Notes

In order to reduce end-notes I have not cited some basic texts in each instance that I have referred to them. Two such volumes of general applicability are R. Mantran (ed.), Histoire de l’empire ottoman and Michael Cook (ed.), A History of the Ottoman Empire to 1730. When writing of the first century and a half of the empire I have rarely cited D. Nicol, The Last Centuries of Byzantium, 1261–1453 and Colin Imber, The Ottoman Empire 1300–1481, both of which I have used extensively; similarly, M. Balivet’s Islam mystique et révolution armée dans les Balkans ottomans and A. Y. Ocak’s Zındıklar ve Mülhidler were indispensable for the religious currents of that time. Kenneth Setton’s The Papacy and the Levant (1204–1571) provided invaluable European and Mediterranean factual background up to 1600, complementing Andrew Hess’s ‘The Evolution of the Ottoman Seaborne Empire’ and ‘The Ottoman Conquest of Egypt’, and Setton’s Venice, Austria, and the Turks continues the story up to 1700. I have constantly referred to but infrequently cited Leslie Peirce’s The Imperial Harem: Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire. Frank Sysyn was kind enough to allow me to use his typescript ‘The Great Ukrainian Revolt’ for Cossack history of the mid-seventeenth century. Stanford Shaw,Between Old and New, provided a narrative line for the late eighteenth to early nineteenth centuries, and for the final chapters I took as my basic texts M. S. Anderson, The Eastern Question, 1774–1923, Malcolm Yapp, The Making of the Modern Near East, 1792–1923, Paul Dumont, ‘La période des Tanzimât (1839–1878)’ and François Georgeon, ‘Le dernier sursaut’. Elsewhere, I have tried to indicate my sources clearly, and despite the numerous anomalies in modern Turkish spelling and transliteration in particular, have endeavoured to preserve the original orthography of each source in the end-notes and bibliography.

Chapter One: First among equals

    1. Lindner, Nomads and Ottomans 37

    2. Martinez, ‘Bullionistic Imperialism’ 173

    3. İnalcık, ‘Osman Ghazi’s Siege’ 77ff

    4. Wittek, The Rise of the Ottoman Empire

    5. Mélikoff, art. Germiyān-oghulları, EI2 II.989

    6. Uzunçarşılıoğlu, Anadolu Beylikleri 3

    7. Yavaş, art. Eşrefoğlu Camii İA2 11.479–80

    8. Varlık, Germiyan-oğulları Tarihi 31–2

    9. Konyalı, Âbideleri ve Kitâbeleri 706–8

  10. Ayverdi,. . . Osmanlı Mi’mârîsinin İlk Devri 167

  11. Artuk, ‘Osmanlı Beyliğinin Kurucusu’ 27ff

  12. Pamuk, A Monetary History 30–31

  13. Lefort, ‘Tableau de la Bithynie’ 101ff

  14. İnalcık, ‘Osman Ghazi’s Siege’ 77ff

  15. Lindner, Nomads and Ottomans 26–7

  16. Oikonomides, ‘The Turks in Europe’ 159ff

  17. Kafadar, Between Two Worlds 61

  18. Uzunçarşılı, ‘Gazi Orhan Bey vakfiyesi’ 277ff

  19. Ayverdi,. . . Osmanlı Mi’mârîsinin İlk Devri 18–20

  20. Lowry, The Nature of the Early Ottoman State 72–8

  21. Barkan, ‘Osmanlı İmparatorluğunda Bir iskan’ 279ff; Aktepe, ‘. . . Rumeli’nin türkler’ 299ff

  22. Beldiceanu-Steinherr, ‘Le règne de Selīm Ier’ 37; Eyice, ‘. . . Dinî – İçtimaî Bir Müessesesi’ 3ff

  23. Kiel, ‘Observations on the History’ 426–8; Kiel, ‘The Oldest Monuments’ 127–33, 138a

  24. Uzunçarşılı, ‘Gazi Orhan Bey vakfiyesi’ 280–81

  25. Kafadar, Between Two Worlds 76

  26. Mantran, ‘De la titulature’ 208–9

  27. Imber, ‘What Does Ghazi Actually Mean?’ 165ff

  28. Lowry, The Nature of the Early Ottoman State 43

  29. Lowry, The Nature of the Early Ottoman State 57, 95–6, 102

  30. Kafadar, Between Two Worlds 67–71

  31. Philippidis-Braat, ‘La captivité de Palamas’ 204–6

  32. Lowry, The Nature of the Early Ottoman State 115–30

  33. Imber, ‘The Ottoman Dynastic Myth’ 7ff

  34. Flemming, ‘Political Genealogies’ 123ff

  35. Lowry, The Nature of the Early Ottoman State 78–9

  36. İnalcık, ‘How to Read ‘Ashik Pasha-Zāde’s History’ 148–9, 153

  37. Ayverdi,. . . Osmanlı Mi’mârîsinin İlk Devri 2–3, 14

  38. Deringil, The Well-Protected Domains 31–2

  39. İnalcık, ‘Osman Ghazi’s Siege’ 90–91; İnalcık, art. Bursa EI2 I.1333–4

  40. ibn Battūta, The Travels of ibn Battūta 2.450

  41. Peirce, The Imperial Harem 51, 300

  42. ibn Battūta, The Travels of ibn Battūta 2.453

  43. Zachariadou, ‘The Emirate of Karasi’ 225ff

  44. Luttrell, ‘Latin Responses’ 121

  45. İnalcık, ‘The Rise of the Turcoman’ 316–19

  46. Bryer, ‘Greek Historians’ 471ff

  47. Zachariadou, ‘Histoires et légendes’ 53–4

  48. Luttrell, ‘Latin Responses’ 122

  49. Luttrell, ‘Latin Responses’ 122–3

  50. Oikonomides, ‘From Soldiers of Fortune’ 239ff

  51. Zachariadou, ‘The Emirate of Karasi’ 233–4

  52. Zachariadou, ‘Natural Disasters’ 8–11

  53. Ayverdi,. . . Osmanlı Mi’mârîsinin İlk Devri 45–8

  54. Konyalı, Ankara Camileri 13–14

  55. Mantran, ‘De la titulature’ 209–10

  56. Ayverdi,. . . Osmanlı Mi’mârîsinin İlk Devri 18–216

  57. Lowry, The Nature of the Early Ottoman State 58–66

  58. Mélikoff, art. Ewrenos Oghulları, EI2 II.720

  59. Kiel, ‘The Oldest Monuments’ 117ff; Kiel, ‘Observations on the History’ 426–8; Kiel, ‘Yenice-i Vardar’ 300ff

  60. Charanis, ‘The Strife among the Palaeologi and the Ottoman Turks’ 294–305

  61. Kiel, ‘Observations on the History’ 429–32

  62. Ménage, art. Djandarlı EI2 II.444

  63. Reinert, ‘From Niš to Kosovo Polje’ 184, 191–4, 206, 209–11; Kiel, ‘Mevlana Neşrī’ 167–8

  64. Reinert, ‘From Niš to Kosovo Polje’ 205–6

  65. Reinert, ‘A Byzantine Source’ 252, 253

  66. Luttrell, ‘Latin Responses’ 134

  67. Reinert, ‘A Byzantine Source’ 269–72

Chapter Two: A dynasty divided

    1. Peirce, The Imperial Harem 29

    2. Lowry, The Nature of the Early Ottoman State 141–2

    3. Zachariadou, ‘From Avlonya to Antalya’ 231

    4. Peirce, The Imperial Harem 40

    5. Dennis, The Letters of Manuel II Palaeologus 44–6

    6. Barker, Manuel II Palaeologus 112

    7. Chrysostomides, Manuel II Palaeologus 136

    8. Zachariadou, ‘Marginalia on the History of Epirus and Albania’ 195ff; Loenertz, ‘Pour l’histoire du Péloponnèse’ 186–96

    9. İnalcık, review of Barker, Manuel II Palaeologus 277–8

  10. Fodor, ‘The View of the Turk’ 71–127

  11. Housley, The Later Crusades 74–7

  12. Schiltberger, The Bondage and Travels 5–6

  13. Setton, The Papacy and the Levant I.359–69

  14. Schiltberger, The Bondage and Travels 8

  15. Rypka, art. Burhān al-Dīn, EI2 I.1327

  16. Zachariadou, ‘Manuel II Palaeologos’ 475–6

  17. Nicol, ‘A Byzantine Emperor in England’ 214

  18. Nicol, ‘A Byzantine Emperor in England’ 204ff

  19. İnalcık, ‘Periods in Ottoman History’ 21

  20. Alexandrescu-Dersca, La campagne de Timur 35–8, 41–7

  21. Schiltberger, The Bondage and Travels 21

  22. Alexandrescu-Dersca, La campagne de Timur viii, 36, 68, 70, 112–15; Ménage, art. Devshirme, EI2 II.210–11; Imber, The Ottoman Empire 54

