Introduction:
Islam and the Crusades
1. Bill Clinton, “Remarks as delivered by President William Jefferson Clinton, Georgetown University, November 7, 2001.” Georgetown University Office of Protocol and Events, www.georgetown.edu.
2. “World Islamic Front Statement,” Jihad Against Jews and Crusaders, February 23, 1998. http://www.fas.org/irp/world/para/docs/980223-fatwa.htm.
3. Middle East Media Research Institute (MEMRI), “Ramadan Sermon From Iraq,” MEMRI Special Dispatch No. 438, November 8, 2002. www.memri.org.
4. “Al Qaeda-linked group takes credit for Saudi attack,” CNN, December 7, 2004.
5. Karen Armstrong, Islam: A Short History (New York: Modern Library, 2000), 179–180.
Chapter 1:
Muhammad: Prophet of War
1. A. Guillaume, The Life of Muhammad: A Translation of Ibn Ishaq’s Sirat Rasul Allah, Oxford University Press, 1955, 287–288.
2. Cf. ‘Umdat al-Salik o9.10; al-Mawardi, al-Akham as-Sultaniyyah, 4.2.
3. Ibn Ishaq, 289.
4. Ibid., 300.
5. Muhammed Ibn Ismaiel Al-Bukhari, Sahih al-Bukhari: The Translation of the Meanings, translated by Muhammad M. Khan, Darussalam, 1997, vol. 4, book 58, no. 3185.
6. Ibn Ishaq, 308.
7. Ibid., 304.
8. Bukhari, vol. 4, book 58, no. 3185.
9. Ibn Ishaq, 306.
10. Ibid., 308.
11. Ibid., 363.
12. Ibid., 367.
13. Sahih Muslim, translated by Abdul Hamid Siddiqi, Kitab Bhavan, revised edition 2000, vol. 3, book 17, no. 4436.
14. Bukhari, vol. 4, book 56, no. 3032.
15. Bukhari, vol. 5, book 64, no. 4037.
16. Ibn Ishaq, 369.
17. Ibid., 382.
18. Ibid., 386.
19. Ibid., 387.
20. Sayyid Qutb, Social Justice in Islam, translated by John B. Hardie and Hamid Algar, revised edition, Islamic Publications International, 2000, 19.
21. Deroy Murdock, “‘The Great Satan’ on Devastated Muslim Streets,” National Review Online, January 6, 2005.
22. Ibn Ishaq, 509.
Chapter 2:
The Qur’an: Book of War
1. “I have a question about offensive Jihad,” Islam Q & A Online with Mufti Ebrahim Desai, Question 12128 from Canada, http://www.islam.tc/ask-imam/view.php?q=12128.
2. Sidik Aucbur, “The true meaning of Jihad,” www.khilafah.com, May 11, 2003.
3. Ibn Arabi, in Suyuti, Itqan iii, 69. Cf. John Wansbrough, Quranic Studies, Prometheus, 2003, 184.
4. “Surat at-Tawba: Repentance,” Tafsir al-Jalalayn, anonymous translation, reprinted at http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/ABewley/tawba1.html.
5. Ibn Kathir, vol. 4, 377.
6. “Surat at-Tawba: Repentance,” Tafsir Ibn Juzayy, anonymous translation, reprinted at http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/ABewley/tawba1.html.
7. Ibn Kathir, vol. 8, 668.
8. “Question #34770: There is no compulsion to accept Islam,” Learn Hajj Jurisprudence, Islam Q & A, http://63.175.194.25/index.php?ln=eng&ds=qa&lv=browse&QR=34770&dgn=4.
9. Middle East Media Research Institute (MEMRI), “PA TV Broadcasts call for Killing Jews and Americans,” MEMRI Special Dispatch No. 138, October 13, 2000. www.memri.org.
10. Osama bin Laden, “Declaration of War against the Americans Occupying the Land of the Two Holy Places,” 1996. http://www.mideastweb.org/osamabinladen1.htm.
11. Middle East Media Research Institute (MEMRI), “Bin Laden’s Sermon for the Feast of the Sacrifice,” MEMRI Special Dispatch No. 476, March 5, 2003.
Chapter 3:
Islam: Religion of War
1. Bukhari, vol. 1, book 2, no. 26; cf. vol. 2, book 25, no. 1519 and many others.
2. Bukhari, vol. 4, book 56, no. 2892.
3. Muslim, book 20, no. 4642.
4. Abu-Dawud Sulaiman bin Al-Aash’ath Al-Azdi as-Sijistani, Sunan abu-Dawud, Ahmad Hasan, translator, Kitab Bhavan, 1990, book 14, no. 2497.
5. Muslim, book 20, no. 4645.
6. Bukhari, vol. 4, book 56, no. 2785.
7. Muslim, book 19, no. 4294.
8. “Full text: bin Laden’s ‘letter to America,’” Observer, November 24, 2002.
9. Bukhari, vol. 1, book 2, no. 25. The transliterated Arabic of the Muslim confession of faith has been omitted from this translation for ease of reading. The same statement is repeated in Bukhari, vol. 1, book 8, no. 392; vol. 4, book 56, no. 2946; vol. 9, book 88, no. 6924; and vol. 9, book 96, nos. 7284–7285, as well as in other hadith collections.
