PROLOGUE
“An idiot who got lucky”: author interview with anonymous Perth business leader, 2012.
“the hallmark of a great entrepreneur”: Daniel Goleman, “The Psyche of the Entrepreneur”, The New York Times, 2 February 1986.
“the will to conquer”: Joseph A Schumpeter, The Theory of Economic Development: An Inquiry into Profits, Capital, Credit, Interest and the Business Cycle, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1934.
CHAPTER 1: THE FORREST LEGACY
“So much of what he does is proving to his mother”: author interview with Warwick Grigor, 2013.
“Andrew would like to emulate his great-great-uncle”: Don Forrest to Cameron Stewart, “The Accidental Billionaire”, The Weekend Australian magazine, 24 May 2008.
“We can never escape who we are”: Andrew Forrest to Mark Drummond, “Forrest Fire”, The West Australian, 1 September 2007.
“those two guys probably did have an impact”: Andrew Forrest, interviewed by Peter Thompson, Centre for Social Impact, 27 May 2011.
“[the family legacy] is on his shoulder”: author interview with Graeme Kirke, 2012.
“He’s seriously got whatever it was”: Janie Hicks, Dynasties, ABC TV, 28 November 2005.
“Andrew will probably go down as a very significant part”: David Forrest, Dynasties.
“Twiggy has said his business motto today”: Elizabeth Knight, “Lunch with Andrew Forrest”, The Sydney Morning Herald, 12 June 2010.
“as successful Olympic athletes”: Geoffrey Bolton, Land of Vision and Mirage: Western Australia since 1826, UWA Press, Crawley, WA, 2008, p42.
“Water became scarce and grass gave way to spinifex”: Cyril Ayris, John Forrest: Man of Legend, Cyril Ayris, West Perth, WA, 1996, p27.
“his achievements are largely ignored”: Bolton, Land of Vision and Mirage, p42.
“local boy made good”: Frank Crowley, Big John Forrest 1847–1918: A Founding Father of the Commonwealth of Australia, UWA Press, Crawley, WA, 2000, p58.
“Why did he seek the premiership so ardently?”: Crowley, Big John Forrest, p79.
“Railways, harbours, everything”: Crowley, Big John Forrest, p101.
“waste and extravagance”: Bolton, Land of Vision and Mirage, p63.
“promoted an ideology of development”: Bob Reece & Tom Stannage (eds), European–Aboriginal Relations in Western Australia: Studies in Western Australian History, Vol. 8, UWA Department of History, Crawley, WA, 1984.
“until the race died out”: Crowley, Big John Forrest, p298.
“It’s all very well for us to be incensed”: Crowley, Big John Forrest, p298.
“There are millions of them”: Crowley, Big John Forrest, p203.
“this compound of social snobbery”: Crowley, Big John Forrest, p5.
“used his own money to finance expeditions”: Alison & Dinee Muir, Forrest Family, Pioneers of Western Australia, JR Muir & Son, Manjimup, WA, 1982, p85.
“played the stockmarket with zest”: Muir, Forrest Family, p88.
“it would have been almost impossible”: Muir, Forrest Family, p90.
“As a capitalist he was an uncomplicated believer”: GC Bolton, “Forrest, Alexander (1849–1901)”, Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 8, Melbourne University Publishing, South Carlton, Vic., 1981.
“He died with an estate worth £195,238”: Bolton, “Forrest, Alexander”.
“My dear Deakin, ‘Et tu, Brute?’”: Crowley, Big John Forrest, p423.
“I have faced death before”: Muir, Forrest Family, p85.
CHAPTER 2: MINDEROO
“We could get on a horse and ride” and “You made your life with the animals”: Andrew Forrest and Janie Hicks, Dynasties.
“These kids were smarter than me”: Andrew Forrest, Speech to 10th National Business Leaders Forum on Sustainable Development, May 2009.
“Mum pulled me out of the hostel”: Knight, “Lunch with Andrew Forrest”.
“a much more extended family”: Andrew Forrest, Speech to National Business Leaders Forum.
“I was in awe of him”: Billy Rule, “Dance of Destiny”, The Sunday Times, 27 June 2010.
“you’ve just done a bloody man’s job”: Rule, “Dance of Destiny”.
“the ‘wild native’ drove his spear”: Muir, Forrest Family, p101.
“David told the magistrate”: Muir, Forrest Family, p101.
“a real at-oneness with the land”: Forrest, interviewed by Peter Thompson.
“My strongest memory of Grandad”: Dynasties.
“I don’t think Dad enjoyed it” and “He used to tell me what to do”: Dynasties.
“When it was stinking hot”: Dynasties.
“I could cope with the heat”: Dynasties.
“I don’t know what I went into”: Dynasties.
“Don forced him to chew a mouthful of soap”: Drummond, “Forrest Fire”.
“Don was reluctant to tell his son he was proud of him”: Stewart, “The Accidental Billionaire”.
“it was his strong mother”: Knight, “Lunch with Andrew Forrest”.
“We came across industry of sight and sound”: Dynasties.
“Forrest would return to the Cape Lambert project”: Michael Weir, “Forrest Rises Above Doubters”, The West Australian, 30 May 1998.
“the huge Mount Whaleback mine had engaged”: Paul Cleary, Too Much Luck: The Mining Boom and Australia’s Future, Black Inc., Collingwood, Vic, 2011, p132.
“With little demand for their skills”: Bolton, Land of Vision and Mirage, p157.
“he believed ‘no-good half-caste’”: Lang Hancock, quoted in the documentary Couldn’t Be Fairer, Dennis O’Rourke (producer), 1984.
“It was always hateful, absolutely dreadful”: Dynasties.
“you’d try and get as much red dust”: Dynasties.
CHAPTER 3: FISTICUFFS AND FAILURES
“I always had the stutter”: Forrest, interviewed by Peter Thompson.
“I’m amazed he speaks so well now”: Drummond, “Forrest Fire”.
“likening the environment to the savagery”: author interview with Tony London, 2012.
“Moyes was ‘well past his use-by date’”: author interview with anonymous former Christ Church student, 2012.
“Forrest taunting a fellow student”: author interview with anonymous former Christ Church student, 2012.
“boomerang elbow”: Drummond, “Forrest Fire”.
“He was very quick”: author interview with anonymous former Christ Church student, 2012.
“it was lucky he had a sheep and cattle station”: Drummond, “Forrest Fire”.
“He was a very unhappy boy” and “Andrew divided people”: author interview with Tony London, 2012.
“He was fighting one morning”: author interview with anonymous former Christ Church student, 2012.
“I was standing at the top of the stairs” and “After our encounter”: author interview with John Weatherhead, 2012.
“a joke about Forrest’s stutter”: author interview with Bruce Strapp, 2012.
“I didn’t want to pry”: author interview with Ken Tregonning, 2013.
“There was no way if he stayed at Christ Church”: author interview with Rohan Pixley, 2012.
