Entries are grouped thematically and by order of appearance. Page numbers in parentheses refer to the page on which a quote being cited appears.
PREFACE
Kevin Leahy et al., “The Staffordshire (Ogley Hay) hoard: Recovery of a treasure.” Antiquity 85 (2011): 202-220.
THE COMING OF THE SAXONS
Gildas, On the Ruin of Britain, trans. J. A. Giles. Serenity Publishers, 2009.
Nennius, The History of the Britons, Attributed to Nennius, trans. Richard Rowley. Llanerch Press, 2005.
Julius Caesar, Gallic Wars, Books 4 and 5 in Caesar’s Commentaries on the Gallic and Civil Wars, trans. W. A. McDevitte and W. S. Bohn. BiblioBazaar, 2009. (p. 22)
Tacitus, The Agricola and Germanic of Tacitus: With a Revised Text, English Notes and Maps (Nabu Press, 2010) (p. 24)
Bede, The Ecclesiastical History of the English People, ed. Judith McClure and Roger Collins. Oxford University Press, 2008.
These more obscure primary sources are also quoted in the text:
Procopius, De Bello Gothico, 8.20.6-10 in History of the Wars. Loeb Classical Library, 1928. (p. 49)
Cassius Dio, Roman History, Books 39, 40, 60, 62. Loeb Classical Library, 1914, 1925.
Strabo, The Geography of Strabo, Book IV. 5.2c. Loeb Classical Library, 1923.
Ammianus Marcellinus, Res Gestae, Book 26.4. Loeb Classical Library, 1950.
The Confession of Saint Patrick and Letter to Coroticus, trans. John Skinner. Image, 1998.
Constantine of Lyons, “The Life of Saint Germanus of Auxerre,” in Thomas Noble and Thomas Head, eds., Soldiers of Christ: Saints and Saints’ Lives from Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages. Pennsylvania State University, 1994.
Zosimus, New History, VI.5.2-3. Green and Chaplin, 1814.
Suetonius, “The Deified Julius,” in Lives of the Caesars. Loeb Classical Texts, 1998.
“Gallic Chronicle,” in Steven Muhlberger, The Fifth-Century Chroniclers: Prosper, Hydatius, and the Gallic Chronicler of 452. Francis Cairns Publications Ltd, 1990.
Dominic Powlesland, “Early Anglo Saxon Settlements, Structures, Farms and Layout,” in John Hines, ed., The Anglo-Saxons From the Migration Period to the Eighth Century. Boydell, 1997, 101-124.
Barry Cunliffe, Iron Age Britain. English Heritage, 2004.
Richard Hobbs and Ralph Jackson, Roman Britain. British Museum Press, 2010.
Guy de la Bédoyère, Roman Towns in Britain. English Heritage, 1992.
Paul Bidwell, Roman Forts in Britain. The History Press, 2007.
Robin Birley, Vindolanda: A Roman Frontier Fort on Hadrian’s Wall. Amberley, 2009.
Kenneth Dark, Britain and the End of the Roman Empire. Tempus, 2002.
A. S. Esmonde Cleary, The Ending of Roman Britain. Routledge, 2000.
Thomas Green, Concepts of Arthur. Tempus, 2007.
Michael Wood, In Search of the Dark Ages, rev. ed. Checkmark Books, 2001.
Nick Higham, “From Sub-Roman Britain to Anglo-Saxon England: Debating the Insular Dark Ages,” History Compass 2 (2004): 1-29.
Christine Haughton and Dominic Powlesland, West Heslerton: The Anglian Cemetery. Landscape Research Centre Ltd, 1999.
The Anglo-Saxons From the Migration Period to the Eighth Century: An Ethnographic Perspective, ed. John Hines. Boydell Press, 2003.
James Campbell, Eric John, and Patrick Wormald, The Anglo-Saxons. Penguin History, 1991.
Dorothy Whitelock, The Beginnings of English Society, rev. ed. Penguin, 1987.
Samantha Glasswell, The Earliest English. Tempus, 2002.
Sally Crawford, Anglo-Saxon Britain: 400-790. Shire Living Histories, 2011.
Heinrich Härke, “ ‘Warrior Graves’? The Background of the Anglo-Saxon Weapon Burial Rite.” Past & Present, no. 126 (February 1990): 22-43.
Kevin Leahy, The Anglo-Saxon Kingdom of Lindsey. Tempus, 2007. (p. 46)
D. Hooke, The Landscape of Anglo-Saxon England. Leicester University Press, 1998.
KILLING WEAPONS
The Anglo Saxon Chronicle, trans. and ed. Michael Swanton, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1997.