10. Ibn Abi Zayd al-Qayrawani, La Risala (Epitre sur les elements du dogme et de la loi de l’Islam selon le rite malikite.) Translated from Arabic by Leon Bercher. 5th ed. Algiers, 1960, 165. Cited in Andrew G. Bostom, “Khaled Abou El Fadl: Reformer or Revisionist?,” http://www.secularislam.org/articles/bostom.htm.
11. Ibn Taymiyya, “Jihad,” in Rudolph Peters, Jihad in Classical and Modern Islam, Markus Wiener Publishers, 1996, 49. Cited in Andrew G. Bostom, “Khaled Abou El Fadl: Reformer or Revisionist?,” http://www.secularislam.org/articles/bostom.htm.
12. From the Hidayah, vol. I, 140, quoted in Thomas P. Hughes, A Dictionary of Islam (W.H. Allen, 1895), “Jihad,” 243–248. Cited in Andrew G. Bostom, “Khaled Abou El Fadl: Reformer or Revisionist?,” http://www.secularislam.org/articles/bostom.htm.
13. Abu’l Hasan al-Mawardi, al-Ahkam as-Sultaniyyah (The Laws of Islamic Governance), Ta-Ha Publishers, 1996, 60.
14. Ahmed ibn Naqib al-Misri, Reliance of the Traveller (‘Umdat al-Salik): A Classic Manual of Islamic Sacred Law, translated by Nuh Ha Mim Keller. Amana Publications, 1999, xx.
15. Ibid., o9.0.
16. Ibid., o9.8.
17. Ibid., o9.6.
18. Quoted in Jonathan Riley-Smith, The Oxford Illustrated History of the Crusades (Oxford University Press, 1995), 250–251.
19. Qutb, Milestones, 63.
20. Shariah Council of State Defense Council (Majlis al-Shura) of CRI, “Jihad and Its Solution Today,” Jihad Today, Kavkaz Center, November 26, 2003. http://kavkazcenter.com/eng/content/2003/11/26/2028.shtml.
21. See, for example, “Fears as young Muslims ‘opt out,’” BBCNews, March 7, 2004.
22. “Interview Sahim Alwan,” Frontline, October 16, 2003. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/sleeper/interviews/alwan.html.
23. Peter Ford, “Listening for Islam’s silent majority,” Christian Science Monitor, November 5, 2001.
24. Debbie Schlussel, “Bush’s scary CAIR friends,” WorldNetDaily.com, October 16, 2001.
25. Jagan Kaul, “Kashmir: Kashmiri Pundit View-point,” Kashmir Telegraph, May 2002.
26. Daniel Pipes, “The Danger Within: Militant Islam in America,” Commentary, November 2001.
Chapter 4:
Islam: Religion of Intolerance
1. Emrah Ulker, “UN Uses Ottoman Tolerance Concept as Model,” Zaman Daily Newspaper, December 9, 2004.
2. Abu’l Hasan al-Mawardi, al-Ahkam as-Sultaniyyah (The Laws of Islamic Governance) Ta-Ha Publishers, 1996, 28.
3. Ibn Kathir, vol. 4, 406.
4. Ibid., 407.
5. Ibid.
6. ‘Umdat al-Salik, o11.3, 5.
7. “The Charter of Allah: The Platform of the Islamic Resistance movement (Hamas),” translated and annotated by Raphael Israeli, The International Policy Institute for Counter-Terrorism, April 5, 1998. http://www.ict.org.il/documents/documentdet.cfm?docid=14.
8. Middle East Media Research Institute (MEMRI), “Islamist Leader in London: No Universal Jihad As Long As There is No Caliphate,” MEMRI Special Dispatch No. 435, October 30, 2002.
9. Jonathan Adelman and Agota Kuperman, “Christian Exodus from the Middle East,” Foundation for the Defense of Democracies, December 19,2001. Reprinted at: http://www.defenddemocracy.org/publications/publications_show.htm?doc_id=155713.
10. Middle East Media Research Institute (MEMRI), “Friday Sermons in Saudi Mosques: Review and Analysis,” MEMRI Special Report No. 10, September 26, 2002. www.memri.org. This sermon is undated, but it recently appeared on the Saudi website www.alminbar.net.
11. Abdullah Azzam, Defence of the Muslim Lands, Mohammed Taqi-ud-Oin AI-Hilali and Mohammed Muhsin Khan, translators. Maktaba Dar-us-Salam, 1993. Reprinted at http://www.religioscope.com/info/doc/jihad/azzam_defence_1_table.htm.
12. Stephen Schwartz, “Reductio ad Jihadam,” TechCentralStation.com, February 17, 2005.
13. Quoted in Steven Runciman, History of the Crusades Volume I, (Oxford: Cambridge University Press, 1951), 27.
14. A. S. Tritton, Caliphs and Their Non-Muslim Subjects: A Critical Study of the Covenant of ‘Umar, Idarah-I-Adabiyat-I Delli, 1950, 229.
15. Philip K. Hitti, The Arabs: A Short History (Washington, DC: Regnery, 1996), 137.
16. Steven Runciman, The Great Church in Captivity (Oxford: Cambridge University Press, 1968), 179.
17. Quoted in Philip Mansel, Constantinople: City of the World’s Desire 1453–1924 (New York: St. Martin’s Griffin, 1998), 51.
18. Bat Ye’or, The Decline of Eastern Christianity Under Islam (Madison, NJ: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1996), 296.