  23. Alexandrescu-Dersca, La campagne de Timur 129–30

  24. Schiltberger, The Bondage and Travels 21

  25. Yınanç, art. Bayezid I (Yıldırım), İA 2.386

  26. Lowry, The Nature of the Early Ottoman State 26–9

  27. Imber, ‘Paul Wittek’s “De la défaite d’Ankara”’ 73

  28. Zachariadou, ‘Süleyman çelebi in Rumili’ 269

  29. Köprülü, ‘Yıldırım Beyazid’in esareti’ 591ff

  30. Schiltberger, The Bondage and Travels 21

  31. Yinanç, art. Bayezid I (Yıldırım), İA 2.388–9

  32. Ayverdi,. . . Osmanlı Mi’mârîsinin İlk Devri 464–9

  33. Doukas, Decline and Fall 115

  34. Denny et al., Court and Conquest 6–9

  35. Uzunçarşılı, ‘Çandarlı Zâde Ali Paşa Vakfiyesi’ 559–60

  36. Necipoğlu, ‘Ottoman Merchants in Constantinople’ 158–9

  37. Zachariadou, ‘Süleyman çelebi in Rumili’ 274–83

  38. Lowry, The Nature of the Early Ottoman State 141

  39. Zachariadou, ‘Süleyman çelebi in Rumili’ 283–91

  40. Imber, art. Mūsā Čelebi EI2 VII.644–5

  41. Imber, art. Mūsā Čelebi EI2 VII.644–5

  42. İnalcık, art. Mehemmed I, EI2 VI.975

  43. Heywood, art. Mustafā, EI2 VII.710–11

  44. İnalcık, art. Mehemmed I, EI2 VII.976

  45. İnalcık, ‘The Ottoman Succession’ 57

  46. İnalcık, art. Mehemmed I, EI2 VII.976

  47. İnalcık, art. Mehemmed I, EI2 VII.976

  48. Balivet, ‘Deux partisans’ 376–7

  49. Tietze, ‘Sheykh Bali Efendi’s Report’ 115ff

  50. Göksu and Timms, Romantic Communist 127–31

  51. Doukas, Decline and Fall 132

  52. Heywood, art. Mustafā, EI2 VII.711; Heywood, ‘824/“8224” = 1421: the “False” (Düzme) Mustafa’ 165

  53. Heywood, art. Mustafā, EI2 VII.711

  54. Heywood, art. Mustafā, EI2 VII.712–13

  55. İnalcık, ‘The Ottoman Succession’ 60

  56. Kafadar, ‘Osmān Beg and his Uncle’ 157ff

  57. Ayverdi,. . . Osmanlı Mi’mârîsinin İlk Devri 49–56, 104, 110–11

  58. Kafadar, Between Two Worlds 136

  59. İnalcık, ‘The Conquest of Edirne’ 204–5

  60. İnalcık, ‘The Ottoman Succession’, 40–41, 47

  61. Heywood, ‘824/“8224” = 1421: the “False” (Düzme) Mustafa’ 174

  62. Imber, The Ottoman Empire 98

  63. Vryonis, ‘The Ottoman Conquest of Thessaloniki’ 281ff; Kiel, ‘Notes on the History’ 124–7

  64. İnalcık, Hicrî 835 Tarihli

  65. Kiel, Ottoman Architecture in Albania 18–19

  66. Sümer, art. Karāmān-oghulları EI2 IV.624

  67. İnalcık, ‘The Ottoman Succession’ 44–6

  68. Nicol, The Immortal Emperor 23–4

  69. Setton, The Papacy and the Levant II.86

  70. İnalcık. ‘1444 Buhranı’ 1ff

  71. İnalcık, ‘Fatih Sultan Mehmed’in’ 55ff

  72. Kolodziejczyk, Ottoman–Polish Diplomatic Relations 100–109

  73. İnalcık, ‘1444 Buhranı’ 37–8

  74. İnalcık and Oğuz, Gazavât-i Sultân Murâd 37–9

  75. Pamuk, A Monetary History 40, 47–58

  76. İnalcık, ‘İstanbul’un Fethinden Önce’ 92–6

  77. İnalcık, ‘İstanbul’un Fethinden Önce’ 90–93, 96

  78. İnalcık, ‘İstanbul’un Fethinden Önce’ 105

Chapter Three: An imperial vision

    1. İnalcık, ‘İstanbul: an Islamic City’ 249

    2. İnalcık, ‘İstanbul’un Fethinden Önce’ 123

    3. Nicol, The Immortal Emperor 51–2

    4. İnalcık, ‘İstanbul’un Fethinden Önce’ 90–91

    5. İnalcık, ‘Istanbul: an Islamic City’ 249

    6. Özgüven, ‘Barut ve Tabya’ 60–77

    7. Nicol, The Immortal Emperor 57–61

    8. Tursun Bey, Târîh-i Ebü’l-Feth 55–6; Vatin, ‘Tursun Beg assista-t-il au siège’ 317ff

    9. İnalcık, ‘Eyüp Projesi’ 1–2

  10. Nicol, The Immortal Emperor 82, 92–4

  11. Doukas, Decline and Fall 232

  12. Köprülü and Uzun, art. Akşemseddin, İA2 2.300

  13. Necipoğlu, ‘The Life of an Imperial Monument’ 197, 202–4

  14. Ahmed Lûtf î Efendi, Vak’anüvîs Ahmed Lûtf î Efendi Tarihi 5.883

  15. Necipoğlu, ‘The Life of an Imperial Monument’ 211–13, 217–18, 221

  16. Malalas, The Chronicle 287

  17. Yerasimos, ‘Ağaçtan Elmaya’ 304–12

  18. Raby, ‘Mehmed the Conqueror’ 141ff, 142

  19. İnalcık, ‘Istanbul: an Islamic City’ 252

  20. Yerasimos, La fondation de Constantinople;İnalcık, ‘Istanbul: an Islamic City’ 249–50

  21. Necipoğlu, ‘Dynastic Imprints’ 2.25

  22. Yılmaz, art. Yedikule Hisarı ve Zindanı, İst. Ansik. 7.460–61

  23. İnalcık, ‘The Hub of the City’ 4, 11

  24. Necipoğlu, Architecture, Ceremonial and Power 4–6

  25. Necipoğlu, Architecture, Ceremonial and Power 242–50

  26. Necipoğlu, Architecture, Ceremonial and Power 15–22, 251

  27. Özcan, ‘Fâtih’in teşkilât kānûnnâmesi’ 29–56

  28. Necipoğlu, Architecture, Ceremonial and Power 22

  29. Necipoğlu, Architecture, Ceremonial and Power 212–17

  30. Kafescioğlu, ‘Heavenly and Unblessed’ 212

  31. Lowry, ‘“From Lesser Wars”’ 325

  32. İnalcık, ‘The Policy of Mehmed II’ 237–8

  33. İnalcık, art. Istanbul, EI2 IV.238–9

  34. İnalcık, ‘The Policy of Mehmed II’ 237

  35. İnalcık, art. Istanbul, EI2 IV.230–33

  36. İnalcık, ‘Ottoman Galata’ 280–82

  37. Mitler, ‘The Genoese in Galata’ 74

  38. Words by Jimmy Kennedy; music by Nat Simon

  39. Housley, The Later Crusades 99ff

  40. Ostapchuk, ‘The Ottoman Entry’ 9

  41. Imber, The Ottoman Empire 162

  42. Fisher, The Crimean Tatars 12–14

  43. Stavrides, The Sultan of Vezirs 73–98, 108, 121–8

  44. İnalcık, ‘Mehmed the Conqueror’ 102–3

  45. Stavrides, The Sultan of Vezirs 140–43

  46. Stavrides, The Sultan of Vezirs 146–50, 157–60

  47. Babinger, Mehmed the Conqueror 222

  48. Šabanović, art. Hersek-zāde, EI2 III.340–42

  49. Peirce, The Imperial Harem 30, 294

  50. Mihalović, Memoirs of a Janissary 117–19

  51. Peirce, The Imperial Harem 30

  52. Stavrides, The Sultan of Vezirs 86–90

  53. Raby, ‘Mehmed the Conqueror’s Greek Scriptorium’ 24

  54. Setton, The Papacy and the Levant II.249–52

  55. Stavrides, The Sultan of Vezirs 155–7, 212–13

  56. İnalcık, art. Iskender Beg, EI2 IV.138–40; Kiel, Ottoman Architecture 108–37

  57. Woods, The Aqquyunlu 106

  58. Woods, The Aqquyunlu 109–14

  59. Woods, The Aqquyunlu 114

  60. Imber, The Ottoman Empire 198

  61. Woods, The Aqquyunlu 112–16, 124

  62. İnalcık, art. Mehmed II, İA 7.514

  63. Sourdel, art. Khalīfa, EI2 IV.945

  64. Woods, The Aqquyunlu 128

  65. Imber, ‘The Ottoman Dynastic Myth’ 19

  66. Imber, The Ottoman Empire 209

  67. Woods, The Aqquyunlu 120, 130

  68. Woods, The Aqquyunlu 131–4

  69. Woods, The Aqquyunlu 134, 137

  70. Kiel, art. Gedik Ahmed Paşa İA2 13.543

  71. Bostan, Osmanlı Bahriye Teşkilâtı 14

  72. İnalcık, ‘Mehmed the Conqueror’ 108

  73. Fisher, The Crimean Tatars 8–12

  74. Fisher, The Crimean Tatars 11–12

  75. Ostapchuk, ‘The Human Landscape’ 27–31

  76. Murphey, Ottoman Warfare 35; Lowry, The Nature of the Early Ottoman State 51–4

  77. Tursun Bey, Târîh-i Ebü’l-Feth 180

  78. Setton, The Papacy and the Levant II.343–5

  79. Turan, ‘Fatih’in İtalya Seferi’ 140

  80. Vatin and Veinstein, ‘La mort de Mehmed II’ 187–90

  81. Özcan, ‘Fâtih’in teşkilât kānûnnâmesi’ 46

  82. İnalcık, ‘The Ottoman State’ 218–28, 236–40

  83. İnalcık,. . . The Customs Registers of Caffa 121–4

  84. Berindei, ‘Le role des fourrures’ 89–92

  85. Fisher, ‘Muscovy and the Black Sea Slave Trade’ 31–4

  86. Ostapchuk, ‘The Human Landscape’ 23–37

  87. İnalcık, ‘The Ottoman State’ 193–4

  88. Vryonis, ‘Laonicus Chalcocondyles’ 423ff

  89. İnalcık, ‘The Ottoman State’ 88

  90. İnalcık, ‘The Ottoman State’ 120–31

  91. İnalcık, ‘The Ottoman State’ 126–7

  92. Özel, ‘Limits of the Almighty’ 242–3

  93. Pamuk, A Monetary History 48

  94. Özcan, art. Devşirme, İA2 9.255

  95. Demetriades, ‘Some Thoughts’ 29

  96. Mélikoff, art. Ewrenos Oghulları, EI2 II.721

  97. Kiel, ‘Das türkische Thessalien’ 150–51

  98. Babinger, art. Mīkhāl-oghlu, EI2 VII.34

  99. Lowry, The Nature of the Early Ottoman State 141

100. İnalcık, ‘İstanbul’un Fethinden Önce’ 124–7

101. Stavrides, The Sultan of Vezirs 63–7

102. Babinger, ‘Bajezid Osman’ 349ff

103. Kafescioğlu, ‘Heavenly and Unblessed’ 211–12, 217

104. Özcan, art. Cülûs, İA2 8.110

105. İnalcık, art. Mehmed II İA 7.512

106. de Groot, art. Mehmed Pasha Karamāni, EI2 VI.995–6

107. İnalcık, ‘Suleiman the Lawgiver’ 109

108. Özel, ‘Limits of the Almighty’ 226–7

109. Stavrides, The Sultan of Vezirs 63

110. Stavrides, The Sultan of Vezirs 63, 101, 116ff

111. Imber, The Ottoman Empire 199

112. Stavrides, The Sultan of Vezirs 329–33

113. İnalcık, ‘The Policy of Mehmed II’ 240–47

114. Stavrides, The Sultan of Vezirs 173–81; Lowry, The Nature of the Early Ottoman State 116

115. Uzunçarşılı, ‘Fatih Sultan Mehmed’in’ 719ff; cf. Stavrides, The Sultan of Vezirs 344–52

116. Sagundino, ‘Orazione al serenissimo principe’ 131–3

117. Kritovoulos, History of Mehmed the Conqueror 3

118. Kritovoulos, History of Mehmed the Conqueror 181

119. Raby, ‘Mehmed the Conqueror’s Greek Scriptorium’ 18, 21

Chapter Four: Sultan of the faithful

    1. Kappert, Die osmanischen Prinzen 19–67

    2. Vatin and Veinstein, ‘Les obsèques des sultans ottomans’ 217

    3. Vatin and Veinstein, ‘La mort de Mehmed II’ 193–9

    4. Necipoğlu-Kafadar, ‘Dynastic Imprints’ 2.26–7

    5. Kreiser, ‘Istanbul, die wahre Stadt’ 2.20

    6. Vatin, Sultan Djem 18

    7. Tansel, Sultan II. Bâyezit’in Siyasî Hayatı 25, 30–34

    8. Vatin, Sultan Djem 128

    9. Tansel, Sultan II. Bâyezit’in Siyasî Hayatı 34–5

  10. Peirce, The Imperial Harem 47

  11. Vatin, Sultan Djem 130–41

  12. Uzunçarşılı, ‘Otranto’nun zaptından sonra’ 595ff

  13. Tansel, ‘Yeni vesikalar karşısında Sultan İkinci Bayezit’ 189

  14. Vatin, Sultan Djem 30–31, 142–3

  15. Vatin, L’Ordre de Saint-Jean-de-Jérusalem 161–3

  16. Vatin, Sultan Djem 19

  17. Gibb, A History of Ottoman Poetry 2.75

  18. Vatin, L’Ordre de Saint-Jean-de Jérusalem 161–72, 174–8

  19. Gibb, A History of Ottoman Poetry 2.77

  20. Uzunçarşılı, ‘Değerli Vezir Gedik Ahmet Paşa’ 495

  21. Uzunçarşılı, ‘Otranto’nun zaptından sonra’ 595ff

  22. Vatin, Sultan Djem 25–6

  23. Vatin, ‘Itinéraires d’agents de la Porte’ 29ff

  24. Ménage, ‘The Mission of an Ottoman Secret Agent’ 118

  25. Ménage, ‘The Mission of an Ottoman Secret Agent’ 118–19, 127

  26. Vatin, L’Ordre de Saint-Jean-de-Jérusalem 209–10

  27. İnalcık, ‘A Case Study in Renaissance Diplomacy’ 211, 218–19

  28. Vatin, L’Ordre de Saint-Jean-de-Jérusalem 222

  29. Tansel, ‘Yeni vesikalar karşısında Sultan İkinci Bayezit’ 188

  30. Vatin, Sultan Djem 38, 42

  31. İnalcık, ‘A Case Study in Renaissance Diplomacy’ 212–16

  32. Vatin, Sultan Djem 49

  33. Tansel, ‘Yeni vesikalar karşısında Sultan İkinci Bayezit’ 220

  34. Vatin, Sultan Djem 206–7

  35. İnalcık, ‘A Case Study in Renaissance Diplomacy’ 223

  36. Setton, The Papacy and the Levant II.422–4

  37. İnalcık, ‘Ottoman Galata’ 325

  38. Kiel, ‘Notes on the History’ 142

  39. Housley, The Later Crusades 303–4

  40. Benbassa and Rodrigue, Sephardi Jewry 7

  41. Levy, The Sephardim in the Ottoman Empire 4, 11

  42. Setton, The Papacy and the Levant II.447–8

  43. Setton, The Papacy and the Levant II.456

  44. Setton, The Papacy and the Levant II.454–7, 467–81

  45. Imber, ‘A Note on “Christian” Preachers’ 60–64

  46. Vatin, ‘Macabre trafic’ 231ff

  47. Conway Morris, Jem

  48. Fodor and Dávid, ‘Hungarian-Ottoman Peace Negotiations’ 13–14

  49. Vatin, Sultan Djem 142

  50. Sümer, art. Karāmān-oghulları EI2 IV.624

  51. Har-El, Struggle for Domination 124–7

  52. Tekindag, ‘II. Bayezid Devrinde Cukur-Ova’da Nüfuz Mücâdelesi’ 348

  53. Tansel, Sultan II. Bâyezit’in Siyasî Hayatı 99–100

  54. Har-El, Struggle for Domination 141–2

  55. Tansel, Sultan II. Bâyezit’in Siyasî Hayatı 121–3

  56. Tekindağ, ‘II. Bayezid Devrinde Çukur-Ova’da Nüfuz Mücâdelesi’ 361–2

  57. Vatin, L’Ordre de Saint-Jean-de-Jérusalem 207–8

  58. Tekindag, ‘II. Bayezid Devrinde Çukur-Ova’da Nüfuz Mücâdelesi’ 361–8

  59. Tansel, Sultan II. Bâyezit’in Siyasî Hayatı 113–15

  60. Setton, The Papacy and the Levant II.514–17

  61. Setton, The Papacy and the Levant II.514, 520–22

  62. Setton, The Papacy and the Levant II.514, 524–32, 538

  63. Tansel, ‘Yeni vesikalar karşısında Sultan İkinci Bayezit’ 204

  64. Brummett, Ottoman Seapower 92–5

  65. Brummett, Ottoman Seapower 111–17; Vatin, L’Ordre de Saint-Jean-de-Jérusalem 294ff

  66. Nasr, art. Ithnā ‘Asharriya, EI2 IV.277

  67. Morgan, Medieval Persia 108

  68. Morgan, Medieval Persia 109

  69. Allouche, The Origins and Development 41–6

  70. Tansel, Sultan II. Bâyezit’in Siyasî Hayatı 236

  71. Beldiceanu-Steinherr, ‘Le règne de Selīm Ier’ 41

  72. Tansel, Sultan II. Bâyezit’in Siyasî Hayatı 231, 235

  73. Bacqué-Grammont, Les Ottomans, les Safavides 17

  74. Walsh, ‘The Historiography of Ottoman–Safavid Relations’ 208

  75. Mélikoff, ‘Le problème kızılbaş’ 50

  76. Allouche, The Origins and Development 155–6

  77. Mélikoff, ‘Le problème kızılbaş’ 50, 51

  78. Bacqué-Grammont, Les Ottomans, les Safavides 18

  79. Martin, ‘A Short History of the Khalwati’ 277–82

  80. Allouche, The Origins and Development 86–8

  81. Bacqué-Grammont, Les Ottomans, les Safavides 21–3

  82. Allouche, The Origins and Development 80–81

  83. Tansel, Sultan II. Bâyezit’in Siyasî Hayatı 245

  84. Zarinebaf-Shahr, ‘Qızılbash “Heresy”’ 7

  85. Bacqué-Grammont, Les Ottomans, les Safavides 24

  86. Uluçay, ‘Yavuz Sultan Selim’ VI/9.75

  87. Bacqué-Grammont, Les Ottomans, les Safavides 25

  88. Tansel, Sultan II. Bâyezit’in Siyasî Hayatı 248

  89. Uluçay, ‘Yavuz Sultan Selim’ VI/9.61–3

  90. Bacqué-Grammont, Les Ottomans, les Safavides 25–6

  91. Uluçay, ‘Yavuz Sultan Selim’ VI/9.65

  92. Tekindağ, ‘Şah Kulu Baba Tekeli İsyanı’ 1/3.34ff

  93. Tekindağ, ‘Şah Kulu Baba Tekeli İsyanı’ 1/4.55

  94. Tekindağ, ‘Şah Kulu Baba Tekeli İsyanı’ 1/4.55–6

  95. Uluçay, ‘Yavuz Sultan Selim’ VI/9.68–74

  96. Tekindağ, ‘Şah Kulu Baba Tekeli İsyanı’ 1/4.58

  97. Bacqué-Grammont, Les Ottomans, les Safavides 18

  98. Uluçay, ‘Yavuz Sultan Selim’ VI/9.77

  99. Uluçay, ‘Yavuz Sultan Selim’ VI/9.85

100. Uluçay, ‘Yavuz Sultan Selim’ VI/9.82–6

101. Uluçay, ‘Yavuz Sultan Selim’ VI/9.86–90

102. Uluçay, ‘Yavuz Sultan Selim’ VII/10.117–20

103. İnalcık, ‘A Case Study in Renaissance Diplomacy’ 218; Sebastian, ‘Ottoman Government Officials’ 326

104. Uluçay, ‘Yavuz Sultan Selim’ VII/10.121–6

105. Uluçay, ‘Yavuz Sultan Selim’ VII/10.125–6, VIII/11–12.185–6

106. Ocak, ‘Quelques remarques’ 74–5

107. cf. Kiel, art. Dimetoka, İA2 9.305–8

108. Uluçay, ‘Yavuz Sultan Selim’ VII/10.131–7

109. Uluçay, ‘Yavuz Sultan Selim’ VII/10.137–42

110. Bacqué-Grammont, Les Ottomans, les Safavides 36–7

111. Uluçay, ‘Yavuz Sultan Selim’ VIII/11–12.191–7

112. Uluçay, ‘Yavuz Sultan Selim’ VIII/11–12.188–90

113. Uzunçarşılı, ‘II nci Bayezid’in oğullarından Sultan Korkut’ 585–90

114. Uluçay, ‘Yavuz Sultan Selim’ VII/10.142, VIII/11–12.191–200

115. Uluçay, ‘Yavuz Sultan Selim’ VII/10.123, 127–31

116. Bacqué-Grammont, Les Ottomans, les Safavides 45; Kolodziejczyk, Ottoman–Polish Diplomatic Relations 115; Fodor and Dávid, ‘Hungarian–Ottoman Peace Negotiations’ 37–8

117. Khadduri, art. Harb, EI2 III.180

118. Bacqué-Grammont, Les Ottomans, les Safavides 51–2; cf. Tekindağ, ‘. . . Yavuz Sultan Selim’in İran Seferi’ 54–5, docts I, I/a

119. Tekindağ, ‘. . . Yavuz Sultan Selim’in İran Seferi’ 55, 77–8

120. Walsh, ‘The Historiography of Ottoman–Safavid Relations’ 204–5, 207

121. Zarinebaf-Shahr, ‘Qızılbash “Heresy”’ 7

122. Tekindağ, ‘. . . Yavuz Sultan Selim’in İran Seferi’ 56

123. Bacqué-Grammont, ‘. . . Notes et documents sur la révolte’ 5ff

124. Bacqué-Grammont, ‘. . . Notes sur le blocus’ 68ff; Bacqué-Grammont, ‘Notes sur une saisie de soie’ 245

125. Tekindağ, ‘. . . Yavuz Sultan Selim’in İran Seferi’ 63–9; Bacqué-Grammont, Les Ottomans, les Safavides 45–9, 146ff; Varlık, art. Çaldıran Savaşı, İA2 8.193–4

126. Peirce, The Imperial Harem 37

127. Tansel, Yavuz Sultan Selim 73–4, 80–81, 101–7

128. Beldiceanu-Steinherr and Bacqué-Grammont, ‘A propos de quelques causes’ 76–81

129. Beldiceanu-Steinherr and Bacqué-Grammont, ‘A propos de quelques causes’ 77

130. İnalcık, ‘Suleiman the Lawgiver’ 127

131. Bacqué-Grammont, Les Ottomans, les Safavides 75–6, 82–3, 87

132. Bacqué-Grammont, Les Ottomans, les Safavides 74, 128–45

133. Bacqué-Grammont, Les Ottomans, les Safavides 189–93

134. Bacqué-Grammont, Les Ottomans, les Safavides 194–5

135. Bacqué-Grammont, Les Ottomans, les Safavides 191, 195–7

136. Repp, The Müfti of Istanbul 213–14

137. Tansel, Yavuz Sultan Selim 135–9; Bacqué-Grammont, Les Ottomans, les Safavides 195

138. Tansel, Yavuz Sultan Selim 118, 145, 147ff

139. Lowry, The Nature of the Early Ottoman State 96

140. Sourdel, art. Khalīfa, EI2 IV.945

141. Bacqué-Grammont, ‘. . . Notes sur le blocus’ 79–84

142. Bacqué-Grammont, Les Ottomans, les Safavides 225–8, 231–4

143. Setton, The Papacy and the Levant III.175–80

144. Setton, The Papacy and the Levant III.183ff

145. Jennings, Christians and Muslims 4

146. Fodor and Dávid, ‘Hungarian–Ottoman Peace Negotiations’ 9

147. Kolodziejczyk, Ottoman–Polish Diplomatic Relations 115

148. Bacqué-Grammont, ‘. . . Notes et documents sur la révolte’ 5ff, 26–7

149. Gibb, Ottoman Poems 33

150. Allouche, The Origins and Development 86–7

151. Bacqué-Grammont, Les Ottomanes, les Safavides 274

Chapter Five: Possessor of the kingdoms of the world

    1. Imber, Ebu’s-su‘ud 75

    2. Fisher, ‘The Life and Family’ 2

    3. İnalcık, ‘Suleiman the Lawgiver’ 110

    4. Sourdel, art. Khalīfa, EI2 IV.945

    5. Kafadar, ‘The Myth of the Golden Age’ 40–41

    6. Fisher, ‘The Life and Family’ 3

    7. Fleischer, ‘The Lawgiver as Messiah’ 159ff

    8. Housley, The Later Crusades 311

    9. Khodarkovsky, Russia’s Steppe Frontier 40, 103

  10. Sen, ‘East and West’ 33

  11. Kolodziejczyk, Ottoman–Polish Diplomatic Relations 225

  12. Bacqué-Grammont, ‘The Eastern Policy’ 222–3

  13. Emecen, ‘The History of an Early Sixteenth Century Migration’ 77ff

  14. Vatin, ‘La conquête de Rhodes’ 447–8, 454

  15. Housley, The Later Crusades 230

  16. Vatin, L’Ordre de Saint-Jean-de-Jérusalem 374

  17. Abou-el Haj, ‘Aspects of the Legitimation’ 371ff

  18. Bacqué-Grammont, Les Ottomans, les Safavides 292–3

  19. Behrens-Abouseif, Egypt’s Adjustment 38–41

  20. Murphey, ‘Frontiers of Authority’ 3

  21. İnalcık, ‘The Ottoman State’ 319–25; Özbaran, ‘A Turkish Report’ 99ff

  22. Soucek, art. Pīrī Re’is, EI2 VIII.308–9

  23. Özbaran, ‘Ottoman Naval Policy’ 61

  24. Özbaran, ‘The Ottomans in Confrontation’ 96

  25. Ingrao, The Habsburg Monarchy 4–5

  26. Setton, The Papacy and the Levant III.238, 245–6

  27. Fodor, ‘Ottoman Policy towards Hungary’ 285–93

  28. Rogers, ‘The Arts under Süleymân the Magnificent’ 259–60; Rogers, The Topkapı Saray Museum 13

  29. Setton, The Papacy and the Levant III.314

  30. Fodor, ‘Ottoman Policy towards Hungary’ 296

  31. Barta, ‘A Forgotten Theatre of War’ 105, 109, 122–3; Fodor, ‘Ottoman Policy towards Hungary’ 296–8

  32. Fodor, ‘Ottoman Policy towards Hungary’ 299

  33. Housley, The Later Crusades 131–2

  34. Bacqué-Grammont, ‘Ubaydu-llah han de Boukhara’ 485ff

  35. Bacqué-Grammont, ‘The Eastern Policy’ 227–8

  36. Braune, art. ‘Abd al-Kādir al-Djīlānī, EI2 I.69–70

  37. Streck and Dixon, art. Kāzimayn, EI2 IV.855

  38. Gökbilgin, ‘Venedik Devlet Arşivindeki’ 111–13

  39. Murphey, ‘Süleyman’s Eastern Policy’ 244

  40. Housley, The Later Crusades 304–8

  41. Setton, The Papacy and the Levant III.359

  42. İnalcık, art. Imtiyāzāt, EI2 III.1183; Matuz, ‘À propos de la validité’ 183ff

