CHAPTER 1: The Week It Began
3 with serenity. French translations, unless otherwise indicated, are by the author.
4 “unusually mellow, almost avuncular” The New York Times, January 1, 1968.
4 “Nguyen who hates the French.” A. J. Langguth, Our Vietnam: The War 1954–1975 (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2000), 35.
5 “succeed in provoking a crisis.” Paris Match, January 6, 1968.
6 “the higher our sales go.” The New York Times, January 8, 1968.
8 “rescue our wounded officers.” Ibid., March 2, 1968.
8 the night he was arrested. Ibid., January 5, 1968.
10 Gore called “undemocratic.” Ibid.
11 disagreements on tactics and language. David Dellinger, From Yale to Jail: The Life Story of a Moral Dissenter (New York: Pantheon Books, 1993), 194–199.
11 April march on Washington. Maurice Isserman and Michael Kazin, America Divided: The Civil War of the 1960s (New York: Oxford University Press, 2000), 170.
13 in the movement when he was twelve. The New York Times, January 5, 1968.
14 “potential problems around the world.” The New York Times, January 1, 1968.
14 Hoffman later explained to federal investigators. Jules Witcover, The Year the Dream Died: Revisiting 1968 in America (New York: Warner Books, 1997), 43, quoting from the Report of the National Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence, 1968.
17 “catastrophe upon all the people of the region.” The New York Times, January 1, 1968.
17 Arabs who were removed from the Old City. Ibid., January 12, 1968.
18 At least twenty-six such groups were operating before the 1967 war. Michael B. Oren, Six Days of War: June 1967 and the Making of the Modern Middle East (New York: Oxford University Press, 2002), 29.
18 the PLO under al-Shuqayri, Paris Match, January 6, 1968.
18 returned to Lebanon. Oren, Six Days of War, 1.
19 an official poet was old-fashioned. The New York Times, January 2, 1968.
19 “ ‘I’ll be your Baby Tonight.’ ” Time, February 9, 1968.
19 “apparently felt he should return one.” The New York Times, January 11, 1968.
20 doctors now making godlike decisions? Life, April 5, 1968.
20 “I would pick the latter.” Paris Match, January 20, 1968.
22 blamed the United States for the Vietnam War, Bratislava Pravda, April 12, 1967, quoted in William Shawcross, Dubcek (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1990), 94.
23 Novotny´ was outmaneuvered again. Shawcross, Dubcek, 112.
23 “but also in progressive culture and art.” The New York Times, January 2, 1968.
23 “Eto vashe delo” Shawcroft, Dubcek, 111.
24 1,438 enemy soldiers. The New York Times, January 5, 1968.
CHAPTER 2: He Who Argues With a Mosquito Net
25 “who happened to immigrate to Chicago,” Alexander Dubcek, Hope Dies Last: The Autobiography of Alexander Dubcek (New York: Kodansha International, 1993), 1.
26 “only free country in the world is the Soviet Union.” Shawcross, Dubcek, 10.
27 Czech stereotypes of Slovaks. Tomás Garrigue Masaryk, The Making of a State (London: Allen & Unwin, 1927), 21.
27 Czecho-Slovak and not Czechoslovakia, Shawcross, Dubcek, 12.
28 raw sparrow eggs in the shell. Dubcek, Hope Dies Last, 18–19.
28 anything to do with politics. Zdenek Mlynár, Nightfrost in Prague: The End of Humane Socialism (New York: Karz Publishing, 1980), 65.
28 “love at first sight.” Dubcek, Hope Dies Last, 35.
29 porcelain for his wife. Mlynár, Nightfrost in Prague, 66.
29 “narrow-minded bourgeoisie of Bystrica.” Shawcross, Dubcek, 50.
30 “depressing for me.” Dubcek, Hope Dies Last, 82.
30 long walks in the forest. Ibid., 83.
30 “victims of the 1950s repressions.” Ibid., 82.
31 meeting of the Slovak Central Committee. Shawcross, Dubcek, 76.
34 “real conditions in the Soviet Union.” Mlynár, Nightfrost in Prague, 2.
34 a habit of listening to others. Ibid., 122.
CHAPTER 3: A Dread Unfurling of the Bushy Eyebrow
39 adopted nonviolent law enforcement. David J. Garrow, Bearing the Cross: Martin Luther King, Jr., and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (New York: William Morrow & Company, 1986), 209.
39 “and stay in the news.” Gene Roberts, interviewed September 2002.
39 “Your role is to photograph what is happening to us.” Flip Schulke, Witness to Our Times: My Life as a Photojournalist (Chicago: Cricket Books, 2003), xvi. Also witnessed by Gene Roberts, interviewed September 2002.
Sheriff Clark swinging his billy club at a helpless woman. Garrow, Bearing the Cross, 381.
40 “the pen is still mightier than the sword.” Mary King, Freedom Song: A Personal Story of the 1960s Civil Rights Movement (New York: William Morrow, 1987), 248.
40 “seems to me somebody foreign to me.” Garrow, Bearing the Cross, 289.
40 King statement should be no more than sixty seconds. David Halberstam, The Children (New York: Fawcett Books, 1999), 433.
40 create fundamental changes—a slow, off-camera process. Mary King, Freedom Song, 480.
41 “you couldn’t shoot two hours.” Daniel Schorr, interviewed April 2001.
41 “attention by doing that.” Ibid.
41 “I’m afraid I did.” Daniel Schorr, Staying Tuned: A Life in Journalism (New York: Pocket Books, 2001), 205.
42 enough time to formulate his response. Ibid., 157.
42 “a lot of crap! But it was live.” Daniel Schorr, interviewed April 2001.
42 and playing it that night. Ibid.
43 “tides of rage must be loose in America?” Norman Mailer, Miami and the Siege of Chicago: An Informal History of the Republican and Democratic Conventions of 1968 (New York: World Publishing Company, 1968), 51.
43 potential supporters of the antiwar cause. Dellinger, From Yale to Jail, 260–62.
44“white people and their attitude.” Garrow, Bearing the Cross, 573.
44 “could really sink us next fall.” Time magazine, January 26, 1968.
44 and economist Milton Friedman. The New York Times, January 12, 1968.
45 Tet as the next chance for peace. Ibid., January 2, 1968.
46 “self-determination in Southeast Asia.” Ibid., January 13, 1968.