“I used to relish boys who were in trouble” and “He told me long after”: author interview with Ken Tregonning, 2013.
“he’d end up pushing the envelope a bit”: author interview with anonymous former Hale student, 2013.
“we realised he was a snake oil salesman”: Forrest, interviewed by Peter Thompson.
“It was a real blood sport”: Knight, “Lunch with Andrew Forrest”.
“His stutter was still quite pronounced” and “He was very persistent in asking girls out”: author interview with anonymous friend of Andrew Forrest, 2013.
“the fact that Forrest repeated Year 11”: author interview with Ken Tregonning, 2013.
“He was reasonably good academically”: author interview with anonymous former Hale student, 2013.
“The world is full of intellectuals that failed”: Knight, “Lunch with Andrew Forrest”.
“when boarders from yesteryear make good”: author interview with Bill Edgar, 2013.
“a huge wave sank the small fishing boat”: Stewart, “The Accidental Billionaire”.
“I’d kind of been given the impression”: Forrest, interviewed by Peter Thompson.
“He was never really interested in cattle and sheep”: Stewart, “The Accidental Billionaire”.
CHAPTER 4: THE WILD WEST
“It was hard to be serious”: author interview with John Poynton, 2013.
“terribly enthusiastic young man”: Drummond, “Forrest Fire”.
“People liked going to Laurie for money”: Anne Lampe & Colleen Ryan, “How Laurie Sank a Bank”, The Sydney Morning Herald, 28 January 1989.
“Connell was siphoning off more than $130 million”: Trevor Sykes, The Bold Riders: Behind Australia’s Corporate Collapses, Allen & Unwin, Crows Nest, NSW, p96.
“Depositors [of Rothwells] would surely have been alarmed”: Sykes, The Bold Riders, p96.
“He was always on two phones”, “We had to buy him a suit” and “We all went to the window”: author interview with Graeme Kirke, 2012.
“the ‘incredibly brave’ Forrest jumped in”: Paul Lampathakis, “‘Brave’ Twiggy Forrest Punched as He Breaks Up Street Fight”, The Sunday Times, 4 December 2010.
“between Laurie and a bag of money”: Sykes, The Bold Riders, p70.
“I don’t think Andrew could ever work without”: author interview with Graeme Kirke, 2012.
“That was something adults did”: author interview with anonymous former colleague of Andrew Forrest, 2012.
“Jacksons were go-getting blokes”: author interview with Peter Richard, 2013.
“got his break in the early 1980s”: Mark Drummond, “The ’80s Upstart Who’s Come Home to Spend his Fortune”, The West Australian, 5 May 2007.
“Andrew idolised Dave”: author interview with anonymous former colleague of Andrew Forrest, 2012.
“he never quite stayed out of trouble”: “Trading in Max Poised to Resume as Probe Concludes”, Financial Times, 27 October 2007.
“I wasn’t sure whether to go”: author interview with Jeff Braysich, 2012.
“many of the older brokers along St Georges Terrace”: author interview with John Poynton, 2013.
“We weren’t exactly loved”, “They did their big deals” and “Andrew comes straight in”: author interview with Jeff Braysich, 2012.
“We didn’t know any better” and “You were either his best mate”: author interview with Jeff Braysich, 2012.
“He was a mentor” and “He was happy to go out”: author interview with anonymous former colleague of Andrew Forrest, 2012.
“There are some excellent situations”: “Shell-Shocked Brokers Remain Nervous”, The Australian Financial Review, 22 October 1987.
CHAPTER 5: SIN CITY
“It was Laurie Connell” and “The normal procedures you’d follow”: author interview with Peter Richard, 2013.
“remembers Forrest as a skilled raconteur”: author interview with Ross Dobinson, 2013.
“A lot of people criticise him”: author interview with Ross Dobinson, 2013.
“he outlined plans for Intersuisse”: Elizabeth Knight, “Forrest Resigns from Jacksons”, The Sydney Morning Herald, 6 May 1988.
“Forrest made at least forty good friends”: author interview with David Hannon, 2013.
“I did not want to, nor could I”: author interview with Rodney Adler, 2013.
“Andrew with his silver tongue”, “Andrew taught me how to fly first-class”, “Any normal, sane person wouldn’t have done it” and “I’m going to take Nicola out”: author interview with Albert Wong, 2012.
“He had a real weakness for the ladies”: author interview with anonymous friend of Andrew Forrest, 2013.
“He got a bit tired of talk of bridal dresses” and “Nic has been very good for him”: Stewart, “The Accidental Billionaire”.
“all the skeletons started to come out of the closet” and “Andrew’s natural instinct”: author interview with Albert Wong, 2012.
“promising investors that the alpacas would deliver”: “Alpaca as Investment”, The Australian Financial Review, 16 June 1992.
“demonstrated that he would conduct his business”: International Alpaca Management & Ors v Ensor & Ors [1995] FCA 1990 (7 April 1995).
“self-assured and at times amused by his own evidence”: International Alpaca Management & Ors v Ensor & Ors [1995] FCA 1990 (7 April 1995).
“Anyone who knows me will tell you”: Ben Hills, “How to Win Friends and Infuriate Anglo”, The Sydney Morning Herald, 26 May 2001.
“the business venture was ‘quite marginal’”: author interview with Rodney Adler, 2013.
“Everyone advised me not to do it” and “In the first three years I brought in”: author interview with Warwick Grigor, 2013.
“Albert, you know the future is Asia”: author interview with Albert Wong, 2012.
“most substantially financed, racist organisation”: Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission, Report of the National Inquiry into Racist Violence in Australia, 1991.
“A front group created to contest”: Ramon Glazov, “Prince of the Pilbara”, The Monthly, July 2013.
“for the Christian faith to command”: The New Times, newsletter, Australian League of Rights, January 1992.
“probably wasn’t a good idea”: author interview with Warwick Grigor, 2013.
“The League represents the respectable face of racism”: Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission, Report of the National Inquiry into Racist Violence in Australia, 1991.
“Jeremy Lee, was also a key figure”: Ramon Glazov, “Prince of the Pilbara”, The Monthly, July 2013.
“share a commitment to Christianity”: author interview with David Thompson, 2013.
“he believed his new digs would prove to be a sound investment”: Kathryn Bice, “Hewson sells house for $1m”, The Australian Financial Review, 24 May 1993.
“He had a fairly cavalier approach”, “Andrew was a little bit out of control” and “Andrew had a favourite term”: author interview with Warwick Grigor, 2013.
CHAPTER 6: DREAMS IN THE DESERT
“Salter returned to business only to be sacked”: Andrew Burrell, “Burnt Investors Get at Payne’s to Explain”, The Weekend Australian, 3 December 2011.
“He came to me and said”: author interview with Rodney Adler, 2013.
“probably feels a bit constrained”: Damon Frith, “Magnesium Next for Anaconda”, The Australian, 29 July 1999.