  43. Theunissen, ‘Ottoman–Venetian Diplomatics’ 161

  44. Setton, The Papacy and the Levant III.431; Necipoğlu, ‘Süleymân the Magnificent’ 175

  45. Theunissen, ‘Ottoman–Venetian Diplomatics’ 163–8

  46. Chaudhuri, Trade and Civilisation 72–3; Harrison, art. Diū, EI2 II.322; Orhonlu, art. Khādım Süleymān Pasha, EI2 IV.901

  47. Özbaran, ‘Osmanlı İmparatorluğu ve Hindistan yolu’ 98–101; Özbaran, ‘Ottoman Naval Policy’ 61–3

  48. İnalcık, The Ottoman Empire 41

  49. Dávid, ‘Administration in Ottoman Europe’ 88–9

  50. Peirce, The Imperial Harem 74

  51. Necipoğlu, Architecture, Ceremonial and Power 23, 79–84, 96–110

  52. Gilles, The Antiquities of Constantinople 22

  53. Valensi, The Birth of the Despot 37, 46; Fodor, ‘The View of the Turk’ 83–4

  54. Necipoğlu, ‘Süleymân the Magnificent’ 163ff

  55. Gökbilgin, art. İbrahim Paşa, İA 5/II.909

  56. İnalcık, ‘Sultan Süleymân: the Man’ 93

  57. Peirce, The Imperial Harem 74; Necipoğlu, ‘Süleymân the Magnificent’ 182

  58. Peirce, The Imperial Harem 62

  59. Peirce, The Imperial Harem 59

  60. Peirce, The Imperial Harem 59–61

  61. Peirce, The Imperial Harem 38–9, 42–3, 44; Schick, ‘Gynaeceum and Power’ 151–3

  62. Necipoğlu, Architecture, Ceremonial and Power 162–3

  63. Peirce, The Imperial Harem 64

  64. Hegyi, ‘The Ottoman Military Force’ 133; Veinstein, art. Sokullu Mehmed Pasha, EI2 IX.707

  65. Ágoston, ‘Limits of Imperial Authority’; Ágoston, ‘A Flexible Empire’ 24–6

  66. Walsh, ‘The Revolt of Alqās Mīrzâ’ 75–8; Savory, art. Alkās Mīrzā, EI2 I.406; Murphey, ‘Süleymân’s Eastern Policy’ 245

  67. Hess, The Forgotten Frontier 74–5

  68. Williams, ‘Mediterranean Conflict’ 49, 52–3

  69. Özbaran, ‘The Ottoman Turks and the Portuguese’ 125–32

  70. Özbaran, ‘Bahrain in 1559’ 179ff; Özbaran, ‘The Ottoman Turks and the Portuguese’ 138, 140

  71. Alexander, ‘The Turks on the Middle Nile’ 15–16; Özbaran, ‘A Turkish Report’ 108–9; Ménage, ‘The Ottomans and Nubia’ 143–4; Özbaran, ‘The Ottomans in East Africa’ 193, 195

  72. İnalcık, ‘The Ottoman State’ 327–31, 345–6

  73. İnalcık, ‘Power Relationships’ 182–3

  74. İnalcık, ‘The Ottoman State’ 278–80; Khodarkovsky, Russia’s Steppe Frontier 40, 103

  75. Khodarkovsky, Russia’s Steppe Frontier 104–10, 191

  76. Bostan, Osmanlı Bahriye Teşkilâtı 18

  77. Necipoğlu, ‘A Kânûn for the State’ 198

  78. Flemming, ‘Public Opinion under Sultan Süleymân’ 54; Turan, Kanunî’nin Oğlu Şehzâde Bayezid 24ff

  79. Forster, The Turkish Letters 81–3; Kappert, Die osmanischen Prinzen 115–16

  80. Kappert, Die osmanischen Prinzen 118–22

  81. Repp, The Müfti of Istanbul 284–6

  82. Kappert, Die osmanischen Prinzen 123–5, 126–30

  83. Turan, Kanunî’nin Oğlu Şehzâde Bayezid 205

  84. Kappert, Die osmanischen Prinzen 140–49; Turan, Kanunî’nin Oğlu Şehzâde Bayezid 148–57

  85. Bacqué-Grammont, ‘Un rapport inédit’ 156ff; Ocak, ‘Quelques remarques’ 73–4

  86. Imber, ‘A Note on “Christian” Preachers’ 65; Repp, The Müfti of Istanbul 234–6

  87. Ocak, ‘Kanûnî Sultan Süleyman devrinde’ 49ff; Repp, The Müfti of Istanbul 236–8

  88. Zarinebaf-Shahr, ‘Qızılbash “Heresy”’ 8; Imber, ‘The Persecution of the Ottoman Shī‘ites’ 271; Repp, The Müfti of Istanbul 237–8

  89. Gökbilgin, ‘Rüstem Paşa’ 10ff

  90. Yerasimos, ‘Sinan and his Patrons’ 214, 215

  91. Necipoğlu, ‘A Kânûn for the State’ 195ff

  92. Necipoğlu-Kafadar, ‘The Süleymaniye Complex’ 92ff

  93. Imber, Ebu’s-su‘ud 103–6; Imber, ‘Süleymân as Caliph’ 179ff

  94. Imber, ‘The Ottoman Dynastic Myth’ 12, 23–4

  95. Imber, Ebu’s-su‘ud 24, 30–32, 35–6

  96. Fleischer, Bureaucrat and Intellectual 199

  97. Zilfi, ‘Sultan Süleymân’ 109ff; Fodor, ‘Sultan, Imperial Council, Grand Vizier’ 77

  98. Behrens-Abouseif, Egypt’s Adjustment 38

  99. Fleischer, Bureaucrat and Intellectual 217–18

100. Fleischer, ‘The Lawgiver as Messiah’ 173

101. Woodhead, ‘An Experiment in Official Historiography’ 159–60, 172

102. Gibb, Ottoman Poems 43

103. Fodor, ‘Sultan, Imperial Council, Grand Vizier’ 79–80; Necipoğlu, Architecture, Ceremonial and Power 102

104. Necipoğlu, ‘The Süleymaniye Complex’ 113

105. Peirce, The Imperial Harem 199–200

106. Singer, Constructing Ottoman Beneficence 46–7

107. St Laurent and Riedlmayer, ‘Restorations of Jerusalem’ 77

108. Faroqhi, Pilgrims and Sultans 28, 100–101, 103–5, 108

109. Peri, Christianity under Islam 179

110. Chesnau, Le Voyage de Monsieur d’Aramon 118–19

111. Fodor, ‘State and Society’ 223–4

112. Fodor, ‘Sultan, Imperial Council, Grand Vizier’ 80–81

113. Fisher, ‘The Life and Family’ 6

114. Selânikî Mustafa Efendi, Tarih-i Selânikî 1.35–9

Chapter Six: The sedentary sultan

    1. Selânikî Mustafa Efendi, Tarih-i Selânikî 1.40, 42, 43–4, 46

    2. Selânikî Mustafa Efendi, Tarih-i Selânikî 1.39, 46–8

    3. Vatin and Veinstein, ‘Les obsèques’ 222–5, 230, 233–42

    4. Vatin, ‘Aux origines du pèlerinage’ 92, 95–9

    5. Selânikî Mustafa Efendi, Tarih-i Selânikî 1.50–56

    6. Woodhead, art. Selīm II, EI2 IX.131

    7. Selânikî Mustafa Efendi, Tarih-i Selânikî 1.84

    8. Veinstein, art. Sokullu Mehmed Pasha, EI2 IX.706–11

    9. Blackburn, art. Özdemir Pasha, EI2 VIII.235

  10. Blackburn, ‘Two Documents’ 223ff

  11. Fleischer, Bureaucrat and Intellectual 45–54; Smith, Lightning over Yemen

  12. BOA/Mühimme Defteri vol. 7 no. 721

  13. Khodarkovsky, ‘Of Christianity, Enlightenment and Colonialism’ 395

  14. Kurat, ‘The Turkish Expedition to Astrakhan’ 13

  15. Kurat, ‘The Turkish Expedition to Astrakhan’ 7ff

  16. Kurat, ‘The Turkish Expedition to Astrakhan’ 7ff

  17. Kurat, ‘The Turkish Expedition to Astrakhan’ 7ff

  18. Bennigsen, ‘L’expédition turque contre Astrakhan’ 441–4

  19. Hess, The Forgotten Frontier 87–90

  20. İnalcık, ‘Ottoman Galata’ 326

  21. Jennings, Christians and Muslims 11–12

  22. Imber, Ebu’s-su‘ud 84–5; Fotić, ‘The Official Explanations’ 33ff

  23. Imber, Ebu’s-su‘ud 85

  24. Imber, Ebu’s-su‘ud 159–62; Fotić, ‘The Official Explanations’ 33ff

  25. Danişmend, İzahlı Osmanlı Tarihi Kronolojisi 2.439

  26. İnalcık, ‘Lepanto in the Ottoman Documents’ 185ff

  27. Setton, The Papacy and the Levant IV.1052–9

  28. Soucek, art. ‘Ulūdj ‘Ali, EI2 X.811

  29. Lesure, ‘Notes et documents’ 134ff

  30. Theunissen, ‘Ottoman–Venetian Diplomatics’ 174, 490–95 (Ottoman text of treaty)

  31. Roth, The House of Nasi 17, 41, 46–8, 142, 145

  32. Zarinebaf-Shahr, ‘Qızılbash “Heresy”’ 9–13

  33. Jennings, Christians and Muslims 212–39

  34. Hess, ‘The Moriscos’ 17–21

  35. Hess, The Forgotten Frontier 95

  36. Osman, Edirne Sarayı 18

  37. Wortley Montagu, The Turkish Embassy Letters 96

  38. Evliyâ Çelebi, Seyahatnâme 3.246

  39. Vatin and Veinstein, ‘Les obsèques’ 230–31

  40. Necipoğlu-Kafadar, ‘The Süleymaniye Complex’ 113

  41. Necipoğlu, ‘Challenging the Past’ 175–6

  42. Necipoğlu, ‘The Life of an Imperial Monument’ 205–7

  43. Necipoğlu, ‘The Life of an Imperial Monument’ 207–8

  44. Faroqhi, Pilgrims and Sultans 101–2

  45. Peirce, The Imperial Harem 261

  46. Vatin and Veinstein, ‘Les obsèques’ 226

  47. Necipoğlu, ‘The Life of an Imperial Monument’ 208

  48. Austin, Domenico’s Istanbul 37

  49. Fodor, ‘The Grand Vizieral Telhis’ 137, 154–63

  50. Fleischer, Bureaucrat and Intellectual 46, 56

  51. Necipoğlu, Architecture, Ceremonial and Power 164

  52. Arbel, ‘Nur Banu’ 241ff

  53. Soranzo, ‘Relazione e Diario’ 237

  54. Peirce, The Imperial Harem 126, 188

  55. Necipoğlu, Architecture, Ceremonial and Power 164–75

  56. Peirce, The Imperial Harem 121, 259

  57. Necipoğlu, Architecture, Ceremonial and Power 174

  58. Ahmed Resmî Efendi, Hamîletü’l-Küberâ 44–5

  59. Fleischer, Bureaucrat and Intellectual 295

  60. Tezcan, ‘Searching for Osman’ 156

  61. de Groot, art. Murād III, EI2 VII.596

  62. Flemming, art. Khōdja Efendi, EI2 V.27, 29

  63. Gökbilgin, ‘Kara Üveys Paşa’nın Budin Beylerbeyliği’ 18ff

  64. Winter, ‘Ottoman Egypt’ 17

  65. Clayer, Mystiques, état et société 84, 107–11

  66. Hess, The Forgotten Frontier 95–9

  67. Murphey, ‘Frontiers of Authority’ 28

  68. Özbaran, ‘Ottoman Naval Policy’ 69

  69. Fleischer, Bureaucrat and Intellectual 76–9

  70. Kortepeter, Ottoman Imperialism 51–61

  71. Fleischer, Bureaucrat and Intellectual 85–7

  72. Fleischer, Bureaucrat and Intellectual 89

  73. Kütükoğlu, Osmanlı-İran Siyâsî Münâsebetleri 113ff

  74. Kortepeter, Ottoman Imperialism 55, 68–70

  75. Kortepeter, Ottoman Imperialism 85–90

  76. Selânikî Mustafa Efendi, Tarih-i Selânikî 1.190–91

  77. Parry, art. Čighāla-zāde (Yūsuf) Sinān Pasha, EI2 II.33–4

  78. Khodarkovsky, ‘Of Christianity, Enlightenment and Colonialism’ 406, 409

  79. Rothenburg, The Austrian Military Border 40–56

  80. Rothenburg, The Austrian Military Border 56–8

  81. Fodor, ‘Between Two Continental Wars’ 90ff

  82. Fodor, ‘Between Two Continental Wars’ 92

  83. Ágoston, ‘Habsburgs and Ottomans’ 131–6; Hegyi, ‘The Ottoman Military Force’ 134–6

  84. Selânikî Mustafa Efendi, Tarih-i Selânikî 2.548–9

  85. Schmidt, ‘The Egri Campaign’ 125ff

  86. Glover, ‘The Journey of Edward Barton Esquire’ 318

  87. Finkel, The Administration of Warfare 17

  88. Bayerle, ‘The Compromise at Zsitvatorok’ 5ff

  89. Pamuk, A Monetary History 122–3, 131

  90. Parrott, ‘The Ottoman Conflict’ 76

  91. Kafadar, ‘Les troubles monétaires’ 386, 387

  92. Terzioğlu, ‘The Imperial Circumcision’ 85, 88

  93. Selânikî Mustafa Efendi, Tarih-i Selânikî 2.716

  94. Murphey, Ottoman Warfare 45

  95. Griswold, The Great Anatolian Rebellion 83–5, 122, 128–53

  96. Salibi, art. Fakhr al-Dīn, EI2 II.750–51

  97. Winter, ‘Ottoman Egypt’ 17–20

  98. Selânikî Mustafa Efendi, Tarih-i Selânikî 1.225

  99. Fodor, ‘Between Two Continental Wars’ 96

100. Selânikî Mustafa Efendi, Tarih-i Selânikî 1.222

101. Griswold, The Great Anatolian Rebellion 49

102. Beldiceanu-Steinherr and Bacqué-Grammont, ‘A propos de quelques causes’ 82

103. Cook, Population Pressure 36

104. Imber, ‘The Persecution’ 245ff, 246

105. Imber, ‘The Persecution’ 251–4

106. Griswold, The Great Anatolian Rebellion 24–34; Tezcan, ‘Searching for Osman’ 124

107. Griswold, The Great Anatolian Rebellion 34–44

108. Griswold, The Great Anatolian Rebellion 44–6

109. Peçevî İbrahim Efendi, Tarîh-i Peçevî 2.275

110. Akdağ, Celali İsyanları 250–57

111. Veinstein, ‘L’occupation ottomane d’Očakov’ 128–55; Veinstein, ‘Prélude au problème cosaque’ 329ff

112. Ostapchuk, ‘The Human Landscape’ 45–9

113. Burian, The Report of Lello 23

114. Griswold, The Great Anatolian Rebellion 55

115. Griswold, The Great Anatolian Rebellion 54–6

116. Griswold, The Great Anatolian Rebellion 168–80

117. Andreasyan, ‘Bir Ermeni kaynağına göre’ 41

118. Griswold, The Great Anatolian Rebellion 182

119. Griswold, The Great Anatolian Rebellion 182–97

120. Eskandar Beg Monshi, History of Shah ‘Abbas 2.969–73

121. Griswold, The Great Anatolian Rebellion 203–8

122. Andreasyan, ‘Celâlilerden Kaçan Anadolu Halkının’ 45–9

123. Morgan, Medieval Persia 134–7

124. Kütükoğlu, Osmanlı-İran Siyâsî Münâsebetleri 246–59

125. Kütükoğlu, Osmanlı-İran Siyâsî Münâsebetleri 259–74

126. Kütükoglu, Osmanlı-İran Siyâsî Münâsebetleri 276–8

127. Eskandar Beg Monshi, History of Shah ‘Abbas 2.1081–3, 1087–94

128. Eskandar Beg Monshi, History of Shah ‘Abbas 2.1155

129. Fleischer, ‘Royal Authority’ 206, 209–10, 212–13

130. Elliott, Richelieu and Olivares 34

131. Fodor, ‘Sultan, Imperial Council’ 78

132. Peirce, The Imperial Harem 168–72

133. Abou-El-Haj, Formation of the Modern State 38

134. Fodor, ‘State and Society’ 238

135. Finkel, The Administration of Warfare 36–7

136. Fodor, ‘State and Society’ 238

137. Sayılı, The Observatory in Islam 289–305

138. Fleischer, Bureaucrat and Intellectual 160

139. İnalcık, art. Kānūnnāme, EI2 IV.566

140. Tezcan, ‘Searching for Osman’ 105–9, 116–24

141. Tezcan, ‘Searching for Osman’ 125–6, 349

142. Fodor, ‘An Anti-Semite Grand Vizier?’ 192

143. Fodor, ‘An Anti-Semite Grand Vizier?’ 196–9

144. Thys-Şenocak, ‘The Yeni Valide Mosque Complex’ 63–4

145. Selânikî Mustafa Efendi, Tarih-i Selânikî 2.761

146. Eyice, art. Fethiye Camii, İst. Ansik. 3.300

147. Heyd, Ottoman Documents on Palestine 175

148. Kiel, ‘Notes on the History’ 146–7, 148b

149. Schreiner, ‘John Malaxos’ 203ff

150. Necipoğlu, ‘The Life of an Imperial Monument’ 210–20

151. Necipoğlu-Kafadar, ‘The Süleymaniye Complex’ 113

152. Crane, ‘The Ottoman Sultan’s Mosques’ 204

153. Avcıoğlu, ‘Ahmed I and the Allegories of Tyranny’ 218–23

154. Woodhead, ‘An Experiment’ 157ff

155. Raby, ‘From Europe to Istanbul’ 150–63; Çağman, ‘Portrait Series’ 164–87; Necipoğlu, ‘A Period’ 202–7; Bağcı, ‘The Spread’ 216–19; Mahir, ‘Portraits’ 298–307