47 McCarthy by a margin of 5 to 1. Ibid., January 15, 1968.
48 Time magazine version, Time magazine, January 26, 1968.
49 “what people really feel.” United Press International, January 19, 1968, ran in The New York Times, January 20, 1968.
50 IR8 rice story. Gene Roberts, interviewed September 2002.
51 film could be quickly shipped. Don Oberdorfer, Tet!: The Turning Point in the Vietnam War (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001), 5.
52 killed in an American bombing, Ibid., 42–44.
52 to win a public relations victory. The New York Times, February 1, 1968.
52 more than ten million homes. Oberdorfer, Tet!, 240.
52 “could be incomplete.” The New York Times, February 5, 1968.
53 “stupid,” false,” and “unspeakable.” Ibid., June 20, 1968.
53 “the good offices of the mass media.” Life magazine, July 7, 1968.
54 brought the young man back to life. The New York Times, March 12, 1968.
56 “the blind, and the female.” Ibid., February 17, 1968.
56 weekly casualties, with 543 American soldiers killed. The New York Times, February 23, 1968.
57 surprise on Christmas Eve 1944. Oberdorfer, Tet!, 71.
57 “thousands of people around the country.” Ibid., 247.
58 heads never trusted a word from the generals. Conversation with David Halberstam, May 2003.
59 it seemed to Cronkite and Salant, Walter Cronkite, interviewed June 2002.
60 Viet Cong attack. The New York Times, February 12, 1968.
60 another forty-five wounded. Ibid., February 16, 1968.
63 “and for CBS to permit me to do.” Walter Cronkite, interviewed June 2002.
CHAPTER 4: To Breathe in a Polish Ear
66 “a very large, unlimited ego.” Marian Turski, interviewed July 1992.
67 he was meeting with Gomułka and other leaders. Dariusz Stola, historian at Istitut Studiów Politycznych, interviewed June 2001.
70 “but there was no other.” Jacek Kuroń, interviewed June 2001.
70 “noble human beings I have met in my life.” Jan Nowak, interviewed May 2002.
71 “He was boyish . . .” Ibid.
72 “anti-Semites call me a Jew,” Adam Michnik, interviewed June 2001.
75 “nude and full, as it were, face.” The New York Times, April 30, 1968.
75 from the bathtub in Brook’s production. Paris Match, June 29, 1968.
76 “Really stirring,” Michnik, interviewed May 2002.
76 “to attack Mickiewicz.” Ibid.
76 “We decided to lay flowers” Ibid.
76 “against students in Poland,” Ibid.
77 “an extremely dangerous man.” Ibid.
CHAPTER 5: On the Gears of an Odious Machine
82 “where most of the seniors are headed.” The New York Times, March 19, 1968.
83 “It suddenly occurred to me.” Cronkite, interviewed June 2002.
84 Seeger had turned into a civil rights song when sit-ins began in 1960. King, Freedom Song, 95–96.
84 at the counter until they were served. Register, North Carolina A&T, February 5, 1960.
85 “Tennessee and involved fifteen cities.” The New York Times, February 15, 1960.
85 “civil rights organizations completely by surprise,” King, Freedom Song, 69.
85 “identification with their courage and conviction deepened.” Tom Hayden, Reunion: A Memoir (New York: Collier, 1988), 32.
87 completely unaware of it. Tom Hayden, conversation May 2003.
87 “the South was beckoning,” Hayden, Reunion, 47.
87 “beating to beating, jail to jail,” Ibid., 73.
88 in green suitcases to the Naked . . . Allen Ginsberg, “Kral Majales,” Planet News: 1961–1967 (San Francisco: City Lights Books, 1968), 89–91.
88 “compelled to enforce federal law.” Isserman and Kazin, America Divided, 34.
88 from a bus here Saturday morning. Montgomery Advertiser, May 21, 1961.
88 Parchman Penitentiary. King, Freedom Song, 70.
89 with twenty thousand people arrested. Todd Gitlin, The Sixties: Years of Hope, Days of Rage (New York: Bantam Books, 1987), 129.
89 North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia, King, Freedom Song, 407.
91 “(I had no idea what that was anyway)?” Mario Savio, “Thirty Years Later: Reflections on the FSM,” 65. In Robert Chen and Reginald E. Zelnik, eds., The Free Speech Movement: Reflections on Berkeley in the 1960s (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002).
95 their own California party. King, Freedom Song, 490–91.
95 wearing only bathing suits. Jonah Raskin, For the Hell of It: The Life and Times of Abbie Hoffman (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998), 64–65.
96 more than 20 percent white, King, Freedom Song, 502.
97 “might feel bad if you didn’t share it.” Ibid., 406.
97 “bread by some dark skinned sharpie.” Raskin, For the Hell of It, 77.
98 “wrapped around induction centers,” Ibid., 96.
98 “sweep-in” was “a goof.” Ibid., 102.
99 to say it stood for Youth International Party. Ibid., 129.
99 SDS was more than half Jewish. Paul Berman, A Tale of Two Utopias: The Political Journey of the Generation of 1968 (New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1997), 44.
102 “what a reporter could do to a president, do you?” Langguth, Our Vietnam, 49.
102 “an epidemic around the world.” Walter Cronkite, interviewed June 2002.
CHAPTER 6: Heroes
103 had labeled “a conundrum.” Life, February 9, 1968.
105 “America was falling apart at the seams.” Raskin, For the Hell of It, 137.
105 “should activate the politician within him.” The Times (London), March 14, 1968.
105 primary inducement. The New York Times, April 1, 1968.
106 said British economist John Vaizey. Time, March 22, 1968.
106 The houses were all burned. Neil Sheehan, A Bright Shining Lie: John Paul Vann and America in Vietnam (New York: Random House, 1988), 689.
108 become a student activist. Hayden, Reunion, 76.
108 “myth is the definitive revolution.” Raskin, For the Hell of It, 129.
108 “the most important philosopher alive.” The New York Times, October 27, 1968.
109 Marx, Mao, and Marcuse. Time, March 22, 1968.
109 to mention “the philosophers of destruction.” Elena Poniatowska, La Noche de Tlatelolco (Mexico City: Biblioteca Era, 1993), 38. This and other translations from Spanish, unless otherwise indicated, are by the author.