19. Michael the Syrian, quoted in Ye’or, The Decline of Eastern Christianity Under Islam, 78.
20. Ibid.
21. Tritton, 227.
22. Quoted in Ibn Warraq, Why I Am Not A Muslim (Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 1995), 228.
23. Quoted in Bat Ye’or, Islam and Dhimmitude: Where Civilizations Collide (Madison, NJ: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 2002), 70.
24. Ye’or, The Decline of Eastern Christianity Under Islam, 78.
25. Ibid., 112–13.
26. Maxime Rodinson, Muhammad, translated by Anne Carter (New York: Pantheon Books, 1971), 296.
27. Apostolos E. Vacolopolous, “Background and Causes of the Greek Revolution,” Neo-Hellenika, vol. 2, 1975, 54–55; cited in Andrew G. Bostom, “The Islamization of Europe,” FrontPageMagazine.com, December 31,2004.
28. Paul Johnson, A History of the Jews (New York: Harper & Row, 1987), 175.
29. This is an old Arabic signal of danger.
30. Bukhari, vol. 6, book 65, no. 4971.
31. Gregory X, “Papal Protection of the Jews,” in The Portable Medieval Reader (New York: Viking Press, 1949), 170–71.
32. “Egypt: Police Arrest 22 Christians in New Crackdown,” Barnabas Fund, October 24, 2003. www.barnabasfund.org.
33. “Egyptian officials revoke church license to build after demolition of church,” U.S. Copts Association, December 2, 2003.
34. “Christian Captured At Border,” Compass Direct, December 4, 2003. www.compassdirect.org.
35. “Christian Couple Escapes,” Compass Direct, May 17, 2004.
36. “Police arrests Christian for ‘blasphemy’, lets attackers go,” Daily Times, November 29, 2003.
37. “Dajkot Church attacked. PCP Report,” Pakistan Christian Post, December 11, 2003.
38. “Pakistan blasphemy suspect dies, beaten by cop,” Reuters, May 29, 2004.
39. Quoted in Robert Hussein, Apostate Son (Najiba Publishing Company, 1998), 161.
40. V. S. Naipaul, Among the Believers: An Islamic Journey (New York: Vintage Books, 1982), 65.
41. Ibid., 141–42.
42. Ibid., 119.
Chapter 5:
Islam Oppresses Women
1. Lisa Anderson, “Islamic woman sparks controversy by leading prayers,” Chicago Tribune, March 18, 2005.
2. “Woman leads Muslim prayer service in New York City despite criticism in the Middle East,” Associated Press, March 19, 2005.
3. Muslim Women’s League, “Gender Equality in Islam,” September 1995, http://www.mwlusa.org/pub_gender.html.
4. Nawal El-Saadawi, quoted in Muhammad Ali Al-Hashimi, The Ideal Muslimah: The True Islamic Personality of the Muslim Woman as Defined in the Qur’an and Sunnah, International Islamic Publishing House, 1998, http://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/humanrelations/womeninislam/idealmuslimah/.
5. Christine Armario, “U.S. Latinas seek answers in Islam,” Christian Science Monitor, December 27, 2004.
6. Quoted in al-Hashimi, The Ideal Muslimah.
7. Abu Dawud, book 32, no. 4092.
8. See Christopher Dickey and Rod Nordland, “The Fire That Won’t Die Out,” Newsweek, July 22, 2002, 34–37.
9. See United Nations Children’s Fund, “UNICEF: Child marriages must stop,” March 7, 2001, http://www.unicef.org/newsline/01pr21.htm.
10. Bukhari, vol. 5, book 63, no. 3896; cf. Bukhari, vol. 7, book 67, no. 5158.
11. Amir Taheri, The Spirit of Allah: Khomeini and the Islamic Revolution (New York: Adler and Adler), 1986, 90–91.
12. Lisa Beyer, “The Women of Islam,” Time, November 25, 2001. Reprinted at http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,185647,00.html.
13. Andrew Bushell, “Child Marriage in Afghanistan and Pakistan,” America, March 11, 2002, 12.
14. Abu Dawud, book 11, no. 2141.
15. Ibid., book 11, no. 2142.
16. Bukhari, vol. 7, book 77, no. 5825.
17. See Amnesty International, “Media briefing: Violence against women in Pakistan,” April 17, 2002, http://web.amnesty.org/ai.nsf/Index/ASA330102002?OpenDocument&of=THEMES\WOMEN.
18. Muslim, book 4, no. 2127.
19. Bukhari, vol. 4, book 59, no. 3237. This hadith is repeated in many other places.
20. ‘Umdat al-Salik, m11.9.
21. Ibid., m10.4.
22. Ibid., m10.3.
23. Amnesty International, “Saudi Arabia: End Secrecy End Suffering: Women,” http://www.amnesty.org/ailib/intcam/saudi/briefing/4.html.
24. Bukhari, vol. 7, book 67, no. 5206.
25. ‘Umdat al-Salik, n7.7.
26. Bukhari, vol. 3, book 52, no. 2639.
27. “Ninth Pakistani school destroyed,” BBC News, February 20, 2004.
28. Nicholas Hellen, “Muslim second wives may get a tax break,” The Sunday Times, December 26, 2004.
29. Bukhari, vol. 7, book 67, no. 5119.
30. Ibid., vol. 7, book 67, nos. 5117–5118.
31. ‘Umdat al-Salik, o24.8.
32. See also Bukhari, vol. 3, book 52, no. 2661.
33. Muslim, vol. 3, book 17, no. 4206.
34. See Sisters in Islam, “Rape, Zina, and Incest,” April 6, 2000, http://www.muslimtents.com/sistersinislam/resources/sdefini.htm.