156. Mahir, ‘Portraits’ 299–301

157. Decei, art. Hotin, İA 5/1.568

Chapter Seven: Government by faction

    1. Peirce, The Imperial Harem 99

    2. Kâtib Çelebi, Fezleke 1.385

    3. Peirce, The Imperial Harem 232

    4. Tezcan, ‘Searching for Osman’ 131–3

    5. Peçevî İbrahim Efendi, Tarîh-i Peçevî 2.361

    6. Tezcan, ‘Searching for Osman’ 172–4

    7. Peçevî İbrahim Efendi, Tarîh-i Peçevî 2.371

    8. Kolodziejczyk, Ottoman–Polish Diplomatic Relations 129–31

    9. Ostapchuk, ‘An Ottoman Gazānāme’ 488

  10. Peçevî İbrahim Efendi, Tarîh-i Peçevî 2.375

  11. Peçevî İbrahim Efendi, Tarîh-i Peçevî 2.374–5

  12. Ostapchuk, ‘The Human Landscape’ 35

  13. Ostapchuk, ‘An Ottoman Gazānāme’ 490–91

  14. Kolodziejczyk, Ottoman–Polish Diplomatic Relations 376–87

  15. Yücel, ‘Yeni Bulunan II. Osman Adına’ 313ff

  16. Kâtib Çelebi, Fezleke 2.9–12

  17. Peçevî İbrahim Efendi, Tarîh-i Peçevî 2.380–81

  18. Peçevî İbrahim Efendi, Tarîh-i Peçevî 2.381–2

  19. Hüseyin Tuği, Tuği Tarihi 498

  20. Peçevî İbrahim Efendi, Tarîh-i Peçevî 2.383–5

  21. Peçevî İbrahim Efendi, Tarîh-i Peçevî 2.385–8

  22. Hüseyin Tuği, Tuği Tarihi 493–4, 502

  23. Peirce, The Imperial Harem 99–101

  24. Peçevî İbrahim Efendi, Tarîh-i Peçevî 2.391

  25. Solak-zâde, Mehmed Hemdemî Çelebî, Solak-zâde Tarihi 2.499–500

  26. Andreasyan, ‘Abaza Mehmed Paşa’ 132–5

  27. Peçevî İbrahim Efendi, Tarîh-i Peçevî 2.389–90

  28. Kâtib Çelebi, Fezleke 2.35–6

  29. Andreasyan, ‘Abaza Mehmed Paşa’ 135

  30. Solak-zâde, Mehmed Hemdemî Çelebî, Solak-zâde Tarihi 2.511–12

  31. Peirce, The Imperial Harem 191, 264

  32. Mustafa Na‘ima, Ravzatu´l-Hüseyn 2.229

  33. Eskandar Beg Monshi, History of Shah ‘Abbas 2.1208–9

  34. Peçevî İbrahim Efendi, Tarîh-i Peçevî 2.391–3

  35. Peçevî İbrahim Efendi, Tarîh-i Peçevî 2.401

  36. Parry, art. Hāfiz Ahmed Pasha, EI2 III.58

  37. Eskandar Beg Monshi, History of Shah ‘Abbas 2.1275–80

  38. Eskandar Beg Monshi, History of Shah ‘Abbas 2.1228–49

  39. de Groot, art. Khalīl Pasha Kaysariyyeli, EI2 IV.971

  40. Solak-zâde, Mehmed Hemdemî Çelebî, Solak-zâde Tarihi 2.519–20

  41. de Groot, art. Khalīl Pasha Kaysariyyeli, EI2 IV.971

  42. Eskandar Beg Monshi, History of Shah ‘Abbas 2.1238–9, 1286–7, 1298–9

  43. İnalcık and Repp, art. Khosrew Pasha, EI2 V.33–4

  44. Kâtib Çelebi, Fezleke 2.139

  45. Peirce, The Imperial Harem 244–5

  46. Peçevî İbrahim Efendi, Tarîh-i Peçevî 2.420

  47. Kâtib Çelebi, Fezleke 2.139–40

  48. Peçevî İbrahim Efendi, Tarîh-i Peçevî 2.422–3

  49. İnalcık and Repp, art. Khosrew Pasha, EI2 V.34

  50. Andreasyan, ‘Abaza Mehmed Paşa’ 138–9, 140–41

  51. Evliyâ Çelebi, Seyahatnâme 1.96–7

  52. Andreasyan, ‘Abaza Mehmed Paşa’ 131, 142

  53. Peirce, The Imperial Harem 244–5

  54. Abu-El-Haj, ‘Fitnah, Huruc ala al-Sultan and Nasihat’ 185ff

  55. Fodor, ‘State and Society’ 231–3

  56. Peçevî İbrahim Efendi, Tarîh-i Peçevî 2.427–8; Kâtib Çelebi, Fezleke 2.144–7

  57. Murphey, ‘The Veliyyuddin Telhis’ 554–5

  58. Howard, ‘The Ottoman Timar System’ 211, 214–15, 223

  59. Murphey, ‘An Ottoman View’ 333–4

  60. Andreasyan, ‘Celâlilerden Kaçan Anadolu Halkının’ 49–53

  61. Murphey, Regional Structure

  62. İnalcık, ‘Tax Collection’ 335–9; Salibi, art. Fakhr al-Dīn, EI2. II.751

  63. Thomas, A Study of Naima 140–45

  64. Brouwer, ‘A Stockless Anchor’ 173–5

  65. Yılmaz, ‘Osmanlı İmparatorluğunda Tütün Tarımı’

  66. Baer, ‘Honored by the Glory of Islam’ 152–4

  67. Kâtib Çelebi, Fezleke 2.155

  68. Kâtib Çelebi, Fezleke 2.154–5

  69. Zilfi, ‘The Kadızadelis’ 260–61

  70. Zilfi, ‘The Kadızadelis’ 257–8

  71. Clayer, Mystiques, état et société 66

  72. Kafadar, ‘Eyüp’te Kılıç Kuşanma Törenleri’ 59

  73. Zilfi, The Politics of Piety 140

  74. Zilfi, ‘The Kadızadelis’ 258

  75. İpşirli, art. Ahîzâde Hüseyin Efendi, İA2 1.548–9

  76. Zilfi, The Politics of Piety 114

  77. Kâtib Çelebi, Fezleke 2.151, 153–4

  78. Kâtib Çelebi, Fezleke 2.160–61

  79. Murphey, ‘An Ottoman View’ 331

  80. Kâtib Çelebi, Fezleke 2.164–5

  81. Evliyâ Çelebi, Seyahatnâme 1.208

  82. Tavernier, Les six voyages 1.36

  83. Kâtib Çelebi, Fezleke 2.186

  84. Kâtib Çelebi, Fezleke 2.190–91

  85. Evliyâ Çelebi, Seyahatnâme 1.217–317

  86. Kâtib Çelebi, Fezleke 2.205

  87. Faroqhi, Pilgrims and Sultans 113–20

  88. Decei and Gökbilgin, art. Erdel, EI2 II.704

  89. Setton, Venice, Austria, and the Turks 81, 157

  90. Faroqhi, ‘The Venetian Presence’ 321–2

  91. Ostapchuk, ‘An Ottoman Gazānāme’ 492–3

  92. Ostapchuk, ‘The Human Landscape’ 27ff

  93. Ostapchuk, ‘The Ottoman Black Sea Frontier’ 79

  94. Ostapchuk, ‘The Human Landscape’ 79

  95. Ostapchuk, ‘The Ottoman Black Sea Frontier’ 62ff

  96. Ostapchuk, ‘The Human Landscape’ 44, 50–58

  97. Ostapchuk, ‘The Ottoman Black Sea Frontier’ 62, 68, 72–3, 113–16

  98. Ostapchuk, ‘The Ottoman Black Sea Frontier’ 82

  99. Ostapchuk, ‘The Ottoman Black Sea Frontier’ 28

100. Ostapchuk, ‘The Ottoman Black Sea Frontier’ 149–64

101. Ostapchuk, ‘Five Documents’ 90–91

102. Mustafa Na‘ima, Ravzatü´l-Hüseyn 4.4, 5–6

103. Fuller, Strategy and Power 1–14

104. İnalcık, ‘Power Relationships’ 198–9

105. Faroqhi, ‘The Venetian Presence’ 320

106. Setton, Venice, Austria, and the Turks 108–10; Theunissen, ‘Ottoman–Venetian Diplomatics’ 183

Chapter Eight: Revenge of the pashas

    1. Peirce, The Imperial Harem 250

    2. Darling, Revenue-Raising and Legitimacy 94–6

    3. Kâtib Çelebi, Fezleke 2.232

    4. Yücel, Es’ar Defteri

    5. Kâtib Çelebi, Fezleke 2.226

    6. Hasan Vecîhî, ‘Vecîhî Ta’rîhi’ 19v

    7. Kâtib Çelebi, Fezleke 2.226–8

    8. Solak-zâde, Mehmed Hemdemî Çelebi, Solak-zâde Tarihi 2.556–8

    9. Aktepe, art. Mehmed Paşa, İA 7.606

  10. Zilfi, The Politics of Piety 97–100

  11. Kâtib Çelebi, Fezleke 2.233–4

  12. Setton, Venice, Austria, and the Turks 112–17

  13. Setton, Venice, Austria, and the Turks 116

  14. Kâtib Çelebi, Fezleke 2.239

  15. Setton, Venice, Austria, and the Turks 126

  16. Kâtib Çelebi, Fezleke 2.260

  17. Gökbilgin, art. İbrahim, İA 5/II.883

  18. Setton, Venice, Austria, and the Turks 142–3, 148–9

  19. Kâtib Çelebi, Fezleke 2.357

  20. Setton, Venice, Austria, and the Turks 149–50

  21. Goffman, Britons in the Ottoman Empire 152

  22. Hrushevsky, History of Ukraine-Rus´ 8.263–6

  23. Hrushevsky, History of Ukraine-Rus´ 8.266–9

  24. Hasan Vecîhî, ‘Vecîhî Ta’rîhi’ 27v

  25. Uluçay, ‘Üç Eşkiya Türküsü’ 85ff

  26. Aktepe, ‘İpşir Mustafa Paşa’ 45

  27. İnalcık, art. Haydar-oghlu, EI2 III.317–18

  28. Uluçay, ‘Üç Eşkiya Türküsü’ 89–90

  29. Mustafa Na‘ima, Ravzatü´l-Hüseyn 4.239–40

  30. Evliyâ Çelebi, Seyahatnâme 2.192

  31. Evliyâ Çelebi, Seyahatnâme 2.198

  32. Evliyâ Çelebi, Seyahatnâme 2.231–2, 235–6, 238–40

  33. Soucek, review of M. Dukanović, Rimovana autobiografija Varvari Ali-Paše 290ff

  34. Hasan Vecîhî, ‘Vecîhî Ta’rîhi’ 30v

  35. Peirce, The Imperial Harem 264

  36. Kâtib Çelebi, Fezleke 2.327

  37. Hasan Vecîhî, ‘Vecîhî Ta’rîhi’ 30v–31r

  38. Kâtib Çelebi, Fezleke 2.329

  39. Kâtib Çelebi, Fezleke 2.330

  40. Hasan Vecîhî, ‘Vecîhî Ta’rîhi’ 32r

  41. Peirce, The Imperial Harem 251

  42. Peirce, The Imperial Harem 251

  43. Hasan Vecîhî, ‘Vecîhî Ta’rîhi’ 32v–34r

  44. Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa, ‘Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa Vekâyi’nâme’si’ 7–8, 14–15

  45. Mustafa Na‘ima, Ravzatü´l-Hüseyn 4.408

  46. Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa, ‘Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa Vekâyi’nâme’si’ 15–16

  47. Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa, ‘Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa Vekâyi’nâme’si’ 16

  48. Mustafa Na‘ima, Ravzatü´l-Hüseyn 4.412–13

  49. Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa, ‘Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa Vekâyi’nâme’si’ 16–17

  50. Orhonlu, art. Kātırdjı-oghlı Mehmed Pasha, EI2 IV.766

  51. Mustafa Na‘ima, Ravzatü´l-Hüseyn 4.413–14

  52. Mustafa Na‘ima, Ravzatü´l-Hüseyn 4.410, 415

  53. Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa, ‘Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa Vekâyi’nâme’si’ 22

  54. İpşirli, art. Derviş Mehmed Paşa, İA2 9.193–4

  55. Dankoff, The Intimate Life 9

  56. Evliyâ Çelebi, Seyahatnâme 1.190, 5.89

  57. Kunt, ‘Ethnic-Regional (Cins) Solidarity’ 237–8

  58. Kâtib Çelebi, Fezleke 2.373–4

  59. Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa, ‘Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa Vekâyi’nâme’si’ 28

  60. Mustafa Na‘ima, Ravzatü´l-Hüseyn 5.98

  61. Kaya, art. Karaçelebizâde Abdülaziz Efendi, İA2 24.382

  62. Mustafa Na‘ima, Ravzatü´l-Hüseyn 5.99

  63. Karaçelebizâde Abdülaziz Efendi, ‘Zeyl-i Ravzatü´l-Ebrâr’ 41v–43r

  64. Karaçelebizâde Abdülaziz Efendi, ‘Zeyl-i Ravzatü´l-Ebrâr’ 43r–44r

  65. Mustafa Na‘ima, Ravzatü´l-Hüseyn 5.99–102

  66. Dankoff, The Intimate Life 82

  67. Mustafa Na‘ima, Ravzatü´l-Hüseyn 5.103–5

  68. Mustafa Na‘ima, Ravzatü´l-Hüseyn 5.107–11

  69. Mustafa Na‘ima, Ravzatü´l-Hüseyn 5.102; cf. Thomas, A Study of Naima 102

  70. Mustafa Na‘ima, Ravzatü´l-Hüseyn 5.114–15; cf. Thomas, A Study of Naima 101–2

  71. Mustafa Na‘ima, Ravzatü´l-Hüseyn 5.118–21

  72. Mustafa Na‘ima, Ravzatü´l-Hüseyn 5.122–7

  73. Mustafa Na‘ima, Ravzatü´l-Hüseyn 5.130–44

  74. Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa, ‘Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa Vekâyi’nâme’si’ 32

  75. Kâtib Çelebi, Fezleke 2.343

  76. Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa, ‘Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa Vekâyi’nâme’si’ 36

  77. Mustafa Na‘ima, Ravzatü´l-Hüseyn 5.215–21

  78. Mustafa Na‘ima, Ravzatü´l-Hüseyn 5.221–2

  79. Murphey, ‘Solakzade’s Treatise of 1652’ 27ff

  80. Mustafa Na‘ima, Ravzatü´l-Hüseyn 5.271–2

  81. Dankoff, The Intimate Life 107

  82. Dankoff, The Intimate Life 108

  83. Kunt, ‘Derviş Mehmed Paşa’ 202

  84. Dankoff, The Intimate Life 107

  85. Aktepe, ‘İpşir Mustafa Paşa’ 45–47

  86. Aktepe, ‘İpşir Mustafa Paşa’ 47–52

  87. Murphey, ‘Forms of Differentiation’ 161–2

  88. Setton, Venice, Austria, and the Turks 163–4

  89. Setton, Venice, Austria, and the Turks 172–82

  90. Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa, ‘Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa Vekâyi’nâme’si’ 79–80

  91. Mustafa Na‘ima, Ravzatü´l-Hüseyn 6.182

  92. Ostapchuk, ‘Ukraine between’ 8, 11–16

  93. Andreasyan and Derin, ‘Çınar Vak’ası’ 58–60

  94. Andreasyan and Derin, ‘Çınar Vak’ası’ 61–8

  95. Andreasyan and Derin, ‘Çınar Vak’ası’ 70–71

  96. Andreasyan and Derin, ‘Çınar Vak’ası’ 70–71

  97. Andreasyan and Derin, ‘Çınar Vak’ası’ 71–3

  98. Kâtib Çelebi, Fezleke 2.225

  99. Andreasyan and Derin, ‘Çınar Vak’ası’ 73

100. Setton, Venice, Austria, and the Turks 184

101. Mustafa Na‘ima, Ravzatü´l-Hüseyn 6.205

102. Andreasyan and Derin, ‘Çınar Vak’asi’ 65

103. Mustafa Na‘ima, Ravzatü´l-Hüseyn 6.206–7

104. Mustafa Na‘ima, Ravzatü´l-Hüseyn 6.207–8

Chapter Nine: Rule of the grandees

    1. Gökbilgin and Repp, art. Köprülü, EI2 V.256–63; Heywood, art. Karā Mustafā Pasha, Merzifonlu EI2 IV.589–92; Köprülü, art. (‘Amūdjazāde) Husayn Pasha, EI2 III.626–7