110 “the outstanding characteristic of our generation.” David J. Garrow, Bearing the Cross: Martin Luther King, Jr., and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (New York: William Morrow & Co., 1986), 54.
111 by a ratio of eight to seven did. The New York Times, July 3, 1968.
111 who was willing to use them. Hugh Pearson, The Shadow of a Panther (New York: Addison-Wesley, 1994), 149–50.
112 “shoot to maim” any looters. Time, April 26, 1968.
112 “Huey had the good sense to defend himself.” Pearson, The Shadow of a Panther, 149.
113 “find any other in the place.” The New York Times, July 24, 1968.
114 “de Lawd” Dellinger, From Yale to Jail, 263.
114 they had gone off to different schools. Garrow, Bearing the Cross, 33.
114 “intellectual jive.” Ibid., 45.
114 more mature than he was. Ibid., 53.
114 “give them leadership.” Ibid., 84.
115 “Fucking’s a form of anxiety reduction.” Ibid., 375.
115 said political activist Michael Harrington. Ibid.
115 only solution was for him to take his own life. David J. Garrow, The FBI and Martin Luther King, Jr.: From “Solo” to Memphis (New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1981), 125–26.
115 “but I’m afraid it will fall on deaf ears.” Garrow, Bearing the Cross, 557.
115 “Maybe it will heed the voice of violence.” Ibid., 612.
116 “end this nonviolence bullshit.” Isserman and Kazin, America Divided, 227.
CHAPTER 7: A Polish Categorical Imperative
119 “one of the boys. Just like Dad.” Konstanty Gebert, interviewed July 1992.
120 shouted, “Long live the workers of Poznan,” The New York Times, March 17, 1968.
121 “children of the elite.” Jacek Kuroń, interviewed June 2001.
121 “We didn’t understand each other.” Eugeniusz Smolar, interviewed June 2001.
121 “a kind of excitement.” Joanne Szczesna, interviewed June 2001.
123 “violence was another surprise.” Nina Smolar, interviewed June 2001.
125 a Jew and a political adversary of Moczar. The New York Times, March 19, 1968.
128 “wait for this capital to bear fruit.” Trybuna Ludu, March 26, 1968.
CHAPTER 8: Poetry, Politics, and a Tough Second Act
129 with new arrivals and he had to read it again. Life, September 6, 1968.
131 Louis got him to remove the lines. Michael Schumacher, Dharma Lion: A Critical Biography of Allen Ginsberg (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1992).
131 safely back in the East Village. Ibid., xiv–xv.
132 each Ginsberg had his cheerers. The New York Times, January 18, 1968.
132 “I’m a stringer of words.” Life, February 9, 1968.
132 “an amplified poet in black leather pants.” Ibid., April 12, 1968.
133 “Wallace Stevens. That’s poetry.” The New York Times Magazine, October 13, 1968.
133 would have walked out of the room. Schumacher, Dharma Lion, 489.
134 “no importance here in Russia to us.” Ibid., 434.
134 “a big man on campus.” Life, October 18, 1968.
135 “So do we.” The New York Times, August 31, 1968.
135 “Robert Lowell is traveling with the candidate.” Life, April 12, 1968.
135 Lowenstein’s first choice, one last time. Witcover, The Year the Dream Died, 149.
135 peasant uprising in 1381. Life, February 9, 1968.
137 if tongue was the organ to be manifested. Mailer, Miami and the Siege of Chicago, 119.
137 “That’s kind of Greek, isn’t it?” Life, April 12, 1968.
137 had gotten him the job. Evan Thomas, Robert Kennedy: His Life and Times (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2000), 65.
138 “A paratrooper.” Ibid., 19.
139 such as Robert Lowell, Ibid., 304.
139 “Viva all of you.” Time, March 22, 1968.
139 “Run for the bus.” Life, June 21, 1968.
140 Hayden cited for its similarity to the Port Huron Statement: Hayden, Reunion, 264.
CHAPTER 9: Sons and Daughters of the New Fatherland
145 two more rounds of appeals. Time, February 2, 1968.
145 “that is the worst.” Paris Match, March 16, 1968.
145 ruling out retirement or resignation. The New York Times, February 28, 1968.
145 “every paper I signed.” Ibid., March 2, 1968.
146 knowing anything about killing Jews. Ibid., July 5, 1968.
147 “a relationship to the past.” Barbara Heimannsberg and Christoph J. Schmidt, eds., The Collective Silence: German Identity and the Legacy of Shame (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers, 1993), 67.
147 West Germans were crossing to East Germany every year. The New York Times, March 21, 1968.
148 For the last two hundred years. Mammon. Tariq Ali and Susan Watkins, 1968: Marching in the Streets (New York: Free Press, 1998), 32.
150 “was new to me and the other French.” Alain Krivine, interviewed June 2002.
150 chairman for 1968, to speak to students in France. Ronald Fraser, ed., 1968: A Student Generation in Revolt (New York: Pantheon Books, 1988), 180.
153 “the biggest anti-American rally ever staged in the city.” The New York Times, February 19, 1968.
153 Tariq Ali did not believe this was possible. Fraser, 1968, 186.
155 boycott his papers. The New York Times, April 13, 1968.
156 they opposed the student violence. Peter Demetz, After the Fires: Recent Writing in the Germanies, Austria and Switzerland (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1986), 63–64.
156 students were outspokenly opposed to the violence. Time, April 26, 1986.
157 “at the age of twenty will never make a good social democrat.” Paris Match, April 27, 1968.
CHAPTER 10: Wagnerian Overtones of a Hip and Bearded Revolution
158 “Then the war will end.” Mark Rudd, interviewed April 2002.
160 “well born, well-to-do daredevil of 29.” Van Gosse, Where the Boys Are: Cuba, Cold War America and the Making of a New Left (London: Verso, 1993), 68.
161 SLATE, which was the beginning of activism on that campus. Ibid., 90.
162 to charm her into staying. Hugh Thomas, Cuba: The Pursuit of Freedom (New York: Harper & Row, 1971) 1,202–03.
162 “on the direct line of the French Revolution of 1789.” Herbert L. Matthews, The Cuban Story (New York: George Braziller, 1961), 89.
163 lost a great deal of support in the first six months of 1959. Gosse, Where the Boys Are, 114.
