, Feb. 20, 1931.

“We’ll vote for Jack Garner…one more national election”: Freidel, 3:309–10.

CHAPTER 20

“Curiously unworn…anything else”: Tugwell, 21–27.

“You ask what he is like…his visitor said”: Moley, 3–11.

“sturdy and rugged character”: New York Times, July 3, 1932.

“As Mr. Roosevelt advanced”: Ibid.

“The Democratic party…its own people”: Acceptance address, July 2, 1932.

“I have a streak of Dutch stubbornness”: Farley, 1:164.

“Industrial prosperity”: Speech, Sept. 14, 1932, Public Papers.

“the entire absence of national planning”: Speech, Sept. 17, 1932, Public Papers.

“This principle of tariff by negotiation”: Speech, Sept. 20, 1932, Public Papers.

“The question of power”: Speech, Sept. 21, 1932, Public Papers.

“We are paying…can make to business”: Campaign address, Oct. 19, 1932, Public Papers.

“He had no business…essence of revolution”: Stephen E. Ambrose, Eisenhower, vol. 1 (1983), 98–99.

“A considerable part of those remaining”: Hoover statements, July 28 and 29, 1932.

“Well, Felix”: Donald J. Lisio, The President and Protest: Hoover, Conspiracy, and the Bonus Riot (1974), 285.

“God damn it, Frank!…his own way”: Tugwell, 430–34.

“Give me a lift or I’ll vote for Hoover”: Richard Norton Smith, An Uncommon Man: The Triumph of Herbert Hoover (1984), 143.

“It is a catastrophe for us”: Ibid., 143–44.

“labyrinth of inaccurate statements…to be preserved”: Hoover statements, Oct. 4, 12, 22, and 31, 1932.

“As the campaign moved down the homestretch”: Farley, 1:184.

“Our case has been stated…of its accomplishment”: Campaign address, Nov. 5, 1932, Public Papers.

“Give my regards”: Farley, 1:187.

CHAPTER 21

“I wish I knew what you are really thinking”: ER, 2:69, 74.

“Before the end of our years”: Ibid., 56.

“When we finally got home”: Roosevelt and Shalett, 231–32.

“very simple religion”: ER, 2:69.

“My education was that of an engineer”: Smith, Uncommon Man, 153.

“I am loath to proceed”: Hoover to Roosevelt, Nov. 12, 1932 (released Nov. 13, 1932).

“The President’s telegram”: Moley, 68.

“I have a number of things”: Freidel, 4:27.

“When we arrived in Washington”: Moley, 72–73.

“I’ll be in the White House”: Tugwell, 411.

“My chief fear”: Stimson diary (Yale University microfilm), Nov. 22, 1932.

“My view is that the most convenient”: New York Times, Nov. 24, 1932.

“very much excited”: Stimson diary, Nov. 23, 1932.

“Serious problems”: Hoover message to Congress, Dec. 19, 1932.

“It is my view”: To Hoover, Dec. 19, 1932, Public Papers.

“The best reason”: Tugwell, 297–98.

“In taking leave of you”: Address, Jan. 2, 1933, Public Papers.

“from the mountains of Virginia”: Extemporaneous remarks, Jan. 21, 1933, Public Papers.

“That means that among the other duties”: Remarks, Feb. 15, 1933, Public Papers.

“Had you tried to kill in Italy?”: “Sworn Statement of Joseph Zangara,” Feb. 16, 1933, Franklin D. Roosevelt Assassination Attempt (FBI report released under Freedom of Information Act; available at University of Miami Libraries Web site).

to save $2,500: C. D. McKean to J. Edgar Hoover, Feb. 16, 1933, FBI report.

“I heard what I thought”: New York Times, Feb. 17, 1933.

“Was anybody with you?”: “Sworn Statement of Joseph Zangara,” Feb. 16, 1933, FBI report.

“Roosevelt’s nerve”: Moley, 139.

“My client has insisted…to check crime”: New York Times, Feb. 21, 1933.

“Damn fool, worthless shot”: Letter from informant whose name was deleted upon declassification, March 21, 1933, FBI report.

“Lousy capitalists”: New York Times, March 21, 1933.

“Mr. President, as you know”: Roosevelt and Shalett, 252.

“Though the city was gay”: New York Times, March 5, 1933.

“This is a day”: Ibid.

CHAPTER 22

“all banking transactions shall be suspended”: Proclamation, March 6, 1933.

“A common adversity”: Wall Street Journal, March 4, 1933.

“I have been so occupied”: Extemporaneous remarks, March 6, 1933.

“I got the sense”: Moley, 112.

“I was really almost thunderstruck”: Hull, 1:156.

“It’s an open secret”: Moley, 114.

“with fervent good wishes”: Rixey Smith and Norman Beasley, Carter Glass (1939), 333.

“Prefer a wooden roof”: Moley, 122.

“Which one of you is Ikes?”: Freidel, 4:154–55.

“As you will eventually meet anyhow”: Moley, 127.

“Generally speaking”: New York Times, Feb. 26, 1933.

“So far as I was able to judge”: Tully, 172–73.

“My hope is that these conferences”: Press conference, March 8, 1933.

“Will you go to Congress”: Ibid.

“Mr. Hoover always had a smile”: Washington Sunday Star, March 4, 1934, excerpted in Public Papers, 2:45.

“I realize that if these declarations”: Hoover to David Reed, Feb. 20, 1933, William Starr Myers and Walter H. Newton, eds., The Hoover Administration: A Documented Narrative (1936), 341.

“my friend Robey”: Myers and Newton, Hoover Administration, 341.

“until further proclamation”: Proclamation, March 9, 1933.

“I want to talk for a few minutes”: Fireside Chat, March 12, 1933.

CHAPTER 23

“Granny endured it”: Roosevelt and Shalett, 55.

“I shall leave my son…to be thankful for”: Ibid., 271–73.

“I was lucky”: ER, 2:90.

“I have great respect”: Ibid., 104.

“What kind of a joint is this?”: Roosevelt and Shalett, 265.

“This is my little boy…he offered me”: Ibid., 230, 253–54.

“I guess I’ve worked myself out of a job”: Alfred B. Rollins Jr., Roosevelt and Howe (1962), 454.

“Tell the president to go to hell”: Ibid., 435.

“I hope to God you drown!”: Roosevelt and Shalett, 226.

“She is one of the best groomed women…harder than anybody else”: Washington Post, June 28, 1936, and Aug. 1, 1944.

“A little too large to be cozy”: Perkins, 65–66.

“I’d love to, Mr. President”: Tully, 311–12.

“I’ve never heard”: Ibid., 23–25.

“It’s a damn lie…what was she like?”: Ibid., 79–87.

CHAPTER 24

“The president drove the moneychangers”: Leuchtenburg, 44.

“Capitalism was saved in eight days”: Moley, 155.

“With the utmost seriousness”: Message to Congress, March 10, 1933.

“that great marble building”: Campaign address, Oct. 19, 1932, Public Papers.

“If you don’t support this bill…approval of Congress”: Freidel, 4:245.

“shut the doors of the chambers…depression burden”: New York Times, March 12, 1933.

“It will be exercised”: Message, March 10, 1933.

“courageous…permanent recovery”: Summary of editorials in New York Times, March 10, 1933.

“Last week marked an end”: Wall Street Journal, March 13, 1933.

“I guess at your next election”: Schlesinger, 2:13.

“If this currency results”: San Francisco Chronicle, excerpted in New York Times, March 10, 1933.

“Pathetic letters…get one started first”: Freidel, 4:84–85.

“I am going to call farmers’ leaders together”: Christiana McFadyen Campbell, The Farm Bureau and the New Deal: A Study of the Making of National Farm Policy, 1933–40 (1962), 51.

“Things were complicated”: Tugwell diary, Dec. 31, 1932, FDRL.

“No permanent relief is possible”: Freidel, 4:315.

“Purely discretionary”: Press conference, April 21, 1933.

“The chief purpose of the order”: Statement, April 5, 1933.

“This order served to prevent”: Note to Executive Order 6102, April 5, 1933.

“Congratulate me…instead of permissive”: Freidel, 4:333; Moley, 159–60.

“designed for the purpose”: Note to Executive Order 6111, April 20, 1933.

“When you send out this army…today to Hitler”: New York Times, March 22 and 23, 1933.

CHAPTER 25

“You know”: Press conference, May 19, 1933.

“I was rather surprised…Roosevelt sent his wife”: ER, 2:112–13; Lash, 367.

“Instead, he began to describe”: Moley, 173–74.

“The idea is to put people…Can’t tell you”: Press conference, March 15, 1933.

“The overwhelming majority”: Message to Congress, March 21, 1933.

“of fascism, of Hitlerism”: New York Times, March 25, 1933.

“No, because I might seem…no clothing”: Press conference, March 22, 1933.

“The peace conference”: Moley, 176.

“The big objective”: Press conference, March 29, 1933.

“a tortuous dance”: Moley, 183.

“This measure at last translates”: Statement, May 27, 1933.

“the most wonderful real estate speculation”: Richard Lewis Neuberger and Stephen Bertram Kahn, Integrity: The Life of George W. Norris (1937), 207.

“What are you going to say”: Eric F. Goldman, Rendezvous with Destiny (1956 ed.), 263.

“It was a glorious fight”: Freidel, 4:354.

CHAPTER 26

“You realize”: Moley, 189.

“The country was dying”: Fireside Chat, May 7, 1933.