    2. Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa, ‘Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa Vekâyi’nâme’si’ 80

    3. Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa, ‘Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa Vekâyi’nâme’si’ 74

    4. Mustafa Na‘ima, Ravzatu´l-Hüseyn 6.138

    5. Mustafa Na‘ima, Ravzatu´l-Hüseyn 6.135, 209, 212

    6. Thomas, A Study of Naima 101–2

    7. Kunt, ‘Naîmâ, Köprülü and the Grand Vezirate’ 62

    8. Dankoff, The Intimate Life 204

    9. Zilfi, ‘The Kadızadelis’ 258, 259–60

  10. Mustafa Na‘ima, Ravzatü´l-Hüseyn 6.218–20

  11. Zilfi, The Politics of Piety 147

  12. Baer, ‘Honored by the Glory of Islam’ 157–8

  13. İlgürel, art. Hüseyin Paşa (Deli), İA2 19.6

  14. Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa, ‘Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa Vekâyi’nâme’si’ 81

  15. Mustafa Na‘ima, Ravzatü´l-Hüseyn 6.237–49

  16. Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa, ‘Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa Vekâyi’nâme’si’ 87

  17. Mustafa Na‘ima, Ravzatü´l-Hüseyn 6.266ff

  18. Setton, Venice, Austria, and the Turks 188–9

  19. Kolodziejczyk, Ottoman–Polish Diplomatic Relations 142; Gökbilgin and Repp, art. Köprülü, EI2 V.257–8

  20. Mustafa Na‘ima, Ravzatü´l-Hüseyn 6.329

  21. Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa, ‘Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa Vekâyi’nâme’si’ 98

  22. Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa, ‘Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa Vekâyi’nâme’si’ 104

  23. Mustafa Na‘ima, Ravzatü´l-Hüseyn 6.329–33, 379

  24. Mustafa Na‘ima, Ravzatü´l-Hüseyn 6.333

  25. Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa, ‘Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa Vekâyi’nâme’si’ 105

  26. Mustafa Na‘ima, Ravzatü´l-Hüseyn 6.335

  27. Mustafa Na‘ima, Ravzatü´l-Hüseyn 6.336

  28. Mustafa Na‘ima, Ravzatü´l-Hüseyn 6.336–8

  29. Mustafa Na‘ima, Ravzatü´l-Hüseyn 6.338; cf. Woods, The Aqquyunlu 116–17

  30. Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa, ‘Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa Vekâyi’nâme’si’ 110–11

  31. Mustafa Na‘ima, Ravzatü´l-Hüseyn 6.361–7

  32. Mustafa Na‘ima, Ravzatü´l-Hüseyn 6.368–75

  33. Mustafa Na‘ima, Ravzatü´l-Hüseyn 6.375–8

  34. Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa, ‘Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa Vekâyi’nâme’si’ 114, 115–16

  35. Mustafa Na‘ima, Ravzatü´l-Hüseyn 6.402–5

  36. Mustafa Na‘ima, Ravzatü´l-Hüseyn 6.397–401; cf. Necipoğlu, Architecture, Ceremonial and Power 151–2

  37. Mustafa Na‘ima, Ravzatü´l-Hüseyn 6.407–8; Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa, ‘Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa Vekâyi’nâme’si’ 121

  38. Peirce, The Imperial Harem 196

  39. Kunt, ‘The Waqf as an Instrument’ 193–4

  40. Kunt, ‘The Waqf as an Instrument’ 193, 195–6

  41. Gökbilgin and Repp, art. Köprülü, EI2 V.259

  42. Kopčan, ‘Einige Bemerkungen’ 163

  43. Decei and Gökbilgin, art. Erdel, İA 4.303

  44. Fodor, ‘The View of the Turk’ 98–9

  45. Decei and Gökbilgin, art. Erdel, İA 4.303–4

  46. Kopčan, ‘Ottoman Narrative Sources’ 91

  47. Kopčan, ‘Ottoman Narrative Sources’ 91–3

  48. Gökbilgin and Repp, art. Köprülü, EI2 V.259

  49. Evliyâ Çelebi, Seyahatnâme 7.29ff

  50. Evliyâ Çelebi, Seyahatnâme 7.36

  51. Defterdar Sarı Mehmed Paşa, Zübdei Vekayiât 8–9

  52. Evliyâ Çelebi, Seyahatnâme 7.53ff; cf. Unat, Osmanlı Sefirleri 47–9

  53. Evliyâ Çelebi, Seyahatnâme 7.116

  54. Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa, ‘Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa Vekâyi’nâme’si’ 134–70, 141, 152, 163–4, 172

  55. Silâhdâr Fındıklılı Mehmed Ağa, Silâhdâr Ta’rîhi 1.393–5

  56. Silâhdâr Fındıklılı Mehmed Ağa, Silâhdâr Ta’rîhi 1.411–12

  57. Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa, ‘Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa Vekâyi’nâme’si’ 206–7

  58. Silâhdâr Fındıklılı Mehmed Ağa, Silâhdâr Ta’rîhi 1.411–12; Setton, Venice, Austria, and the Turks 194–5

  59. Setton, Venice, Austria, and the Turks 206ff

  60. Setton, Venice, Austria, and the Turks 220–24

  61. Setton, Venice, Austria, and the Turks 224–8; Silâhdâr Fındıklılı Mehmed Ağa, Silâhdâr Ta’rîhi 1.513–14

  62. Greene, A Shared World 50, 54, 110ff

  63. Greene, A Shared World 80–81

  64. Evliyâ Çelebi, Seyahatnâme 8.460–61

  65. Bierman, ‘The Ottomanization of Crete’ 53ff

  66. Greene, A Shared World 78ff

  67. Bierman, ‘The Ottomanization of Crete’ 61–3

  68. Kolodziejczyk, Ottoman–Polish Diplomatic Relations 141–5

  69. Ostapchuk, ‘Ukraine between’ 12–13, 19–20

  70. Ostapchuk, ‘Ukraine between’ 21–2

  71. Kolodziejczyk, The Ottoman Survey Register 6–7

  72. Silâhdâr Fındıklılı Mehmed Ağa, Silâhdâr Ta’rîhi 1.574

  73. Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa, ‘Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa Vekâyi’nâme’si’ 325–8

  74. Silâhdâr Fındıklılı Mehmed Ağa, Silâhdâr Ta’rîhi 1.576

  75. Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa, ‘Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa Vekâyi’nâme’si’ 329, 336, 340–44, 347–8

  76. Kolodziejczyk, The Ottoman Survey Register 59–65

  77. Kolodziejczyk, The Ottoman Survey Register 13, 16–17

  78. Metin Kunt, oral communication

  79. Kolodziejczyk, Ottoman–Polish Diplomatic Relations 148, 494–580

  80. Silâhdâr Fındıklılı Mehmed Ağa, Silâhdâr Ta’rîhi 1.648–9, 653

  81. Kolodziejczyk, Ottoman–Polish Diplomatic Relations 149

  82. Ostapchuk, ‘Ukraine between’ 23–4

  83. Hezarfen Hüseyin Efendi, Telhîsü’l-Beyân 207–46

  84. Hezarfen Hüseyin Efendi, Telhîsü’l-Beyân 208

  85. Baer, ‘Honored by the Glory of Islam’ 167

  86. Baer, ‘Honored by the Glory of Islam’ 107–8

  87. Kolodziejczyk, The Ottoman Survey Register 60, 61

  88. Zilfi, ‘The Kadızadelis’ 263–4; Zilfi, The Politics of Piety 149

  89. Baer, ‘Honored by the Glory of Islam’ 142–6

  90. Covel, Voyages en Turquie 88–90

  91. Baer, ‘Honored by the Glory of Islam’ 132–7

  92. Zilfi, The Politics of Piety 157

  93. Peirce, The Imperial Harem 206–7

  94. Thys-Şenocak, ‘The Yeni Valide’ 66–8; Baer, ‘Honored by the Glory of Islam’ 125–7

  95. Baer, ‘Honored by the Glory of Islam’ 85–7

  96. Refik, Onikinci Asr-i Hicrî’de 88–9

  97. Thys-Şenocak, ‘The Yeni Valide’ 67

  98. Baer, ‘Honored by the Glory of Islam’ 296

  99. Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa, ‘Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa Vekâyi’nâme’si’ 215–16

100. Baer, ‘Honored by the Glory of Islam’ 304–6

101. Zilfi, The Politics of Piety 154–6

102. Baer, ‘Honored by the Glory of Islam’ 168–75, 181–91, 205ff

103. Gökbilgin and Repp, art. Köprülü, EI2 V.260–61

104. Heywood, art. Karā Mustafā Pasha, Merzifonlu, EI2 IV.589–90

105. Ostapchuk, ‘Ukraine between’ 24–5

106. Defterdar Sarı Mehmed Paşa, Zübde-i Vekayiât 91

107. Defterdar Sarı Mehmed Paşa, Zübde-i Vekayiât 109

108. Defterdar Sarı Mehmed Paşa, Zübde-i Vekayiât 110, 119; Kolodziejczyk, Ottoman–Polish Diplomatic Relations 152; Ostapchuk, ‘Ukraine between’ 26