Sidonius Apollinaris, The Letters of Sidonius, Book IV. 20, trans. O. M. Dalton. Oxford Clarendon Press, 1915.
Tacitus, Agricola and Germania, trans. Harold Mattingly, ed. J. Rives. Penguin Classics, 2010.
Bede, The Ecclesiastical History of the English People, ed. Judith McClure and Roger Collins. Oxford University Press, 2008.
Flavius Vegetius Renatus, On Roman Military Matters, trans. John Clarke. Forgotten Books, 2008.
Beowulf, trans. Seamus Heaney. W. W. Norton, 2000. (p. 76)
The Anglo-Saxon World: An Anthology, trans. Kevin Crossley-Holland. Oxford University Press, 2009.
Norse poem quoted from Dorothy Whitelock, The Beginnings of English Society. Penguin, 1956. (p. 73)
Dorothy Whitelock, English Historical Documents c. 500-1042. Oxford University Press, 1968.
Samantha Glasswell, The Earliest English. Tempus, 2002.
Sally Crawford, Anglo-Saxon Britain: 400-790. Shire Living Histories, 2011.
Richard Abels, Lordship and Military Obligation in Anglo-Saxon England. University of California Press, 1988.
Rosamond Faith, The English Peasantry and the Growth of Lordship. Leicester University Press, 1999.
Leslie Alcock, Economy, Society and Warfare Among the Britons and Saxons 400-800 A.D. University of Wales Press, 1987.
Guy Halsall, Warfare and Society in the Barbarian West, 450-900. Routledge, 2003.
S. C. Hawkes, ed., Weapons and Warfare in Anglo-Saxon England. Oxford University Committee for Archaeology, 1989. See especially S. J. Wenham, “Anatomical Interpretations of Anglo-Saxon Weapon Injuries,” (this page-this page), and Hilda Ellis Davidson, “The Training of Warriors,” Weapons and Warfare in Anglo-Saxon England.
Hilda Davidson, The Sword in Anglo-Saxon England: Its Archaeology and Literature. Boydell Press, 1998. (pp. 66, 72)
Kevin Leahy, Anglo-Saxon Crafts. Tempus, 2003.
Heinrich Härke, “ ‘Warrior Graves’? The Background of the Anglo-Saxon Weapon Burial Rite,” Past & Present, no. 126 (February 1990): 22-43.
Mary Gerstein, “Germanic Warg: The Outlaw as Werwolf” in Gerald James Larson, C. Scott Littleton, and Jaan Puhvel eds., Myth in Indo-European Antiquity. University of California Press, 1974, 131-56.
Angela Care Evans, The Sutton Hoo Ship Burial, rev. ed. British Museum Press, 2008.
Stephen Pollington, Anglo-Saxon Burial Mounds. Anglo-Saxon Books, 2008.
Sally Crawford, “Votive deposition, religion and the Anglo-Saxon furnished burial ritual.” World Archaeology, 36 (1) (2004): 87-102.
R. Merrifield, The Archaeology of Ritual and Magic. New Amsterdam Books, 1988.
THE BATTLE FOR THE SOUL
Julius Caesar, Gallic Wars, Books 4 and 5 in Caesar’s Commentaries on the Gallic and Civil Wars, trans. W. A. McDevitte and W. S. Bohn. BiblioBazaar, 2009.
Pliny the Elder, Natural History, Book XVI.95. Loeb Classical Library, 1960.
Lucan, The Civil War (Pharsalia). Harvard University Press, 1928, reprinted 1997, Loeb Classical Library. (p. 94)
Cosette Faust and Stith Thompson “The Ruin” in Old English Poems. Scott, Foresman and Company, 1918. (p. 100)
Lactantius, De Mortibus Persecutorum (On the Deaths of the Persecutors), 44.5, trans. J. Creed. Oxford University Press, 1985.
Tacitus, Agricola and Germania, trans. Harold Mattingly. Penguin Classics, 2010.
Bede, The Ecclesiastical History of the English People, ed. Judith McClure and Roger Collins. Oxford World Classics, 2008. (p. 102)
The Norse Myths, trans. Kevin Crossley-Holland. Pantheon, 1981. The Earliest English Poems, trans. Michael Alexander. Penguin, 1991.
Anglo-Saxon Spirituality: Selected Writings, trans. Robert Boenig. Paulist Press, 2001.
Barry Cunliffe, The Ancient Celts. Penguin Books, 1997.