“Everyone who’s done business with me”: Damon Kitney, “From Despair to a Dream Fulfilled in a Year”, The Australian Financial Review, 3 November 1997.
“He also boasted of how Anaconda”: Tom Baddeley, “Court Criticism a New Blow to Nickel Project, The West Australian, 25 March 1997.
“he’d clearly had a good lunch”: Mark Drummond, “Racy Russet”, The West Australian, 29 March 1997.
“He said …. I was pathetic”: Baddeley, “Court Criticism a New Blow”.
“Forrest, who wasn’t represented by a lawyer in court”: Hills, “How to Lose Friends”.
“If someone else could have achieved”: Michael Weir, “I Would Trade Fee for Time: Forrest”, The West Australian, 18 November 1997.
“That was one of the toughest times”: “The Mine Field”, Four Corners, ABC TV, 12 August 2002.
“some companies have trouble financing a new car park”: John McIlwraith, “Skill at Raising Money Baffles Rivals”, The Australian, 2 August 1999.
“He later admitted to bribing officials”: Marc Rich, “‘King of Oil’ Pardoned by Clinton, Dies at 78”, Reuters, 26 June 2013.
“They were all harebrained ideas”: author interview with anonymous former Anaconda executive “A”, 2013.
“As a CEO there’s nobody”: author interview with anonymous former Anaconda executive “B”, 2012.
“We argued with Glencore”: Andrew Forrest, interview with Ticky Fullerton, “The Mine Field”, Four Corners.
“The autoclaves are performing”: Tim Treadgold, “Crunch Time for Nickel Hopefuls”, BRW, 29 January 1996.
“although the flash vessels were not working”: Barry Fitzgerald, “Anaconda Shares Fall into Murrin Acid Bath, The Age, 17 March 1999.
“Forrest would admit that the plant was seriously flawed”: Andrew Forrest, interview with Ticky Fullerton, “The Mine Field”, Four Corners.
“I’ve met a lot of managing directors”: Matt Price, “Caught Out in a Dangerous Game”, The Australian, 5 March 2007.
“Andrew was ringing me up”: author interview with Wayne Richards, 2012.
“the ‘nightmares’ of the previous two years”: Andrew Forrest, speech at Murrin Murrin opening, 29 July 1999.
“Where companies and individuals strive to achieve”: Forrest, speech at Murrin Murrin opening.
“With Twiggy, you’re either totally for him”: author interview with Paul Armstrong, 2012.
“I’m not interested in games”: Edensor Nominees v Anaconda Nickel [2001] VSC 502 (18 December 2001).
“There has not been an obligation”: Andrew Main, “Gutnick on Defensive as Centaur Breaks Leg”, The Australian Financial Review, 11 December 2000.
“pursued a ‘deliberate plan’” and other findings: Edensor Nominees v Anaconda Nickel.
“Gutnick was a truthful witness”: Edensor Nominees v Anaconda Nickel.
“It’s a strange judgment”: Mark Drummond, “‘Untruthful’ Forrest Hits Out at $10m Judgment”, The West Australian, 20 December 2001.
“very clever Queen’s counsel”: Forrest, interview with Ticky Fullerton, “The Mine Field”, Four Corners.
“Anyone who knows me”: Drummond, “‘Untruthful’ Forrest Hits Out”.
“I prefer the evidence of Mr Spohler”: Van der Sluys and anor v Anaconda Nickel Nl and others [2002] NSWSC 673 (31 July 2002).
“both truthful and substantially accurate”: Anaconda Nickel v Tarmoola Australia, unreported, Supreme Court of Western Australia (24 February 1999).
“The numbers were tight”: Sharon Kemp, “Ralph Recalls Power of One”, The West Australian, 24 July 1991.
“the idea had probably germinated”: Albert Wong, quoted in “The Mine Field”, Four Corners.
“missed targets, lost production”: Hills, “How to Lose Friends”, The Sydney Morning Herald, 26 May 2001.
“The winner is an independent Anaconda Nickel”: “Truce at Anaconda, Forrest to Surrender Chief’s Role”, The West Australian, 1 June 2001.
“Andrew knew it all”: author interview with anonymous former Anaconda executive “D”, 2013.
“It taught me cynically”: Andrew Forrest, quoted in “Never, Ever Give up – The Fortescue Metals Group Story”, video, December 2012.
“There’s no doubt it wouldn’t have happened”: author interview with Peter Johnston, 2013.
“I remember Andrew coming through the office”: author interview with anonymous former Anaconda executive “E”, 2012.
“financial pressure”: Forrest v Commissioner of Taxation [2010] FCAFC 6 (5 February 2010).
“narcotics-related exercise”: Malcolm Brown, “Huge Kings Cross Heroin Racket Busted, Court Told”, The Sydney Morning Herald, 27 August 1987.
“they would receive returns of 30 per cent”: “Equity-1 Ltd: investor warning”, ASIC media release, 30 January 2003.
“he believes he and Twiggy bonded that night”, “I called the guy at the bank” and “Forrest told me”: author interview with Shayne Heffernan, 2013.
CHAPTER 7: THE COMEBACK KID
“To create an Australian-owned”: Andrew Forrest, presentation to Allied Mining and Processing shareholders, 18 July 2003.
“I thought, [it] will be like Napoleon said”: Drummond, “Forrest Fire”.
“Andrew said, ‘Come and have a scotch’”: Paul Lampathakis, “Man of Steel”, The Sunday Times, 18 May 2008.
“I laid out a map of the Pilbara”: Forrest, quoted in “Never, Ever Give Up”.
“After that first meeting with Andrew”: Graeme Rowley, quoted in A Sense of Place – The Fortescue Story, Fortescue Metals Group, 2008.
“A few friends of mine were very questioning”: Chris Catlow, quoted in “Never, Ever Give Up”.
“That first meeting with Andrew reminded me”: email to author from John Hancock, 2013.
“corporate cruelty”: Knight, “Lunch with Andrew Forrest”.
“the bravest thing he’s done”: Nicola Forrest, quoted in “Never, Ever Give Up”.
“I knew he could sell ice to the Eskimos”: author interview with Mark Caruso, 2012.
“remarkably selfless corporate act”: Robin Bromby, “Fortescue Chief Makes a Killing”, The Australian, 17 February 2005.
“Fortescue was started by a few friends”: Andrew Forrest, address to the National Press Club, 2 May 2012.
“Andrew hugs me when he sees me”, “Iron ore back then was sewerage shit”, “Negotiations were colourful” and “The bank wouldn’t transfer”: author interview with Mark Caruso, 2012.
“It felt like the movie Wall Street”: author interview with Philip Kirchlechner, 2012.
“It was the most disorganised show” and “We had to think outside the box”: author interview with David Mendelawitz, 2013.
“We assayed the samples”: Andrew Forrest, quoted in “Never, Ever Give Up”.
“Andrew liked Eamon”: author interview with anonymous former Fortescue executive “A”, 2012.