109. Kann, A History of the Habsburg Empire 72–3

110. Stoye, The Siege of Vienna 43–4

111. Silâhdâr Fındıklılı Mehmed Ağa, Silâhdâr Ta’rîhi 1.743

112. Refik, Türk Hizmetinde Kiral Tököli İmre 8–10

113. Silâhdâr Fındıklılı Mehmed Ağa, Silâhdâr Ta’rîhi 1.757–8

114. Stoye, The Siege of Vienna 45

115. Silâhdâr Fındıklılı Mehmed Ağa, Silâhdâr Ta’rîhi 1.757–8

116. Defterdar Sarı Mehmed Paşa, Zübde-i Vekayiât 137

117. Defterdar Sarı Mehmed Paşa, Zübde-i Vekayiât 139, 141–2

118. Silâhdâr Fındıklılı Mehmed Ağa, Silâhdâr Ta’rîhi 2.5–6

119. Defterdar Sarı Mehmed Paşa, Zübde-i Vekayiât 146–8

120. Stoye, The Siege of Vienna 120–49, 174–5

121. Silâhdâr Fındıklılı Mehmed Ağa, Silâhdâr Ta’rîhi 2.39

122. Defterdar Sarı Mehmed Paşa, Zübde-i Vekayiât 151

123. Stoye, The Siege of Vienna 150–73

124. Kolodziejczyk, Ottoman–Polish Diplomatic Relations 153–4

125. Stoye, The Siege of Vienna 200–27

126. Stoye, The Siege of Vienna 243–64

127. Silâhdâr Fındıklılı Mehmed Ağa, Silâhdâr Ta’rîhi 2.87–8

128. Defterdar Sarı Mehmed Paşa, Zübde-i Vekayiât 163

129. Stoye, The Siege of Vienna 158–61

130. Defterdar Sarı Mehmed Paşa, Zübde-i Vekayiât 159–60

131. Silâhdâr Fındıklılı Mehmed Ağa, Silâhdâr Ta’rîhi 2.119–21

132. Silâhdâr Fındıklılı Mehmed Ağa, Silâhdâr Ta’rîhi 2.124

133. Silâhdâr Fındıklılı Mehmed Ağa, Silâhdâr Ta’rîhi 2.123

134. Gabriel, ‘Die Türkenbeute in Öster-reich’ 101ff

135. Silâhdâr Fındıklılı Mehmed Ağa, Silâhdâr Ta’rîhi 1.757–8

136. Silâhdâr Fındıklılı Mehmed Ağa, Silâhdâr Ta’rîhi 2.120

137. Zilfi, The Politics of Piety 157

138. Defterdar Sarı Mehmed Paşa, Zübde-i Vekayiât 210

Chapter Ten: The empire unravels

    1. Silâhdâr Fındıklılı Mehmed Ağa, Silâhdâr Ta’rîhi 2.126–7

    2. Setton, Venice, Austria, and the Turks 273–4

    3. Silâhdâr Fındıklılı Mehmed Ağa, Silâhdâr Ta’rîhi 2.231–2

    4. Gökbilgin and Repp, art. Köprülü, EI2 V.261; Silâhdâr Fındıklılı Mehmed Ağa, Silâhdâr Ta’rîhi 2.127

    5. Setton, Venice, Austria, and the Turks 273–6

    6. Defterdar Sarı Mehmed Paşa, Zübde-i Vekayiât 166, 179–80, 206–7

    7. Defterdar Sarı Mehmed Paşa, Zübde-i Vekayiât 211, 212, 213–14

    8. Silâhdâr Fındıklılı Mehmed Ağa, Silâhdâr Ta’rîhi 2.228

    9. Silâhdâr Fındıklılı Mehmed Ağa, Silâhdâr Ta’rîhi 2.236–7, 240–41, 243

  10. Atasoy, art. Hırka-i Saâdet, İA2 17.375

  11. Silâhdâr Fındıklılı Mehmed Ağa, Silâhdâr Ta’rîhi 2.238–9

  12. Silâhdâr Fındıklılı Mehmed Ağa, Silâhdâr Ta’rîhi 2.249–53

  13. Setton, Venice, Austria, and the Turks 277, 280–81, 282–3

  14. Silâhdâr Fındıklılı Mehmed Ağa, Silâhdâr Ta’rîhi 2.262–4; cf. Defterdar Sarı Mehmed Paşa, Zübde-i Vekayiât 221

  15. Setton, Venice, Austria and the Turks 287, 309–12

  16. Defterdar Sarı Mehmed Paşa, Zübde-i Vekayiât 230–31

  17. Silâhdâr Fındıklılı Mehmed Ağa, Silâhdâr Ta’rîhi 2.292

  18. Defterdar Sarı Mehmed Paşa, Zübde-i Vekayiât 232–3

  19. Defterdar Sarı Mehmed Paşa, Zübde-i Vekayiât 233–7

  20. Defterdar Sarı Mehmed Paşa, Zübde-i Vekayiât 237–8

  21. Defterdar Sarı Mehmed Paşa, Zübde-i Vekayiât 238–42

  22. Defterdar Sarı Mehmed Paşa, Zübde-i Vekayiât 243–5

  23. Defterdar Sarı Mehmed Paşa, Zübde-i Vekayiât 213, 214, 245–7

  24. Defterdar Sarı Mehmed Paşa, Zübde-i Vekayiât 246, 247, 248–9

  25. Defterdar Sarı Mehmed Paşa, Zübde-i Vekayiât 228–9, 232–5, 237

  26. Defterdar Sarı Mehmed Paşa, Zübde-i Vekayiât 251–3

  27. Silâhdâr Fındılılı Mehmed Ağa, Silâhdâr Ta’rîhi 2.291, 295

  28. Defterdar Sarı Mehmed Paşa, Zübde-i Vekayiât 254

  29. Silâhdâr Fındıklılı Mehmed Ağa, Silâhdâr Ta’rîhi 2.296–8

  30. Defterdar Sarı Mehmed Paşa, Zübde-i Vekayiât 438–9

  31. Defterdar Sarı Mehmed Paşa, Zübde-i Vekayiât 265, 268–71

  32. Defterdar Sarı Mehmed Paşa, Zübde-i Vekayiât 271, 272, 273–4, 275

  33. Defterdar Sarı Mehmed Paşa, Zübde-i Vekayiât 275–7

  34. Defterdar Sarı Mehmed Paşa, Zübde-i Vekayiât 280–81

  35. Defterdar Sarı Mehmed Paşa, Zübde-i Vekayiât 282–5

  36. Defterdar Sarı Mehmed Paşa, Zübde-i Vekayiât 285–6, 288–9

  37. Defterdar Sarı Mehmed Paşa, Zübde-i Vekayiât 245, 288

  38. Defterdar Sarı Mehmed Paşa, Zübde-i Vekayiât 288–9, 290, 293, 315

  39. Defterdar Sarı Mehmed Paşa, Zübde-i Vekayiât 287

  40. Pamuk, A Monetary History 145–6, 155–8

  41. Silâhdâr Fındıklılı Mehmed Ağa, Silâhdâr Ta’rîhi 2.365

  42. Silâhdâr Fındıklılı Mehmed Ağa, Silâhdâr Ta’rîhi 2.365–6; Defterdar Sarı Mehmed Paşa, Zübde-i Vekayiât 291–2

  43. Defterdar Sarı Mehmed Paşa, Zübde-i Vekayiât 305

  44. Silâhdâr Fındıklılı Mehmed Ağa, Silâhdâr Ta’rîhi 2.371–4

  45. Heywood, ‘English Diplomacy’ 65

  46. Defterdar Sarı Mehmed Paşa, Zübde-i Vekayiât 305, 308–10

  47. Defterdar Sarı Mehmed Paşa, Zübde-i Vekayiât 312–13, 314

  48. Defterdar Sarı Mehmed Paşa, Zübde-i Vekayiât 312–13

  49. Defterdar Sarı Mehmed Paşa, Zübde-i Vekayiât 320–21, 329–30, 338

  50. Setton, Venice, Austria, and the Turks 389–90

  51. Defterdar Sarı Mehmed Paşa, Zübde-i Vekayiât 322

  52. Defterdar Sarı Mehmed Paşa, Zübde-i Vekayiât 330

  53. Heywood, ‘An Undiplomatic Anglo-Dutch Dispute’ 64

  54. Heywood, ‘English Diplomacy’ 78–80

  55. Defterdar Sarı Mehmed Paşa, Zübde-i Vekayiât 330–33

  56. Yılmaz, ‘The Life of Köprülü Fazıl Mustafa Pasha’ 35

  57. Defterdar Sarı Mehmed Paşa, Zübde-i Vekayiât 333, 334, 336, 338, 339–40

  58. Gökbilgin and Repp, art. Köprülü, EI2 V.261

  59. Gökbilgin and Repp, art. Köprülü, EI2 V.261

  60. Defterdar Sarı Mehmed Paşa, Zübde-i Vekayiât 339–40

  61. Defterdar Sarı Mehmed Paşa, Zübde-i Vekayiât 341, 343ff

  62. Yılmaz, ‘The Life of Köprülü Fazıl Mustafa Pasha’ 24–7

  63. Yılmaz, ‘The Life of Köprülü Fazıl Mustafa Pasha’ 27–31

  64. Halaçoğlu, art. Evlâd-i Fâtihan, İA2 11.524–5

  65. Defterdar Sarı Mehmed Paşa, Zübde-i Vekayiât 366–7

  66. Defterdar Sarı Mehmed Paşa, Zübde-i Vekayiât 367–8, 370–71

  67. Defterdar Sarı Mehmed Paşa, Zübde-i Vekayiât 369, 371–3, 374–5, 376

  68. Heywood, ‘English Diplomacy’ 117

  69. Defterdar Sarı Mehmed Paşa, Zübde-i Vekayiât 379

  70. Finkel, The Administration of Warfare 17

  71. Defterdar Sarı Mehmed Paşa, Zübde-i Vekayiât 377–8

  72. Defterdar Sarı Mehmed Paşa, Zübde-i Vekayiât 298–9, 343, 345

  73. Yılmaz, ‘The Life of Köprülü Fazıl Mustafa Pasha’ 19–20

  74. Yılmaz, ‘Osmanlı İmparatorluğunda Tütün Tarımı’

  75. Tabakoğlu, Gerileme Dönemine Girerken Osmanlı Maliyesi 274–5; Defterdar Sarı Mehmed Paşa, Zübde-i Vekayiât 632–3

  76. Halaçoğlu, XVIII. yüzyılda Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun iskan siyaseti 4–6

  77. Orhonlu, Osmanlı İmparatorluğunda Aşiretleri İskân Teşebbüsü 30

  78. Halaçoğlu, XVIII. yüzyılda Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun iskan siyaseti 4–6

  79. Orhonlu, Osmanlı İmparatorluğunda Aşiretleri İskân Teşebbüsü 43ff

  80. Orhonlu, Osmanlı İmparatorluğunda Aşiretleri İskân Teşebbüsü map

  81. Orhonlu, Osmanlı İmparatorluğunda Aşiretleri İskân Teşebbüsü 43ff

  82. Silahdar Fındıklılı Mehmed Ağa, Nusretnâme 1.246–50; Defterdar Sarı Mehmed Paşa, Zübde-i Vekayiât 627–8

  83. Orhonlu, Osmanlı İmparatorluğunda Aşiretleri İskân Teşebbüsü 89–90

  84. Murphey, ‘Ottoman Census Methods’ 120

  85. Yılmaz, ‘The Life of Köprülü Fazıl Mustafa Pasha’ 46–7

  86. Rossitsa Gradeva, personal communication

  87. Yılmaz, ‘The Life of Köprülü Fazıl Mustafa Pasha’ 48

  88. Yılmaz, ‘The Life of Köprülü Fazıl Mustafa Pasha’ 48–53; Tabakoğlu, Gerileme Dönemine Girerken Osmanlı Maliyesi 136–49

  89. Silâhdâr Fındıklılı Mehmed Ağa, Silâhdâr Ta’rîhi 2.567–9

  90. Silâhdâr Fındıklılı Mehmed Ağa, Silâhdâr Ta’rîhi 2.569–70

  91. Defterdar Sarı Mehmed Paşa, Zübde-i Vekayiât 398

  92. Murphey, ‘Continuity and Discontinuity’ 419ff

  93. Murphey, art. Süleyman II, EI2 IX.842

  94. Defterdar Sarı Mehmed Paşa, Zübde-i Vekayiât 399–400, 405

  95. Defterdar Sarı Mehmed Paşa, Zübde-i Vekayiât 377, 403

  96. Defterdar Sarı Mehmed Paşa, Zübde-i Vekayiât 404, 407

  97. Heywood, ‘An Undiplomatic Anglo-Dutch Dispute’ 66

  98. Ingrao, The Habsburg Monarchy 79

  99. Defterdar Sarı Mehmed Paşa, Zübde-i Vekayiât 421–2, 424, 430–32, 438

100. Heywood, ‘An Undiplomatic Anglo-Dutch Dispute’ 73–91

101. Heywood, ‘English Diplomacy’ 216

102. Heywood, ‘English Diplomacy’ passim

103. Defterdar Sarı Mehmed Paşa, Zübde-i Vekayiât 440, 445, 450–54, 456–63, 465, 492–4

104. Defterdar Sarı Mehmed Paşa, Zübde-i Vekayiât 522–3

105. Defterdar Sarı Mehmed Paşa, Zübde-i Vekayiât 549, 553

106. Silahdar Fındıklılı Mehmed Ağa, Nusretnâme 1.57

107. Defterdar Sarı Mehmed Paşa, Zübde-i Vekayiât 554–5, 555–6, 558, 566, 570

108. Silahdar Fındıklılı Mehmed Ağa, Nusretnâme 1.133

109. Defterdar Sarı Mehmed Paşa, Zübde-i Vekayiât 588, 591–4

110. Silahdar Fındıklılı Mehmed Ağa, Nusretnâme 1.277–9

111. Köprülü, art. (‘Amūdja-zāde) Husayn Pasha, EI2 III.627

112. Defterdar Sarı Mehmed Paşa, Zübde-i Vekayiât 622

113. Silahdar Fındıklılı Mehmed Ağa, Nusretnâme 1.280

114. Silahdar Fındıklılı Mehmed Ağa, Nusretnâme 1.277–8

115. Defterdar Sarı Mehmed Paşa, Zübde-i Vekayiât 622–3

116. Silahdar Fındıklılı Mehmed Ağa, Nusretnâme 1.294–9

117. Silahdar Fındıklılı Mehmed Ağa, Nusretnâme 1.299–300

118. Defterdar Sarı Mehmed Paşa, Zübde-i Vekayiât 639–41, 643–5, 649–50

119. Defterdar Sarı Mehmed Paşa, Zübde-i Vekayiât 645, 650

120. Heywood, ‘English Diplomacy’ 257

121. Defterdar Sarı Mehmed Paşa, Zübde-i Vekayiât 653–4

122. Defterdar Sarı Mehmed Paşa, Zübde-i Vekayiât 654–62

123. Defterdar Sarı Mehmed Paşa, Zübde-i Vekayiât 662–7 (Ottoman text of treaty with Poland-Lithuania); Kolodziejczyk, Ottoman–Polish Diplomatic Relations 593–8 (English translation of Ottoman text of treaty with Poland-Lithuania)

124. Setton, Venice, Austria, and the Turks 354–8

125. Setton, Venice, Austria, and the Turks 380–86

126. Setton, Venice, Austria, and the Turks 386–7

127. Köprülü, art. (‘Amūdja-zāde) Husayn Pasha, EI2 III.627

128. Defterdar Sarı Mehmed Paşa, Zübde-i Vekayiât 620, 646–7

129. Defterdar Sarı Mehmed Paşa, Zübde-i Vekayiât 667–72 (Ottoman text of treaty with Venice)

130. Hughes, Russia in the Age of Peter the Great 10

131. Fuller, Strategy and Power 14ff

132. Hughes, Russia in the Age of Peter the Great 8–11, 17–18

133. Silahdar Fındıklılı Mehmed Ağa, Nusretnâme 1.375–7 (Ottoman text of truce with Muscovy)

134. Hughes, Russia in the Age of Peter the Great 26

135. Defterdar Sarı Mehmed Paşa, Zübde-i Vekayiât 692–8 (Ottoman text of treaty with Muscovy)

136. Abou-El-Haj, ‘The Formal Closure’ 467

137. Abou-El-Haj, ‘The Narcissism of Mustafa II’ 123

138. Abou-El-Haj, ‘The Formal Closure’ 467, 470–71

139. Kolodziejczyk, Ottoman–Polish Diplomatic Relations 61–2

140. Stoye, Marsigli’s Europe 164ff; Kolodziejczyk, Ottoman–Polish Diplomatic Relations 57

141. Kolodziejczyk, Ottoman–Polish Diplomatic Relations 634

142. Abou-El-Haj, ‘The Formal Closure’ 471–5

143. Peri, ‘Islamic Law and Christian Holy Sites’ 97–104

144. Peri, Christianity under Islam 98, 101, 105–9, 111–12, 153

145. Peri, Christianity under Islam 201

146. Abou-El-Haj, Formation of the Modern State 126

147. Tabakoğlu, Gerileme Dönemine Girerken Osmanlı Maliyesi 266–7

148. Finkel, The Administration of Warfare 260–63

149. Tabakoğlu, Gerileme Dönemine Girerken Osmanlı Maliyesi 295–9

150. Defterdar Sarı Mehmed Paşa, Zübde-i Vekayiât 581

151. Genç, ‘Osmanlı Maliyesinde Malikane Sistemi’ 285–8

152. Genç, ‘A study of the feasibility’ 348

153. Genç, ‘Osmanlı Maliyesinde Malikane Sistemi’ 285–8; Defterdar Sarı Mehmed Paşa, Zübde-i Vekayiât 512–13

154. Salzmann, ‘Measures of Empire’ 136

155. Goffman, ‘İzmir: from village’ 107–9

156. Abou-El-Haj, Formation of the Modern State 122–3

157. Abou-El-Haj, ‘The Ottoman Vezir and Paşa Households’ 443–4

158. Abou-El-Haj, Formation of the Modern State 126–7

159. Abou-El-Haj, ‘The Ottoman Vezir and Paşa Households’ 439–43

160. Kunt, ‘Naîmâ, Köprülü and the Grand Vezirate’ 58–9

161. Murphey, ‘Continuity and Discontinuity’ 425

Chapter Eleven: The perils of insouciance

    1. Köprülü, art. (‘Amūdja-zāde) Husayn Pasha, EI2 III.626–7

    2. Faroqhi, ‘An Ulama Grandee’ 199ff

    3. Silahdar Fındıklılı Mehmed Ağa, Nusretnâme 2.162–3

    4. Türek and Derin, ‘Feyzullah Efendi’nin kendi kaleminden’ 24.69ff, 89; cf. Türek and Derin, ‘Feyzullah Efendi’nin kendi kaleminden’ 23.205ff; Derin, ‘Şeyhülislâm Feyzullah Efendi’nin nesebi’ 97ff