“There was a certain little sweater factory”: Press conference, April 12, 1933.

“slight but definite upturn…well-rounded national recovery”: Address, May 4, 1933.

“We’re fiddling along”: Freidel, 4:437, 445.

“How much longer…expect it to be used”: New York Times, June 1, 1933.

“There is a revolt in the air”: Freidel, 4:447.

“by now a thorough hodge-podge”: Moley, 190.

“In my Inaugural…of public disapproval”: Message, June 16, 1933.

“sincere and whole-hearted cooperation”: To Henry Rainey et al., June 16, 1933.

“Now that Congress has gone”: New York Times, June 18, 1933.

“Ray, that fellow in there…confidence and power”: Raymond B. Fosdick, Chronicle of a Generation (1958), 247.

“None of us close to F.D.R…. seemed to worry him”: Moley, 191–92.

CHAPTER 27

“Last week”: Time, Feb. 6, 1933.

“as everyone knew”: Moley, 199.

“It was never the purpose”: Joint statement by FDR and MacDonald, April 23, 1933, FRUS: 1933, 1:491.

“Pay as much as you can”: Memo of conversation, April 27, 1933, FRUS: 1933, 1:497–99.

“first, the desire…ultimately blocked”: Message, May 16, 1933.

“All problems at present…harm the world”: New York Times, May 18, 1933.

“If we are to succeed”: Hull address, June 13, 1933, FRUS: 1933, 1:637.

“I felt almost physically ill”: Moley, 219, 227.

“Such reports cannot be founded in fact”: Statement, June 15, 1933.

“absolutely off the record”: Press conference, June 16, 1933.

“permanent lack of accord…of the New World”: Le Monde and German papers excerpted in New York Times, June 21 and 22, 1933.

“If you love us at all”: From Cox, June 22, 1933, FRUS 1933, 1:654.

“I want to ask you…to cooperate about”: Moley, 234–36.

“liaison officer”: New York Times, June 21 and 22, 1933.

“Moley’s reception in London”: Hull, 1:260.

“specious fallacy”: Wireless message, July 3, 1933.

“A Manifesto of Anarchy”: Schlesinger, 2:224.

“America is the bonfire boy”: Daily Express excerpted in New York Times, July 5, 1933.

“All stated very clearly”: From Hull via Phillips, July 4, 1933, FRUS: 1933, 1:683.

“I have rarely seen a man”: Moley, 263.

“going on the rocks”: Press conference, July 5, 1933.

“We have enough grousing”: Press conference, Aug. 5, 1933.

“That piss-ant Moley…from Moley’s back”: Schlesinger, 2:230–32; Moley in Bingham to Phillips, July 4, 1933, FRUS: 1933, 1:680.

CHAPTER 28

“If public opinion…and immediate action”: Hugh S. Johnson, The Blue Eagle from Egg to Earth (1935), 57, 68, 75, 93–94, 114, 123–25.

“I think he’s a good number-three man”: Perkins, 200–01.

“Stick with Hugh”: Ibid., 202–03.

“It will be red fire at first”: Johnson, Blue Eagle, 208.

“I am now asking”: Statement, July 9, 1933.

“In war, in the gloom…the American people”: Fireside Chat, July 24, 1933.

“There were, on both sides…by a professor”: Johnson, Blue Eagle, 226–28.

“It must have been amusing”: Press conference, Aug. 5, 1933.

“a pretty tough baby”: New York Times, Sept. 19, 1933.

“If you do not give us price regulations”: Daniel Yergin, The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money, and Power (1991), 256.

“General,” the newsman asked: New York Times, Aug. 30, 1933.

“I don’t think he has put it quite that way”: Press conference, Aug. 30, 1933.

“Can you tell us anything”: Press conference, Oct. 27, 1933.

“I want to avoid even the smallest semblance”: Schlesinger, 2:110.

“Women do 80 percent…the whole situation”: Johnson, Blue Eagle, 264–65.

“Swollen by streams of passengers”: New York Times, Sept. 14, 1933.

“But it wasn’t my arm”: Johnson, Blue Eagle, 267.

“There have been more brilliant processions”: New York Times, Sept. 15, 1933.

“This is off the record…third of the way back”: Press conference, Sept. 13, 1933.

“I have been dissatisfied”: Press conference, Sept. 16, 1933.

“From the standpoint of human welfare…union of his youth”: Schlesinger, 2:138–43.

“I want personally to check on the location”: John A. Salmond, The Civilian Conservation Corps (1967), 30.

“It is clearly impossible”: Ibid., 35.

“I wish I could spend a couple of months here”: New York Times, Aug. 13, 1933.

CHAPTER 29

“It was like being on top of the world”: New York Times, April 21, 1933.

“No one is worth $500 a minute”: Time, June 4, 1934.

“They predicted …Never!”: Lorena A. Hickok, Eleanor Roosevelt: Reluctant First Lady (1962, 1980), 120, 161, 172–76.

“I’ve been wondering…feel very empty”: Cook, 2:175, 190–200.

“the color of a sunburn coming on”: A. J. Liebling, The Earl of Louisiana (1970), 8.

“It is here under this oak”: Huey P. Long, Every Man a King: The Autobiography of Huey P. Long (1933; 1996 reprint), 99.

“I used to try to get things done…I’ll be for him”: Alan Brinkley, Voices of Protest: Huey Long, Father Coughlin, and the Great Depression (1982), 25, 28, 39, 46.

“Seven motor trucks”: Saturday Evening Post, Oct. 15, 1932.

“I want to stay on good terms”: Brinkley, Voices, 60.

“It was a morning appointment”: Farley, 1:240–42.

“While you are at it”: T. Harry Williams, Huey Long (1981 ed.), 639.

“God invited us all”: Brinkley, Voices, 71–72.

“a voice of such mellow richness”: Ibid., 92.

“The New Deal is Christ’s deal”: Leuchtenburg, 101.

“Dr. Townsend’s error”: Column, Jan. 3, 1935, in Lippmann, Interpretations: 1933–1935 (1936), 374.

“My plan is too simple”: Time, Jan. 14, 1935.

“The zeal of those promoting the plan…get back home”: Ibid.

“Capitalism has served its time”: New York Times, Aug. 30, 1934.

“When I got up at 7:30”: Hickok to ER, Nov. 11 and 12, 1933, One Third of a Nation, 91–92.

“A few hundred funerals”: Leuchtenburg, 113.

“Her quoted speed is 30 knots”: New York Times, July 1, 1934.

“In the field of world policy”: Inaugural address, March 4, 1933.

“the definite policy of the United States”: Address, Dec. 28, 1933.

“They constitute an integral part”: Address, July 28, 1934.

“It will put the president”: Frances Perkins oral history (Columbia University microfilm), 6:311.

“both old friends of mine”: Address, Aug. 9, 1934.

“No country, however rich”: Radio address, Sept. 30, 1934.

“He has been all but crowned”: Time, Nov. 19, 1934.

CHAPTER 30

“There is no reason”: Perkins, 281–83.

“I felt sure that the political climate…are obliged to”: Ibid.

“Unemployment insurance will be in the program”: Address, Nov. 14, 1934.

“If the federal aspects of the law…insurance system”: Perkins, 286–94.

“I guess you’re right on the economics”: Schlesinger, 2:308–09.

“You will hurt Bob Doughton’s feelings”: Perkins, 296.

“ultimate socialistic control…will be felt”: Schlesinger, 2:311–12.

“We have tried to frame a law”: Address, Aug. 14, 1935.

“You go first”: Hickok report to Hopkins, Oct. 2–12, 1933, One Third of a Nation, 47–48.

“Action had to be immediate”: Sherwood, 44–45.

“The half-billion dollars”: Washington Post, May 23, 1933.

“they were young, thin”: Hallie Flanagan, Arena (1940), 25.

“It takes a lot of nerve”: Ibid., 26.

“There is not in the state”: Hickok to Hopkins, Aug. 16–26, 1933, One Third of a Nation, 20.

“They are a curiously appealing people”: Hickok to Hopkins, Aug. 31–Sept. 3, 1933, One Third of a Nation, 25–26.

“Everything I own”: Hickok to Hopkins, Oct. 30, 1933, One Third of a Nation, 56–57.

“I worked every Sunday”: U.S. Senate, Nomination of Ebert K. Burlew: Hearings before the Committee on Public Lands and Surveys (1938), 7.

“All day planning the work program”: Hopkins diary, May 13, 1935, FDRL.

“It is becoming ever clearer”: Ickes, 1:378.

“Ickes is a good administrator”: Schlesinger, 3:344.

“Hopkins will fly off on tangents”: Ickes, 1:352.

“He has a mind like a razor”: Sherwood, 80.

“Hell,” he said: Ibid., 57.

“We voted millions upon millions…Franklin D. Roosevelt”: Ickes, 1:425–29, 589–94.

CHAPTER 31

“Oh, I’ve kidded myself”: Hickok to Hopkins, April 11, 1934, One Third of a Nation, 217.

“absolute state socialism”: Schlesinger, 2:121.

“The excessive centralization”: Walter Lippmann, Interpretations, 1933–1935, 98–99.

“Men have died”: Schlesinger, 2:120; Johnson, Blue Eagle, 265.

“hitting below the belt”: Schlesinger, 2:153.

“complete and perfect buffer”: New York Times, Sept. 28, 1934.

“You can treasure in your hearts”: Ibid., Oct. 2, 1934.

