APPENDIX
HISTORICAL COMPENDIUM
Geological and Historical Time |
1215 |
Ancient Mediterranean Civilizations |
1216 |
Minoan Scripts |
1217 |
European Alphabets |
1218 |
Crossing the Alps |
1219 |
Phenology and Sägesignatur |
1220 |
Pythagorean Food Classification |
1221 |
Ancient Greek Colonies |
1222 |
The Roman Emperors |
1223 |
The Popes, Patriarchs of Rome |
1224–5 |
Palaeography |
1226–7 |
Eagles and Crosses |
1228–9 |
The Chicago ‘Great Books Scheme’ |
1230 |
Illyria, ancient and modern |
1231 |
The Indo-European Languages |
1232 |
Slavonic and Uralian Languages |
1233 |
Runes and Oghams |
1234–5 |
The Christianization of Europe |
1236 |
The Byzantine Empire |
1237 |
Europe’s Cultural Circles |
1238 |
The Frankish Empire, AD 800–77 |
1239 |
Khazaria at its greatest extent, c. AD 900 |
1240 |
The Christian Reconquista in Iberia |
1241 |
Numerals and Mathematical Notation |
1242–3 |
Growth of France’s Royal Domain |
1244 |
Bulgaria, Medieval and Modern |
1245 |
German Emperors, French Kings |
1246–7 |
European University Foundations |
1248 |
Partitions of Kievan Rus |
1249 |
Timekeeping in History |
1250 |
Aragon: Kingdom and dependencies |
1251 |
The Plantagenet Realm, c.1170 |
1252 |
The Roads to Santiago |
1253 |
Orange and the Venaissin |
1254 |
The Republic of Venice |
1255 |
Lithuania, Medieval and Modern |
1256 |
The Swiss Confederation |
1257 |
Medieval Serbia and Bosnia |
1258 |
Growth of the Ottoman Empire |
1259 |
Fifteenth-Century Burgundy |
1260 |
Central European Dynasties |
1261 |
The Jagiellonian Realm |
1262 |
Paris Rentes, 1420–1787 |
1263 |
Polish Kings, Russian Tsars |
1264 |
Early Modern Political Systems |
1265 |
Europe’s Wars, 1494–1670 |
1266–7 |
Rise and Fall of European States |
1268 |
Renaissance Italy |
1269 |
Habsburg Dominions in Europe |
1270 |
The Price Revolution in Spain |
1271 |
Discoveries and Inventions |
1272–3 |
The Papal Index, 1559–1952 |
1274 |
The Revolt of the Netherlands |
1275 |
The Prussian Agglomeration |
1276 |
Russia’s Expansion into Europe |
1277 |
Grand Opera, 1607–1969 |
1278 |
The Colonization of Ireland |
1279 |
Germany, 1618–48 |
1280 |
Lorraine and Alsace |
1281 |
Europe’s Wars, 1648–1789 |
1282–3 |
The ‘Eastern Question’ 1683–1920 |
1284 |
The United Kingdom, 1707–1922 |
1285 |
French Revolutionary Era 1789–1815 |
1286–7 |
The French Revolutionary Calendar |
1288–9 |
The Crimea |
1290 |
The French Empire, 1812 |
1291 |
Grillenstein: A Peasant Household |
1292 |
Modernization |
1293 |
European Demography, 1800–1914 |
1294 |
Indices of Liberalization |
1295 |
Indices of Industrialization |
1296–7 |
The Caucasus Region |
1298 |
Germany 1815–1918 |
1299 |
Queen Victoria’s Relatives |
1300–1 |
Expansion of Greece, 1821–1945 |
1302 |
Springtime of Nations 1846–9 |
1303 |
The Unification of Italy |
1304 |
Slesvig (Schleswig) and Holstein |
1305 |
Growth of Romania, 1861–1945 |
1306 |
Nationalities of Austria-Hungary |
1307 |
The Pedigree of Socialism |
1308 |
Macedonia 1913 |
1309 |
Greater Albania |
1310 |
The Jewish Pale in the Russian Empire |
1311 |
The ‘Great Triangle’: 1914–91 |
1312 |
Italo-Slav Borders, 1939–92 |
1313 |
Soviet Expansion in Europe |
1314 |
Ukraine, 1918–91 |
1315 |
Poland, 1921–45 |
1316 |
Czechoslovakia, 1918–92 |
1317 |
Hungary, 1918–45 |
1318 |
Serbia and Yugoslavia, from 1817 |
1319 |
Inter-War Dictatorships |
1320 |
Communist ‘Party-States’ |
1321 |
Non-Aggression Treaties, 1925–39 |
1322 |
Rise of Nazi Power, 1933–43 |
1323 |
Spanish Civil War, 1936–9 |
1324 |
International Brigades in Spain |
1325 |
The Waffen-SS Divisions, 1939–5 |
1326–7 |
Europe’s Death Toll, 1914–45 |
1328–9 |
The Gulag Archipelago |
1330 |
The Baltic Countries, 1993 |
1331 |
Europe, 1992: Assorted Statistics |
1332–3 |
Parliamentary Assemblies |
1334 |
Europe 1995: Five Organizations |
1335 |
Geological and Histotrical Time
Ancient Mediterranean Civilization:Periodization
Minoan Scripts
a. The evolution of Aegean writing (left to right): hieroglyphic, Linear A, Linear B, sound value.
b. Stage I: ‘pictographic’ or ‘hieroglyphic’, from c.2000 BC: a hieroglyphic tablet from Phaistos, Crete.