164 “the foreign menace felt in anguish.” Thomas, Cuba, 1,269.
165 “muscle against a very small country.” Gosse, Where the Boys Are, 205.
165 “wasn’t as good as 250,000 Cubans.” Douglas Brinkley, Dean Acheson: The Cold War Years 1953–1971 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1992).
166 “without understanding its music.” The New York Times, April 22, 1961.
168 who were in Cuban prisons in the mid-1960s. Tad Szulc, Fidel: A Critical Portrait (New York: William Morrow & Co., 1986), 54.
169 his lack of political commitment. Gosse, Where the Boys Are, 185.
170 the FBI, remained skeptical. Michael Schumacher, Dharma Lion, 419–20.
170 “to the revolution.” Ibid., 422.
171 labeled in May 1966 by student radicals at Qinghua University. J. A. G. Roberts, A Concise History of China (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1999), 279.
171 and the students from bourgeois backgrounds. Ibid., 280.
171 signs of food shortages, The New York Times, March 5, 1968.
172 shown much progress since. Ibid., August 25, 1968.
172 capable of hitting Los Angeles and Seattle, The New York Times Magazine, July 14, 1968.
172 resign from government and move on to another revolution. Szulc, Fidel, 597–98.
173 950 bars were to be closed. The New York Times, March 14, 1968.
173 The crowd shouted and applauded its approval. Szulc, Fidel, 609.
173 the year of the “new man.” Thomas, Cuba, 1,446.
174 Federal Aviation Administration’s recommendation. Time, March 22, 1968.
175 “tougher than trying to stop them.” The New York Times, July 21, 1968.
175 “to fight communism in this manner.” Ibid., December 14, 1968.
175 “in apologies; it wasn’t going to happen to me.” Gitlin, The Sixties, 274.
176 Havana-bound flights to record the Mexicans on board. Some of these lists of Cubans and American Havana-bound passengers can be found in newly released Mexican government archives in Lecumberri.
176 “likes and trusts its government.” Ali, 1968, 24.
177 “both mobilized and relaxed.” Gitlin, The Sixties, 275.
CHAPTER 11: April Motherfuckers
178 “slightly irrelevant in his presence.” Hayden, Reunion, 275.
179 “changing clothes or engaging in sterile debate.” Ibid.
181 The Bride Got Farblundjet, Bill Graham and Robert Greenfield, Bill Graham Presents: My Life Inside Rock and Out (New York: Doubleday, 1992), 227.
181 70 percent of the professional concert activities, The New York Times, January 15, 1968.
181 These trends continued in 1968. Gitlin, The Sixties, 120.
181 transmits sound waves into nerve impulses. The New York Times, August 20, 1968.
182 “age of instant communication.” Life, June 28, 1968.
182 “music today,” said Townshend. Ibid., June 2, 1968.
182 “drummer who can really keep time.” Time, August 30, 1968.
183 “have a good time.” Ibid., August 9, 1968.
184 “The Know-Nothing Bohemians.” Partisan Review (spring 1958).
184 “Beautify America, Get a Haircut.” Life, May 31, 1968.
185 “Nobody wants a hippie for President,” The New York Times, March 16, 1968.
186 “everything except how to be a man.” Ibid., October 22, 1968.
186 double between 1968 and 1985. Ibid., April 7, 1968.
187 “provides the image for the kids.” Ibid., January 11, 1968.
187 interrogate someone while under the influence of LSD. Isserman and Kazan, America Divided, 156. Also see Martin A. Lee and Bruce Shlain, Acid Dreams: The Complete Social History of LSD: The C.I.A., the Sixties and Beyond (New York: Grove Weidenfeld, 1992).
187 Nasser and Cuba’s Fidel Castro, Lee and Shlain, Acid Dreams, 35.
188 “found God and discovered the secret of the Universe.” Timothy Leary, Flashbacks: An Autobiography (Los Angeles: Tarcher, 1983), 159.
188 chromosome damage. Ibid., 154.
188 an acid-doused sugar cube. Charles Kaiser, 1968 in America: Music, Politics, Chaos, Counterculture, and the Shaping of a Generation (New York: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1988), 206.
188 “Beethoven coming to the supermarket.” Raskin, For the Hell of It, 110.
189 “an erotic politician.” David Allyn, Make Love, Not War—The Sexual Revolution: An Unfettered History (Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 2000), 131.
189 “That’s what you came for, isn’t it.” Ibid. Quoted from James Riordan and Jerry Prochinicky, Break on Through: The Life and Death of Jim Morrison (New York: William Morrow & Co., 1991), 186.
189 “it’s supposed to make you fuck.” Isserman and Kazin, America Divided, 161. Quoted from Godfrey Hodgson, America in Our Time (New York: Random House, 1976), 341.
190 “the Golden Age of fucking,” Raskin, For the Hell of It, 83.
190 Anne Bancroft and Dustin Hoffman in bed together. The New York Times, January 9, 1968.
191 “shook their heads in amusement.” Ibid., February 18, 1968.
191 “public interest in sex on the college campus is insatiable.” Life, May 30, 1968.
192 “150 years of American civilization.” Ed Sanders, Shards of God: A Novel of the Yippies (New York: Grove Press, 1970), introduction.
198 “the correct grammatical ‘whom.’ ” Gitlin, The Sixties, 307.
201 with rice and beans. Tom Hayden, correspondence with author, June 2003.
201 “the torment of their campus generation.” Tom Hayden, Rebel: A Personal History of the 1960s (Los Angeles: Red Hen Press, 2003), 253.
201 “turning point of history?” Hayden, Reunion, 275.
202 underground high school newspapers. Diane Divoky, Saturday Review, February 15, 1969.
203 with its own steering committee, The New York Times, April 27, 1968.
203 “no such justification.” Ibid., April 26, 1968.
204 to be abandoned by the end of April. Life, April 19, 1968.
207 lay about the grass unattended. The Nation, June 10, 1968.
207 “that have long festered on campus.” Time, May 3, 1968.
208 “My son, the revolutionary.” Ibid., May 31, 1968.
208 president had been forced out by the students. Ibid., August 30, 1968.
208 “ ‘Create two, three, many Columbias’ ” Ramparts, June 15, 1968.
CHAPTER 12: Monsieur, We Think You Are Rotten
209 “I shall die sometime.” Life, January 19, 1968.