Peter Berresford Ellis, A Brief History of the Druids. Running Press, 2002.
Ronald Hutton, The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles: Their Nature and Legacy. Wiley-Blackwell, 1993.
H. R. Ellis Davidson, Gods and Myths of Northern Europe. Penguin Books, 1965.
David Wilson, Anglo-Saxon Paganism. Routledge, 1992.
Jody Joy, Lindow Man. British Museum Press, 2009.
Albany F. Major, “Ship Burials in Scandinavian Lands and the Beliefs That Underlie Them,” Folk-Lore; Transactions of the Folk-Lore Society xxxv, no. 2 (June 1924): 113-150.
H. Mayr-Harting, The Coming of Christianity to Anglo-Saxon England, 3rd ed. Pennsylvania State University Press, 1991.
Paul Cavill, Anglo-Saxon Christianity. Fount, 1999.
John Blair, The Church in Anglo-Saxon Society. Oxford University Press, 2006.
Sarah Foot, Monastic Life in Anglo-Saxon England, c. 600-900. Cambridge University Press, 2006.
Benedicta Ward, A True Easter: The Synod of Whitby 664 AD. Cistercian Publications, 2008.
Gale R. Owen, Rites and Religions of the Anglo-Saxons. Barnes and Noble, 1997.
Bill Griffiths, Aspects of Anglo-Saxon Magic, rev. ed. Anglo-Saxon Books, 2006. (p. 105)
Stephen Pollington, Leechcraft: Early English Charms, Plantlore and Healing. Anglo-Saxon Books, 2008.
Karen Louise Jolly, Popular Religion in Late Saxon England: Elf Charms in Context. University of North Carolina Press, 1996. (p. 87)
THE LANGUAGE OF MIDDLE EARTH
Julius Caesar, Gallic Wars, Book 6 in Caesar’s Commentaries on the Gallic and Civil Wars, trans. W. A. McDevitte and W. S. Bohn. BiblioBazaar, 2009.
Tacitus, Agricola and Germania, trans. Harold Mattingly. Penguin Classics, 2010.
The Norse Myths, Kevin Crossley-Holland, trans. Pantheon, 1981.
Beowulf, trans. Seamus Heaney. W. W. Norton, 2000.
The Anglo-Saxon World: An Anthology, trans. Kevin Crossley-Holland. Oxford University Press, 2009. (pp. 126, 129, 139, 144)
Cosette Faust and Stith Thompson, “Caedmon’s Hymn” in Old English Poems. Scott, Foresman and Company, 1918. (p. 131)
Cosette Faust and Stith Thompson “Wife’s Lament” in Old English Poems. Scott, Foresman and Company, 1918. (p. 139)
The Earliest English Poems, trans. Michael Alexander. Penguin, 1992.
The Cambridge Introduction to Anglo-Saxon Literature, ed. Hugh Magennis. Cambridge University Press, 2011.
Bede, The Ecclesiastical History of the English People, ed. Judith McClure and Roger Collins. Oxford University Press, 2008.
Alfred the Great: Asser’s Life of King Alfred and Other Contemporary Sources, trans. Simon Keynes. Penguin Classics, 1984.
Douglas Dales, Mind Intent on God: The Prayers and Spiritual Writings of Alcuin. Canterbury Press, 2004.
Christopher A. Jones, Aelfric’s Letter to the Monks of Eynsham. Cambridge University Press, 2007.
Felix’s Life of Saint Guthlac, trans. Bertram Colgrave. Cambridge University Press, 1985.
Two Lives of Saint Cuthbert, trans. Bertram Colgrave. Cambridge University Press, 1985.
Bill Griffiths, Aspects of Anglo-Saxon Magic, rev. ed. Anglo-Saxon Books, 2006.
Brandon Hawk, “Staffordshire Hoard Item Number 550, A Ward Against Evil,” Notes and Queries 58 (June 2011): 1-3.
Michael Hunter, “Germanic and Roman antiquity and the sense of the past in Anglo-Saxon England,” Anglo-Saxon England 3 (1974): 29-50.
Bruce Mitchell, An Invitation to Old English and Anglo-Saxon England. Wiley-Blackwell, 1994.
Michelle P. Brown, The Lindisfarne Gospels: Society, Spirituality, and the Scribe. University of Toronto Press, 2003.
Benjamin Merkle, The White Horse King: The Life of Alfred the Great. Thomas Nelson, 2009.
Clinton Albertson, Anglo-Saxon Saints and Heroes. Fordham University Press, 1967.
