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FIGURE 2 First manuscript folio page of The Song of Roland, ms. Digby 23, fol. 1r. © The Bodleian Library, University of Oxford.

FIGURE 3 Frontal portrait of Emperor Otto III, 980 1002 A.D. Munchen, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Clm 4453, fol. 24r. © Bayerische Staatsbibliothek.

FIGURE 4 Mosaic showing silks in Theodoric’s Palace, Cathedral of Sant’Apollinare Nuovo, sixth century, A.D., Ravenna. © Scala/Art Resource, N.Y

FIGURE 5 Gunther silk, showing procession of Byzantine emperor.
© Diözesanmuseum, Bamberg Germany.

FIGURE 6 Lion silk, c. 976–c. 1025.
© Diözesanmuseum, Cologne.

FIGURE 7 Elephant silk, Paris, France. Hervé Lewandowski © Louvre/Réunion des Musées Nationaux/Art Resource, N.Y.

FIGURE 8 Griffin silk, Cathedral Treasury, Sion, Switzerland. School of World Art Studies Photographic Collection, © University of East Anglia.

FIGURE 9 Silk sacks, numbers 15 and 32, used to hold seals, Canterbury, eleventh century. Reproduced with permission from the Dean and Chapter of Canterbury.