    5. Abou-El-Haj, The 1703 Rebellion 16ff, 115–17

    6. Abou-El-Haj, The 1703 Rebellion 24

    7. Abou-El-Haj, The 1703 Rebellion 30–1

    8. Abou-El-Haj, The 1703 Rebellion 33ff, 62–3

    9. Baykal, art. Râmî Mehmed Paşa, İA 9.623–4; Abou-El-Haj, The 1703 Rebellion 72–5

  10. Abou-El-Haj, The 1703 Rebellion 65–74, 77–8

  11. (Anonymous), Anonim Osmanlı Tarihi 275

  12. Silahdar Fındıklılı Mehmed Ağa, Nusretnâme 2.184

  13. Özcan, art. Defterdar Sarı Mehmed Paşa, İA2 9.98

  14. Silahdar Fındıklılı Mehmed Ağa, Nusretnâme 2.193–5

  15. (Anonymous) Anonim Osmanlı Tarihi 249–51

  16. Tayşi, art. Feyzullah Efendi (Seyyid), İA2 12.527

  17. Silahdar Fındıklılı Mehmed Ağa, Nusretnâme 2.181–97

  18. Silahdar Fındıklılı Mehmed Ağa, Nusretnâme 2.235, 239–40

  19. Aksan, An Ottoman Statesman 18–19

  20. Frost, The Northern Wars 226ff, 263ff

  21. LeDonne, The Russian Empire 24

  22. Silahdar Fındıklılı Mehmed Ağa, Nusretnâme 2.229

  23. Frost, The Northern Wars 286–8, 372–3

  24. Frost, The Northern Wars 288–94

  25. Theolin, The Swedish Palace 32, 33

  26. Kurat, Prut Seferi 1.124, 133–5

  27. Frost, The Northern Wars 287

  28. Ortaylı, ‘Une proclamation universelle’ 105–9

  29. Hughes, Russia in the Age of Peter the Great 46

  30. Silahdar Fındıklılı Mehmed Ağa, Nusretnâme 2.265–6

  31. Aksan, Ottoman Warfare ch. 3

  32. Silahdar Fındıklılı Mehmed Ağa, Nusretnâme 2.276ff, 287ff

  33. LeDonne, The Russian Empire 91

  34. Aksan, An Ottoman Statesman 89–90

  35. Theolin, The Swedish Palace 35–40

  36. Theolin, The Swedish Palace 41–4

  37. Hughes, Russia in the Age of Peter the Great 46–7, 352; cf. Aktepe, ‘1711 Prut seferi’ 23–4

  38. Darkot, art. Karadağ, İA 6.225

  39. Silahdar Fındıklılı Mehmed Ağa, Nusretnâme 2.324–6

  40. Aksan, Ottoman Warfare ch. 3

  41. Silahdar Fındıklılı Mehmed Ağa, Nusretnâme 2.336–8

  42. Kurat and Bromley, ‘The Retreat of the Turks’ 210–11

  43. Silahdar Fındıklılı Mehmed Ağa, Nusretnâme 2.344–5

  44. Kurat and Bromley, ‘The Retreat of the Turks’ 211–12

  45. Silahdar Fındıklılı Mehmed Ağa, Nusretnâme 2.366–71

  46. Silahdar Fındıklılı Mehmed Ağa, Nusretnâme 2.374–5

  47. Gökbilgin, ‘II. Rakoczi Ferencz’ 595ff

  48. Rothenburg, The Austrian Military Border 103

  49. Ortaylı, ‘Ottoman–Habsburg Relations’ 290

  50. Silahdar Fındıklılı Mehmed Ağa, Nusretnâme 2.227

  51. Artan, ‘From Charismatic Leadership’ 53ff

  52. Öztuna, Devletler ve Hanedânlar 220–27

  53. Salzmann, ‘Measures of Empire’ 194ff

  54. Genç, ‘A study of the feasibility’ 349

  55. Salzmann, ‘Measures of Empire’ 170

  56. Genç, ‘Osmanlı Maliyesinde Malikane Sistemi’ 245

  57. Salzmann, ‘Measures of Empire’ 172–3

  58. Genç, ‘Osmanlı Maliyesinde Malikane Sistemi’ 239

  59. Genç, ‘A study of the feasibility’ 356

  60. Genç, art. Esham, İA2 11.377

  61. Artan, ‘Periods and Problems’ 22–5

  62. Genç, ‘A study of the feasibility’ 356

  63. Salzmann, ‘Measures of Empire’ 181

  64. McGowan, ‘The Age of the Ayans’ 734–5

  65. Genç, ‘Ottoman Industry’ 69–82

  66. Göçek, East Encounters West 4

  67. Unat, Osmanli Sefirleri 52–3

  68. Silahdar Fındıklılı Mehmed Ağa, Nusretnâme 2.250–52; Uluçay, ‘Fatma ve Safiye’ 139–48

  69. Atıl, ‘The Story of an Eighteenth-Century Ottoman Festival’ 181ff; İrepoğlu, Levnî 87ff

  70. Artan, ‘From Charismatic Leadership’ 62

  71. Silahdar Fındıklılı Mehmed Ağa, Nusretnâme 2.269–70

  72. Mehmed Râşid Râşid Ta’rîhi 5.307–8

  73. Necipoğlu, Architecture, Ceremonial and Power 258

  74. Necipoğlu, ‘The Suburban Landscape’ 32ff

  75. Wortley Montagu, The Turkish Embassy Letters 140

  76. Kuban, Istanbul 336

  77. Artan, ‘Aspects of the Ottoman Elite’s Food Consumption’ 107ff

  78. Schama, Landscape and Memory 329

  79. İrepoğlu, ‘Innovation and Change’ 380–85, 408–11

  80. Özergin, art. Râşid, Mehmed, İA 9.632

  81. Mehmed Râşid, Râşid Ta’rîhi 5.185–6, 311–15

  82. Göçek, East Encounters West 76

  83. Aktepe, ‘Kâğıdhâne’ye Dâir Bâzı Bilgiler’ 339–43, 353

  84. Hughes, Russia in the Age of Peter the Great 218

  85. Göçek, East Encounters West 75–7

  86. Hughes, Russia in the Age of Peter the Great 217–18; Göçek, East Encounters West 75

  87. Hamadeh, ‘Splash and Spectacle’ 123ff

  88. Zilfi, ‘Women and Society’ 295–6

  89. Pavord, The Tulip 58–62

  90. Evliyâ Çelebi, Seyahatnâme, 1.206

  91. Aktepe, ‘Damad İbrahim Paşa’ 91–126

  92. Pavord, The Tulip 137ff

  93. Pavord, The Tulip 43–55, esp. 50

  94. Necipoğlu, Architecture, Ceremonial and Power 151–2

  95. Mehmed Râşid, Râşid Ta’rîhi 5.320–28

  96. İrepoğlu, Levnî 87

  97. Aktepe, Patrona İsyanı 62

  98. Zilfi, ‘A Medrese for the Palace’ 186, 189

  99. Zilfi, ‘Elite Circulation’ 320

100. Zilfi, ‘Elite Circulation’ 326, 340–41

101. Aktepe, Patrona İsyanı 104ff

102. Zilfi, ‘İbrahim Pasha and the Women’ 555ff

103. Zilfi, ‘Women and Society’ 294–8

104. Olson, ‘The Esnaf’ 336

105. Aktepe, ‘XVIII. asrın ilk yarısında İstanbul’un’ 2–9

106. Isma‘il Âsım Efendi, Âsım Ta’rîhi 397–8

107. Aktepe, ‘1727–1728 İzmir isyanına dâir’ 71ff

108. Unat, Osmanlı Sefirleri 59–61

109. Aktepe, ‘Dürrî Ahmet Efendi’nin İran Sefareti’ 1/1.58

110. Olson, ‘The Ottoman–French Treaty’ 349

111. Tucker, ‘The Peace Negotiations’ 21

112. Tucker, ‘The Peace Negotiations’ 21–2

113. Baysun, ‘Müverrih Râşid Efendi’nin İran Elciliğine Dâir’ 145ff; Aktepe, ‘Vak’anüvis Raşid Mehmed Efendi’nin’ 155ff

114. Tucker, ‘The Peace Negotiations’ 22

115. Silahdar Fındıklılı Mehmed Ağa, Nusretnâme 2.333, 334, 364

116. Aktepe, Patrona İsyanı 92–5

117. Aktepe, Patrona İsyanı 91, 96–7, 99–100, 118–21

118. Tabakoğlu, Gerileme Dönemine Girerken Osmanlı Maliyesi 275; Aktepe, ‘Ahmed III. devrinde Şark seferine’ 17ff

119. Aktepe, Patrona İsyanı 101

120. Aktepe, Patrona İsyanı 133–40

121. Aktepe, Patrona İsyanı 140–42, 143–5

122. Aktepe, Patrona İsyanı 145, 147–9, 150–54

123. Aktepe, Patrona İsyanı 155–7

124. Veinstein, art. Mehmed Yirmisekiz (Čelebi Efendi), EI2 VI.1006

125. Aktepe, Patrona İsyanı 158–60

126. Aktepe, Patrona İsyanı 161–9

127. Aktepe, Patrona İsyanı 169–80

128. Şem’dânî-zâde Fındıklılı Süleyman Efendi, Mur’i’t-Tevârih 1.16–21

129. Abdi, Abdi Tarihi 62

130. Sem’dânî-zâde Fındıklılı Süleyman Efendi, Mur’i’t-Tevârih 1.17–19

131. Aktepe, ‘XVIII. asrın ilk yarısında Istanbul’un’ 10–16

132. Mehmed Râsid, Râşid Ta’rîhi 5.123

133. Silahdar Fındıklılı Mehmed Ağa, Nusretnâme 2.415

134. Salzmann, ‘Measures of Empire’ 175–6

135. Halaçoğlu, XVIII. yüzyılda Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun iskan siyaseti 96–108

136. Aktepe, ‘Nevşehirli Damad İbrahim Paşa’ya âid iki vakfiye’ 151

137. Winter, ‘Ottoman Egypt’ 17–20

138. Hathaway, ‘Egypt in the seventeenth century’ 42, 48, 49ff

139. Crecelius, ‘Egypt in the eighteenth century’ 70–73

140. Hathaway, ‘Çerkes Mehmed Bey’ 108ff

141. Barbir, Ottoman Rule in Damascus xv, 44–55

142. Tekindağ, ‘XVIII. ve XIX. asırlarda Cebel Lübnan’ 31ff

143. Cohen, Palestine in the 18th Century 8–11

144. Cohen, Palestine in the 18th Century 30–42

145. St Laurent and Riedlmayer, ‘Restorations of Jerusalem’ 77–9, 84

146. Barbir, Ottoman Rule in Damascus 89–93, 97–107

147. Hess, ‘The Forgotten Frontier’ 74ff; Ortaylı, ‘Ottoman–Habsburg Relations’ 290–92

148. Kolodziejczyk, Ottoman–Polish Diplomatic Relations 162

149. Theolin, The Swedish Palace 55–8

150. LeDonne, The Russian Empire 99–100, 233–4; Aksan, Ottoman Warfare ch. 3

151. Aksan, Ottoman Warfare ch. 3

152. Eldem, ‘Istanbul: from imperial’, 190–4

153. Tucker, ‘The Peace Negotiations’ 24–32

154. Olson, ‘The Ottoman–French Treaty’ 350

155. Aktepe, ‘XVIII. asrın ilk yarısında İstanbul’un’ 23–4

156. Tucker, ‘The Peace Negotiations’ 34–7

157. Aktepe, ‘XVIII. asrın ilk yarısında İstanbul’un’ 10

158. Özkaya, ‘XVIII inci Yüzyılda Çıkarılan Adalet-nâmelere göre’ 461–2

159. Özkaya, ‘XVIII inci Yüzyılda Çıkarılan Adalet-nâmelere göre’ 459–60

160. Olson, ‘Jews, Janissaries, Esnaf’ 193–7

161. Aktepe, ‘XVIII. asrın ilk yarısında İstanbul’un’ 25–8

162. Faroqhi, ‘Migration into Eighteenth-Century’ 163ff

163. Abdi, Abdi Tarihi 45

164. Eldem, Sa‘dabad 22ff

165. Aktepe, ‘Kâgıdhâne’ye Dâir Bâzı Bilgiler’ 358

166. Kuban, art. Nuruosmaniye Külliyesi, İst. Ansik. 6.100–103

167. Goodwin, A History of Ottoman Architecture 377, 387, 400–402

168. Goodwin, A History of Ottoman Architecture 375

169. Erünsal, Türk Kütüphaneleri Tarihi 61ff

170. Silahdar Fındıklılı Mehmed Ağa, Nusretnâme 2.384–5

171. İrepoğlu, Levnî 23

172. Mystakidis, ‘Hukûmet-i ‘Osmâniye’ 324–5

173. Kut, art. Matba‘a, EI2 VI.800

174. Refik, Onikinci Asr-i Hicrî’de İstanbul Hayatı 89–90

175. Refik, Onikinci Asr-i Hicrî’de İstanbul Hayatı 90

176. Kut, art. Matba‘a, EI2 VI.801

177. Kut, art. Matba‘a, EI2 VI.800

178. Özcan, art. Humbaracı Ahmed Paşa, İA2 18.351; Levy, ‘Military Reform’ 232–3; Hitzel, ‘Relations interculturelles et scientifiques’ 1.304–5

179. Aksan, An Ottoman Statesman 8–9

180. Itzkovitz, ‘Eighteenth Century Ottoman Realities’ 86

181. Unat, Osmanlı Sefirleri 62ff

182. Refik, Onikinci Asr-i Hicrî’de İstanbul Hayatı 87

183. Zilfi, ‘Women and Society’ 298–301

184. Zilfi, ‘Women and Society’ 301

185. Sarıcaoğlu, Kendi Kaleminden Bir Padişahın Portresi 254–5

Chapter Twelve: The power of the provinces

    1. Şem’dânî-zâde Fındıklılı Süleyman Efendi, Mur’i’t-Tevârih 2/A.9

    2. Altundağ, art. Osman III, İA 9.449

    3. Aksan, An Ottoman Statesman

    4. Atsız, Ahmed Resmî Efendi’nin 71

    5. Atsız, Ahmed Resmî Efendi’nin 73

    6. Ingrao, The Habsburg Monarchy 192–4

    7. Aksan, An Ottoman Statesman 78, 115–17

    8. Kolodziejczyk, Ottoman–Polish Diplomatic Relations 164

    9. Fisher, The Russian Annexation 27–8, 29–30

  10. Aksan, An Ottoman Statesman 119

  11. LeDonne, The Russian Empire 104

  12. Aksan, An Ottoman Statesman 144–69

  13. Nagata, ‘Greek Rebellion of 1770’ 103ff

  14. Anderson, Naval Wars 278–91; Aktepe, art. Çeşme Vak’ası, İA2 8.288–9

  15. Nagata, ‘Greek Rebellion of 1770’ 103ff

  16. Hess, ‘The Forgotten Frontier’ 83–4

  17. Aksan, An Ottoman Statesman 104–8, 111–14

  18. Fisher, The Russian Annexation 40–51, 160

  19. Aksan, An Ottoman Statesman 153–66

  20. Gawrych, ‘Şeyh Galib and Selim III’ 94

  21. Fuller, Strategy and Power 140–41

  22. Aksan, An Ottoman Statesman 109–10, 188–99

  23. Fuller, Strategy and Power 137

  24. LeDonne, The Russian Empire 105–6; Hurewitz, Diplomacy in the Near and Middle East 1.54–61 (Engl. translation of treaty)

  25. Heywood, art. Küçük Kaynardja, EI2 V.313; Sarıcaoğlu, Kendi Kaleminden Bir Padişahın Portresi 163

  26. Süleyman Penah Efendi, ‘Mora İhtilali Tarihçesi’ 156–7

  27. Davison, ‘The “Dosografa” Church’ 51ff

  28. Davison, ‘“Russian Skill and Turkish Imbecility”’ 35

  29. Davison, ‘“Russian Skill and Turkish Imbecility”’ 28ff

  30. Fisher, ‘Şahin Giray, the Reformer Khan’ 93ff

  31. Fisher, ‘Şahin Giray, the Reformer Khan’ 93ff

  32. Emecen, ‘Son Kırım Hânı Şâhin Giray’ın’ 315ff

  33. Fisher, ‘Şahin Giray, the Reformer Khan’ 94–5, 109, 119

  34. Aksan, An Ottoman Statesman 180–84

  35. Beydilli, ‘Bonnaval’in izinde’ 74

  36. Uzunçarşılı, ‘Sadrâzam Halil Hamid Paşa’ 239–55

  37. Bruess, Religion, Identity and Empire 238

  38. Aksan, An Ottoman Statesman 179

  39. Sarıcaoğlu, Kendi Kaleminden Bir Padişahın Portresi 175

  40. Uzunçarşılı, ‘Kaynarca Muahedesinden Sonraki’ 514–15

  41. LeDonne, The Russian Empire 110

  42. Sarıcaoğlu, Kendi Kaleminden Bir Padişahın Portresi 249–50

  43. Ingrao, The Habsburg Monarchy 207

  44. BOA/Hatt-i hümayun no. 8231

  45. Sarıcaoğlu, Kendi Kaleminden Bir Padişahın Portresi 260

  46. Aksan, Ottoman Warfare ch. 4

  47. Ingrao, The Habsburg Monarchy 207–8

  48. Karal, Selim III’ün Hatt-i Hümayunları 28–9

  49. Naff, ‘Ottoman Diplomatic Relations’ 105–6

  50. Aksan, ‘An Ottoman Portrait’ 205–6

  51. Aksan, Ottoman Warfare ch. 4

  52. Kolodziejczyk, Ottoman–Polish Diplomatic Relations 167, 644–59

  53. Ingrao, The Habsburg Monarchy 209–10

  54. Naff, ‘Ottoman Diplomatic Relations’ 105–6

  55. Ingrao, The Habsburg Monarchy 209–10

  56. Gökçe, ‘1787–1806 yılları arasında Kafkasya’da’ 4–12

  57. Gökçe, ‘1787–1806 yılları arasında Kafkasya’da’ 19–33

  58. Gökçe, ‘1787–1806 yılları arasında Kafkasya’da’ 34–8, 52–3

  59. LeDonne, The Russian Empire 108–9

  60. Gökçe, ‘1787–1806 yılları arasında Kafkasya’da’ 46–50

  61. Sarıcaoğlu, Kendi Kaleminden Bir Padişahın Portresi 168–9, 211–14

  62. Genç, art. Esham, İA2 11.377

  63. Eldem, French Trade 59

  64. Aksan, ‘The One-eyed Fighting the Blind’ 228–9

  65. Aksan, ‘Feeding the Ottoman Troops’ 1ff

  66. Cezar, Osmanlı Maliyesinde Bunalım 110

  67. Genç, art. Esham, İA2 11.376ff

  68. Cezar, Osmanlı Maliyesinde Bunalım 89–92; cf. Sarıcaoğlu, Kendi Kaleminden Bir Padişahın Portresi 167–9, 211–14

  69. Eldem, French Trade 188–9

  70. Cezar, Osmanlı Maliyesinde Bunalım 137–8; cf. Sarıcaoğlu, Kendi Kaleminden Bir Padişahın Portresi 167–9, 211–14

  71. Cezar, Osmanlı Maliyesinde Bunalım 137–8; cf. Sarıcaoglu, Kendi Kaleminden Bir Padisahın Portresi 167–9

  72. Aksan, ‘Ottoman Political Writing’ 63

  73. Aksan, ‘Breaking the Spell’ 253ff

  74. Aksan, ‘Whatever happened to the Janissaries’ 28–9

  75. Aksan, An Ottoman Statesman 189–90

  76. Aksan, ‘Whatever happened to the Janissaries’ 35–6

  77. Aksan, ‘Whatever happened to the Janissaries’ 33

  78. Özcan, art. Esame, İA2 11.356

  79. Sarıcaoğlu, Kendi Kaleminden Bir Padişlahın Portresi 191, 234–42

  80. Karal, ‘Nizâm-i Cedid’e dair lâyihalar’ 237

  81. Karal, ‘Nizâm-i Cedid’e dair lâyihalar’ 418

  82. Sarıcaoğlu, Kendi Kaleminden Bir Padişahın Portresi 180–83

  83. Aksan, Ottoman Warfare ch. 4

  84. Panzac, ‘The Manning of the Ottoman Navy’ 50–53

  85. Gawrych, ‘Şeyh Galib and Selim III’ 102, 105–9

  86. Holbrook, The Unreadable Shores of Love 107–10

  87. Beydilli, Türk Bilim ve Matbaacılık 223

  88. Kissling, Rechtsproblematiken 10

  89. Gönen, ‘The Integration of the Ottoman Empire’ 16

  90. Gönen, ‘The Integration of the Ottoman Empire’ 121–3

  91. Gönen, ‘The Integration of the Ottoman Empire’ 67, 69

  92. Gönen, ‘The Integration of the Ottoman Empire’ 63–75, 120

  93. Khadduri, War and Peace 251–2

  94. Gönen, ‘The Integration of the Ottoman Empire’ 79

  95. Gönen, ‘The Integration of the Ottoman Empire’ 145

  96. Unat, Osmanlı Sefirleri; Naff, ‘Reform and the Conduct of Diplomacy’ 303–4

  97. Gönen, ‘The Integration of the Ottoman Empire’ 86

  98. Gönen, ‘The Integration of the Ottoman Empire’ 88–9

  99. Renda, ‘Searching for New Media’ 451ff; Karal, Selim III’ün Hatt-i Hümayunları 92–3

100. Cezar, Osmanlı Maliyesinde Bunalım 155ff

101. Salzmann, ‘Measures of Empire’ 408–9

102. Mert, art. Çapanoğulları, İA2 8.221–2

103. Goodwin, A History of Ottoman Architecture 400–402

104. Mert, art. Canikli Hacı Ali Paşa Ailesi, İA2 7.151–3

105. Orhonlu, art. Karā ‘Othmān-oghlı, EI2 IV 592–3; Nagata, art. Karaosmanoğulları, İA2 24.468–9

106. Kuyulu, Kara Osman-oğlu Ailesine Ait Mimari Eserler

107. Salzmann, ‘Measures of Empire’ 212, 428, 434ff, 453, 461

108. Zens, ‘Pasvanoğlu Osman Paşa’ 89–99

109. Özkaya, Osmanlı İmparatorluğunda Dağlı İsyanları

110. Derin, ‘Yayla İmamı Risalesi’ 217

111. Fleming, The Muslim Bonaparte 82–94

112. Jelavich, History of the Balkans 195

113. Zens, ‘Pasvanoğlu Osman Paşa’ 100–103

114. Rothenburg, The Military Border 102–4

115. Jelavich, History of the Balkans 198–9

116. Rothenburg, The Austrian Military Border 105–7, 118–19

117. Rothenburg, The Military Border 31–2

118. Rothenburg, The Military Border 7, 81–2

119. Rothenburg, The Military Border 103, 105, 106, 107

120. Hughes, Russia in the Age of Peter the Great 48

121. Cazacu, ‘La “mort infâme”’ 259–61

122. Cazacu, ‘La “mort infâme”’ 253ff

123. Yapp, The Making of the Modern Near East 52

124. Perry, ‘The Mamluk Paşalik of Baghdad’ 59, 62–3, 66

125. Perry, ‘The Mamluk Paşalik of Baghdad’ 65, 67, 68

126. Salzmann, ‘Measures of Empire’ 426–7

127. Khoury, State and provincial society 69–72

128. Holt, Egypt and the Fertile Crescent 107–9, 132–3

129. Cohen, Palestine in the 18th Century 7–19

130. Cohen, Palestine in the 18th Century 52

131. Anderson, Naval Wars 291–9

132. Tekindağ, ‘XVIII. yuzyılda Akdeniz’de Rus donanması’ 37ff

133. Cohen, Palestine in the 18th Century 45–53; Crecelius, ‘Egypt in the eighteenth century’ 82

134. Emecen, art. Cezzâr Ahmed Paşa, İA2 7.516

135. Cohen, Palestine in the 18th Century 53–77

136. Emecen, art. Cezzâr Ahmed Paşa, İA2, 7.518

137. Crecelius, ‘Egypt in the eighteenth century’ 73–82

138. Hathaway, The politics of households 118

139. Crecelius, ‘Egypt in the eighteenth century’ 84

140. Shaw, Ottoman Egypt in the Eighteenth Century 11–13

141. Crecelius, ‘Egypt in the eighteenth century’ 84–6

142. Dykstra, ‘The French occupation of Egypt’ 117–21

143. Shaw, Ottoman Egypt in the Eighteenth Century 7

144. Uzunçarşılı, ‘Bonapart’ın Cezzar Ahmed Paşa’ya Mektubu’ 451–4

145. Tekindağ, ‘Yeni kaynak ve vesikarların ışığı’ 1ff

146. Dykstra, ‘The French occupation of Egypt’ 131–2

147. Fahmy, ‘The era of Muhammad ‘Ali Pasha’ 140–44

148. Fahmy, ‘The era of Muhammad ‘Ali Pasha’ 144–6

149. Abir, ‘The “Arab Rebellion” of Amir Ghalib’ 188–9

150. Peskes, art. Wahhābiyya, EI2 XI.42

Chapter Thirteen: From the ‘New Order’ to the ‘Re-ordering’