“We must keep the NRA going…that ever was achieved”: Schlesinger, 2:166.

“We must continue”: Fireside Chat, April 28, 1935.

“The NRA law was enacted…under the Constitution”: New York Times, May 4, 1935.

“Extraordinary conditions…legislative power”: Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States, 295 U.S. 495.

“The Bank, Mr. Van Buren…let him enforce it”: H. W. Brands, Andrew Jackson (2005), 500, 493.

“His theory”: Ickes, 1:373–74, 524.

“Wealth in the modern world”: Message to Congress, June 19, 1935.

“burst on most of Congress”: New York Times, June 23, 1935.

“I just want to say ‘Amen’”: Schlesinger, 3:328.

“For the time being he has silenced Huey…to have his way”: Summary of editorials, New York Times, June 21, 1935.

“Pat Harrison’s going to be so surprised”: Schlesinger, 3:327.

“I don’t subscribe to the soak-the-rich idea…in the fall”: New York Times, June 20–21, 1935.

“That certain elements of business”: From Howard, Aug. 26, 1935; released by White House, Sept. 6, 1935.

“This basic program”: Open letter to Howard, Sept. 2, 1935; released by White House, Sept. 6, 1935.

“The statement that his basic program”: New York Times, Sept. 7, 1935.

“I always laughed Huey off”: Ickes, 1:462.

CHAPTER 32

“The menace of Bolshevism”: Leuchtenburg, 205–06.

“canonization of impudence”: H. W. Brands, Inside the Cold War: Loy Henderson and the Rise of the American Empire, 1918–1961 (1991), 39–42.

“His face lit up with a big smile”: Dallek, 79; Morgenthau, 1:57.

“Litvinov and I continued to argue”: From Bullitt, Nov. 15, 1933, FRUS: Soviet Union, 1933–1939, 25–26.

“I trust that the relations now established”: To Litvinov, Nov. 16, 1933.

“Not even off the record”: Press conference, March 29, 1933.

“The movement to make international justice practicable”: Message, Jan. 16, 1935.

“I appeal to every solid American”: New York Times, Jan. 28, 1935.

“From the strictly constitutional standpoint”: Press conference, Jan. 23, 1935.

“I am speaking to you tonight”: New York Times, Jan. 28, 1935.

“Any comment to make”: Press conference, Jan. 30, 1935.

“As to the 36 gentlemen”: Franklin D. Roosevelt and Foreign Affairs, 2:381.

“highly unethical, a discredit to American business”: Report of the Special Committee on Investigation of the Munitions Industry (Nye Report), U.S. Senate, 74th Congress, 2nd sess., Feb. 24, 1936.

“Abolish the ROTC!”: New York Times, April 13, 1935.

“These are without doubt”: To Long, March 9, 1935, Franklin D. Roosevelt and Foreign Affairs, 2:437–38.

“No one today knows”: From Pittman, Feb. 19, 1935, Franklin D. Roosevelt and Foreign Affairs, 2:423.

“We do want and ought to have”: Press conference, July 19, 1935.

“I have approved this Joint Resolution”: Signing statement, Aug. 31, 1935.

“It was a curious experience”: Ickes, 1:477.

“either possess great wealth”: New York Times, Dec. 5, 1935.

“Whether or not he read”: Ickes, 1:480.

“In March 1933”: Annual message, Jan. 3, 1936.

“I speak tonight to this Democratic meeting”: Address, Jan. 8, 1936.

“The listeners in the dining room”: New York Times, Jan. 26, 1936.

“I was born in the Democratic party”: Ibid.

“Unless the Republican party is delivered”: Ibid., Nov. 9, 1934.

“Our problems have been intensified…win the election”: Schlesinger, 3:539–41.

“We cannot go back”: New York Times, March 1, 1936.

“one of the most aggressive campaigns”: Ibid., June 12, 1936.

“economic royalists”: Acceptance speech, June 27, 1936.

“Of course we spent money”: Address, Oct. 12, 1936.

“Nine crazy years”: Address, Oct. 31, 1936.

“Betting commissioners recalled yesterday”: New York Times, Nov. 1, 1936.

“I am sending you”: Farley, 1:324–25.

“As Maine goes”: Ibid., 1:326.

CHAPTER 33

“The President seemed very happy”: Ickes, 1:703–05.

“If they can take it, I can”: New York Times, Jan. 21, 1937.

“We have always known”: Inaugural address, Jan. 20, 1937.

“Sometimes I say things…I have ever known”: Lash, 363, 378, 424.

“The cost of the thing is shocking”: Ickes, 1:152.

“Mr. Baruch has given me ‘carte blanche’”: Cook, 2:141.

“Over in the school shop”: New York Times, May 5, 1935.

“No hope beyond twenty-four hours…on his own now”: Rollins, Roosevelt and Howe, 443–48.

“By assuring the employees”: Statement, July 5, 1935.

“I’m not going down in history as Bloody Murphy!”: Sidney Fine, Sit-Down: The General Motors Strike of 1936–1937 (1969), 294.

“What law are they breaking?”: Perkins, 321–22.

“Have you anything to say”: Press conference, Jan. 22, 1937.

“I shall order the men”: D. Kennedy, 313.

“I know you have been through a lot”: Perkins, 323–34.

“another milestone…make automobiles”: New York Times, Feb. 12, 1937.

“I think I can put it this way”: Press conference, June 29, 1937.

“Though not as yet”: Nation, July 31, 1937.

“It ill behooves one who has supped”: New York Times, Sept. 4, 1937.

“All in…no discussion”: Press conference, Feb. 5, 1937.

“disguise of sophistry…he will get it”: Excerpts of editorial opinion in New York Times, Feb. 6, 1937.

“shortcut to dictatorship…of the country”: Ibid., Feb. 6, 11, and 15, 1937; D. Kennedy, 331–32.

“frightful…of the government”: New York Times, Feb. 14, 1937.

“I am reminded”: Fireside Chat, March 9, 1937.

51 percent…45 percent: Washington Post, May 24 and June 20, 1937.

“the greatest constitutional somersault”: William E. Leuchtenburg, The Supreme Court Reborn: The Constitutional Revolution in the Age of Roosevelt (1995), 176.

CHAPTER 34

“Up with your spears!”: New York Times, Oct. 4, 1935.

“I have seen war”: Address, Aug. 14, 1936.

“At 2 A.M. today”: New York Times, April 28, 1937.

“the unspeakable crime of war”: Ibid., May 10, 1937.

“Here fascism presents to the world”: Ibid., May 7, 1937.

“The present reign of terror”: Address, Oct. 5, 1937.

“Japan will not easily be beaten…will be redoubled”: Editorial summary in New York Times, Oct. 6, 1937.

“Do you care to amplify”: Press conference, Oct. 6, 1937.

“It is a terrible thing”: Rosenman, 167.

CHAPTER 35

“You have made yourself the trustee”: From Keynes, Dec. 30, 1933, printed in New York Times, Dec. 31, 1933.

“Right in the midst of good business”: New York Times, Oct. 19, 1937.

Uncertainty rules the tax situation”: Robert Higgs, “Regime Uncertainty: Why the Great Depression Lasted So Long and Why Prosperity Resumed after the War,” Independent Review, Spring 1997, 576.

“Practically no business group”: Berle, 171.

“We are headed right”: Morgenthau, 1:391–96.

“Businessmen have a different set of delusions”: D. E. Moggridge, Maynard Keynes: An Economist’s Biography (1992), 607.

“Most business men”: Fireside Chat, Oct. 12, 1937.

“Capital is essential”: Annual message, Jan. 3, 1938.

“The President told them”: Morgenthau, 1:385.

“an hysteria resembling a mob…I don’t”: Ibid., 386–95.

“something terrible”: Ibid., 398–400.

“strike…the cat steal it”: Washington Post, Dec. 30, 1937.

“the sixty families”: New York Times, Dec. 31, 1938.

“As I see it…heavyweight championship”: Morgenthau, 1:414–15.

“They just stampeded him”: Ibid., 421.

“definite additions to the purchasing power”: Fireside Chat, April 14, 1938.

“Please tell the Japanese Ambassador”: Memorandum, Dec. 13, 1937.

“This was the lamest of lame excuses”: Hull, 1:562.

“profound apology”: FRUS: Japan, 1931–1941, 1:521.

“wild, runaway, half-insane men”: Dallek, 154.

“jingoism”: New York Times, Dec. 14, 1937.

“After all”: Morgenthau, 1:489.

“Within ninety days”: Leuchtenburg, 261–62.

“That, my friends, is not right”: Address, May 27, 1938.

“There will be many clashes”: Fireside Chat, June 24, 1938.

“The Boss has stirred up…you’re foolish”: Farley, 2:122, 137.

“of enormous help to me”: Address, July 9, 1938.

“He is, and I hope”: Address, Aug. 11, 1938.

“It’s time to stop feeling sorry”: Farley, 2:121.

CHAPTER 36

“There were only two people”: Lash, 505.

“Just before Christmas”: Ibid., 504.

“This was pure spite”: Sherwood, 90.

“And remember…assurances and hopes”: Ibid., 93–97.

“We’re here to implement a policy…I couldn’t take it”: Lash, 506.

“cripple any President”: To William Bankhead, Jan. 6, 1938.

“international gangsters…serious concern”: Dallek, 157; Berle, 168–69; Hull, 1:575.

“You cannot get news”: Press conference, Sept. 6, 1938.

