|
708 BC |
Spartans arrive at Tàranto |
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|
c.400 BC |
Archytas governor of Tàranto |
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281 BC |
Pyrrhus’s first victory |
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272 BC |
Tàranto falls to Romans |
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244 BC |
Brìndisi becomes Roman colony |
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216 BC |
Victory of Hannibal at Cannae |
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65 BC |
Birth of Horace at Venosa |
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49 BC |
Seige of Brìndisi by Julius Caesar |
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552 AD |
Goths defeated by Byzantium near Tàranto |
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c.590 |
Lombards from Benevento occupy Daunia |
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847–71 |
Saracen Emirate of Bari |
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975 |
Bari becomes seat of Catapan |
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1016 |
Norman pilgrims meet Melo at Monte Sant’Angelo |
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1056 |
Pope Nicholas 11 recognises Robert Guiscard Duke of Apulia, Calabria and Sicily |
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1071 |
Bari, Byzantine capital, falls to Normans |
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1087 |
Bones of St Nicholas brought from Myra to Bari |
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1130 |
Roger II founds Kingdom of Sicily |
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1194 |
Emperor Henry VI of Hohenstaufen makes himself king of Sicily |
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1199 |
Frederick II of Hohenstaufen becomes king of Sicily |
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1231 |
Constitutions of Melfi |
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1250 |
Death of Frederick II |
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1266 |
Defeat and death of Manfred at Benevento |
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1343–82 |
Reign of Giovanna I – almost every city on the coast becomes a feudal fief |
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1480 |
Capture of Òtranto by Turks |
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1503 |
French defeated by Spaniards at Cerignola Disfida di Barletta |
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1528 |
Apulia invaded by French army under Lautrec |
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1656 |
Plague |
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|
1714 |
Austrian rule over Apulia recognised at Peace of Rastadt |
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1734 |
Austrians defeated by Spaniards under Charles of Bourbon at Bitonto |
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1799 |
Foundation of Parthenopean (Neapolitan) Republic and campaign of Sanfedisti |
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1801 |
French garrisons admitted to Apulian ports |
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|
1806–15 |
French occupation |
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|
1815 |
Restoration of Borboni |
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|
1860 |
Garibaldi overthrows Borbone regime, Unification of Italy |
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1861–5 |
Brigands’ War |
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1865 |
Tavoliere opened up to cultivation; new era of latifondismo |
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|
1906 |
Work begins on construction of Apulian Aqueduct |
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1920 |
Workers rising in Bari |
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1939 |
Completion of Aqueduct |
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1940–5 |
Second World War |
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1943 |
In September King Victor Emanuel III establishes seat of government at Brìndisi |
Rulers of Apulia from Norman Times
The Hautevilles
|
1042–46 |
William, Count of Apulia |
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|
1046–51 |
Drogo, Count of Apulia |
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1051–57 |
Humphrey, Count of Apulia |
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1057–85 |
Robert Guiscard, Count and Duke of Apulia |
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1085–1111 |
Roger Borsa, Duke of Apulia |
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1111–27 |
William, Duke of Apulia |
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|
1127–30 |
Roger, the Great Count of Sicily |
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1130–54 |
Roger II, King of Sicily |
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1154–66 |
William I – ‘The Bad’ – King of Sicily |
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|
1166–89 |
William II – ‘The Good’ – King of Sicily |
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|
1189–94 |
Tancred, King of Sicily |
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|
1194 |
William III |
Tancred had been illegitimate and the Emperor Henry VI claimed the throne as husband of the rightful heir Constance, daughter of Roger II, deposing and murdering Tancred’s son, the infant William III.
The Hohenstaufen
|
1042–46 |
William, Count of Apulia |
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|
1194–97 |
Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor |
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|
1197–1250 |
Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor |
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|
1250–54 |
Conrad IV, Holy Roman Emperor |
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|
1254–66 |
Manfred, King of Sicily |
The Pope offered the Kingdom of Sicily to Charles of Anjou (bro-ther of Louis IX of France) who defeated and killed Manfred, taking his throne. In 1282 the Sicilians rose against him in the Sicilian Vespers, choosing as their king Pedro III of Aragon who had married Manfred’s daughter. There were two kingdoms of Sicily – that on the mainland (including Apulia) ruled from Naples and that on the island ruled from Palermo.
The Angevin Kings
|
1266–85 |
Charles I – ‘Charles of Anjou’ |
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|
1285–1309 |
Charles II – ‘The Lame’ |
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1309–43 |
Robert – ‘The Wise’ |
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|
1343–81 |
Giovanna |
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|
11381–66 |
Charles III – of Durazzo |
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|
1386–1414 |
Ladislao |
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|
1414–35 |
Giovanna II |
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|
1435–42 |
Réné of Anjou |
In 1442 Alfonso King of Aragon and Sicily conquered Naples from Réné of Anjou (father-in-law of Henry VI of England) and styled himself ‘King of the Two Sicilies’. He left Naples to his bastard son Ferrante, his descendants ruling it until the Spanish conquest in the sixteenth century.
The Aragonese Kings
|
1442–58 |
Alfonso I – ‘The Magnaminous’ |
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1458–94 |
Ferdinand I – ‘Ferrante’ |
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|
1494–95 |
Alfonso II |
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|
1495–96 |
Ferdinand II – ‘Ferrantino’ |
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|
1496–1501 |
Federigo |
In 1501 Federigo was deposed by his cousin King Ferdinand of Spain and for over 200 years the kingdom was governed by Spanish viceroys. In 1713 it passed to the Emperor Charles VI, being governed by Austrian viceroys. In 1738 Charles of Bourbon (technically Charles VII but generally called Charles III) drove out the Austrians, re-established the Two Sicilies as an independent monarchy and founded the ‘Borbone’ dynasty. On becoming King of Spain he abdicated in favour of his third son, Ferdinand IV, who in 1816 become known as Ferdinand I to mark the administrative reunion of the Two Sicilies.
The Borbone Kings
|
1734–59 |
Charles III |
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|
1759–99 |
Ferdinand IV |
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|
1799 |
The Parthenopean Republic |
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|
1799–1806 |
Ferdinand IV |
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|
1806–8 |
Joseph Napoleon (Bonaparte) |
|
|
1808–15 |
Joachim Napoleon (Murat) |
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|
1815–25 |
Ferdinand IV and I (from 1816) |
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|
1825–30 |
Francis I |
|
|
1830–59 |
Ferdinand II – ‘Bomba’ |
|
|
1859–60 |
Francis II – ‘Franceschiello’ |
Since 1860 the kingdom of the Two Sicilies has been part of united Italy (although the Holy See recognised its exiled kings until 1902).