1. Origins and Boyhood
1. John Major, fol. Ixviii, trans. Alexander Brunton (1881), p.96
2. ‘Genealogy of the Illustrious and Ancient Family of Craigie Wallace’, Appendix B in Wallace Papers
3. The Scotichronicon (Scottish chronicle) is the name given to a compilation produced in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. It was started by John of Fordun (d.c.1384) about 1370 to record the history of Scotland, which had been virtually destroyed by the removal or destruction of many national documents by King Edward III. Fordun’s five books ended with the death of King David I in 1153, but he left notes and other materials later utilised by Walter Bower for a further eleven books, which brought the record up to 1437. The whole history thus compiled became known as the Scotichronicon. The passages pertaining to Wallace were therefore written by Bower, but using materials gathered by Fordun.
4. Walter Bower, Scotichronicon, XI, p.83 (1991)
5. D.J. Gray, William Wallace, the King’s Enemy (1991), p.27, following J. Fergusson, William Wallace, Guardian of Scotland (1938), p.6
6. Blind Harry, Book XI, Il. 1425–28
7. The Marquess of Bute, The Early Life of William Wallace (1876)
8. DNB, 1883
9. A.F. Murison, Famous Scots: Sir William Wallace (1898), p.153
10. Scotichronicon, XI, p.83
11. Bute, ibid.
12. John of Fordun, Chronicle, LXVII
13. R.L. Graeme Ritchie, The Normans in Scotland (1954)
14. Historical Documents, vol. 3, pp.105–29
15. Foedera, II, pp.487–91
16. Cal. Pat. Rolls, 1291–92, p.192
17. Ibid., p.328; Cal. Doc. Scot., 1,107
2. Early Manhood
1. P.F. Tytler, History of Scotland, quoting Sir Walter Scott’s Waverley Annals
2. Fergusson, pp.10–11
3. Thomas Rymer, Foedera (1745), II, p.589
4. Blind Harry, Book I, 11. 320–25
5. Wallace Papers
6. Blind Harry, Book I, 11. 339–40
7. Blind Harry, Book IV, 1.341
8. Lord Hailes, Annals, vol. I (1776), p.299
3. Toom Tabard
1. Blind Harry, Book I, Il. 132–33
2. See, for example, the interpolation in Tales of Sir William Wallace ‘freely adapted by Tom Scott’, p.11
3. Wallace Papers
4. Geoffrey Barrow, Robert Bruce, pp.107–9
5. Scotichronicon, XI, 83
6. Scalacronica, p.17
4. From Outlaw to Guerrilla
1. Blind Harry, Book I, II. 191–200
2. Murison, p.52
3. Andrew Fisher, William Wallace (1986), p.9
4. Joseph Bain, Cal. Docs. Scot. II, p.191
5. Murison, p.58
6. Barrow, The Kingdom of the Scots, Chapter 12
7. Blind Harry, Book III, 11. 80–90
8. Blind Harry, Book IV, 11. 65–70
9. Fergusson, p.35
10. Blind Harry, Book IV, II. 380–83
11. Montrose charters
12. Blind Harry, Book V, 11. 600–9
13. Murison, p.54
14. Charles Rogers, The Book of Wallace (1879), vol. II
5. From Guerrilla to Commander
1. Blind Harry, Book VI, 11. 45–49
2. Murison, p.74
3. Rymer, Foedera, II, p.471
4. Scotichronicon, II, 484; George Eyre-Todd, The Book of Glasgow Cathedral, p.182
5. See, for example, D.J. Gray, William Wallace, the King’s Enemy (1991), p.68; for a more fanciful account see Nigel Tranter’s novel The Wallace
6. Stevenson, Docs. Illus. Hist. Scotland, vol. II, p.228
7. Evan Barron, The Scottish War of Independence (1934), p.34; Barron takes the unusual line that Moray, rather than Wallace, was the main leader of the independence struggle
8. Cal. Doc. Scot., vol. II, p.742
9. Hemingburgh, II, p.297
10. Ibid., p.127
11. Hist. Doc. Scotland, vol. II, pp.183–84
12. Scalacronica