“Morale was good”: author interview with David Mendelawitz, 2013.
“I wouldn’t have anyone up there”: Eamon Hannon, quoted in “Never, Ever Give Up”.
“Scour the entire Pilbara”: Andrew Forrest, quoted in A Sense of Place.
“compare the work of his ancestors”: Nick Evans, “Forrest Hails Hamersley Homecoming”, The West Australian, 23 December 2012.
“it appeared to be operating in real estate”: Jonathan Barrett, “Twiggy’s Land Grab”, The Australian Financial Review, 17 March 2012.
“The rejection I received was so blunt”: Paul Garvey, “Critics Change Tune on Twiggy Growth Story”, The Australian Financial Review, 31 August 2007.
“I said to [Argus] that we can both save”: Herb Elliott, quoted in “Never, Ever Give Up”.
“cutting back on its exploration work”: Peter Thompson and Robert Macklin, Big Fella: The Rise and Rise of BHP Billiton, William Heinemann, North Sydney, NSW, 2009, p424.
“You hear about new ideas every day”: Christopher Webb, “Chip Lets Fly at Ore-Struck Promoters”, The Age, 17 February 2005.
“lodged challenges over more than 100 tenements”: John Phaceas, “Anaconda in Spoiling Play”, The Australian, 3 December 2001.
“BHP dumped its long-standing broker”: Mark Drummond, “BHP Dumps JP Morgan over Link to Fortescue”, The West Australian, 25 August 2007.
“most analysts will only cover a stock”: author interview with Greg Lilleyman, 2012.
“when a stock rises on rhetoric and promotion”: Adele Ferguson, “Iron Man”, BRW, 4 August 2005.
“The more they threw at us”: John Clout, quoted in “Never, Ever Give Up”.
“If they’d embraced us a little more”: Mark Thomas, quoted in ““Never, Ever Give Up”.
CHAPTER 8: BURKE’S BACKYARD
“smarter than two-thirds”: The World Today, ABC radio, 5 March 2007.
“‘improper’ and ‘reprehensible’”: Royal Commission into Commercial Activities of Government and Other Matters, report, volume 6, 1992.
“we would relish another ban”: Andrew Burrell, “The Man Who Bought a Political Party”, The Australian Financial Review, 2 March 2007.
“I told him it’s extremely complex” and “BHP had contacts in the department”: author interview with Brian Burke, 2013.
“Rio believed that the government approvals” and “Appropriate support should be given to companies”: John Phaceas, “State, Miners at Odds on FMG”, The West Australian, 11 November 2004.
“A state government agreement Act”: Hansard, WA Legislative Assembly, 26 November 2004.
“the proponent has an ability to raise funds” and “The leader of the Opposition needs”: Hansard, 26 November 2004.
“All of a sudden it gave them”: author interview with Brian Burke, 2013.
“Andrew got really close to us”: author interview with Julian Grill, 2013.
“They had their own people” and “I once made the mistake”: author interview with Julian Tapp, 2013.
“who donated $2500 to Bowler’s re-election campaign”: Corruption and Crime Commission (CCC), Report on the Investigation of Alleged Public Sector Misconduct in Connection with the Activities of Lobbyists and Other Persons – Fortescue Metals Group, 14 September 2009.
“FMG Friday crisis” and “This was a multibillion-dollar project”: CCC transcript, 27 February 2007.
“The Woodstock Abydos experience”: State of the Environment Committee, Independent Report to the Australian Government Minister for Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities, 2011.
“The project will be killed by indecision”: CCC transcript, 27 February 2007.
“We’d have had to go around” and “Minister, each time they go to blast”: Andrew Forrest, quoted in “Never, Ever Give Up”.
“conversation was being covertly recorded by CCC investigators”: CCC, Report on the investigation of alleged public sector misconduct.
“As far as any lobbying goes”: “Burke an excellent trainer – FMG”, AAP, 16 November 2006.
“We did retain Burke and Grill”: Marsha Jacobs, “$2 Billion Man Seizes the Moment”, The Australian Financial Review, 19 March 2007.
“Grill also now confirms” and “Most clients took the time to express gratitude”: author interview with Julian Grill, 2013.
“I don’t think anyone else but Twiggy Forrest”: author interview with Brian Burke, 2013.
CHAPTER 9: TO GET RICH IS GLORIOUS
“Working for a junior, it’s terrible”: author interview with Philip Kirchlechner, 2012.
“Every time we would go to this mill”, “You had three players supplying” and “When someone else came along”: author interview with Russell Scrimshaw, 2013.
“David Liu is the guy who … personifies courage”: Andrew Forrest, quoted in “Never, Ever Give Up”.
“laid fraud charges against Falcone”: Securities and Exchange Commission, “Philip A Falcone and Harbinger charged with securities fraud”, media release, 27 June 2012.
“a hyperactive, smart, energetic Australian entrepreneur”: Sonali Paul, “Twiggy’s Grand Bet on Australian Iron Ore Turns Sour”, Reuters, 16 September 2012,
“I went to bed at 1am thinking”: author interview with Russell Scrimshaw, 2013.
“There was a silence that seemed like forever”: Russell Scrimshaw, quoted in “Never, Ever Give Up”.
“greatest visionary in the Australian resources sector”: Paul Garvey, “Critics Change Tune on Twiggy Growth Story”, The Australian Financial Review, 31 August 2007.
“How he achieves things is questionable”: author interview with Eddie Rigg, 2013.
“All of the project management things we’d learned”: Peter Meurs, quoted in “Never, Ever Give Up”.
“Everyone here is part of our Fortescue family”: Jennifer Hewett, “Fortescue’s Pilbara Love Story”, The Australian Financial Review, 2 May 2012.
“Because he’s a man of action”: author interview with anonymous former Fortescue executive “B”, 2013.
“One thing I found annoying”: author interview with anonymous former Fortescue executive “B”, 2013.
“If I was a little bit hesitant”: author interview with Philip Kirchlechner, 2012.
“He always thought he was right”: author interview with Philip Kirchlechner, 2012.
“a dispute over options”: Australian Securities and Investments Commission v Fortescue Metals Group Ltd [No 5] [2009] FCA 1586 (23 December 2009).
“Their desk would be suddenly empty”: author interview with anonymous former Fortescue executive “C”, 2012.
“That will bring you undone”: Mark Mentiplay, “FMG Fired by Vision and Empowerment”, WA Business News, 16 February 2006.
“Everyone told us we would never succeed”: author interview with David Mendelawitz, 2013.
“Nothing short of a miracle”: Russell Scrimshaw, quoted in “Never, Ever Give Up”.
“It’s the end of five years’ hard work”: Andrew Burrell, “At Last, the Ship Comes in for Forrest”, The Australian Financial Review, 30 May 2008.
“It was Andrew, basically”: Paul Lampathakis, “Why Is Louise Happy?” The Sunday Times, 18 May 2008.