“force, militarism, and territorial aggression”: Memo by Hull, July 7, 1938, Peace and War, 424.

“great tragedy of today”: Hull, 1:588.

“immediate danger”: Message, Sept. 26, 1938.

“It does not rest with the German Government”: from Hitler, Sept. 27, 1938.

“The world asks of us”: To Hitler, Sept. 27, 1938.

“The justified and understandable anger…German economic life”: New York Times, Nov. 11–13, 1938.

“deeply shocked”: Press conference, Nov. 15, 1938.

“I don’t know…very difficult problem”: Press conference, Nov. 18, 1938.

“A war which threatened to envelop”: Address, Jan. 4, 1939.

“remotely intimate”: Message, Jan. 12, 1939.

“No one here has any illusions”: Berle, 201.

“Acts of wanton lawlessness”: State Department statement, March 17, 1939.

“Mr. President”: Press conference, March 17, 1939.

“madder and madder”: Ickes, 2:597.

“Hundreds of millions”: To Hitler and Mussolini, April 14, 1939.

“My friends of Warm Springs”: Remarks, April 9, 1939.

“Mr. Roosevelt!” New York Times, April 29, 1939.

“Joe Robinson tells me”: Walter White, A Man Called White: The Autobiography of Walter White (1948), 169–70.

“I’m sorry about the bill…obsession that he has”: Lash, 518.

“I pointed out”: Ickes, 54.

“The question is”: “My Day,” Feb. 27, 1939, in My Day: The Best of Eleanor Roosevelt’s Acclaimed Newspaper Columns, 1936–1962, ed. David Emblidge (2001), 34.

“There are those”: New York Times, April 10, 1939.

“She sang with her eyes closed”: Washington Post, April 10, 1939.

“Thanks in large measure to you”: Lash, 527.

CHAPTER 37

“Roosevelt wants to fight…eighteen bills”: Dallek, 187.

“It was a desperate effort…all there is to it”: Ibid., 192; Hull, 1:649–50.

“Today, August 7, 1939”: Message, Aug. 7, 1939.

“I think it is very important”: Press conference, Aug. 8, 1939.

“Don’t, for Heaven’s sake”: Ibid.

“It is still too early to judge the implications”: New York Times, Aug. 22, 1939.

“I am again addressing”: To Hitler, Aug. 24, 1939.

“It is an eerie experience”: J. Kennedy, 371.

“It is a terrible thing…their way homeward”: Ibid., 365, 371.

“High Government officials”: From Kennedy, Sept. 10, 1939, J. Kennedy, 372–74.

“With earnest best wishes”: From Churchill, Oct. 8, 1933.

“It is because you and I”: To Churchill, Sept. 11, 1939.

“I hope you will at all times”: To Chamberlain, Sept. 11, 1939, FDRL.

“The only method”: Telephone call from Churchill, Oct. 5, 1939.

“I do not believe at this particular time”: Press conference, Sept. 1, 1939.

“hoped against hope”: Fireside Chat, Sept. 3, 1939.

“I hope and believe”: To Chamberlain, Sept. 11, 1939, FDRL.

“They are, in my opinion”: Message to Congress, Sept. 21, 1939.

“In other words”: New York Times, Oct. 22, 1939.

“a bond of race and not of political ideology”: Ibid., Oct. 14, 1939.

“I certainly do not want to impose”: Ibid., Oct. 24, 1939.

“You can’t lick a steamroller”: Ibid., Oct. 11, 1939.

“I am very glad”: Ibid., Nov. 4, 1939.

The repeal of the arms embargo”: From Chamberlain, Nov. 8, 1939, FDRL.

“Los Angeles aircraft manufacturers”: New York Times, Nov. 3, 1939.

CHAPTER 38

“Hitler is taller”: From Welles, March 2, 1940, FDRL.

“This visit is solely for the purpose”: Press conference, Feb. 9, 1940.

“the greatest interest in the highest government circles”: Kirk to Hull, Feb. 14, 1940, FRUS: 1940, 1:8.

“The Minister received me at the door”: From Welles, March 2, 1940, FDRL.

“My car drove into a rectangular court”: Ibid.

“The scene has darkened swiftly”: From Churchill, May 15, 1940.

“Ever so many thanks”: To Churchill, Feb. 1, 1940.

“Although I have changed my office”: From Churchill, May 15, 1940.

“I am sure it is unnecessary”: To Churchill, May 16, 1940.

“Our intention is whatever happens”: From Churchill, May 20, 1940.

“Even though large tracts of Europe”: Martin Gilbert, Churchill: A Life (1992), 656.

“The power of aviation”: New York Times, May 20, 1940.

“further extension of the area of hostilities”: To Mussolini, April 29, 1940, Peace and War.

“Italy has never concerned itself”: From Mussolini, May 2, 1940, Peace and War.

“a realist”: To Mussolini, May 14, 1940, Peace and War.

“There are two fundamental motives”: From Mussolini, May 18, 1940, Peace and War.

“On this tenth day of June”: Address, June 10, 1940.

“We all listened to you last night”: From Churchill, June 11, 1940.

“For six days and six nights”: From Reynaud, June 10, 1940, Peace and War.

“Our army is now cut into several parts”: From Reynaud, June 14, 1940, Peace and War.

CHAPTER 39

“He needs this peace”: From Churchill, June 14, 1940.

“This moment is supremely critical”: From Churchill, June 15, 1940.

“I am doing everything possible”: To Douglas, June 7, 1940.

“These are black days for the human race”: Hull address, June 20, 1940, Peace and War.

“political miracle”: New York Times, June 30, 1940.

“If a whore repented”: Jonathan Daniels, The Time between the Wars: Armistice to Pearl Harbor (1966), 309.

“What I am against is power”: New York Times, June 30, 1940.

“What’s the Boss going to do?”: Farley, 2:237.

“They did not support Roosevelt”: Sherwood, 177–78.

“our beloved President—Franklin Delano Roosevelt”: New York Times, July 16, 1940.

“The President’s refusal to take anyone”: Ickes, 3:240.

“Dear Will”: Sherwood, 177.

“Apparently I am not the only one around here”: New York Times, July 16, 1940.

“He goes about looking like an early Christian martyr”: Ickes, 3:232.

“Just because the Republicans”: Sherwood, 179.

“The party longs”: Perkins oral history, 7:481.

“damned outrage”: Farley, 2:297.

“I had luncheon today”: Sherwood, 117–18.

“It might be very nice”: ER, 2:215.

“The situation is not good”: Farley, 2:283.

“Are you happy”: New York Times, July 19, 1940.

“Eight years in the presidency”: Radio address, July 19, 1940.

“The last three nights in London”: Kennedy to Rose Kennedy, Sept. 10, 1940, J. Kennedy.

“It has now become most urgent”: From Churchill, July 31, 1940.

“He was smoking a cigar”: Kennedy diary, Aug. 14, 1940, J. Kennedy.

“I am beginning to feel very hopeful”: From Churchill, July 31, 1940.

“It is my belief”: To Churchill, Aug. 13, 1940.

“I need not tell you how cheered I am”: From Churchill, Aug. 14, 1940.

“I had not contemplated”: From Churchill, Aug. 22, 1940.

I told him the gist of the proposal”: To Walsh, Aug. 22, 1940.

“This has nothing to do with destroyers”: Press conference, Aug. 16, 1940.

“The right to bases in Newfoundland”: Message, Sept. 3, 1940.

CHAPTER 40

“There is no more resemblance”: Hull, 1:890.

“The American people”: Hull memo, May 16, 1940, Peace and War.

“The United States has no aggressive designs”: Hull to Grew, May 30, 1940, Peace and War.

“tantamount to an embargo”: Japanese embassy to State Department, Aug. 3, 1940, FRUS: Japan, 1931–1941, 2:219.

“unfriendly act”: Japanese embassy to State Department, Oct. 7, 1940, FRUS: Japan, 1931–1941, 2:224.

“There cannot be any doubt”: Grew to Hull, Sept. 12, 1940, Peace and War.

“I should like to see this nation”: Message, May 16, 1940.

“The one most obvious lesson”: Message, May 31, 1940.

“The principal lesson of the war”: Message, July 10, 1940.

“There is a very definite feeling”: Press conference, Aug. 2, 1940.

“that smacks of totalitarianism”: New York Times, Aug. 3, 1940.

“very antithesis of freedom”: Ibid., Aug. 7, 1940.

A survey of papers…Gallup poll: Ibid., Aug. 4 and 11, 1940.

“This is the biggest day”: Ibid., Aug. 11, 1940.

“He has no desire to cooperate”: To Edward Taylor, Aug. 12, 1940.

“I am absolutely opposed to the postponement”: Press conference, Aug. 23, 1940.

“America stands at the crossroads of its destiny”: Proclamation, Sept. 16, 1940.

“If you elect him for a third term…they won’t be sent”: New York Times, Sept. 17 and 26, Oct. 9, 15, 18, 20, 26, 30, 1940.

“A lead of 53 percent”: Ibid., Oct. 30, 1940.

“political shenanigans”: Statement, Oct. 30, 1940.

“When that term is over”: Address, Nov. 2, 1940.

“Did you definitely mean that?”: Press conference, Nov. 8, 1940.

“I did not think it right for me as a foreigner”: From Churchill, Nov. 6, 1940.

“Does anyone seriously believe”: Fireside Chat, Dec. 29, 1940.

“Orders from Great Britain”: Press conference, Dec. 17, 1940.