210 “France is bored.” Le Monde, March 15, 1968.
210 “British their financial and economic crisis.” Paris Match, March 23, 1968.
211 American companies, with $14 billion. Jean-Jacques Servan-Schreiber, The American Challenge (New York: Atheneum, 1968), 3.
211 “for it defines our future.” Ibid., 32.
212 “Che Guevara poster on his wall.” Life, May 17, 1968.
214 “to shut myself up with grief.” Anthony Hartley, Gaullism: The Rise and Fall of a Political Movement (New York: Outbridge & Dienstfrey, 1971), 155.
214 erecting makeshift barricades. Hervé Hamon and Patrick Rotman, Génération, vol. 1: Les Années de rêve (Paris: Éditions du Seuil, 1987), 43–44.
215 “it was not over.” Alain Geismar, interviewed June 2002.
216 “the consumer society that eats itself.” J. R. Tournoux, Le Mois de Mai du général (Paris: Librairie Plon, 1969), 23.
216 did not begin broadcasting until 1957. Gérard Filoche, 68–98 Histoire sans fin (Paris: Flammarion, 1998), 10.
216 “He understands the medium better than anyone else.” Life, May 17, 1968.
217 was again observed. Tournoux, Le Mois de Mai du général, 14.
217 rendered incapable of thinking. Dark Star, ed., Beneath the Paving Stones: Situationists and the Beach, May 1968 (Edinburgh: Ak Press, 2001), 9–10.
217 half as many degrees Tournoux, Le Mois de Mai du général, 48–51, 87.
218 “who had grown too old.” Alain Geismar, interviewed June 2002.
219 “worthy of Hitler’s youth minister.” Harmon and Rotman, Génération, vol. 1, 401.
219 in the old German style of obedience. André Harris and Alain Sédouy, Juif & Français (Paris: Éditions Grasset & Fasquelle, 1979), 189–91.
221 “would have been it.” Daniel Cohn-Bendit, interviewed March 2002.
222 “ ‘we think you are rotten.’ ” Andrew Feenberg and Jim Freedman, When Poetry Ruled the Streets: The French May Events of 1968 (Albany: State University of New York Press, 2001), 8.
222 the CRS, to Paris. Tournoux, Le Mois de Mai du général, 25.
223 “who are waiting for the government to protect them.” Ibid., 30.
223 Georges Marchais wrote. L’Humanité, May 3, 1968.
224 “right moment and the right place.” Daniel Cohn-Bendit, interviewed March 2003.
224 “pictures of each other on television.” Ibid.
225 “I would say ‘I don’t know.’” Ibid.
226 “no planning.” François Cerutti, interviewed June 2002.
226 He was a bureaucrat, not a policeman. Maurice Grimaud, En Mai fais ce qu’il te plaît (Paris: Éditions Stock, 1977), 21.
226 “astonished the police officials.” Ibid., 18.
226 “. . . covered with blood.” Le Monde, May 12–13, 1968.
226 “The way it did with the Black Panthers.” Daniel Cohn-Bendit, interviewed March 2003.
227 flyers had been intended as a joke, Tournoux, Le Mois de Mai du général, 33–34.
227 “Everyone was talking.” Eleanor Bakhtadze, interviewed June 2002.
227 “freedom of today began in ’68.” Radith Gersmar, interviewed June 2002.
229 The Jewish Museum’s show, The New York Times, December 15, 1968.
229 “I was the media’s darling.” Daniel Cohn-Bendit, interviewed March 2003.
230 “more importance than it deserves.” Tournoux, Le Mois de Mai du général, 94–95.
232 “That’s just the way it is.” Ibid., 246.
233 “we are going to do today.” Harmon and Rotman, Génération, vol. 1, 458.
234 the entire city of Berkeley. The New York Times, July 1, 1968.
235 “do it again in ’68.” Alain Krivine, interviewed June 2002.
235 “I no longer had any hold over my own government.” Hartley, Gaullism, 288.
235 “a position to give everyone advice.” Le Monde, June 27, 1968.
236 readers to fool them! Daniel Cohn-Bendit, Le Gauchisme: Remède à la maladie sénile du communisme (Paris: Éditions du Seuil, 1968), 11.
236 “reconstruct myself.” Daniel Cohn-Bendit, interviewed March 2002.
237 are always going to the university. Harmon and Rotman, Génération, vol. 1, 420.
CHAPTER 13: The Place to Be
238 would not have been allowed to win. Harry Schwartz, Prague’s 200 Days: The Struggle for Democracy in Czechoslovakia (London: Pall Mall Press, 1969), 88.
239 “for my family’s needs and my taste.” Dubcek, Hope Dies Last, 151.
239 “solving important problems.” Schwartz, Prague’s 200 Days, 90.
239 thought were unacceptable responses. Time, March 22, 1968.
239 “too late, to put the breaks on?” Paris Match, March 23, 1968.
240 “custom of male kissing.” Dubcek, Hope Dies Last, 101.
240 “harm they are causing me?” MlynárNightfrost in Prague, 103.
241 they staged one that lasted for hours. Schwartz, Prague’s 200 Days, 120–22.
241 several innocent people was about to be revealed. Ibid., 123.
242 “and that is democracy on recall.” The New York Times, May 6, 1968.
243 I have no apartment, Schwartz, Prague’s 200 Days, 144.
244 they had been forewarned. The New York Times, May 11, 1987.
245 “both official hits of the time.” Berman, A Tale of Two Utopias, 230.
246 Brubeck “with a touch of bossa nova.” The New York Times, May 28, 1968.
246 Clive Barnes’s review. Ibid., May 6, 1968.
246 psychedelic rock band posters. Berman, A Tale of Two Utopias, 233.
247 5 percent said they wanted capitalism. Jaroslaw A. Piekalkiewicz, Public Opinion Polling in Czechoslovakia, 1968–69: Results and Analysis of Surveys Conducted During the Dubcek Era (New York: Praeger Publishers, 1972), 4.
247 7 percent said they were dissatisfied. Ibid., 34.
248 to argue against invasion. Jiri Valenta, Soviet Intervention in Czecho-slovakia 1968: Anatomy of a Decision (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1991), 66–70.
249 lists of people to be arrested. Schwartz, Prague’s 200 Days, 178.
250 although sometimes a bribe would help. The New York Times, May 5, 1968.
