Appendix I
Dates for sites in Rome during the fascist period are for completion or opening unless otherwise noted.
|
1860-70 |
Italian Unification |
|
1860-61 |
Garibaldi’s Thousand conquer Sicily and southern Italy; proclamation of the kingdom of Italy |
|
1870 |
Italy takes Rome from Pius IX and declares it the nation’s capital |
|
1883 |
Birth of Benito Mussolini |
|
1912 |
Mussolini, a member of the Socialist party, becomes editor of the party’s newspaper, Avanti! |
|
1914 |
World War I begins; Italy remains neutral |
|
Mussolini advocates intervention and is expelled from the Socialist party; he founds the newspaper, Il Popolo d’Italia |
|
|
1915 |
Italy enters the war on the side of the Triple Entente: Great Britain, France, and Russia |
|
1918 |
End of the War |
|
1919 |
Mussolini founds the fascist movement in Milan |
|
1922 |
March on Rome; King appoints Mussolini prime minister |
|
1924 |
Murder of socialist deputy Giacomo Matteotti |
|
1926 |
Mussolini establishes a one-party state |
|
1926 |
Organization of the Balilla youth organization |
|
1928 |
Cornerstone laid for the Foro Mussolini |
|
Casa Madre dei Mutilati |
|
|
Land reclamation of Agro Pontino begins |
|
|
Ministry of the Navy |
|
|
1929 |
Mussolini moves his office to the Palazzo Venezia |
|
Ponte Littorio |
|
|
Largo Argentina |
|
|
1930 |
First stretch of Via del Mare opened; isolation of Theater of Marcellus |
|
1931 |
Ministry of the Air Force |
|
Widening of Via Navicella on Celio Hill |
|
|
Piano Regolatore issued |
|
|
1932 |
Opening of Parco Colle Oppio |
|
Garibaldi celebrations: Garibaldian Exhibit, monument to Anita Garibaldi |
|
|
Decennale, tenth anniversary of the March on Rome |
|
|
Exhibition of the Fascist Revolution, the Mostra della Rivoluzione Fascista |
|
|
Opening of the Via dell’Impero |
|
|
Opening of obelisk and first buildings at Foro Mussolini |
|
|
Monument and museum of the Bersagliere, Porta Pia |
|
|
Ministry of Corporations |
|
|
New town of Littoria in the Agro Pontino |
|
|
1933 |
Via dei Trionfi |
|
Opening of new school on Via Vetulonia |
|
|
1934 |
Widening of Viale Aventino |
|
New town of Sabaudia in the Agro Pontino |
|
|
Post office at Ostia |
|
|
Via del Circo Massimo and the clearing of the Circus Maximus |
|
|
Four maps of the Roman Empire on Via dell’Impero |
|
|
Mostra della Rivoluzione Fascista closes |
|
|
New town of Pontinia in the Agro Pontino |
|
|
Church of Cristo Re, Viale Mazzini |
|
|
1935 |
Città Universitaria, University City |
|
Post offices: Via Marmorata, Piazza Bologna, Via Taranto, Viale Mazzini |
|
|
Gioventù Italiano del Littorio (GIL) building, Aventine Hill |
|
|
1936 |
Conquest of Ethiopia and Declaration of the new empire |
|
Rome-Berlin Axis |
|
|
Spanish Civil War begins |
|
|
Gioventù Italiana del Littorio (GIL) Building, Trastevere |
|
|
Case delle Armi, Foro Mussolini |
|
|
Via della Conciliazione project begins |
|
|
Fifth map of the fascist empire on Via dell’Impero |
|
|
Parco Traiano |
|
|
1937 |
Cinecittà |
|
Liceo Giulio Cesare |
|
|
Groundbreaking for E’42 |
|
|
Mostra delle Colonie Estive, Circus Maximus |
|
|
Second Mostra della Rivoluzione Fascista |
|
|
Mostra Augustea della Romanità |
|
|
Mussolini visits Germany |
|
|
Addition to Casa Madre dei Mutilati |
|
|
Obelisk of Axum |
|
|
New town of Aprilia in the Agro Pontino |
|
|
Mostra Tessile Nazionale, Circus Maximus |
|
|
Stadio Olimpico, Foro Mussolini |
|
|
1938 |
Groundbreaking for Casa Littoria, Foro Mussolini |
|
Hitler annexes Austria |
|
|
Stazione Ostiense |
|
|
Hitler’s Visit to Rome |
|
|
Work begins on the subway, the Metropolitana to E’42 |
|
|
Munich Conference |
|
|
Work begins on Ponte XXVIII Ottobre |
|
|
Office buildings on the Via del Mare |
|
|
Mostra del Dopolavoro, Circus Maximus |
|
|
Work begins on new Stazione Termini |
|
|
Contest for Ministero dell’Africa Italiana |
|
|
1939 |
Luce building |
|
Mostra Autarchica del Minerale Italiano, Circus Maximus |
|
|
Parco Cestio |
|
|
Germany invades Poland; Italy remains neutral |
|
|
1940 |
Italy enters the war |
|
1942 |
Variante generale del Piano Regolatore |
|
Ponte Principe Amedeo Savoia Aosta |
|
|
Third version of Mostra della Rivoluzione Fascista |
|
|
Battle of El Alamein |
|
|
1943 |
Allies bomb Rome |
|
Mussolini overthrown |
|
|
Armistice; Germans occupy Rome |
|
|
Germans rescue Mussolini |
|
|
Organization of Repubblica Sociale Italiana, or “Salò Republic” |
|
|
1944 |
Via Rasella action by resistance |
|
Executions at Fosse Ardeatine |
|
|
Allies liberate Rome |
|
|
1945 |
Execution of Mussolini by partisans |
|
War ends in Italy |
|
|
1946 |
Referendum votes down monarchy |
|
1948 |
New constitution, Italian Republic |