“In the future days”: Annual message, Jan. 6, 1941.

“Make no mistake about it…every fourth American boy”: New York Times, Jan. 13 and 15, Feb. 25, 1941; Washington Post, Feb. 23, 1941.

“the most dastardly, unpatriotic thing”: Press conference, Jan. 14, 1941.

“Garner was there”: Ickes, 3:409.

“So far as I know”: Dallek, 258.

“In the last war”: New York Times, Feb. 10, 1941.

“I think this verse applies”: To Churchill, Jan. 20, 1941.

71 percent: New York Times, Jan. 26, 1941.

“Let not the dictators of Europe or Asia”: Address, March 15, 1941.

CHAPTER 41

“I suppose you could say”: Sherwood, 236.

“The extraordinary fact”: Ibid., 212.

“You know”: Ibid., 230.

“Does Mr. Hopkins have any special mission”: Press conference, Jan. 3, 1941.

“I want to try to get an understanding…the future of democracy”: Sherwood, 236–49.

“No power and no support…into the war”: Time, March 24, 1941.

“the end of any attempts”: Address, March 15, 1941.

“in the interest of national safety”: Statement, April 21, 1941.

“Our problem is to see to it”: Open letter to Knudsen and Hillman, April 30, 1941.

“Command of the air”: Open letter to Frank Knox, May 5, 1941.

“Defense is a national task”: Open letter to Doughton, May 1, 1941.

“Under the present circumstances”: Announcement, April 10, 1941.

“I think some of you know”: Press conference, April 25, 1941.

“What started as a European war”: Fireside Chat, May 27, 1941.

“From every source at my disposal”: From Churchill, June 14, 1941.

“The Russian danger”: Churchill, 3:333.

“Any rallying of the forces”: Welles statement, June 24, 1941, Peace and War, 684.

“It’s a case of dog-eat-dog…prostrate Poland”: New York Times, June 24, 1941.

“Is the defense of Russia the defense of the United States?”: Ibid., June 25, 1941.

“I owed her that much”: James Roosevelt, with Bill Libby, My Parents (1976), 108.

“though I do not know exactly what one’s feelings are”: from Lucy Mercer Rutherfurd, April 16, 1927, FDRL.

“Mrs. Johnson”: Resa Willis, FDR and Lucy (2004), 97.

“There are two groups in Japan”: Hull, 2:1003.

“de Gaullist French agents”: Memo by Welles, July 23, 1941, Peace and War, 693.

“If these oil supplies”: Memo of conversation, July 24, 1941, Peace and War, 699–703.

“I have had no answer yet”: To Hopkins, July 26, 1941.

“to prevent the use of the financial facilities of the United States”: Executive order, July 26, 1941.

CHAPTER 42

“The resistance of the Russian Army”: Sherwood, 306–08.

“I ask you to treat Mr. Hopkins”: To Stalin, July 26, 1941.

“It was monumental”: Sherwood, 326.

“Mr. Stalin spoke of the necessity”: Hopkins memo of meeting of July 30, 1941, FRUS: 1941: Soviet Union, 803–04.

“because then the troops learn…any other force”: Hopkins memo of meeting of July 31, 1941, FRUS: 1941: Soviet Union, 804–14.

“Not once did he repeat himself”: Sherwood, 343.

“Harry returned dead beat”: From Churchill, Aug. 5, 1941.

“on board ship somewhere in the Atlantic”: Hull to FDR, Aug. 6, 1941, FDRL.

“All that need be said”: To Hull, Aug. 6, 1941, FDRL.

“I was faced with a practical problem”: FDR memo, Aug. 23, 1941, FDRL.

“I saw Father in a new role”: Elliott Roosevelt, As He Saw It, 10, 28–30.

“very remarkable religious service”: Press conference, Aug. 16, 1941.

“would be compelled to take counter measures”: Sherwood, 354.

“He did not think that there was much hope”: Ibid.

“common principles in the national policies”: Joint statement, Aug. 14, 1941.

“At the Atlantic meeting we had in mind”: The Churchill War Papers: The Ever Widening War, 1941, ed. Martin Gilbert (2001), 1186.

“Are we any closer to entering the war?”: Press conference, Aug. 16, 1941.

“He would wage war”: Dallek, 285.

“The danger today is infinitely greater”: Message to Congress, July 21, 1941.

“She was carrying American mail to Iceland”: Fireside Chat, Sept. 11, 1941.

CHAPTER 43

“I simply have not got enough navy”: Ickes, 3:567.

68 percent of Americans: New York Times, Sept. 28, Oct. 3 and 5, 1941.

“After twenty years the American people”: Los Angeles Times, Sept. 30, 1941.

“crippling provisions”: Message to Congress, Oct. 9, 1941.

“The shooting has started”: Address, Oct. 27, 1941.

Decades later a retired British agent claimed: Nicholas John Cull, Selling War: The British Propaganda Campaign against American “Neutrality” (1995), 171–73; Wesley K. Wark, Espionage: Past, Present, Future? (1994), 91, n. 26.

“If we take this one further step…theaters of this war”: New York Times, Nov. 5, 1941.

“outrageous evidence…out of the fight”: Ibid., Nov. 1, 1941.

“Lots of people who think”: Press conference, Nov. 3, 1941.

“Failure to repeal”: To Rayburn and McCormack, Nov. 13, 1941.

“Naturally, the President is pleased with the result”: New York Times, Nov. 14, 1941.

“Japan and the United States”: From Konoye, Aug. 27, 1941, FRUS: Japan, 1931–1941, 2:572–73.

“of the efforts of a third country”: Memo of conversation, Aug. 28, 1941, FRUS: Japan, 1931–1941, 2:576.

“It is with great regret and disappointment”: Konoye to Grew, Oct. 16, 1941, FRUS: Japan, 2:691.

“The Jap situation is definitely worse”: To Churchill, Oct. 15, 1941.

“The Japanese menace”: From Churchill, Oct. 18, 1941.

“that big ship you inspected”: From Churchill, Nov. 2, 1941.

“Empire Approaches Its Greatest Crisis”: Grew to Hull, Nov. 3, 1941, FRUS: Japan, 2:701–4.

“This, to us, could mean only one thing”: Hull, 2:1057.

“Relations are extremely critical”: Ibid., 1058.

“We know that it was, in literal truth”: Address, Nov. 11, 1941.

“Kurusu seemed to me the antithesis of Nomura”: Hull, 2:1062–63.

“Nations must think one hundred years ahead”: Memo by Hull, Nov. 10, 1941, FRUS: Japan, 2:718.

He jotted a note to Hull: William L. Langer and S. Everett Gleason, The Undeclared War, 1940–1941: The World Crisis and American Foreign Policy (1953), 872.

“All the way across the Pacific”: Memo by Hull, Nov. 17, 1941, FRUS: Japan, 2:740.

“the restoration of peace between Japan and China”: Japanese draft proposal, Nov. 20, 1941, FRUS: Japan, 2:755.

“of so preposterous a character”: Hull, 2:1070.

“brought up entirely the relations with the Japanese”: Stimson diary, Nov. 25, 1941.

“Any such expedition to the South”: Ibid.

“He fairly blew up”: Ibid., Nov. 26, 1941.

“The Government of Japan will withdraw”: Hull to Nomura, Nov. 26, 1941, FRUS: Japan, 2:769.

“This seems to me a fair proposition”: To Churchill, Nov. 24, 1941.

“We have been very patient”: Memo by Hull, Nov. 27, 1941, FRUS: Japan, 2:771.

“It seems to me”: From Churchill, Nov. 30, 1941.

“further aggression”: Memo by Welles, Dec. 2, 1941, FRUS: Japan, 2:779.

“F.D.R.’s WAR PLANS!”: Chicago Tribune, Dec. 4, 1941. Other papers picked up and repeated the story.

“They have never constituted an authorized program”: New York Times, Dec. 6, 1941.

“If we had been at war”: Ickes, 3:659.

“I refuse to believe”: New York Times, Dec. 6, 1941.

“deep and far-reaching emergency”: To Hirohito, Dec. 6, 1941.

CHAPTER 44

“It has been a hard two weeks”: Lash, 643–44.

“I think she is failing fast”: E. Roosevelt and A. Roosevelt, 135.

“The funeral was nice and simple”: Ibid., 136.

“Pa has taken Granny’s death”: Ibid., 137.

“She had carefully saved”: Tully, 105.

“He never looked toward the grave”: Washington Post, Sept. 10, 1941.

“I just can’t”: E. Roosevelt and A. Roosevelt, 137.

“Hyde Park could be”: Roosevelt and Shalett, 319.

“This son of man has just sent his final message”: Ibid., 646.

“Sit down, Grace”: Tully, 256.

“Yesterday, December 7, 1941”: Address to Congress, Dec. 8, 1941.

“became engaged in a war against the United States”: Sherwood, 441.

“The sudden criminal attacks”: Fireside Chat, Dec. 9, 1941.

“Our patience is ended…place in the sun”: New York Times, Dec. 12, 1941.

“The long known and the long expected”: Message to Congress, Dec. 11, 1941.

“I’ve always heard things came in threes”: New York Times, Dec. 12, 1941.

CHAPTER 45

“So we had won after all!”: Churchill, 3:605–6.

“Now that we are”: From Churchill, Dec. 9, 1941.

“In August it was easy to agree”: Unsent draft to Churchill, Dec. 10, 1941.

“Delighted to have you here”: To Churchill, Dec. 10, 1941.