250 “the right place to be this summer.” Ibid., August 12, 1968.
CHAPTER 14: Places Not to Be
255 “political rights of Negroes.” Bernard Diedrerich and Al Burt, Papa Doc and the Tonton Macoutes (Port-au-Prince: Éditions Henri Deschamps, 1986; original McGraw-Hill, 1969), 383.
255 killed or captured by Haitian army troops. Ibid., 380.
255 sentenced to death. The New York Times, August 8, 1968.
255 more dangerous than Vietnam. The New York Times Magazine, May 5, 1968.
255 Nixon would make the same point, Life, November 22, 1968.
256 within five years. The New York Times, July 24, 1968.
256 should give it all back. Paris Match, March 30, 1968.
256 Originally, such raids by Palestinians, Oren, Six Days of War, 24.
257 lost all connection to the outside world. Life, July 12, 1968.
257 It was reported that the Nigerian force, The New York Times, May 27, 1968.
259 white ants for protein. Time, August 2, 1968.
259 a new one dug for the next day. The New York Times, August 1, 1968.
260 “other airlines will join in.” Ibid., August 14, 1968.
260 on the European market. Time, August 9, 1968.
260 “Negroes are massacred . . .” Life, July 12, 1968.
260 “some starving white people to feed.” The New York Times, September 30, 1968.
CHAPTER 15: The Craft of Dull Politics
261 John Updike said, Norman Mailer, Miami and the Siege of Chicago, 15.
261 “Yippie! was really in trouble.” Abbie Hoffman (“Free”), Revolution for the Hell of It (New York: Dial Press, 1968), 104.
261 not given to admiring, Hayden, Rebel, 244.
262 as a frightening bad omen. Thomas, Robert Kennedy: His Life and Times, 346.
262 expected it to be himself. Ibid., 276.
262 told historian Arthur Schlesinger, Arthur Schlesinger, Jr., Robert Kennedy and His Times (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1978), 895.
262 Romain Gary, Le Figaro, June 6, 1968.
265 “leaderless and impotent.” The New York Times, March 22, 1968.
266 “on that particular statement.” Ibid., May 22, 1968.
266 By June a petition drive, Ibid., June 2, 1968.
266 “giving aid and comfort to the enemy.” Reader’s Digest, April 1968.
267 “dullest convention anyone could remember.” Mailer, Miami and the Siege of Chicago, 15.
268 news of Martin Luther King’s assassination. The New York Times, October 6, 1968.
268 “cruel and unusual punishment.” Jack Gould, The New York Times, August 9, 1968.
CHAPTER 16: Phantom Fuzz Down by the Stockyards
270 $35 million had been spent. Mike Royko, Boss: Richard J. Daley of Chicago (New York: Plume, 1988; original 1971), 161.
270 written about in major newspapers. The New York Times, March 24, 1968.
273 local Chicago youth. John Schultz, No One Was Killed: Documentation and Meditation: Convention Week, Chicago—August 1968 (Chicago: Big Table Publishing Company, 1998; original 1969), 2.
274 “recent Berkeley and Paris incidents.” Raskin, For the Hell of It, 149.
274 Judge William Lynch, Daley’s former law partner, Royko, Boss, 179.
274 “an actor for TV.” Schultz, No One Was Killed, 49.
275 Food! Ham! Parks belong to pigs. Ibid., 53.
276 Sun-Times and Daily News . . . only scared the police. Royko, Boss, 179.
277 “the idealism of the young,” Schultz, No One Was Killed, 68.
278 “I can hardly wait,” he said. Carl Solberg, Hubert Humphrey: A Biography (New York: W. W. Norton, 1984), 356–57.
278 terrified of taking on a Kennedy as was Nixon. Ibid., 357–58.
278 backed off until their posted 11:00 curfew. Raskin, For the Hell of It, 159.
279 a McCarthy campaign sticker on it. Schultz, No One Was Killed, 116.
280 “See you at eleven o’clock, kid.” Ibid., 103.
281 “are basically sound,” Solberg, Hubert Humphrey, 356.
282 stuffing them into paddy wagons. Schultz, No One Was killed, 171–76.
282 Mailer reported. Mailer, Miami and the Siege of Chicago, 171.
283 to drive out hypocrisy. Schumacher, Dharma Lion, 516.
284 “That’s part of the Chicago style. . . .” Chicago Sun-Times, December 12, 1976.
284 Daley angrily insisted, The New York Times, August 30, 1968.
284 “I was busy receiving guests,” Solberg, Hubert Humphrey, 364.
284 “We are going to look into all this.” Ibid., 365.
285 “the advance guard of anarchy.” The New York Times, August 30, 1968.
285 “probably used too much restraint.” Ibid.
285 Is it any wonder police had to take action? Solberg, Hubert Humphrey, 370.
285 “Barnard girls” and “Columbia men.” Life, November 22, 1968.
286 “Nixon will be elected President.” Raskin, For the Hell of It, 170.
286 Vietnam had its worst week, The New York Times, August 30, 1968.
CHAPTER 17: The Sorrow of Prague East
287 Alexander Dubcek, August 1990, Valenta, Soviet Intervention in Czechoslovakia 1968, Dubcek’s introduction, x.
288 solidify in law the achievements of the Prague Spring. Dubcek, Hope Dies Last, 173–78.
288 Soviet military support. The New York Times, August 22, 1968.
288 “It is my personal tragedy.” Schwartz, Prague’s 200 Days, 217.
288 “So they did it after all—and to me!” Mlynár, Nightfrost in Prague, 146.
289 spread to his own country. Ibid., 155–56.
290 “such things to our leadership.” Valenta, Soviet Intervention in Czechoslovakia 1968, 173–75.
290 4,600 tanks and 165,000 soldiers of the Warsaw Pact, Kieran Williams, The Prague Spring and Its Aftermath: Czechoslovak Politics—1968–1970 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997), 112.
291 including small armored vehicles, fuel, The New York Times, September 1, 1968.
291 it had all been a misunderstanding. Dubcek, Hope Dies Last, 182.
292 manager had been a Soviet agent. Ibid., 183.
293 in gun barrels. Colin Chapman, August 21st: The Rape of Czechoslovakia (London: Cassell, 1968), 8.
294 five thousand American tourists. Schwartz, Prague’s 200 Days, 214.