35. See Stephen Faris, “In Nigeria, A Mother Faces Execution,” www.africana.com, January 7, 2002.
36. ‘Umdat al-Salik, e4.3.
37. Quoted in Geneive Abdo, No God But God: Egypt and the Triumph of Islam (Cambridge: Oxford University Press, 2000), 59.
38. Frank Gardner, “Grand Sheikh condemns suicide bombings,” BBC News, December 4, 2001, www.bbc.co.uk.
Chapter 6:
Islamic Law: Lie, Steal, and Kill
1. Muslim, book 32, no. 6309.
2. Bukhari, vol. 4, book 56, no. 3030; Muslim, vol. 4, book 32, no. 6303.
3. Ibn Kathir, vol. 2, 141–42.
4. Bernard Lewis, The Assassins (New York: Basic Books, 1967), 25. For taqiyya among al Qaeda members, see Charles M. Sennott, “Exposing Al Qaeda’s European Network,” Boston Globe, August 4, 2002.
5. Ibn Kathir, vol. 5, 530.
6. ‘Umdat al-Salik, o1.0, o1.1, o1.2.
7. Sultanhussein Tabandeh, A Muslim Commentary on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, translated by F. J. Goulding (London: F. T. Goulding and Co., 1970), 18.
8. Ali Sina, “The Golden Rule and Islam,” Faith Freedom International, April 28, 2005.
9. ‘Umdat al-Salik o9. 10, cf. al-Mawardi, al-Akham as-Sultaniyyah, 4.2.
10. ‘Umdat al-Salik, xx.
11. “Al-Qaradawi full transcript,” BBCNews, July 8, 2004.
Chapter 7:
How Allah Killed Science
1. ‘Umdat al-Salik, r40.1.
2. Quoted in Amir Taheri, The Spirit of Allah: Khomeini and the Islamic Revolution (New York: Adler and Adler, 1986), 259.
3. Bukhari, vol.
4, book 59, no. 3225.4. Oleg Grabar, “Palaces, Citadels and Fortifications,” Architecture of the Islamic World: Its History and Social Meaning, edited by George Michell (New York: Thames & Hudson, 1995).
5. Caesar E. Farah, Islam, Sixth Edition (New York: Barrons, 2000), 198.
6. Elias B. Skaff, The Place of the Patriarchs of Antioch in Church History (Manchester, NH: Sophia Press, 1993), 169.
7. Bat Ye’or, The Decline of Eastern Christianity Under Islam, p. 233.
8. Philip Hitti, The Arabs: A Short History (Washington, DC: Regnery, 1996), 67.
9. Ibid., 141–42.
10. “Islam.” Encyclopædia Britannica, 2005. Encyclopædia Britannica Premium Service, http://www.britannica.com/eb/article?tocId=69186.
11. Ibid.
12. Abu Hamid al-Ghazali, The Incoherence of the Philosophers, translated by Michael E. Marmura. (Provo, UT: Brigham Young University Press, 2000), 2.
13. Ibid., 8.
14. Al-Ghazali, 226. Emphasis added.
15. St. Thomas Aquinas, Summa Contra Gentiles, Book Two: Creation, Chapter 25, section 14. Translated by James F. Anderson. (Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 1975).
16. James V. Schall, S. J., War-Time Clarifications: Who Is Our Enemy? 2001.
Chapter 8:
The Lure of Islamic Paradise
1. The History of al-Tabari (Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk), vol. VIII: The Victory of Islam, translated by Michael Fishbein (New York: State University of New York Press, 1997), 26.
2. Ibn Ishaq, 300.
3. Ibid., vol. 2, book 23, no. 1365.
4. “Al-Qaradawi full transcript,” BBC News, July 8, 2004. For Esposito’s praise, see John L. Esposito, “Practice and Theory: A response to ‘Islam and the Challenge of Democracy,’” Boston Review, April/May 2003.
5. Middle East Media Research Institute (MEMRI), “An Interview with the Mother of a Suicide Bomber,” MEMRI Special Dispatch No. 391, June 19, 2002.
6. Abu Dawud, book 38, no. 4448.
7. ‘Umdat al-Salik, p17.3 (1).
8. “Two Saudis beheaded for killing Pakistani who witnessed ‘shameful’ incident,” Associated Press, March 15, 2005.
9. Quoted in Ibn Warraq, Why I Am Not A Muslim (New York: Prometheus, 1995), 342–43.
10. David Brooks, “Among the Bourgeoisophobes: Why the Europeans and Arabs, each in their own way, hate America and Israel,” Weekly Standard, April 15, 2002.
11. “‘Little bomber’ fascinates Israeli media,” BBC News, March 25, 2004.
12. Tom Lasseter, “Iraqi teen tells how he joined Ansar al Islam,” Knight Ridder, February 13, 2004.
13. Steven Runciman, The Fall of Constantinople 1453 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1965), 151.
14. Bukhari, vol. 4, book 56, no. 2818.
15. Bernard Lewis, The Assassins (New York: Basic Books, 1967), 127.
16. Marco Polo, The Travels, Ronald Latham, translator (New York: Penguin, 1958), 70–71.
17. Paul Sperry, “Airline denied Atta paradise wedding suit,” WorldNetDaily.com, September 11, 2002.
Chapter 9:
Islam—Spread by the Sword? You Bet.