“I clasped his strong hand”: Churchill, 3:662–63.

“There was general agreement”: Churchill to war cabinet, Dec. 23, 1941, Churchill 3:664.

“The Prime Minister of Great Britain”: Sherwood, 442–43.

“Our view remains that Germany”: Memo by U.S. and British chiefs of staff, Dec. 31, 1941, FRUS: Conferences at Washington, 1941–1942, and Casablanca, 1943.

“As a result of what I saw in France”: U.S. minutes of meeting, Dec. 25, 1941, FRUS: Washington and Casablanca, 92–93.

“highest authority”: Ibid.

“continuous line of battle”: Minutes by Sexton, Dec. 26, 1941, FRUS: Washington and Casablanca.

“You should work on Churchill”: Sherwood, 457.

“Don’t be in a hurry…meet the American view”: Churchill, 3:673–74.

“common program of purposes and principles”: Declaration of United Nations, Jan. 1, 1942.

“Generals Arnold, Eisenhower, and Marshall”: Stimson diary, Dec. 25, 1941.

“His view was that these reinforcements”: Hollis to Smith, Dec. 24, 1941, FRUS: Washington and Casablanca.

“I then read to him extracts”: Stimson diary, Dec. 25, 1941.

“We discussed various things”: Ibid.

“This is a strange Christmas Eve”: Churchill, 3:670.

“I wish indeed that my mother…and in peace”: New York Times, Dec. 27, 1941.

“auspicious and impressive…less oratory and more action”: Ibid.

“The last evening of Churchill’s visit”: Sherwood, 477–78.

CHAPTER 46

“In this year, 1942…Italy and Japan”: State of the Union address, Jan. 6, 1942.

“This is a new kind of war…freedom from fear”: Fireside Chat, Feb. 23, 1942.

“This is not an impudent question, sir”: Press conference, Dec. 9, 1941.

“subversive activities in the United States…those cocksuckers”: Ronald Kessler, The Bureau: The Secret History of the FBI (2002), 52–53; Richard Gid Powers, Broken: The Troubled Past and Uncertain Future of the FBI (2004), 168.

“This task must be conducted”: Statement, Sept. 6, 1939.

“With those aliens who are disloyal”: Signing statement, June 29, 1940.

“There must not be permitted”: Powers, Broken, 186.

“We’re charged with wanting to get rid of the Japs”: Greg Robinson, By Order of the President: FDR and the Internment of Japanese Americans (2001), 90.

“In view of the circumstances”: New York Times, Feb. 12, 1942.

“The Fifth Column on the Coast”: Washington Post, Feb. 12, 1942.

“We are so damned dumb”: Ibid., Feb. 15, 1942.

“When it comes to suddenly mopping up”: Morgenthau, 3:3.

“the Department of Justice would not under any circumstances”: Francis Biddle, In Brief Authority (1962), 218.

“The second generation Japanese”: Stimson diary, Feb. 10, 1942.

“There will probably be some repercussions”: Robinson, By Order of the President, 106.

“the successful prosecution of the war”: Executive Order 9066, Feb. 19, 1942.

“The Philippine theater is the locus of victory or defeat”: H. W. Brands, Bound to Empire: The United States and the Philippines (1992), 190.

“The people of the United States”: Message to Philippine people, Dec. 28, 1941.

“Our troops have been subsisted”: Brands, Bound to Empire, 196.

“These people are depending on me now”: Ibid., 197.

“The President of the United States ordered me”: New York Times, March 21, 1942.

“When I reflect how I have longed and prayed”: From Churchill, March 5, 1942.

“I reacted so strongly and at such length”: Churchill, 4:209.

“I have given much thought”: To Churchill, March 10, 1942.

“We must not on any account”: From Churchill, March 4, 1942.

“disastrous effect”: To Churchill, Aug. 11, 1942.

“Its proposed application to Asia and Africa”: From Churchill, Aug. 9, 1942.

“I am sure you will have no objection”: To Churchill, Aug. 13, 1942.

CHAPTER 47

“I realize how the fall of Singapore has affected you”: To Churchill, Feb. 18, 1942.

“Thirteen B-25s effectively bombed…than we sent over”: From Arnold, May 3, 1942, FDRL.

“How about the story about the bombing”: Press conference, April 21, 1942.

“What Harry and Geo. Marshall will tell you”: To Churchill, April 3, 1942.

“Marshall presented in broad outlines”: Sherwood, 523.

“momentous proposal”: Churchill, 4:317–20.

“I am delighted with the agreement”: To Churchill, April 21, 1942.

“whole-hearted”: From Churchill, April 17, 1942.

“I am very heartened at the prospect”: To Churchill, April 21, 1942.

“I have a cordial message from Stalin”: Ibid.

“I am looking forward”: To Stalin, May 4, 1942.

“His style was cramped…second front this year”: Sherwood, 561–63.

“Full understanding was reached”: Roosevelt-Molotov statement, June 11, 1942.

“We know there will be two kinds…and possibly China”: Sherwood, 572–73.

“May I very briefly recall”: From Stimson, no date, FRUS: Washington and Casablanca, 458.

“You are familiar with my view”: From Marshall, June 23, 1941, FRUS: Washington and Casablanca, 476.

“We are bound to persevere”: From Churchill, June 20, 1942.

“This was one of the heaviest blows”: Churchill, 4:383.

“extremely powerful bombs of a new type”: From Einstein, Aug. 2, 1939, FDRL.

“Our talks took place after luncheon”: Churchill, 4:379–80.

“One thing that might help win this war”: Robert H. Ferrell, ed., The Eisenhower Diaries (1981), 48, 50.

“an integrated, general plan of operations” Memo from King, March 5, 1942, FDRL.

“Good for you”: To Churchill, July 2, 1942.

“No responsible British General”: From Churchill, July 8, 1942.

“You will proceed immediately to London”: To Hopkins, Marshall, and King, July 16, 1942, Sherwood, 603–04.

“Marshall and King pushed very hard…full speed ahead”: Sherwood, 611–12.

CHAPTER 48

“I should greatly like to have your aid”: From Churchill, Aug. 4, 1942.

“Stalin took issue at every point”: From Harriman, Aug. 10, 1942, FRUS: 1942, vol. 3.

“The Soviet Command built their plan”: Stalin aide-mémoire, Aug. 13, 1942, FRUS: 1942, 3:621.

“I am sorry that I could not have joined with you”: To Stalin, Aug. 18, 1942.

“Everything for us now turns on hastening Torch”: Churchill, 4:494.

“The President has gone to Hyde Park”: Ibid., 450–51.

“The attack should be launched”: To Churchill, Aug. 30, 1942.

“as sharp a reproof…we needed him most”: Sherwood, 635.

“They are almost prayerfully anxious”: New York Times, Sept. 22, 1942.

“You did not know that was going on?”: Press conference, Oct. 6, 1942.

“four main areas of combat”: Fireside Chat, Sept. 14, 1942.

“You know…‘supposed to be secret’”: A. Merriman Smith, Thank You, Mr. President (1946), 54.

“Quite frankly I regard”: To Early, Oct. 24, 1944, FDRL.

“to keep the cost of living”: Message to Congress, April 27, 1942.

“stabilize the cost of living…of our own making”: Message to Congress, Sept. 7, 1942.

“a comprehensive national economic policy”: Executive Order 9250, Oct. 3, 1942.

“This whole nation of 130,000,000”: Fireside Chat, Oct. 12, 1942.

“When I went in to see Roosevelt”: Forrest C. Pogue, George C. Marshall (1966), 2:402.

“F.D.R. was on edge…We are striking back”: Tully, 264.

“Upon the outcome depends”: Burns, 2:292.

“I speak to you as one”: Radio address, Nov. 7, 1942.

“My dear old friend…the Axis yoke”: to Pétain, Nov. 8, 1942; Sherwood, 645–47; from Churchill, Nov. 2, 1942.

“You invoke pretexts which nothing justifies”: Sherwood, 645.

“That man is Darlan”: Ambrose, Eisenhower, 1:208.

“a nice old proverb of the Balkans”: Press conference, Nov. 17, 1942.

“I have accepted General Eisenhower’s political arrangements”: Statement, Nov. 17, 1942.

“I appreciate fully the difficulties”: Sherwood, 654.

“This is not the end”: New York Times, Nov. 11, 1942.

“Darlan’s murder”: Churchill, 3:644.

CHAPTER 49

“We here are all highly gratified”: From Stalin, Nov. 14, 1942.

“It seems to me that the Americans”: Stalin to Churchill, Nov. 29, 1942, in Churchill to Roosevelt, Dec. 2, 1942.

“The more I consider our military situation”: To Stalin, Dec. 2, 1942.

“I think I can tell you in advance”: From Churchill, Nov. 26, 1942.

“It is impossible for me to leave the Soviet Union”: From Stalin, Dec. 14, 1942.

“I prefer a comfortable oasis to the raft at Tilsit”: To Churchill, Dec. 2, 1942.

“The aliases from this end”: To Churchill, Jan. 2, 1943.

“Should you bring Willkie with you”: From Churchill, Jan. 3, 1943.

“I’m not crazy about flying”: To ER, Jan. 13, 1943.

“I dislike flying the more I do of it!”: To John Roosevelt, Feb. 13, 1943.

“Inasmuch as I know that the Congressman”: Washington Post, March 6, 1943.

“It was quite a place”: Elliott Roosevelt, As He Saw It, 65–66.