294 broadcast . . . around the world. The New York Times, August 22, 1968.
295 Jack Gould wrote, Ibid., August 22 and 23, 1968.
296 shouted, “Get out!” Schwartz, Prague’s 200 Days, 220.
296 the leaflets scattered over the Czech lands turned out to be, Ibid., 220–21.
297 plotting to overthrow Poland. Williams, The Prague Spring and Its Aftermath, 139.
297 “progressives of the entire world.” The New York Times, September 28, 1968.
297 reports of gunfire exchanged, Ibid., September 1, 1968.
298 “by an elite of her children.” Ibid., August 25, 1968.
299 progress that was being made in U.S.-Soviet negotiations, Ibid., August 22, 1968.
299 other high-level Czech leaders. Schwartz, Prague’s 200 Days, 230.
299 “as they did in 1945.” Mlynár, Nightfrost in Prague, 197.
300 “Ah, Mr. President, but how beautiful it would be,” Ibid., 197.
300 slipping in a bathroom. Ibid., 277.
301 Miroslav Beránek was shot, Williams, The Prague Spring and Its Aftermath, 158.
301 “with whom you are dealing?” Mlynár, Nightfrost in Prague, 232.
302 refusing to negotiate without him. Schwartz, Prague’s 200 Days, 231.
303 “sacrifices of World War II.” Mlynár, Nightfrost in Prague, 237–41.
305 refugee status in other countries. Time, October 4, 1968.
CHAPTER 18: The Ghastly Strain of a Smile
307 “We also all felt, well, grown up;” Robin Morgan, Going Too Far: The Personal Chronicle of a Feminist (New York: Random House, 1977), 62–63.
308 because violence seemed unlikely. Todd Gitlin, The Whole World Is Watching: Mass Media in the Making and Unmaking of the New Left (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1980), 182.
308 Morgan had her regrets. Morgan, Going Too Far, 63.
308 Shana Alexander wrote in Life: Life, September 20, 1968.
309 “from Mayor Daley’s kiss.” Morgan, Going Too Far, 64–65.
309 a “Nixon for President” button. The New York Times, September 8, 1968.
309 “let’s stop trying to prove it over and over again.” Sara Evans, Personal Politics: The Roots of Women’s Liberation in the Civil Rights Movement & the New Left (New York: Vintage Books, 1980), 4.
310 asked Friedan to come speak. Davis, Moving the Mountain, 50, 52.
310 The average age of matrimony was twenty. Ibid., 17.
311 to make sure they were complying. Ibid., 18.
311 United States had more female stockholders than male. The New York Times, March 10, 1968.
311 to win a combat decoration. Ibid., January 1, 1969.
311 over the age of sixteen were working. Davis, Moving the Mountain, 59.
312 “A chicken in every pot, a whore in every home.” The New York Times Magazine, March 10, 1968.
312 rejected by every Congress since 1923. Ibid.
313 “That’s too manly, too . . . white.” Ibid.
313 I was difficult . . . if necessary. King, Freedom Song, 43.
314 “that streak was in him also.” Garrow, Bearing the Cross, 374–76, 617.
314 “You’ve got to fuck it to make it change.” Allyn, Make Love, Not War, 102.
314 attributed the problem largely to his own “ignorance” Correspondence with author, July 2003.
314 “as an issue!” Chen and Zelnik, The Free Speech Movement, 130.
315 more than one thousand arrests. Evans, Personal Politics, 73.
315 David Dellinger was shocked, Dellinger, From Yale to Jail, 299.
315 “non committal with his sidelong glance.” King, Freedom Song, 450.
315 was received as a joke. Ibid., 451–52.
316 not one responded. Ibid., 448–74.
316 almost all of them lawyers. The New York Times Magazine, March 10, 1968.
317 the first one in Berlin in January 1968. Demetz, After the Fires, 73.
318 “a bunch of cool cookies,” The New York Times Magazine, March 10, 1968.
318 would do the cleaning while the men meditated. Allyn, Make Love, Not War, 103.
319 “Maxis Are Monstrous” The New York Times, March 14, 1968.
319 would gain complete acceptance in the next five years. Time, April 19, 1968.
320 “now or never, and I’m very much afraid it’s now.” Life, October 18, 1968.
CHAPTER 19: In an Aztec Place
321 Octavio Paz, Posdata. All Spanish translations, unless otherwise indicated, are by the author.
321 “than their own even exist.” Elena Poniatowska, Massacre in Mexico (Columbia, Mo.: University of Missouri Press, 1975), introduction, x.
325 declined by several hundred thousand. T. R. Fehrenbach, Fire and Blood: A History of Mexico (New York: Macmillan, 1973), 524.
326 “Steady economic growth within” The New York Times, January 22, 1968.
326 “The economy of the country had made such progress” Octavio Paz, Posdata (Mexico City: Siglo XXI, 2002; original ed., 1970), 32.
328 anything other than sports. Life, March 15, 1968.
328 78 percent of disposable income in Mexico went to only the upper 10 percent. Ifigenia Martinez, interviewed October 2002.
329 “they saw it as revolutionary liberators.” Roberto Escudero, interviewed October 2002.
330 “We wore jeans and indigenous-style shirts.” Salvador Martínez de la Roca, interviewed October 2002.
332 “I think it was caused by inertia” Lorenzo Meyer, interviewed October 2002.
332 “French Communist Party and world bureaucracy.” Ministry of the Interior files stored in Lecumberri.
333 “and that was an accident.” Roberto Escudero, interviewed October 2002.
333 “coming to destabilized Mexico.” Roberto Rodríguez Baños, interviewed September 2002.
334 “The students were as free as you could be in this society.” Lorenzo Meyer, interviewed October 2002.
334 shave off his beard to enter. Schumacher, Dharma Lion, 507.
334 “to dress well or badly as he sees fit.” The New York Times, April 19, 1968.
335 the attack remains unknown. Ramón Ramírez, El Movimiento estudiantil de México (Julio/Diciembre de 1968) (Mexico City: Ediciones Era, 1998; original ed., 1969), 145–47; and Raúl Álvarez Garín, La Estela de Tlatelolco: Una Reconstrucción histórica del movimiento estundiantil del 68 (Mexico City: Editorial Ithaca, 1998), 30.