“Australian institutions accounted for a meagre 3.9 per cent”: Jennifer Hewett, “Aussie Investors Too Late in Boarding Twiggy’s Pilbara Gravy Train”, The Weekend Australian, 1 December 2007.
“The company is building the most significant”: Drummond, “Forrest Fire”.
“I’m happy to be chained to the tracks”: Matt Chambers and Damon Kitney, “Fund Manager’s Railway Jibe Spurred Fortescue Founder On”, The Australian, 2 June 2011.
CHAPTER 10: THE GREAT ESCAPE
“If you think everything is crook in Tallarook”: Michael Vaughan, “Between the Rocks and the Hard Places, The Australian Financial Review, 11 March 2009.
“I’m not such a great manager”: Mark Ludlow, “I’m Not a Good Manager; Forrest”, The Australian Financial Review, 21 June 2011.
“Forrest only chose that number”: author interview with anonymous former Fortescue executive “C”, 2012.
“Right now the focus needs to be”: Jamie Freed, “Fortescue Unveils Aggressive Expansion”, The Australian Financial Review, 12 August 2010.
“his ‘severe exaggeration’”: Ian Cumming and Joseph Steinberg, letter to Leucadia shareholders, 25 June 2013.
“His personality dominated the FMG board”: Cumming and Steinberg, letter to Leucadia shareholders, 25 June 2013.
“I think it’s a great investment”: Sarah-Jane Tasker, “Forrest Puts Money Where Mouth Is”, The Australian, 30 August 2012.
“Fortescue was in ‘great shape’”: Tasker, “Forrest Puts Money Where Mouth Is”.
“He [Forrest] builds iron ore mines on a vast scale”: Paul, “Twiggy’s Grand Bet”.
“Workers munched on sandwiches”: Jamie Freed, “Fortescue’s Near-Death Experience”, The Australian Financial Review BOSS magazine, 10 May 2013.
“I couldn’t even say goodbye”: Rania Spooner, “Fortescue Tumult Continues as Secretary Resigns”, The Age, 6 September 2012.
“Of all our assets, the ones we value most”: A Sense of Place, p110.
“It was a very sad day for Fortescue”: author interview with anonymous former Fortescue executive “D”, 2013.
“I can’t tell you how well I am sleeping at night”: Matthew Stevens, “Twiggy Comes Out Swinging”, The Australian Financial Review, 8 September 2012.
“barbecues would be axed”: Stephen Bell, “Barbecues Get Chopped as Miner Fortescue Cuts the Fat”, The Wall Street Journal, 25 September 2012.
“The main story on the front page”: Nick Evans, “Fortescue Sheds $1.5b as Debt Crisis Bites”, The West Australian, 14 September 2012.
“The disaster unfolding at Fortescue”: Adam Schwab, “Fortescue: The Prophet and the Loss”, Crikey, 18 September 2012.
“describing it as ‘succulent’”: Leucadia National Corporation, annual report, 2011.
“Fortescue was willing to pay”: Stephen Shore, “Fortescue’s Great Escape”, The Weekend Australian Financial Review, 19–20 January 2013.
“He warned that Fortescue”: Stephen Shore, “Fortescue’s Great Escape”.
“Andrew Forrest is financially secure once more”: John Durie, “Has Forrest Learned Debt Lesson?” The Australian, 18 September 2012.
“reports of my death”: Stevens, “Twiggy Comes Out Swinging”.
“It is safe to say that enterprise”: John Maynard Keynes, The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, Macmillan for the Royal Economic Society, London, 1936.
“Forrest is hugely exposed to a single market”: author interview with Philip Kirchlechner, 2013.
CHAPTER 11: CHINA CRISIS
“He announced he was seeking a partnership”: Mark Drummond, “Forrest Seeks Hope Downs Partnership”, The Australian Financial Review, 19 July 2003.
“not something we are spending a lot of time”: James Chessell, “ConsMin Lends Ear to Forrest”, The West Australian, 21 July 2003.
“a move that would boost Fortescue’s chances”: Chessell, “ConsMin Lends Ear to Forrest”.
“Graeme was stupid to buy shares”: author interview with anonymous former Fortescue executive “E”, 2013.
“It was not Fortescue’s intention”: “Fortescue Metals Group”, ASX statement, 27 April 2005.
“called on Forrest to resign”: Matthew Stevens, “Forrest Must Get the Chop”, The Australian, 3 March 2006.
“the ban would likely last”: Andrew Main, “Fortescue Stirs High Court’s Juices”, The Australian, 3 October 2011.
“You talk about a $1.85 billion project”: Elizabeth Sexton, “The Gilded Lily That Might Just Break a Forrest”, The Sydney Morning Herald, 21 February 2011.
“These commitments by Chinese interests”: media release, Fortescue Metals Group, 5 November 2004.
“Andrew Forrest has pulled off”: Robin Bromby, “Forrest Pulls Off $1.8bn China Coup”, The Weekend Australian, 6 November 2004.
“We have no money”: witness statement of Wei Fisher, Federal Court of Australia, 21 April 2008.
“This is a very important project”: witness statement of Wei Fisher.
“when Andrew Forrest saw this fax”: witness statement of Wei Fisher.
“After lunch I was called” and “This is Graeme’s decision”: witness statement of Wei Fisher.
“Chinese groups would not pursue the project”: Stephen Wyatt, “Doubts Hit Fortescue’s Iron Ore Project”, The Australian Financial Review, 24 March 2005.
“The ability of Mr Forrest”: Ian Howarth, “They’ve Twigged to Smooth-Talking Andrew Forrest”, The Australian Financial Review, 24 March 2005.
“Nobody knew anything about it”: Sean Cowan, “Elliott Got $2m from Share Sales”, The West Australian, 4 March 2006.
“a negotiating ploy”: Nicolas Perpitch, “Chinese ‘Lesson’ on Fortescue Stake”, The Australian, 9 April 2009.
“the conviction was unrelated”: John Garnaut, “Corrupt Middleman Now in Beijing Jail”, The Sydney Morning Herald, 10 April 2009.
“No investor had complained”: Julie-Anne Sprague, “ASIC Case Artificial: Myers”, The Australian Financial Review, 7 May 2009.
“ASIC’s case is an attack on my client”: Chalpat Sonti, “ASIC dispute ‘a lot of hot air’”, The Age, 7 May 2009.
“Forrest had not breached his duties”: Julie-Anne Sprague, “ASIC Case Artificial”.
“blunt commercial tactic”: Australian Securities and Investments Commission v Fortescue Metals Group Ltd [No 5] [2009] FCA 1586 (23 December 2009).
“China’s aim was to drive down”: Andrew Burrell, “Chinese Still Keen on Iron Ore Stake”, The Australian Financial Review, 1 May 2008.
“I have concluded that FMG’s and Forrest’s opinion”: Australian Securities and Investments Commission v Fortescue Metals Group Ltd [No 5] [2009] FCA 1586 (23 December 2009).