“It gave me intense pleasure”: Churchill, 3:675–76.

the Combined Chiefs produced a document: Final report of Combined Chiefs, Jan. 23, 1943, FRUS: Washington and Casablanca.

“At the time of France’s surrender in 1940”: Dwight D. Eisenhower, Crusade in Europe (1948), 84.

“I had continuous difficulties”: Churchill, 3:682.

“De Gaulle is on his high horse…Get some sleep yourself, Elliott”: Roosevelt, As He Saw It, 69–77.

“No distractions should be permitted…very slender reed”: McCrea notes of Roosevelt-Giraud meeting, Jan. 19, 1943, Roosevelt, As He Saw It, 90–91.

“We delivered our bridegroom”: To Hull, Jan. 18, 1943, FRUS: Washington and Casablanca.

“Roosevelt asked whether de Gaulle”: Stimson diary, Feb. 3, 1943.

“the people realized that personal pride”: John McCrea notes of Roosevelt–de Gaulle meeting, Jan. 22, 1943, FRUS: Washington and Casablanca.

“De Gaulle was a little bewildered”: Hopkins notes, Jan. 24, 1943, FRUS: Washington and Casablanca.

“Another point”: Press conference, Jan. 24, 1943.

“some feeling of surprise…our war effort”: Churchill, 3:686–87.

“We have decided the operations”: Roosevelt and Churchill to Stalin, Jan. 25, 1943.

“I thank you for the information”: From Stalin, Jan. 30, 1943.

“When this is accomplished”: Roosevelt and Churchill to Stalin, Feb. 9, 1943.

“In order to prevent the enemy from recovering”: From Stalin, Feb. 16, 1943.

“unexpected heavy rains”: To Stalin, Feb. 22, 1943.

“You will recall that you and Mr. Churchill”: From Stalin, March 16, 1943.

CHAPTER 50

“The abolition of the extraterritorial system”: Message to Senate, Feb. 1, 1943.

“Nations, like individuals, make mistakes”: Message to Congress, Oct. 11, 1943.

“workers should not be discriminated against”: Message to Congress, Sept. 13, 1940.

“the policy of the War Department”: D. Kennedy, 766.

“I feel very strongly…Get it stopped”: Lash, 534.

“I replied that there would be no violence”: Jervis Anderson, A. Philip Randolph: A Biographical Portrait (1973), 255.

“Walter, how many people will really march?”: Ibid., 257–58; White, A Man Called White, 190–92.

“I do hereby reaffirm the policy”: Executive Order 8802, June 25, 1941.

“We’ll destroy every zoot suit”: Los Angeles Times, June 8 and 10, 1943.

“Anthony spent three evenings with me”: To Churchill, March 17, 1943.

“a good deal of resistance…German public opinion”: Hopkins memo, March 15, 1943, FRUS: 1943, vol. 3.

“This body should be world-wide…on our side”: Hopkins memo, March 27, 1943, FRUS: 1943, vol. 3.

“I fear it will be the same story over again”: Stimson diary, May 10, 1943.

“The United States accepts the strategic concept”: Memo by Joint Chiefs, undated, FRUS: Washington and Quebec, 222.

“emphasis and priority…spring of 1944”: Combined Chiefs of Staff minutes, May 12, 1943, FRUS: Washington and Quebec.

“invariably created a vacuum…until 1945 or 1946”: Combined Chiefs of Staff minutes, May 13, 1943, FRUS: Washington and Quebec.

“every day a day in which we have toiled…hideous facts”: New York Times, May 20, 1943.

“Mr. President, what is your reaction”: Press conference, July 27, 1943.

“the moronic little king”: New York Times, July 27, 1943.

“Neither of us”: Press conference, July 27, 1943.

“The first crack in the Axis has come”: Fireside Chat, July 28, 1943.

“We still have to knock out”: Ibid.

“It seems highly probable”: To Churchill, July 30, 1943.

“It is for their responsible government…on which to act:”: From Churchill, July 29 and 30, 1943.

“I told the press today”: To Churchill, July 30, 1943.

“My position is that once Mussolini”: From Churchill, July 31, 1943.

“Poor Eisenhower is getting pretty harassed…than a master”: Ambrose, Eisenhower, 1:254–55.

“Now is the time for every Italian”: Joint statement by Roosevelt and Churchill, Sept. 10, 1943.

“We are in for some very tough fighting”: Ambrose, Eisenhower, 1:263.

CHAPTER 51

“Heavy following seas”…3806 miles”: Log of President’s Trip, Nov. 12–19, 1942, FRUS: Conferences at Cairo and Tehran, 1943.

“Peanut is really no dictator”: Joseph W. Stilwell, The Stilwell Papers, ed. Theodore H. White (1991 ed.), 197.

“I was impressed by his calm”: Churchill, 4:328.

“President Roosevelt expressed his view”: Chinese summary of Nov. 23 meeting, FRUS: Cairo and Tehran.

“Let us make it a family affair…the President more gay”: Churchill, 4:340–41.

“From the air we sighted train loads”: Log, Nov. 27, 1943, FRUS: Cairo and Tehran.

“nervous time”: Sherwood, 776.

“If anything like that were to happen”: Churchill, 4:343–44.

“I am glad to see you”: Charles Bohlen minutes of Roosevelt-Stalin meeting, Nov. 28, 1943, FRUS: Cairo and Tehran.

“I reflected on Stalin’s fluency”: Charles E. Bohlen, Witness to History, 1929–1969 (1973), 142–43.

“The Chinese have fought very badly…would mean revolution”: Bohlen minutes, Nov. 28, 1943, FRUS: Cairo and Tehran.

“We are sitting around this table…and northern France”: Bohlen minutes and Combined Chiefs of Staff minutes of Roosevelt-Stalin-Churchill meeting, Nov. 28, 1943, FRUS: Cairo and Tehran.

“unbelievable quantity of food”: Bohlen, Witness to History, 147.

“rotten to the core…of German capitulation”: Bohlen minutes and supplementary memorandum of Roosevelt-Stalin-Churchill meeting, Nov. 28, 1943, FRUS: Cairo and Tehran.

“Roosevelt was about to say something else”: Bohlen, Witness to History, 143–44.

“You know, the Russians are interesting people”: Perkins, 83–84.

“The most notable feature of the dinner”: Bohlen minutes of Roosevelt-Stalin-Churchill meeting, Nov. 29, 1943, FRUS: Cairo and Tehran.

“There are six to seven million Americans”: Bohlen minutes of Roosevelt-Stalin meeting, Dec. 1, 1943, FRUS: Cairo and Tehran.

“Ike, you and I know who was the Chief of Staff”: Sherwood, 770.

“We are engaged in a global war…if we keep him here”: Pogue, George C. Marshall, 3:272–73.

“Hopkins came to see me…‘out of the country’”: Sherwood, 803.

“Who will command Overlord?”: Bohlen minutes of Roosevelt-Churchill-Stalin meeting, Nov. 29, 1943, FRUS: Cairo and Tehran.

“Well, Ike”: Eric Larabee, Commander in Chief: Franklin Delano Roosevelt, His Lieutenants, and Their War (1987), 438.

CHAPTER 52

“Resolved”: New York Times, Nov. 6, 1943.

“the necessity of establishing”: Washington Post, Nov. 2, 1943.

“William Bullitt, stand where you are…‘go down there!’”: Burns, 2:350; Benjamin Welles, Sumner Welles: FDR’s Global Strategist (1997), 343–45.

“The President asked me to see him…more value than anyone”: Welles, Sumner Welles, 347–49.

“Cut his throat”: Ibid., 354.

“I do not remember ever seeing the President”: Rosenman, 411.

“We had an awfully good time”: Press conference, Dec. 17, 1943.

“Would you care to express any opinion”: Press conference, Dec. 28, 1943.

“We have come to a clear realization…here at home”: State of the Union address, Jan. 11, 1944.

“Within the past few weeks”: Fireside Chat, Dec. 24, 1943.

“These are not mere strikes”: Press conference, April 29, 1943.

“The action of the leaders of the United Mine Workers”: Statement, June 23, 1943.

87 percent…“coal-black soul!”: D. Kennedy, 643.

“For the entire year of 1942”: Veto message, June 25, 1943.

“Railroad strikes by three brotherhoods”: Executive Order 9412, Dec. 27, 1943.

“they and the organizations they represent”: Washington Post, Dec. 30, 1943.

“I hereby charge that the responsibility”: Ibid., Jan. 4, 1944.

CHAPTER 53

“We Jews of America”: Henry Morgenthau, All in a Lifetime (1922), 404.

“Citizens, regardless of religious allegiance”: New York Times, July 22, 1942.

“taken proportions and forms”: Statement on Axis crimes, Aug. 21, 1942.

“Unless action is taken immediately”: David S. Wyman, The Abandonment of the Jews: America and the Holocaust, 1941–1945 (1984), 72–73.

“the President said that he was profoundly shocked”: New York Times, Dec. 9, 1942.

“From all the occupied countries”: New York Times, Dec. 18, 1942.

“cease to exist…we shall win the war”: New York Times, July 15, 2000; Michael Beschloss, The Conquerors: Roosevelt, Truman, and the Destruction of Hitler’s Germany, 1941–1945 (2002), 40.

“One of the greatest crimes in history”: “Personal Report to the President,” Jan. 16, 1944, FDRL; Morgenthau memo, Jan. 16, 1944, FDRL.