335 confirmed in documents released in 1999. The New York Times, June 29, 1999.
336 “their principle of only having public dialogue.” Roberto Escudero, interviewed October 2002.
336 The architecture student Jean-Claude Leveque, The New York Times, December 15, 1968.
337 including discontent over one-party rule. U.S. News & World Report, August 12, 1968.
339 thought to have been held in prison, The New York Times, September 21, 1968.
339 exchanges of gunfire and one policeman killed, Ibid., September 24, 1968.
339 the long-awaited dialogue was a disaster. Raúl Álvarez Garín, interviewed October 1968.
339 “The meeting ended very badly” Roberto Escudero, interviewed October 1968.
339 “an angry, blood-splattered face.” Poniatowska, Massacre in Mexico, introduction, xii.
341 “listen as much when a woman spoke” Myrthokleia Gonzalez Gallardo, interviewed October 2002.
343 were killed by the military in the 1970s. The New York Times, July 16, 2002.
343 “Families don’t come forward” Martínez de la Roca, interviewed October 2002.
343 “All of us were reborn on October 2.” Elena Poniatowska, La Noche de Tlatelolco (Mexico City: Era, 1971), 267.
CHAPTER 20: Theory and Practice for the Fall Semester
347 “100,000 at the Olympic Stadium in Mexico City.” The New York Times, October 13, 1968.
350 “stand up for black Americans.” Augusta Chronicle, May 20, 1998.
351 “not smart enough to lose interest in it.” Life, October 18, 1968.
351 The U.S. has seldom . . . a fresh political experience. Time, July 5, 1968.
352 “a sovereign state too.” Life, April 19, 1968.
352 “can you smuggle in a canoe.” Ibid.
352 “no personal point of view on anything.” Philip Marchand, Marshall McLuhan: The Medium Is the Messenger (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1998), 219.
352 “Mercedes the car or Mercedes the girl?” The New York Times, June 16, 1986.
353 “the Europeans have the theory” Lewis Cole, interviewed June 2002.
353 “Jerry Rubin, just do it.” Daniel Cohn-Bendit, interviewed March 2003.
354 he would say “de Gaulle.” The New York Times, June 13, 1968.
354 “Or even two months ago?” Sunday Times (London), June 16, 1968.
354 “older Germans just glared at him.” Lewis Cole, interviewed June 2002.
356 “realized nothing would happen.” Mark Rudd, interviewed April 2002.
358 “but the Senate need not confirm them.” Time, July 5, 1968.
358 contact with Griffin through John Ehrlichman, John W. Dean, The Rehnquist Choice: The Untold Story of the Nixon Appointment That Redefined the Supreme Court (New York: Touchstone, 2001), 2 and note 6.
358 before Fortas was on the bench. Dean, The Rehnquist Choice, and Laura Kalman, Abe Fortas: A Biography (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1990), 340.
359 “South and accolades from the Northeast.” The New York Times, August 10, 1968.
360 distasteful to the South. Mailer, Miami and the Siege of Chicago, 73.
361 “Nig-ger-a-o . . .” John Cohen, The Essential Lenny Bruce (New York: Bell Publishing Company, 1970), 59–60.
361 “getting tired of Negroes and their rights.” Mailer, Miami and the Siege of Chicago, 51.
361 “There is no way in hell . . . give a damn about us.” The New York Times, August 11, 1968.
362 “veto powers over what is happening.” Ibid., August 12, 1968.
362 more information on this later. Ibid., September 9, 1968.
362 “most of the time it does.” Ibid.
362 “losing their sense of humor.” The New York Times, September 25, 1968.
363 our tanks and our children. Life, September 27, 1968.
363 “has had it militarily” Ibid.
363 “There is none.” The New York Times, October 13, 1968.
364 “peapickers and peckerwoods.” Ibid., October 29, 1968.
364 “who will take care of things.” The New York Times Magazine, October 27, 1968.
365 Nixon and Humphrey were equally friendly to Israel. The New York Times, November 7, 1968.
365 three additional seats in Georgia. Ibid., November 6, 1968.
CHAPTER 21: The Last Hope
366 “almost unnoticed” Life, December 13, 1968.
368 “law enforcement’s most effective tool against crime.” The New York Times, November 24, 1968.
368 a Westchester volunteer said. Ibid., December 7, 1968.
368 but the establishment press, Time, December 6, 1968.
368 “bad cops” who did not take orders. Ibid.
369 “contempt” for the flag. The New York Times, October 4, 1968.
369 “as night follows day” Ibid., December 7, 1968.
369 But the mayor had no comment. Ibid., December 2, 1968.
372 forty-eight years in prison, one was sentenced to twelve years, and one was acquitted. Ibid., December 13, 1968.
372 “send its troops to occupy American campuses.” Ramparts, June 15, 1968.
372 “There are no innocent bystanders anymore.” The New York Times, December 6, 1968.
374 rumors of a Powell run for president. Newsweek, September 11, 1995.
374 “oversold” the prospects for peace as the election approached. The New York Times, December 14, 1968.
374 eleven different configurations, Langguth, Our Vietnam, 530.
375 14,589 American servicemen . . . the highest casualties of the entire war. Sheehan, A Bright Shining Lie, 726.
376 “the ideology of reform Communism.” Mlynár, Nightfrost in Prague, 232.
377 “The system inhibited change.” Dubcek, Hope Dies Last, 165.
377 The suppression . . . profound stagnation. Mikhail Gorbachev and Zdenek Mlynár, Conversations with Gorbachev (New York: Columbia University Press, 2002), 65.
378 I wanted to create a democracy . . . the other half feels successful. Jacek Kuro´n, interviewed June 2001.
378 “We have passed . . . relationships among our people.” The New York Times, December 16, 1968.
379 “more powerful than he could ever be.” Marchand, Marshall McLuhan, 219.
380 “I can recognize . . . I could see he was one.” Adam Michnik, interviewed June 2001.
381 $44 billion on space missions. The New York Times, October 1, 1968.
381 blast out of the earth’s orbit and go to the moon. Time, October 11, 1968.
382 I really believe . . . not envious or envied. Michael Collins, Carrying the Fire: An Astronaut’s Journey (New York: Cooper Square Press, 2001), 470.
383 To get back up to the shining world from there, Closing stanzas of Dante’s Inferno, translated by Robert Pinsky.