“I’d like to take this opportunity to thank God”: Peter Klinger & Peter Kerr, “Forrest Beats Dishonesty Charge after Long Battle”, The West Australian, 24 December 2009.
“We say the question is”: Elizabeth Sexton, “High Stakes: The Case against David Who Turned into a Goliath”, The Sydney Morning Herald, 3 December 2010.
“whether the prosecution of this case by ASIC”: Australian Securities and Investments Commission v Fortescue Metals Group Ltd [2011] FCAFC 19 (18 February 2011).
“More likely than not, many traders lost”: Australian Securities and Investments Commission v Fortescue Metals Group Ltd [2011] FCAFC 19 (18 February 2011).
“mean and vengeful” and “It’s on the record”: Rachel Donkin, “Fortescue’s Chief Claims ASIC Out for Revenge”, The West Australian, 22 February 2011.
“Let’s just say people are looking at this decision”: Andrew Burrell, “Leader of the FMG ‘family’ Unbowed”, The Australian, 26 February 2011.
“When you look at Fortescue”: “Forrest to Appeal Federal Court Decision”, AAP, 21 February 2011.
“I said, ‘We won, Andrew’”: Peter Huston, quoted in “Never, Ever Give Up”.
“Fortescue’s remarks were not directed”: Forrest v Australian Securities and Investments Commission [2012] HCA 39, 2 October 2012.
“everyone who is contemplating an investment”: Andrew Burrell, “Fortescue Case ‘Hurts Investors’”, The Australian, 4 October 2012.
“If remarks are made to the ASX”: Patrick Durkin, Hannah Low & Ayesha de Kretser, “China Hype: High Court Backs Forrest”, The Australian Financial Review, 2 October 2012.
“The majority decision shows some keen commercial insight”: Durkin, Low & de Kretser, “China Hype”.
“Compliance with continuous disclosure”: ASIC, media release, 2 October 2012.
“Everyone saw straight through those Chinese”: Forrest, quoted in “Never, Ever Give Up”.
“create an environment where globally”: Andrew Forrest, doorstop interview, 14 November 2012.
“just another Australian concerned”: Elizabeth Knight, “Forrest Grabs a New Cause”, The Sydney Morning Herald, 6 October 2012.
“Andrew gilds the lily”: author interview with anonymous friend of Andrew Forrest, 2012.
“Seventy per cent of what he says”: author interview with anonymous former Fortescue executive “D”, 2013.
“He’s such a good salesman”: author interview with David Mendelawitz, 2013.
“I know what a lot of people have said”: author interview with Rodney Adler, 2013.
“When you start with nothing”: author interview with Rodney Adler, 2013.
CHAPTER 12: TAXING TIMES
Much of the information in this chapter is taken from the author’s off-the-record interviews with key participants in the mining tax debate.
“I really don’t enjoy the spotlight” and “I don’t want to look as if I am out there”: Stewart, “The Accidental Billionaire”.
“Swan had not delivered”: Maxine McKew, Tales from the Political Trenches, Melbourne University Publishing, Carlton, Vic, pp180-181.
“The combined expertise of Gray”: McKew, Tales from the Political Trenches, p182.
“I rang the treasurer three times”: Paul Kelly, “Rescue Arrived Too Late”, The Australian, 18 April 2012.
“It showed we would have a negative cash flow”: Kelly, “Rescue Arrived Too Late”.
“I’m out there employing thousands of people”: Inside Business, ABC TV, 9 June 2010.
“paying a dollar more in tax”: Joe Spagnolo, “PM Hangs Up Hotline”, The Sunday Times, 6 June 2010.
“I’m very happy to pay tax”: “Fortescue Chief Sees Deal on Mining Tax”, AAP, 27 June 2010.
“John Forrest was determined to ensure”: Robert Taylor, “Billionaires, Workers Rail against New Tax”, The West Australian, 10 June 2010.
“I have a prime minister who is listening”: David Crowe, “PM’s Listening: Forrest”, The Australian Financial Review, 11 June 2010.
“FMG would pay very little”: Treasury briefing by Scott Bartley, 23 June 2010.
“while a headline rate of 40 per cent”: Kelly, “Rescue Arrived Too Late”.
“Fortescue would not sign any separate agreement”: Jennifer Hewett, “Opportunity Lost to Build Australia”, The Australian Financial Review, 18 April 2012.
“all of the companies were not at the table”: Andrew Burrell, “Miners Angry at Forrest ‘Rudd Pact’”, The Australian, 1 July 2010.
“What is good for FMG”: Burrell, “Miners Angry at Forrest ‘Rudd Pact’”.
“We didn’t realise that BHP and Rio”: Kelly, “Rescue Arrived Too Late”.
“Fortescue would ‘carry the burden’”: “Fortescue Dismisses MRRT Draft Legislation”, media release, 13 June 2011.
“It was a really gruelling time for Andrew”: author interview with anonymous friend of Andrew Forrest, 2013.
“irresponsible economic management”: Andrew Burrell, “Resources Tax Could Be Buried by Result”, The Australian, 23 August 2010.
“My heart doesn’t break for Fortescue”: Jennifer Hewett, “Twiggy Delivers Rebuke to Kloppers”, The Australian, 22 September 2010.
“threat to democracy”: Wayne Swan, “The 0.01 Per Cent: The Rising Influence of Vested Interests in Australia”, The Monthly, March 2012.
“I fear Australia’s extraordinary success”: Swan, “The 0.01 Per Cent”.
“The average punter only gets to vote”: Lateline, ABC TV, 5 March 2012.
“I hardly think that Twiggy Forrest”: Patrick Durkin & Michael Smith, “Swan ‘playing man, rather than ball’”, The Australian Financial Review, 6 March 2012.
“It is Swan’s job”: Malcolm Turnbull, “Not Classy, Wayne”, The Australian Financial Review, 16 March 2012.
“All it takes for evil to conquer”: “Mining Tax Evil, Says Fortescue Founder”, ABC radio, 16 November 2012.
“this case should be seen for what it is”: Commonwealth submission, Fortescue Metals Group & Ors v The Commonwealth of Australia, High Court, 2012.
“I think Andrew Forrest is owed an apology”: The World Today, ABC radio, 13 February 2013.
CHAPTER 13: THE INTERVENTION
“the town’s notorious jail housed”: WA Department of Indigenous Affairs, Roebourne Report: Issues, Current Reponses and Strategies for Consideration, Government of Western Australia, July 2009.
“remarkably strong sense of connection”: Daniel v Western Australia [2003] FCA 666 (3 July 2003).
“My grandfather wanted me to realise”: author interview with Michael Woodley, 2013.
“before welfare ‘destroyed’ them”: Andrew Forrest, address to the National Press Club, 2 May 2012.
“Suddenly, you don’t have an economic model”: Joel Gibson, “A Way Out of the Wilderness”, The Age, 4 October 2008.