1. Muslim, book 19, no. 4382.
2. Bukhari, vol. 4, book 56, no. 2941.
3. Ibid., no. 2924.
4. The History of al-Tabari, Volume XII: The Battle of al-Qadisiyyah and the Conquest of Syria and Palestine, translated by Yohanan Friedmann (New York: State University of New York Press, 1992), 167. Cited in Andrew Bostom, “The Legacy of Jihad in Palestine,” FrontPage Magazine.com, December 7, 2004. http://www.frontpagemag.com/Articles/ReadArticle.asp?ID=16235.
5. Steven Runciman, A History of the Crusades, Volume I (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1951), 3.
6. Quoted in Bat Ye’or, The Decline of Eastern Christianity Under Islam, 271–72.
7. Ibid., 275.
8. Ibid., 276–77.
9. Ya’qub Abu Yusuf, in Ye’or, The Decline of Eastern Christianity Under Islam, 274.
10. Bukhari, vol. 4, book 56, no. 2818.
11. Quoted in V. S. Naipaul, Among the Believers: An Islamic Journey (New York: Vintage Books, 1982), 103.
12. Pierre Lance, “Jacques Chirac, avez-vous des racines?” Les 4 Vérités, January 17, 2004.
13. Quoted in Paul Fregosi, Jihad in the West: Muslim Conquests from the 7th to the 21st Centuries (New York: Prometheus Books, 1998), 99.
14. Sita Ram Goel, The Story of Islamic Imperialism in India (Voice of India, revised edition, 1994), 70–71.
15. Ibid., 44.
16. Bukhari, vol. 1, book 2, no. 25. The transliterated Arabic of the Muslim confession of faith has been omitted from this translation for ease of reading. The same statement is repeated in Bukhari, vol. 1, book 8, no. 392; vol. 4, book 56, no. 2946; vol. 9, book 88, no. 6924; and vol. 9, book 96, nos. 7284–7285, as well as in other hadith collections.
17. Sayyid Qutb, “The Right to Judge,” http://www.islamworld.net/justice.html.
18. Sayyid Abul A’la Maududi [here, Mawdudi], Towards Understanding the Qur’an, Zafar Ishaq Ansari, translator (The Islamic Foundation, revised edition, Vol. 3, 1999), 202.
Chapter 10:
Why the Crusades Were Called
1. Amin Maalouf, The Crusades Through Arab Eyes (New York: Schocken Books, 1984), xvi.
2. John Esposito, Islam: The Straight Path, third edition (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998), 58.
3. Bukhari, vol. 4, book 56, no. 2941.
4. Esposito, 58.
5. Quoted in Bat Y’eor, The Decline of Eastern Christianity Under Islam (Madison, NJ: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1996), 44.
6. Bukhari, vol. 1, book 2, no. 36.
7. Moshe Gil, A History of Palestine 634–1099 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992), 473–76. To his credit, Caliph al-Muqtadir did respond to the 923 persecutions by ordering the church rebuilt.
8. Steven Runciman, A History of the Crusades, Volume I (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1951), 30–32.
9. Carole Hillenbrand, The Crusades: Islamic Perspectives (Oxford: Routledge, 2000), 101.
10. Runciman, 33.
11. Gil, 376.
12. Runciman, 35–36; Hillenbrand, 16–17; Jonathan Riley-Smith, The Crusades: A Short History (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1987), 44.
13. Bernard Lewis, The Assassins (New York: Basic Books, 2002), 33.
14. Runciman, 36.
15. Ibid., 49.
16. Gil, 412.
17. Pope Urban II, “Speech at Council of Clermont, 1095, according to Fulcher of Chartres,” quoted in Bongars, Gesta Dei per Francos, 1, 382 ff., trans. in Oliver J. Thatcher, and Edgar Holmes McNeal, eds., A Source Book for Medieval History (New York: Scribners, 1905), 513–17. Reprinted at Medieval Sourcebook, http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/urban2-fulcher.html.
18. ‘Umdat al-Salik, o9.1.
19. Quoted in Hillenbrand, 71.20. Ibn Taymiyya, “The Religious and Moral Doctrine of Jihad,” in Rudolph Peters, Jihad in Classical and Modern Islam: A Reader (Princeton, NJ: Markus Wiener Publishers, 1996), 53.
21. Shariah Council of State Defense Council “Majlis al-Shura” of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, “Jihad And Its Solution Today,” Jihad Today, no. 7. Reprinted at http://kavkazcenter.com/eng/content/2003/11/26/2028.shtml, November 26, 2003.
22. Middle East Media Research Institute (MEMRI), “Jihad Against the U.S.: Al-Azhar’s Conflicting Fatwas,” MEMRI Special Dispatch No. 480, March 16, 2003. www.memri.org.
23. Middle East Media Research Institute (MEMRI), “Islamist Leader in London: No Universal Jihad As Long As There Is No Caliphate,” MEMRI Special Dispatch No. 435, October 30, 2002. www.memri.org.
24. Tawfiq Tabib, “Interview with Sheikh al-Mujahideen Abu Abdel Aziz,” Al-Sirat Al-Mustaqeem (The Straight Path), August 1994. Reprinted at http://www.seprin.com/laden/barbaros.html.
25. Stephen Graham, “Muslim Militants From Europe Drawn to Iraq,” Associated Press, November 3, 2003.
26. James Harvey Robinson, ed., Readings in European History: Vol. I (Boston, MA: Ginn and Co., 1904), 312–16. Reprinted at Medieval Sourcebook, http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/urban2a.html.