13. Hemingburgh
14. J.R. Lumby, Chronicon Henrici Knighton (1895), vol. I
15. Blind Harry, Book VII, 11.545–52
16. Murison, p.81
17. Blind Harry, Book VII, 11.879–83
18. Barron, p.60
6. Stirling Bridge
1. Harleian MS
2. Wallace Papers, pp.34–48
3. Fergusson, pp.54–55
4. Ibid., p.57
5. Hemingburgh
6. Rishanger, p.180
7. The Invasion of England
1. Tytler, vol. I, pp.141–42
2. Fergusson, pp.80–81. This letter was first published by Dr Lappenberg of Hamburg in 1829
3. Cal. Hist. Docs. of Scotland, vol. II, p.260
4. Hemingburgh
5. Hailes, vol. I, p.398; Wallace Papers, p.53
6. Printed as an appendix in Jamieson’s edition of Blind Harry, The Wallace
8. Guardian of Scotland
1. McNair-Scott, p.241
2. Wallace Papers, No.XVI, p.161. A facsimile appears in Anderson’s Diplomata Scotiae
3. Scotichronicon, XI, cap. 31; Wallace Papers, p.110
4. Cal. Hist. Docs., vol. II, pp.247
5. Palgrave, vol. I, pp.331–32
6. Rymer, Foedera
7. Sir Robert Sibbald (ed.), Relationes Arnaldi Blair (1758)
8. Bain, p.987
9. Falkirk
1. Wallace Papers, p.37
2. British Library, Harleian MS, p.37; Hemingburgh, p.61
3. Wallace Papers, p.19
4. Fergusson, p.136. His argument is more fully set out in an Appendix, pp.221–26
5. Wallace Papers, p.10
6. Other variants include:
Lo, I have brought you to the ring: revel (dance) the best that you know (Matthew of Westminster)
I have put you into a game; hop if ye can (Wallace Papers, p.10)
I haif brocht you to the ring, hap gif ye cun (Hailes, Annals, I, p.315)
To the ring are ye brought, hop now if ye will (Robert de Brunne)
It was said long after that William Wallace had brought them to the revel
if they would have danced (Scalacronica)
7. Blind Harry, Book X, 11.90–210
8. Bain, 1007, 1011
9. Wallace Papers, pp.10–11
10. Hemingburgh, De Brunne, Wallace Papers, pp.146, 148
10. Diplomatic Manoeuvres
1. Bain, 998, 1008, 1017, 1023
2. Murison, p.117
3. Rymer, Foedera
4. Scalacronica
5. Scots Peerage, vol. II, p.218
6. Ronald McNair-Scott, Robert Bruce, King of Scots (1982), p.241
7. Bain, 1301; Barron, pp.132–34
8. Sir Francis Palgrave (ed.), Documents and Records Illustrating the History of Scotland, vol. I (1837), p.333
9. Bain, 1081
10. Ibid., 1949
11. Wallace Papers, p.11
12. Rymer, Foedera, vol. II, p.176
13. Wallace Papers, p. 11
14. Ibid., p.163. A facsimile appears in Rogers
15. National Manuscripts, Part I, lxxv, p.42
16. Blind Harry, Book IX, Il.427–520; X, 11.797–960; XI, 11. 1–360
17. Tytler, vol. I, p.176
11. The Comyn Wars
1. Murison, p.125
2. Transcript in Murison, p.126
3. Scotichronicon, XII, p.299
4. Wallace Papers, p.167
5. Ibid., xviii
6. Bain, 1463
7. Wallace Papers, pp.179–80
12. Betrayal and Death
1. F.W. Maitland (ed.), Memoranda de Parliamento, 1305 (Rolls Series, 1893)
2. Murison, pp.139–40
3. Ibid., p. 140
4. Bain, 1689
5. Cal. Docs. Scotland, vol. IV, p.477
6. Fergusson, p.194; Gray, p.138
7. Barron, p.172
8. Wallace Papers, p.169
9. Ibid., p.147
10. Fergusson, p.211
11. T.Wright, Political Songs of England, p.218
12. William Stubbs, Chronicles of the Reigns of Edward I and II, vol. I (1882), p.139
13. Wallace Papers, Arundel MS, pp.189–93
14. For a graphic description of this revolting punishment, still theoretically valid at the end of the eighteenth century, see Charles Dickens, A Tale of Two Cities, Book II, Chapter II
15. Hist., Docs. Scotland, vol. II, p.485