“all measures within its power”: Executive Order 9417, Jan. 22, 1944.

“In one of the blackest crimes of all history”: Statement on war refugees, March 24, 1944.

“the Boss was not disposed to”: Washington Post, April 17, 1983.

“We’ll be accused of participating”: Beschloss, Conquerors, 66.

“Yesterday, on June 4”: Fireside Chat, June 5, 1944.

“My Lord! All smiles, all smiles!”: Press conference, June 6, 1944.

“I think we have these Huns”: Pogue, George C. Marshall, 3:391.

“an unheard-of achievement”: Headnote to Stalin to Roosevelt, June 6, 1944.

“It rejoices all of us”: From Stalin, June 7, 1944.

“It is remarkable”: From Churchill, June 7, 1944.

“He may visit Washington”: To Churchill, June 9, 1944.

“While I know that the chief interest tonight”: Fireside Chat, June 12, 1944.

“Every one of our sons”: To Robert Hannegan, July 11, 1944.

“The easiest way of putting it is this”: To Jackson, July 14, 1944.

“very happy”: New York Times, July 18, 1944.

“You have written me about Harry Truman”: To Hannegan, July 19, 1944.

“Hell, I don’t want to be president…in the first place?”: David McCullough, Truman (1992), 308–14; Merle Miller, Plain Speaking: An Oral Biography of Harry S. Truman (1974), 181–82.

“You don’t know how very much”: New York Times, July 22, 1944.

“I shall not campaign, in the usual sense”: Message to the Democratic convention, July 20, 1944.

“The humiliation of forcing me”: Larabee, Commander in Chief, 342–43.

“One officer was conspicuously absent…worried to distraction”: Rosenman, 456–59.

“Well, Douglas”: Larabee, Commander in Chief, 343–44.

“Give me an aspirin”: William Manchester, American Caesar: Douglas MacArthur, 1880–1964 (1978), 427.

“When General MacArthur was about to leave”: Press conference, July 29, 1944.

CHAPTER 54

“I was shocked by his appearance”: Sherwood, 821.

“He appeared to be very tired”: Howard G. Bruenn, “Clinical Notes on the Illness and Death of Franklin D. Roosevelt,” Annals of Internal Medicine (1970), 579–91; Memo to Harper, undated, FDRL.

“This memorandum was rejected…and current events”: Bruenn, “Clinical Notes.”

“What would you think about our inviting”: Goodwin, 517.

“They were occasions which I welcomed”: Anna Roosevelt Halsted manuscript, undated, FDRL.

“I had really a grand time”: Jean Edward Smith, FDR (2007), 606–07.

“He slept soundly and ate well”: Bruenn, “Clinical Notes.”

a low-fat diet: “Special Diet for the President,” undated, FDRL.

“As usually happens…his normal, robust appearance”: Bruenn, “Clinical Notes” McIntire notes of FDR’s vital signs, Sept. 20–Oct. 4, 1944, FDRL.

“You hear them everywhere you go”: Washington Post, Oct. 28, 1944.

“good, very good”: New York Times, Sept. 26, 1944.

“The President’s health is perfectly O.K.”: Ibid., Oct. 13, 1944.

“even more than the usual crop”: Radio address, Nov. 2, 1944.

“You ought to hear him”: Sherwood, 821.

“Imitation may be”: Address, Sept. 23, 1944.

“Al Smith had qualities of heart”: Statement, Oct. 4, 1944.

“doubly hypothetical surmise”: Sherwood, 830.

“tremendous courage”: Statement, Oct. 8, 1944.

“It’s just a precaution…of righteous victory!”: William B. Brewer, Retaking the Philippines: America’s Return to Corregidor and Bataan, July 1944–March 1945 (1986), 46–50; Douglas MacArthur, A Soldier Speaks: Public Papers and Speeches of General of the Army, Douglas MacArthur,ed. Vorin E. Whan Jr. (1965), 132–33.

“Please excuse this scribble”: Douglas MacArthur, Reminiscences (1964), 216–18.

“The whole American nation today exults”: Statement to MacArthur, Oct. 20, 1944.

“The power which this nation”: Address, Oct. 21, 1944.

CHAPTER 55

“Dearest Franklin”: Lash, 713.

“I offered a way”: ER, 2:250.

“One feels”: ER trip diary, Oct. 30, 1942, FDRL.

“Mrs. Roosevelt has been winning”: From Churchill, Nov. 1, 1942.

“What would you do in China”: ER, 2:284.

“Those delicate little petal-like fingers”: Lash, 679.

“This trip will be attacked”: Ibid., 682.

“This is the kind of thing”: From ER, Sept. 6, 1943, FDRL.

“I’ve never been so hedged”: Lash, 688.

“Wherever Mrs. Roosevelt went”: Christian Advocate, Dec. 30, 1943.

“I wrote a column”: ER to Joseph Lash, July 14, 1944, FDRL.

“I don’t think Pa”: Roosevelt and Shalett, 353.

“Mrs. Roosevelt urged the President”: Sherwood, 831.

“Men and women”: New York Times, Aug. 26, 1945.

“We rejoice with the gallant French people”: Statement, Aug. 24, 1944.

“We should have sufficient material”: Briefing paper by Groves, Dec. 30, 1944, FRUS: Conferences at Malta and Yalta, 1945.

“This was the first indication”: Sherwood, 844–45.

“He says that if we had spent ten years”: Log of Malta trip, Feb. 2, 1945, FRUS: Malta and Yalta.

“more bloodthirsty…only out of kindness”: Bohlen notes of Roosevelt-Stalin meeting, Feb. 4, 1945, FRUS: Malta and Yalta.

“the whole map of Europe, in fact”: Combined Chiefs of Staff minutes of Roosevelt-Stalin-Churchill meeting, Feb. 4, 1945, FRUS: Malta and Yalta.

“Marshal Stalin, the President, and the Prime Minister…where for they sang”: Bohlen minutes of Roosevelt-Stalin-Churchill dinner meeting, Feb. 4, 1945, FRUS: Malta and Yalta.

“I would like to know, definitely…would be the limit”: H. Freeman Matthews minutes, Feb. 5, 1945, FRUS: Malta and Yalta.

“in the Black Sea area”: Joint communiqué, Feb. 7, 1945, FRUS: Malta and Yalta.

“in an excellent humor…from our grasp”: Bohlen minutes, Feb. 8, 1945, FRUS: Malta and Yalta.

“I come from a great distance…they will be shot”: Matthews minutes, Feb. 6, 1945, FRUS: Malta and Yalta.

“I am greatly disturbed”: To Stalin, Feb. 6, 1945.

“Nazi Germany is doomed…and secret ballot”: Yalta communiqué, Feb. 12, 1945, FRUS: Malta and Yalta.

“The leaders of the three Great Powers”: Agreement, Feb. 11, 1945, FRUS: Malta and Yalta.

CHAPTER 56

“It was the best I could do”: Berle, 477.

“Ten years from now”: Bohlen minutes, Feb. 6, 1945, FRUS: Malta and Yalta.

“The President has lost ten pounds”: Margaret Suckley, Closest Companion: The Unknown Story of the Intimate Friendship between Franklin Roosevelt and Margaret Suckley, ed. Geoffrey C. Ward (1995), 346.

“I had quite a talk with Anna”: Ibid., 366–70.

“He was obviously greatly fatigued”: Bruenn, “Clinical Notes.”

“very tired”: Churchill, 6:391, 397.

“Franklin feels his death very much”: Suckley, Closest Companion, 397.

“I hope that you will pardon me…We cannot fail them again”: Address to Congress, March 1, 1945.

“I did not think it”: Hassett, 318.

“Tonight had another talk”: Ibid., 327–28.

“The drive was too long”: Suckley, Closest Companion, 413.

“His color was much better”: Bruenn, “Clinical Notes.”

“preceded by an Old-fashioned cocktail”: Hassett, 332.

“His voice was wonderful”: Smith, Thank You, Mr. President, 186.

“I have been offered”: Morgenthau, 3:417.

“In the quiet beauty of the Georgia spring”: Hassett, 333.

“He had slept well”: Bruenn, “Clinical Notes.”

“He came in, looking very fine”: Suckley, Closest Companion, 417.

“He was in good spirits but did not look well”: Hassett, 333.

“We have fifteen minutes…‘back of my head’”: Suckley, Closest Companion, 418.

“It was apparent that the President”: Bruenn, “Clinical Notes” Notes by Bruenn, April 12, 1945, FDRL.

CHAPTER 57

“I have a terrible announcement to make…miracle”: New York Times and Washington Post, April 13–16, 1945.

“He should gain weight…in the question”: Lash, 719–20.

“I did not even ask why”: ER, 2:344.

“I am more sorry for the people…trouper to the last”: Ibid.; New York Times, April 13, 1945; McCullough, Truman, 342.

She said that Lucy had been with the president: Lash, 722.

“I had schooled myself to believe”: ER, 2:348–49.

“She would rather light a candle”: New York Times, Nov. 8, 1962.

“Americans are gathered together”: Posthumous message, April 13, 1945.

“You cannot go all this way”: Churchill, 4:694.

“It’s the most lovely spot”: Charles McMoran Wilson Moran, Churchill: The Struggle for Survival, 1940–1965, Taken from the Diaries of Lord Moran (1966), 90.

“Come, Pendar, let’s go home”: Kenneth Pendar, Adventure in Diplomacy: Our French Dilemma (1945), 154.