27. Ibid.
28. Ibid.
29. Thomas Madden, The New Concise History of the Crusades (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2005), 19–20.
30. Ibid., 12.
31. Quoted in August C. Krey, The First Crusade: The Accounts of Eyewitnesses and Participants, (Princeton, NJ: 1921), 280–81. Reprinted at Medieval Sourcebook, http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/fulcher-cde.html.
32. Jonathan Riley-Smith, The Oxford Illustrated History of the Crusades (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995), 116.
33. Quoted in Maalouf, The Crusades Through Arab Eyes, p. 263.
Chapter 11:
The Crusades: Myth and Reality
1. Quoted in August C. Krey, The First Crusade: The Accounts of Eyewitnesses and Participants (Princeton, NJ: 1921), 280–81. Reprinted at Medieval Sourcebook, http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/fulcher-cde.html.
2. R. G. D. Laffan, ed. and trans., Select Documents of European History 800–1492, volume I, Henry Holt, 1929. See also “The Crusaders Capture Jerusalem, 1099,” EyeWitness to History, www.eyewitnesstohistory.com (2000).
3. Archbishop Daimbert, Duke Godfrey, and Count Raymond, “Letter to Pope Paschal II, September, 1099,” in Colman J. Barry, ed., Readings In Church History (Christian Classics, 1985), 328.
4. Moshe Gil, A History of Palestine 634–1099 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992), 827.
5. Francesco Gabrieli, ed. and trans., Arab Historians of the Crusades (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1957), 11.
6. Bill Clinton, “Remarks as delivered by President William Jefferson Clinton, Georgetown University, November 7, 2001.” Georgetown University Office of Protocol and Events, www.georgetown.edu.
7. Amin Maalouf, The Crusades Through Arab Eyes (New York: Schocken Books, 1984), xvi.
8. Warren Carroll, The Building of Christendom (Front Royal, VA: Christendom College Press, 1987), 545.
9. For the Crusaders reneging, see Gil, 827. For their allowing some to leave, see Thomas F. Madden, The New Concise History of the Crusades (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2005), 34.
10. Quoted in Hillenbrand, The Crusades: Islamic Perspectives (Oxford: Routledge, 2000), 64–65.
11. Quoted in Madden, 181–82.
12. Steven Runciman, The Fall of Constantinople 1453 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1965), 145.
13. Maalouf, 179.
14. Madden, 74.
15. Quoted in ibid., 76.
16. Ibid., 78.
17. Ibid., 54.
18. Jonathan Riley-Smith, The Oxford Illustrated History of the Crusades (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997), 116.
19. Hilaire Belloc, The Crusades: The World’s Debate (Rockford, IL: Tan, 1992), 248–50.
20. Alan Cooperman, “For Victims, Strong Words Were Not Enough,” Washington Post, April 3, 2005.
21. Pope John Paul II, “Homily of the Holy Father: ‘Day of Pardon,’” March 12, 2000. http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/homilies/2000/documents/hf_jp-ii_hom_20000312_pardon_en.html.
Chapter 12:
What the Crusades Accomplished—And What They Didn’t
1. Steven Runciman, A History of the Crusades, Volume III (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1951), 398–402.
2. Bernard Lewis, The Assassins (New York: Basic Books, 1967), 5. For the Crusades as rape, see Amin Maalouf, The Crusades Through Arab Eyes (New York: Schocken, 1989), 266.
3. Godfrey Goodwin, The Janissaries (London: Saqi Books, 1997), 34.
4. Mufti Ebrahim Desai, Ask the Imam Question 1394, “The west is often criticised by Muslims for many reasons, such as allowing women go to work,” October 25, 2000. http://islam.tc/ask-imam/view.php?q=1394.
5. Paul Fregosi, Jihad (New York: Prometheus Books, 1998), 225.
6. Beatrice Forbes Manz, The Rise and Rule of Tamerlane (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989), 17.
Chapter 13:
What If the Crusades Had Never Happened?
1. Amin Maalouf, The Crusades Through Arab Eyes (New York: Schocken, 1989), 266.
2. Napier Malcolm, Five Years in a Persian Town (New York: E. P. Dutton, 1905), 45–50. Cited in Andrew G. Bostom, “The Islamization of Europe,” FrontPageMagazine.com, December 31, 2004.
3. From Sistani’s website, www.sistani.org.
4. ‘Umdat al-Salik, o11.5(6).
5. “Fundamentalists vow to kill female students without head cover,” AsiaNews, October 22, 2004.
6. “Iraqi Columnist: ‘It Is Difficult to Recall a Period in Which Christian Arabs Were in Greater Danger Than Today,’” Middle East Media Research Institute, Special Dispatch No. 789, September 24, 2004.
7. E. A. Wallis Budge, trans., The Monks of Kublai Khan, Emperor of China, (The Religious Tract Society, 1928). Reprinted at http://www.aina.org/books/mokk/mokk.htm#c72.
Chapter 14:
Islam and Christianity: Equivalent Traditions?
1. Alan Riding, “The Crusades as a Lesson in Harmony?” New York Times, April 24, 2005.
2. Charlotte Edwardes, “Historians say film ‘distorts’ Crusades,” London Sunday Telegraph, January 18, 2004.
3. Hani Ramadan, “La charia incomprise,” Le Monde, September 10, 2002. For a typical blasphemy killing in Pakistan, see “Man Accused of Blasphemy Shot Dead,” Reuters, April 20, 2005.