“‘welfare lobby’ that is ‘powerful’ and ‘nasty’”: Forrest, interviewed by Peter Thompson.
“idiot, feelgood white Australia”: Victoria Laurie, “Twiggy’s Intervention”, The Australian, 20 February 2008.
“When you hear ‘smoke for a poke’”: Forrest, interviewed by Peter Thompson.
“They bought the most powerful”: Forrest, interviewed by Peter Thompson.
“Ian Black was the prized son”: Andrew Forrest, interviewed by Peter Thompson.
“Working makes me feel like I’ve got structure”: GenerationOne video, 2012.
“We don’t want to be left behind”: Kris Dixon, quoted in “Never, Ever Give Up”.
“We want this contract”: Fortescue, ASX announcement, “Fortescue Awards More Than $1 Billion in Contracts to Aboriginal Businesses”, 6 August 2013.
“the disparity in living conditions”: Marcia Langton, “Busted by the Boom”, The Weekend Australian, 24 April 2010.
“Whenever an Aboriginal group negotiates”: Marcia Langton, 2012 Boyer Lectures, 18 November 2012.
“they are being lured into high-paid mining jobs”: author interview with Michael Woodley, 2013.
“They think we will piss it up the wall”: author interview with Michael Woodley, 2013.
“Yarri’s operations would affect the viability”: Nick Evans, “Forrest Loses Latest Round”, The West Australian, 31 January 2013.
“we have always been one Yindjibarndi people”: Steve Pennells, “Red Earth Dreaming, The Weekend West, 23–24 April 2011.
“it would not ‘pay quite the same money’”: “Iron and Dust”, Four Corners, ABC TV, 18 July 2011.
“Fortescue had ‘created’ the splinter group”: “Conflicting Information, Interests and Land Owners Dog FMG”, 7.30, ABC TV, 20 November 2012.
“On the face of it, this was an Aboriginal meeting”: “Conflicting information, interests and land owners dog FMG”, 7.30.
“it did incite racial hatred”: Pennells, “Red Earth Dreaming”.
“more than 20,000 times”: “FMG Great Native Title Swindle Part 1”, video, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6w_fB7e0WCY.
“been viewed about 8000 times”: “The True Yindjibarndi Story”, video, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VGZ_H_SWiQM.
“It’s the same old story”: Stephen Hagan, “A Flawed Native Title Meeting That Could Be Twiggy’s Curse”, National Indigenous Times, 14 April 2011.
“It was the worst, most reprehensible experience”: Paul Cleary, “Miner Tried to Fudge Study: Anthropologist”, The Australian, 17 October 2012.
“It is not uncommon for us to raise queries”: Cleary, “Miner Tried to Fudge Study”.
“Lillian Maher did not declare”: Paul Cleary, “Native Title Boss Didn’t Reveal Ties with FMG”, The Australian, 17 November 2012.
“Kangeenarina Creek has a story associated”: Department of Indigenous Affairs, briefing note to Minister for Indigenous Affairs, 23 December 2011.
“FMG’s compliance with the AHA has been variable”: Department of Indigenous Affairs, memorandum, James Cook to Cliff Weeks, 1 February 2012.
“Collier denied that his duty to protect indigenous heritage”: Neale Prior, “Minister Denies Favours for Mate”, The West Australian, 4 June 2011.
“unduly influenced by your friendship”: “WA Minister Clams Up on FMG Complaint”, AAP, 21 December 2011.
“a weak and morally wrong decision”: “WA Minister Clams Up on FMG Complaint”.
“unless she agreed to delete sections”: Sue Singleton, letter to Registrar of Aboriginal Sites, 5 November 2011.
“a ‘local’ archaeological firm could better provide”: Singleton, letter to Registrar of Aboriginal Sites.
“The heritage department is very focused”: author interview with anonymous former Fortescue consultant, 2013.
“We have spent many millions of dollars to protect”: “Fortescue Rejects Claims of Unlawful Heritage Dealing”, media release, 7 November 2011.
“Under the deal with Anaconda”: Duncan Graham, “Anaconda in Historic Deal with WA Aborigines”, The Age, 4 April 1997.
“It shows we can share”: Graham, “Anaconda in Historic Deal with WA Aborigines”.
“That man has a lot to answer for”: Marcus Priest, “Brand New Day?” The Australian Financial Review Magazine, 28 July 2006.
“They have promised the world”: John Flint, “Aborigines to Sue Miner”, The Sunday Times, 28 April 2002.
“the new deal removed significant heritage”: Priest, “Brand New Day?”
“I didn’t know what was going on”: Andrew Trounson & Kevin Andrusiak, “FMG’s Native Title Deal Unravels”, The Australian, 13 August 2005.
“They had us in a tight corner”: Trounson & Andrusiak, “FMG’s Native Title Deal Unravels”.
“pushed their way into our offices”: Priest, “Brand New day?”
“constantly being pushed and pulled”: Yamatji Malpa Aboriginal Corporation, media release, 18 July 2008.
“While mining companies make billions”: Yamatji Malpa Aboriginal Corporation, media release, 15 October 2009.
“the process of negotiating”: Yamatji Malpa Aboriginal Corporation, media release, 4 June 2010.
“It amazes me to hear”: “Iron and Dust”, Four Corners.
“They want to force upon indigenous people”: author interview with Simon Hawkins, 2013.
“If he didn’t have a mining company”: author interview with Michael Woodley, 2013.
“he has delivered on all his promises”: author interview with Clinton Wolf, 2013.
“When I was a kid”: author interview with Clinton Wolf, 2013.
CHAPTER 14: DOING GOD’S WORK
“One of the reasons I became a Christian”: Andrew Forrest, speech to Pastoralists and Graziers Association of Western Australia convention, September 2012.
“I get all the inspiration”: Paul Lampathakis, “Twiggy’s Big Leap of Faith”, The Sunday Times, 2 May 2010.
“He wasn’t really religious”: author interview with anonymous friend of Andrew Forrest, 2013.
“because that is what gives life to people”: Nicola Forrest chats to Debbie Gould, Deb’s Place, TV program, episode 5.
“What all my kids know”: Drummond, “Forrest Fire”.
“If this acts as an accelerant”: Andrew Burrell, “Miner Shows Charity Mettle”, The Australian Financial Review, 21 September 2007.
“If the options had been issued”: Neil Chenoweth, “Charity Begins at Home for Forrest”, The Australian Financial Review, 19 August 2010.
“The ACT did indeed receive a huge donation”: Neil Chenoweth, “Charity Begins at Home for Forrest”.
“As I was driven into work”: Forrest v Commissioner of Taxation [2010] FCAFC 6 (5 February 2010).
“When the media revealed the nature of the deal”: Peter Klinger, “Glencore’s $3.5m Anaconda Squeeze”, The Australian Financial Review, 11 June 2002.
“These were ‘administrative oversights’”: John Phaceas, “Forrest Gets Trust Cash”, The West Australian, 8 June 2002.