J. Chadwick, The Decipherment of Linear B (Pelican), 1961
c. Stage II/1: Linear A (undeciphered), from +1750 BC: tablet from Hagia Triada no. 114
J. Chadwick, The Decipherment of Linear B (Pelican), 1961
d. Stage II/2: The Cypriot syllabary, fragment of a clay tablet from Enkomi, c.1200 BC
J. Chadwick, Linear B and Related Scripts (London, British Museum Publications, 1987)
e. Stage III: Linear B, found both on Crete and in Mycenaean Greece. Like modern Japanese kanji and kana, it contained a mixture of pictographic and syllabic signs. Linear B tablet from Pylos, with proto-Greek transliteration and English translation.
‘Hiereia echei-que, euchetoi-que etonion echeen theon, ktoinoochons-de ktionaon kekeimenaon onata echeen. (Tossonde spermo) WHEAT 3–9–3.’
‘This the priestess holds, and solemnly declares that the god has the true ownership, but the plot-holders the enjoyment, of the plots in which it is laid out (So much seed) 337/60 units.’
Leonard Cottrell, The Butt of Minos (Athens, 1982)
European Alphabets
* Introduced after 100 BC for foreign words only. Imperial Latin did not distinguish between I and J, or V and U. There was no W.
Crossing the Alps: The St Gotthard Pass and the Valtellina
(A) The St Gotthard Pass; (B) The Valtellina (17th century)
Phenology and Sägesignatur. Indices of Historical Climatology, 1530–50
Vendange |
Sägesignatur |
Consolidated mean dates of the wine harvest in NE and Central France: number of days after 1 September (after Le Roy Ladurie) |
Mean thickness of oak rings in the Western Rhineland, in 1/100 mm (after Hollstein) |
Spice-Ox:The Pvthagorean Classification of Foods
Ancient Greek Colonies, with their Contemporary Locations
PARENT CITIES. Achaea (A); Megara (M); Corinth (C); Locris, Athens, Chalcis, Eretria. (lonia)*; Lesbos, Phocæa, Samos, Miletus, Thera, Rhodes**
SPAIN
Mainake* (Malaga)
Alonae*
Saguntum*
Hemereoskopeion*
Taraco* (Tarragona)
Emphoriae* (Amporias)
Aphrodisias*
FRANCE
Agathe*(Agde)
Avennio* (Avignon)
Massilia* (Marseille)
Olbia*
Athenopolis*
Antipolis* (Antibes)
Nicaea* (Nice)
Herculis Monoeci*
(Monaco)
Alalia* (in Corsica)
ITALY
Pithecusa* (Ischia)
Cyme*
Neapolis* (Naples)
Laus Pompeii
Posidonia (A)
Elea*
Pixus
Terina
Hipponium (A)
Medina
Rhegium (A)
Locri (A)
Scylletium (A)
Croton (A)
Sybaris (A)
Metapontum
Siris
Taras** (Tarento)
Hydruntum
Callipolis
Ancona (Ancona)
(SICILY)
Zancle
Panormus (Palermo)
Messania* (Messina)
Lipara
Naxos
Catana (Catania)
Megara Hyblaea (M)
Syracusa (C)
Camarina (C)
Gela**
Acragas** (Agrigento)
Himera*
Selinus (M)
Lilybaeum
EASTERN ADRIATIC
Tragyrium
Epetium
Issa
Pharos
Lissus
Epidamnus (C) (Durres)
Apollonia (C)
GREECE
Corcyra (C) (Corfu)
Leucas(C)
Ambracia
Mende*
Potidaea (C)
Olynthos
Torone*
Acanthos
Stagiros
Amphipolis
Neapolis
Crenides
Thasos*
Abdera
Lemnos
Chios
TURKEY (in Europe)
Ainos
Kardia
Elaious
Madytos
Sestos
Tiristasis
Bisanthe
Heraion*
Perinthos*
Selimbria (M)
Byzantion (M) (Istanbul)
BULGARIA
Mesembria (M) (Nesebar)
Apollonia Pontica*
(Sozopol)
Odessus* (Varna)
ROMANIA
Cruni*
Kallatis*
Tomoi* (Constanta)
Histria*
MOLDOVA
Tyras* (Belgorod)
UKRAINE
Ophiusa*
Olbia*
(CRIMEA)
Chersonesus*
Theodosia*
Kimmerikon*
Akra*
Nymphaion*
Tiritake*
Pantikapaion*
RUSSIA
Tanais* (Azov)
Phanagoria*
Hermonassa*
Gorgippia*
Pityus*
ABKHAZIA
Dioskourias* (Sukhumi)
GEORGIA
Guenos*
Phasis*
(Poti)
Bathys Limen* (Batumi)
TURKEY (Asia Minor)
Trapezous*(Trabzon)
Kerasous*
Kotyora*
Amisos* (Samsun)
Sinope* (Sinop)
Heraclea Pontica (M)
Chalcedon (M)
Astakos(M)
Kios
Kyzikos*
Artaka
Abydus (M)
Assus
Atameos
Cyme
Smyrna (Izmir)
Ephesos
Miletus
Halicarnassus
Patara*
Phaselis*
Side*
Corcesium*
Nagidus*
Calenderis*
Soli*
Cytorus*
CYPRUS
Lapethos
Salamis
Amathus
Curium
Paphos
EGYPT
Milesiorum Castellum
(Alexandria)
Naucratis
LIBYA
Paliouros
Apollonia**
Cyrene**
Barca**
Tauchira**
Euhesperides**