4. Sahih Bukhari, vol. 1, book 4, no. 233.5. “Lawyer Convicted of Helping Terrorists,” Associated Press, February 10, 2005.
6. David A. Yeagley, “What’s Up With White Women?” FrontPageMagazine.com, May 18, 2001.
Chapter 15:
The Jihad Continues
1. Quoted in Carole Hillenbrand, The Crusades: Islamic Perspectives (Oxford: Routledge, 2000), 165.
2. Middle East Media Research Institute, “Al-Qa’ida Internet Magazine Sawt Al-Jihad Calls to Intensify Fighting During Ramadan—the Month of Jihad,” Special Dispatch No. 804, October 22, 2004. www.memri.org.
3. Middle East Media Research Institute, “Egyptian Cleric: Ramadan the month of Jihad,” Special Dispatch No. 308, December 5, 2001. www.memri.org.
4. “Full text: bin Laden’s ‘letter to America,’” Guardian, November 24, 2002.
5. Hizb ut-Tahrir, “The Khilafah was destroyed in Turkey 79 years ago; so let the Righteous Khilafah be declared again in Turkey,” www.islamicstate.org, February 22, 2003.
6. Neil MacFarquhar, “Rising Tide of Islamic Militants See Iraq as Ultimate Battlefield,” New York Times, August 13, 2003.
7. Brynjar Lia, The Society of the Muslim Brothers in Egypt (Ithaca, NY: Ithaca Press, 1998), 28.
8. Syed Abul Ala Maududi, “Jihad in Islam,” Address at the Town Hall, Lahore, April 13, 1939. Reprinted at http://host06.ipowerweb.com/~ymofmdc/books/jihadinislam/.
9. Craig Pyes, Josh Meyer, and William C. Rempel, “Officials Reveal Bin Laden Plan,” Los Angeles Times, May 18, 2002.
10. Daniel Simpson, “British Moslem radicals urge Islamic fightback,” Reuters, March 6, 1999.
11. Steve Zwick, “The Thinker,” in “The Many Faces of Islam,” Time Europe, December 16, 2002.
12. Lisa Gardiner, “American Muslim leader urges faithful to spread Islam’s message,” San Ramon Valley Herald, July 4, 1998.
13. Art Moore, “Should Muslim Quran be USA’s top authority?” WorldNetDaily.com, May 1, 2003.
14. John Perazzo, “Hamas and Hizzoner,” FrontPageMagazine.com, March 5, 2003.
15. See the Dallas News blog, December 17, 2004.
16. Quoted in Amir Taheri, Holy Terror: Inside the World of Islamic Terrorism (New York: Adler & Adler, 1987), 241–43.
17. Quoted in Amir Taheri, The Spirit of Allah: Khomeini and the Islamic Revolution (New York: Adler and Adler, 1986), 20, 45.
18. Daniel Pipes, “Advancing U.S. National Interests Through Effective Counterterrorism,” Testimony presented to Secretary’s Open Forum, Department of State, January 30, 2002. www.danielpipes.org.
19. “O’Reilly Factor Flash,” August 5, 2004, http://www.billoreilly.com/pg/jsp/general/genericpage.jsp?pageID=368.
20. William Glaberson, “Defense in Terror Trial Paints a Rosier Picture of ‘Jihad,’” New York Times, February 25, 2005.
21. Bukhari, vol. 1, book 2, no. 25. The transliterated Arabic of the Muslim confession of faith has been omitted from this translation for ease of reading. The same statement is repeated in Bukhari, vol. 1, book 8, no. 392; vol. 4, book 56, no. 2946; vol. 9, book 88, no. 6924; and vol. 9, book 96, nos. 7284–7285, as well as in other hadith collections.
22. Kathy Gannon, “Radical Islamic Group Growing in Asia,” Associated Press, May 1, 2005.
23. Khalid A-H Ansari, “65% Pakistanis support Osama, says report,” Mid-Day, March 27, 2004.
24. Qutb, Milestones (New Delhi: Islamic Book Service, 2002), 10–11.
25. Bernard Lewis, The Assassins (New York: Basic Books, 1967), 35.
26. Ibid., 58.
Chapter 16:
“Islamophobia” and Today’s Ideological Jihad
1. Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948. http://www.un.org/Overview/rights.html.
2. The Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam, August 5, 1990. http://www.religlaw.org/interdocs/docs/cairohrislam1990.htm.
3. Stephen Schwartz, “The ‘Islamophobes’ That Aren’t,” TechCentralStation.com, April 28, 2005.
4. “Atheist Becomes Theist: Exclusive Interview with Former Atheist Antony Flew,” Philosophia Christi, Winter 2004.
5. “Swiss arrests over Saudi attacks,” BBCNews, January 9, 2004; “Muslims in Switzerland fear ‘witch-hunt,’” Swissinfo, April 22, 2004.
6. Stuart Jeffries, “Coming to a small screen near you,” Guardian, January 13, 2005.
7. Victor Davis Hanson, “Cracked Icons,” National Review, December 17,2004.
8. Abu Dawud, book 32, no. 4092.
9. Bukhari, vol. 7, book 77, no. 5825.
10. Council on American-Islamic Relations, “CAIR Calls on Wiesenthal Center to Repudiate ‘Islamophobia,’” December 11, 2004.