“Don’t we all do something for our personal tax gains”: “The Mine Field”, Four Corners.
“Forrest said he was hurt by criticism”: “The Mine Field”, Four Corners.
“The donation that Andrew sought”: “The Mine Field”, Four Corners.
“If we were too sensitive”: Australian Philanthropy, Issue 81, May 2012.
“to call the indigenous employment pact a ‘covenant’”: Nicola Forrest chats to Debbie Gould, Deb’s Place, TV program, episode 5.
“50,000 jobs in two years”: author interview with anonymous source, 2013.
“It was a complete hit to the solar plexus”: Sarah Elks & Patricia Karvelas, “Twiggy Eyes 50,000 Jobs”, The Australian, 4 August 2008.
“This is the Australian Employment Covenant”: Elks & Karvelas, “Twiggy Eyes 50,000 Jobs”.
“verging on being slightly dangerous rhetoric”: “Indigenous Jobs, Time to Fix Great Wrong: Rudd”, PM, ABC Radio, 30 October 2008.
“claiming Rudd had not followed through”: Andrew Burrell, “Twiggy Ups Challenge in Indigenous Jobs”, The Australian, 30 April 2012.
“represented a notable shift in the landscape”: K. Jordan & D. Mavec, Corporate Initiatives In Indigenous Employment: The Australian Employment Covenant Two Years On, ANU, working paper 74 of 2010.
“I’ve shared with the prime minister”: “Forrest Stands by Indigenous Employment Scheme”, PM, ABC radio, 4 August 2008.
“The problem is structural”: author interview with Warren Mundine, 2013.
“I just wanted to drag myself out of bed”: author interview with Warren Mundine, 2013.
“A lot of people say all sorts”: author interview with Warren Mundine, 2013.
“I was blown away”: author interview with David Collard, 2013.
“Cate Blanchett … whom he described as a ‘mate’”: Grant McArthur & Cheryl Critchley, “Cate Brings Ray of Hope”, Herald Sun, 30 March 2009.
“In a recession, in a smashed economy”: Nick Lenaghan, “Sounds of Support Touch Stricken Town”, The Australian Financial Review, 29 June 2009.
“Forrest is one of the people”: Paul Barry, “Twiggy’s Bushfire Assistance ‘inspiring’”, The Power Index, 14 March 2012.
“He told us to take a ride in the chopper”: Barry, “Twiggy’s Bushfire Assistance ‘inspiring’”.
“I had one of Australia’s richest men”: Julie-Anne Davies, “Magnate Donates Homes to Fire Town”, The Australian, 28 February 2009.
“I couldn’t fault him”: author interview with John Brumby, 2012.
“while Forrest’s generosity was appreciated”: author interview with anonymous Marysville community leader, 2013.
“The Victorian taxpayer was left with a bill”: author interview with anonymous Marysville community leader, 2013.
“Twiggy’s a very complicated individual”: author interview with anonymous Marysville community leader, 2013.
“They [the shares] are dividend-creating”: Stephen Bevis, “Miner Gives Millions to Support Art Endeavours”, The West Australian, 24 August 2011.
“I laughed and said, ‘Mate’”: author interview with Warren Mundine, 2013.
“fastest-growing global online movement ever”: email to author from Nick Grono, 2013.
“We’re able to reach into the most influential families”: Nick Evans, “Miner’s Next Mission is to Tackle Slavery, The West Australian, 3 December 2012.
“Andrew and Nicola’s ‘amazing leadership’”: Julia Gillard, speech at International Women’s Day breakfast, 8 March 2013.
“his boss is highly dedicated”: email to author from Nick Grono, 2013.
“his most inspiring historical figure”: Anthony DeCeglie, “Don’t Write WA Off”, The Sunday Times, 7 July 2013.
“Forrest’s favourite book”: DeCeglie, “Don’t Write WA Off”.
“‘the vast majority’ of their fortune”: Andrew and Nicola Forrest, The Giving Pledge, 2013.
“With laughter we read”: Andrew and Nicola Forrest, The Giving Pledge, 2013.
“Charity is not a substitute for paying tax”: James Massola, “Twiggy to Fight World Slavery”, The Australian Financial Review, 2 June 2012.
“He’s not unaware of how philanthropic issues”: author interview with anonymous former Fortescue executive “F”, 2013.
“I genuinely believe he wants to do good”: author interview with Warwick Grigor, 2013.
“He does not want people”: Michael Sainsbury & Russell Skelton, “Twiggy’s Big Giveaway”, Good Weekend, 30 March 2013.
“one of the world’s greatest philanthropists”: author interview with John Poynton, 2013.
CHAPTER 15: WEALTH AND POWER
“I still walk around barefoot”: Jacobs, “$2 Billion Man Seizes the Moment”.
“Once you can look after your own needs”: Stewart, “The Accidental Billionaire”.
“they dined on quail”: Knight, “Lunch with Andrew Forrest”.
“you have a perfectly good boat”: Stewart, “The Accidental Billionaire”.
“Shoot me if I ever get a private jet”: author interview with anonymous friend of Andrew Forrest, 2012.
“When I first met him”: author interview with Rodney Adler, 2013.
“During a tour of the station”: Katherine Fleming, “Forrest at Home in Red Dust”, The West Australian, 30 April 2012.
“To see the look on my brother’s face”: Fleming, “Forrest at Home in Red Dust”.
“the size of a small town”: WA Mining Warden’s Court decision, FMG Chichester v Rinehart and Hancock Prospecting, 24 August 2007.
“It was difficult to fathom”: FMG Chichester v Rinehart and Hancock Prospecting.
“this proposed condition by Forrest”: FMG Chichester v Rinehart and Hancock Prospecting.
“We are disappointed that someone”: Nick Evans, “Sage Seeks Mineral Claim on Forrest Land”, The West Australian, 6 October 2012.
“These ports and lines will have lives way beyond ours”: Tony Barrass, “Billionaires Cheer as Twiggy Ships His First Ore”, The Australian, 16 May 2008.
“material inefficiencies”: FMG submission to the Economic Regulation Authority, 5 July 2013.
“his railways would be open”: Fortescue Metals Group, annual report, 2004.
“Fortescue demanded up to $576 million”: “Fortescue to Charge Miners up to $554 mln/yr for Pilbara Railway”, Reuters, 30 May 2013.
“He has both the influence and resources”: author interview with Mark Caruso, 2013.
“you might as well be prime minister”: author interview with Albert Wong, 2012.
“He has a need to do what his forefathers”: author interview with Warwick Grigor, 2013.
“Twiggy won’t be happy with”: Matt Chambers, “Twiggy’s Philanthropy Set to Make a Huge Difference”, The Australian, 4 June 2011.
“But I think it would kill him”: author interview with anonymous friend of Andrew Forrest, 2013.
“he will fall victim”: author interview with Brian Burke, 2013.