GOLD IN THE GROUND
The Anglo-Saxon World: An Anthology, trans. Kevin Crossley-Holland. Oxford University Press, 2009, 143. (p. 148)
Beowulf, trans. Seamus Heaney. W. W. Norton, 2000, vv. 3043ff. (p. 183)
Bede, The Ecclesiastical History of the English People, Book III, edited by Judith McClure and Roger Collins. Oxford University Press, 2008. (pp. 152, 169-170)
The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, trans. and ed. Michael Swanton, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1997.
Jenny Rowland, Early Welsh Saga Poetry: A Study and Edition of the Englynion. D. S. Brewer, 1990. (pp. 170, 174)
Peter Ellis, Wall Roman Site. English Heritage, 2004.
Place-names, Language and the Anglo-Saxon Landscape, ed. Nicholas Higham and Martin Ryan. Boydell Press, 2011.
Barbara Yorke, Kings and Kingdoms of Early Anglo-Saxon England. Routledge, 1997.
Michelle Brown and Carol Farr, Mercia. Continuum, 2005.
Ian Walker, Mercia and the Making of England. Tempus, 2000.
A History of Staffordshire, ed. M. W. Greenslade and D. G. Stuart, 2nd ed. Phillimore and Company, 1998.
Papers from The Staffordshire Hoard Symposium, posted by the Portable Antiquities Scheme, www.finds.org.uk/staffshoardsymposium.
Charlotte Behr, “The Symbolic Nature of Gold in Magical and Religious Contexts.”
Nicholas Brooks, “The Staffordshire Hoard and the Mercian Royal Court.”
Benjamin Gearey, “The Potential of Environmental Archaeology and Geoarchaeology at the Site of the Staffordshire Hoard.”
Della Hooke, “The Landscape of the Staffordshire Hoard.”
Mattias Jacobsson, “Some Place-Names in the Immediate Area of the Staffordshire Hoard.”
Simon Keynes, “The Staffordshire Hoard and Mercian Power.”
Kevin Leahy, “The Contents of the Hoard.”
Dr. Karen Høiland Nielsen, “Style II and all that: the potential of the hoard for statistical study of chronology and geographical distributions.”
Kevin Leahy, Anglo-Saxon Crafts. Tempus, 2003.
G. Speake, Anglo-Saxon Animal Art and its Germanic Background. Oxford University Press, 1980.
Patrick Périn, Thomas Calligaro et al., “Provenancing Merovingian garnets by PIXE and µ-Raman Spectrometry,” in Joachim Hennings, ed., Post-Roman Trade and Settlement in Europe and Byzantium: The Heirs of the Roman West. Walter de Gruyter, 2007, 69-75.
Mircea Eliade, The Forge and the Crucible: The Origins and Structures of Alchemy. University of Chicago Press, 1979.
K. R. Crocker, “The Lame Smith: Parallel Features in the Myths of the Greek Hephaestus and the Teutonic Wayland,” Archaeological News VI (1977): 67-71.
THE LAST BATTLE
Beowulf, trans. Seamus Heaney. W. W. Norton, 2000. (p. 208)
The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, trans. and ed. Michael Swanton. Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1997.
Raymond Chambers, Widsith: A Study in Old English Heroic Legend. University of Toronto Libraries, 2011.
The Anglo-Saxon World: An Anthology, trans. Kevin Crossley-Holland. Oxford University Press, 2009.
Michael Wood, In Search of the Dark Ages, rev. ed. Checkmark Books, 2001.
Michael Hunter, “Germanic and Roman antiquity and the sense of the past in Anglo-Saxon England,” Anglo-Saxon England 3 (1974): 29-50.
Sarah Foot, “The Making of Angelcynn: English Identity Before the Norman Conquest,” Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 6, 6th series (1996): pp. 25–49.
Richard Abels, Alfred the Great: War, Culture and Kingship in Anglo-Saxon England. Longman, 1998.
Ryan Lavelle, Fortifications in Wessex c. 800-1066. Osprey Publishing, 2003.
Andrew Reynolds, Later Anglo-Saxon England: Life & Landscape. Tempus, 2002.
Alan Vince, Saxon London: An Archaeological Investigation. Batsford Ltd, 1990.
Robert Ferguson, The Vikings: A History. Penguin, 2010.
Julian Richards, Viking Age England, 2nd ed. Tempus, 2004.
Robert Lacey and Danny Danziger, The Year 1000: What Life Was Like at the Turn of the First Millennium, An Englishman’s World. Back Bay Books, 2000.
David Howarth, 1066: The Year of the Conquest. Penguin, 1981.