11. Council on American-Islamic Relations, “About CAIR,” http://www.cair-net.org/asp/aboutcair.asp.
12. Pam Easton, “Terrorism Ruled Out in Oil Refinery Blast,” Associated Press, March 25, 2005.
13. SITE Institute, “Qaeda al-Jihad in the United States Claims Responsibility For Texas Refinery Bombing,” March 25, 2005; “Terror cover-up in Texas City?” WorldNetDaily.com, April 5, 2005.
14. “Terror cover-up in Texas City?” WorldNetDaily.com, April 5, 2005.
15. “Multiple blasts struck refinery,” Associated Press, April 29, 2005.
16. Uriel Heilman, “Murder on the Brooklyn Bridge,” Middle East Quarterly, Summer 2001.
17. Daniel Pipes, “Denying Terrorism,” New York Sun, February 8, 2005.
18. “Gunman shoots 7, kills self at Empire State Building,” CNN, February 24, 1997.
19. Pipes, “Denying Terrorism.”
20. Daniel Pipes, “Terror & Denial,” New York Post, July 9, 2002.
21. Michelle Malkin, “Lee Malvo, Muslim hatemonger,” Townhall.com, December 10, 2003.
22. Andrew Tilghman, “Saudi pleads guilty to killing Jewish friend in Houston,” Houston Chronicle, January 12, 2004.
23. Pipes, “Denying Terrorism.”
Chapter 17:
Criticizing Islam May Be Hazardous to Your Health
1. E-mail to author, March 31, 2005.
2. Dana Parsons, “‘24’s’ Latest Plot Twist Pains Some Muslims,” Los Angeles Times, January 12, 2005.
3. Adam Wild Aba, “Fox Features ‘Muslim Terrorists’ in ‘24’ Drama,” IslamOnline, January 10, 2005.
4. “Muslim-rights voice indicted in jihad plot,” WorldNetDaily.com, July 9, 2003.
5. Joe Kaufman, “A Night of Hamas ‘Heroes,’” FrontPageMagazine.com, March 8, 2004.
6. “Religious Hate Law: A Threat to Free Speech?” Barnabas Fund, April 6, 2005. http://www.barnabasfund.org/news/itrhc/about_itrhc.htm.
7. Michael Higgins, “Summary of Reasons for Decision,” Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal, Human Rights Division, December 17, 2004.
8. Mark Durie, “Daniel Scot’s (in) credible testimony,” jihadwatch.org., February 1, 2005.
9. Patrick Goodenough, “Verdict in ‘Vilifying Islam’ Case Exposes Christian Fault Lines,” CNSNews.com, December 20, 2004.
10. Toby Sterling, “Dutch Filmmaker Theo Van Gogh Murdered,” Associated Press, November 2, 2004.
11. “Dutch Filmmaker Killed, Muslims Condemn,” IslamOnline.net, November 2, 2004.
12. Sterling, “Dutch Filmmaker Theo Van Gogh Murdered.”
13. Andrew Osborn, “‘I shot Fortuyn for Dutch Muslims,’ says accused,” Guardian, March 28, 2003.
14. Bukhari, vol. 9, book 88, no. 6922.
15. “Thousands remember slain van Gogh,” BBCNews, November 2, 2004.
16. Ashok K. Behuria, “It is Election Time…,” Asian Affairs, October 2002.
17. Amy Doolittle, “Muslim peril in a new faith,” Washington Times, September 6, 2004.
18. Bukhari, vol. 9, book 88, no. 6922.
Chapter 18:
The Crusade We Must Fight Today
1. Daniel Williams and Alan Cooperman, “Vatican Is Rethinking Relations With Islam,” Washington Post, April 15, 2005.
2. “Europa wird am Ende des Jahrhunderts islamisch sein,” Die Welt, July 28, 2004.
3. Steve Harrigan, “Swedes Reach Muslim Breaking Point,” FOX News, November 26, 2004.
4. “100 percent immigrants at Danish school,” DR Nyheder, September 9, 2004.
5. “Islam part of core curriculum in Danish schools,” DR Nyheder, September 13, 2004.
6. “Bin Laden backer on his way to Oslo,” Aftenposten, August 9, 2004.
7. “Qazi Hussain Ahmed refused to comment on capital punishment on blasphemy and homosexuality during visit to Norway,” Pakistan Christian Post, September 9, 2004.
8. “Secret arrests as Dutch terror threat ‘worse than thought,’” Expatica, September 14, 2004.
9. “Row as Muslim prisoners take on governors,” Expatica, September 9, 2004; Giles Tremlett, “Spanish jail wing ‘run by inmates,’” Guardian, September 10, 2004.
10. Bat Ye’or, “How Europe Became Eurabia,” FrontPageMagazine.com, July 27, 2004.
11. Sayyid Abul A’la Maududi [here, Mawdudi], Towards Understanding the Qur’an, Zafar Ishaq Ansari, trans., The Islamic Foundation, revised edition, 1999. Vol. 3, 202.
12. Bukhari, vol. 1, book 2, no. 13.
13. Warren Vieth and Edwin Chen, “Bush touts technology to help solve energy troubles,” Los Angeles Times, April 28, 2005.
14. Régine Pernoud, Those Terrible Middle Ages! Debunking the Myths, Anne Englund Nash, trans., (Fort Collins, CO: Ignatius Press, 2000), 135.
15. Mahmood Mamdani, “Inventing political violence,” Global Agenda, 2005.