    1. Gökçe, ‘Edirne Âyanı Dağdevirenoğlu Mehmed Ağa’ 97ff

    2. Derin, ‘Yayla İmamı Risalesi’ 218

    3. Gökçe, ‘Edirne Âyanı Dağdevirenoğlu Mehmed Ağa’ 109

    4. Derin, ‘Yayla İmamı Risalesi’ 221–3

    5. Derin, ‘Tüfengçi-başı Ârif Efendi Tarihçesi’ 386

    6. Beydilli and Şahin, Mahmud Râif Efendi

    7. Derin, ‘Tüfengçi-başı Ârif Efendi Tarihçesi’ 386

    8. Derin, ‘Yayla İmamı Risalesi’ 223–4

    9. Derin, ‘Tüfengçi-başı Ârif Efendi Tarihçesi’ 389–92

  10. Gökçe, ‘Edirne Âyanı Dağdevirenoğlu Mehmed Ağa’ 101

  11. Derin, ‘Tüfengçi-başı Ârif Efendi Tarihçesi’ 393–5; Derin, ‘Yayla İmamı Risalesi’ 229

  12. Derin, ‘Tüfengçi-başı Ârif Efendi Tarihçesi’ 395–9

  13. Derin, ‘Tüfengçi-başı Ârif Efendi Tarihçesi’ 399–401

  14. Derin, ‘Tüfengçi-başı Ârif Efendi Tarihçesi’ 402–3

  15. Derin, ‘Tüfengçi-başı Ârif Efendi Tarihçesi’ 404–5

  16. Derin, ‘Tüfengçi-başı Ârif Efendi Tarihçesi’ 406, 408–15

  17. Arıkan, III. Selim’in Sirkâtibi Ahmed Efendi

  18. Derin, ‘Tüfengçi-başı Ârif Efendi Tarihçesi’ 388, 438

  19. Derin, ‘Tüfengçi-başı Ârif Efendi Tarihçesi’ 415–18, 423ff

  20. Derin, ‘Tüfengçi-başı Ârif Efendi Tarihçesi’ 443

  21. Uzunçarşılı, Meşhur Rumeli Âyanlarından 92–4

  22. Shaw, Between Old and New 347–8

  23. Uzunçarşılı, Meşhur Rumeli Âyanlarından 57–8

  24. Uzunçarşılı, Meşhur Rumeli Âyanlarından 95–7, 101–2

  25. Uzunçarşılı, Meşhur Rumeli Âyanlarından 104–7

  26. Uzunçarşılı, Meşhur Rumeli Âyanlarından 107–11

  27. Uzunçarşılı, Meşhur Rumeli Âyanlarından 112–16, 221–3

  28. Uzunçarşılı, Meşhur Rumeli Âyanlarından 113–14, 116–17, 118–19

  29. Derin, ‘Yayla İmamı Risalesi’ 242–7

  30. Uzunçarşılı, Meşhur Rumeli Âyanlarından 92–4

  31. İnalcık, ‘Sened-i İttifak’ 604–6; Lewis, art. Dustūr, EI2 II.640–41

  32. İnalcık, ‘Sened-i İttifak’ 604–6; Lewis, art. Dustūr, EI2 II.640–41

  33. Ortaylı, İmparatorluğun En Uzun Yüzyılı 29–30

  34. Uzunçarşılı, Meşhur Rumeli Âyanlarından 143–4

  35. Derin, ‘Yayla İmamı Risalesi’ 252–60

  36. Sakaoğlu, art. Alemdar Olayı, İst. Ansik. 1.186

  37. Derin, ‘Yayla İmamı Risalesi’ 260–63, 266

  38. Aksan, ‘Ottoman Political Writing’ 60

  39. Aksan, ‘Ottoman Political Writing’ 53ff

  40. Yapp, The Making of the Modern Near East 55

  41. LeDonne, The Russian Empire 114–15

  42. Kazgan, ‘2. Sultan Mahmut Devrinde Enflasyon’ 122–3

  43. Gökçe, ‘1787–1806 yılları arasında Kafkasya’da’ 57ff

  44. Kolodziejczyk, Ottoman–Polish Diplomatic Relations 168

  45. Anderson, The Eastern Question 46

  46. Reed, ‘The Destruction of the Janissaries’ 40–45

  47. Levy, ‘Ottoman Attitudes’ 333–4

  48. Fahmy, ‘The era of Muhammad ‘Ali Pasha’ 146–9

  49. Cezar, Osmanlı Maliyesinde Bunalım 242–3

  50. Mert, XVIII. ve XIX. Yüzyıllarda Çapanoğulları 66–8

  51. Reed, ‘The Destruction of the Janissaries’ 20–24

  52. Cezar, Osmanlı Maliyesinde Bunalım 242–3

  53. Fahmy, ‘The era of Muhammad ‘Ali Pasha’ 145

  54. Ibrahim, ‘The Egyptian empire’ 200–202

  55. Fleming, The Muslim Bonaparte 36–56

  56. Levy, ‘Ottoman Attitudes’ 336–9

  57. Levy, ‘Ottoman Attitudes’ 338, 339

  58. Cazacu, ‘La “mort infâme”’ 281–2

  59. Clogg, A Short History 54

  60. Levy, ‘Ottoman Attitudes’ 338

  61. Anderson, The Eastern Question 52–3

  62. Cazacu, ‘La “mort infâme”’ 282–5

  63. Levy, ‘Ottoman Attitudes’ 337

  64. Bowen, art. ‘Alī Pasha Tepedelenli, EI2 I.399

  65. Cazacu, ‘La “mort infâme”’ 286–8

  66. Reed, ‘The Destruction of the Janissaries’ 48, 53–61

  67. Fisher, The Russian Annexation 90–91

  68. Clogg, A Concise History 23–32

  69. Anderson, The Eastern Question 54–5

  70. Clogg, A Concise History 29

  71. Anderson, The Eastern Question 60–61

  72. Kutluoğlu, The Egyptian Question 44–5

  73. Reed, ‘The Destruction of the Janissaries’ 122, 153, 155–8

  74. Reed, ‘The Destruction of the Janissaries’ ch. II, 109–11

  75. Zilfi, ‘A Medrese for the Palace’ 188

  76. Levy, ‘The Ottoman Ulema’ 13–14

  77. Heyd, ‘The Ottoman ‘Ulemā’ 93

  78. Reed, ‘The Destruction of the Janissaries’ 150; Levy, ‘The Ottoman Ulema’ 18–19

  79. Aksan, ‘Breaking the Spell’ 277

  80. Hagen, ‘The Prophet Muhammad’ 151–2

  81. Ahmed Lûtf î Efendi, Vak’anüvîs Ahmed Lûtfî Efendi Tarihi 1.94

  82. Fahmy, ‘The era of Muhammad ‘Ali Pasha’ 154

  83. Özcan, art. Eşkinci, İA2 11.470

  84. Reed, ‘The Destruction of the Janissaries’ 169–76, 186

  85. Reed, ‘The Destruction of the Janissaries’ 189–92

  86. Şirvânlı Fatih Efendi, Gülzâr-i Fütûhât 10

  87. Ahmed Lûtf î Efendi, Vak’anüvîs Ahmed Lûtfî Efendi Tarihi 1.101

  88. Reed, ‘The Destruction of the Janissaries’ 196

  89. Reed, ‘The Destruction of the Janissaries’ 199

  90. Reed, ‘The Destruction of the Janissaries’ 202–8, 210ff

  91. Reed, ‘The Destruction of the Janissaries’ 236–7

  92. Şirvânlı Fatih Efendi, Gülzâr-i Fütûhât 13

  93. Reed, ‘The Destruction of the Janissaries’ 249, 254ff, 279, 282

  94. Ahmed Lûtf î Efendï, Vak’anüvîs Ahmed Lûtfî Efendi Tarihi 1.140–41

  95. Erdem, ‘Recruitment’ 194

  96. Levy, ‘The Officer Corps’ 22

  97. Macfarlane, Constantinople in 1828 1.504

  98. Barnes, An Introduction to Religious Foundations 87–8, 90–91

  99. Ahmed Lûtfî Efendi, Vak’anüvîs Ahmed Lûtfî Efendi Tarihi 1.125

100. Reed, ‘The Destruction of the Janissaries’ 96, 238

101. Zarcone, Mystiques, Philosophes et Francs-Maçons 90, 92–3, 96–7

102. Levy, ‘Millet Politics’ 427–8

103. Shaw, The Jews of the Ottoman Empire 148–9

104. Eldem, ‘Istanbul: from imperial’ 164–74

105. Reed, ‘The Destruction of the Janissaries’ 330, 335–41

106. LeDonne, The Russian Empire 121–3

107. Yapp, The Making of the Modern Near East 70

108. Levy, ‘The Ottoman Ulema’ 30

109. Kaynar, Mustafa Reşit Paşa ve Tanzimat 191

110. Aydın, ‘Sultan II. Mahmud Döneminde’ 81ff

111. Özcan, ‘II. Mahmud Memleket Gezileri’ 361ff

112. Findley, Bureaucratic Reform 140–47

113. Findley, Ottoman Civil Officialdom 70–80; Findley, Bureaucratic Reform 145

114. Refik, Onüçüncü Asr-i Hicrî’de İstanbul Hayatı 11

115. Uzunçarşılı, ‘Asâkir-i Mansure-ye fes giydirilmesi’ 224ff

116. Quataert, ‘Clothing Laws, State’ 412–21

117. Heyd, ‘The Ottoman ‘Ulemā’ 70

118. Spatar, art. Muzika-i Hümayun, İst. Ansik. 6.11–12

119. Heyd, ‘The Ottoman ‘Ulemā’ 70

120. Ahmed Lûtf î Efendi, Vak’anüvîs Ahmed Lûtfî Efendi Tarihi 5.882; Kreiser, ‘Public Monuments’ 104–5, 115

121. Fahmy, ‘The era of Muhammad ‘Ali Pasha’ 159–65

122. Fahmy, ‘The era of Muhammad ‘Ali Pasha’ 165–6

123. Kutluoğlu, The Egyptian Question 55–6, 61ff

124. Kutluoğlu, The Egyptian Question 189–90

125. Fahmy, ‘The era of Muhammad ‘Ali Pasha’ 167

126. Kutluoğlu, The Egyptian Question 93–4

127. Kutluoğlu, The Egyptian Question 101–7

128. Fahmy, ‘The era of Muhammad ‘Ali Pasha’ 168, 170–72

129. Kutluoğlu, The Egyptian Question 125ff

130. Kutluoğlu, The Egyptian Question 146ff

131. Hurewitz, Diplomacy in the Near and Middle East 1.110–11 (Engl. translation of Convention)

132. Kutluoğlu, The Egyptian Question 161ff

133. Akarlı, ‘The Problems of External Pressures’ 13

Chapter Fourteen: A crisis of identity

    1. İnalcık, ‘Application of the Tanzimat’ 97–8

    2. Kaynar, Mustafa Reşit Paşa ve Tanzimat 178

    3. Hurewitz, Diplomacy in the Near and Middle East 1.113–16 (Engl. translation of the Gülhane Edict); İnalcık, ‘Sened-i İttifak’ 611–14; Kaynar, Mustafa Reşit Paşa ve Tanzimat 174–85

    4. Zürcher, art. Reshīd Pasha, Mustafa, EI2 VIII.484–5

    5. Atasoy, art. Hırka-i Saâdet, İA2 17.377; Tanman, art. Hırka-i Şerif Camii, İA2 17.378

    6. Abu-Manneh, ‘The Islamic Roots’ 182–8, 189, 194; Algar, art. Nakshbandiyya, EI2 VII.937

    7. Quataert, ‘The Age of Reforms’ 854–5

    8. İnalcık, ‘Application of the Tanzimat’ 98ff

    9. Imber, Ebu’s-su‘ud 31–2

  10. İnalcık, ‘Application of the Tanzimat’ 105

  11. İnalcık, ‘Application of the Tanzimat’ 116

  12. Shaw, ‘The Nineteenth-Century’ 421–4

  13. İnalcık, ‘Application of the Tanzimat’ 106

  14. Levy, ‘Millet Politics’ 425ff

  15. Pinson, ‘Ottoman Bulgaria’ 109

  16. İnalcık, ‘Application of the Tanzimat’ 115–24; Pinson, ‘Ottoman Bulgaria’ 105–13

  17. Zürcher, art. Reshīd Pasha, Mustafa, EI2 VIII.485

  18. İnalcık, ‘Application of the Tanzimat’ 113–14

  19. Pamuk, A Monetary History 193–6, 198

  20. Davison, ‘The First Ottoman Experiment’ 60ff

  21. Pamuk, A Monetary History 207–8

  22. Zürcher, art. Reshīd Pasha, Mustafa, EI2 VIII.485

  23. İnalcık, ‘Application of the Tanzimat’ 105, 124–7; Pinson, ‘Ottoman Bulgaria’ 113ff

  24. Pinson, ‘Ottoman Bulgaria’ 119–21, 132, 145

  25. Gülsoy, Osmanlı Gayrimüslimlerinin Askerlik Serüveni 39–42, 46–55

  26. Önsoy, ‘Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun Katıldığı’ 195–9

  27. Quataert, ‘The Age of Reforms’ 826

  28. LeDonne, The Russian Empire 125–6

  29. Peri, Christianity under Islam 202

  30. Mango, Materials for the Study 10–11

  31. Necipoğlu, ‘The Life of an Imperial Monument’ 220–21

  32. Mango, Materials for the Study 8, 12, 135–6

  33. Necipoğlu, ‘The Life of an Imperial Monument’ 224–5

  34. LeDonne, The Russian Empire 126–7

  35. LeDonne, The Russian Empire 126–7

  36. Hurewitz, Diplomacy in the Near and Middle East 1.153–6 (Engl. text of Treaty of Paris)

  37. Fuller, Strategy and Power 265–8

  38. Hurewitz, Diplomacy in the Near and Middle East 1.149–53 (Engl. translation of Reform Edict)

  39. Gülsoy, ‘1856 Islâhât Fermanı’na Tepkiler’ 446–7

  40. (Ahmed) Cevdet Paşa, Tezakir 1.68

  41. Bozkurt, Alman-İngiliz Belgelerinin 71–83; Gülsoy, ‘1856 Islâhât Fermanı’na Tepkiler’ 448–58

  42. Zarcone, Mystiques, Philosophes et Francs-Maçons 94

  43. Davison, Reform in the Ottoman Empire 100–102

  44. Hurewitz, Diplomacy in the Near and Middle East 1.151

  45. Hosking, Russia: People and Empire 236–8

  46. Deringil, ‘“There is no Compulsion in Religion”’ 114–19

  47. Refik, Onikinci Asr-i Hicrî’de İstanbul Hayatı 21–2, 32–3, 35, 160–63

  48. Salt, Imperialism, Evangelism 32–3

  49. Salt, Imperialism, Evangelism 34–5

  50. Deringil, ‘“There is no Compulsion in Religion”’ 119–30

  51. Gülsoy, Osmanlı Gayrimüslimlerinin Askerlik Serüveni 55ff

  52. Findley, Bureaucratic Reform 132–5

  53. Mardin, Religion and Social Change 113

  54. Davison, art. Tanzīmāt, EI2 X.205

  55. Akarlı, ‘The Problems of External Pressures’ 16

  56. Davison, art. Midhat Pasha, EI2 VI.1032

  57. Todorova, ‘Midhat Paşa’s Governorship’ 116, 120

  58. Todorova, ‘Midhat Paşa’s Governorship’ 119–26

  59. Davison, art. Midhat Pasha, EI2 VI.1032–3

  60. Akarlı, ‘The Problems of External Pressures’ 15

  61. Akarlı, The Long Peace 22–33

  62. Dumont, ‘La pacification du Sud-Est anatolien’ 108ff; Gould, ‘Lords or Bandits?’ 485ff

  63. Erdem, Slavery in the Ottoman Empire 94–107

  64. (Ahmed) Cevdet Paşa, Tezakir 1.111–12

  65. Toledano, The Ottoman Slave Trade 129–35

  66. Erdem, Slavery in the Ottoman Empire 107–13; Toledano, The Ottoman Slave Trade 135

  67. Toledano, Slavery and Abolition 81ff

  68. Masters, ‘The Sultan’s Entrepreneurs’ 586; Masters, The Origins of Western Economic Dominance 94, 96–7

  69. Naff, ‘Ottoman Diplomatic Relations’ 103

  70. Quataert, ‘The Age of Reforms’ 838

  71. Masters, ‘The Sultan’s Entrepreneurs’ 579, 594

  72. Eldem, ‘Istanbul: from imperial’ 194

  73. Akarlı, ‘The Problems of External Pressures’ 20

  74. Issawi, ‘Introduction’ 8

  75. Küçük, art. Abdülaziz, İA2 1.180

  76. Hunter, ‘Egypt under the successors’ 193

  77. Şehsuvaroğlu, ‘Sultan Abdülaziz’in Avrupa Seyahatı’ 41–51

  78. Vatikiotis, art. Isma‘il Pasha, EI2 IV.192

  79. Çelik, Displaying the Orient 32–6

  80. Yapp, The Making of the Modern Near East 175

  81. Çelik, Displaying the Orient 145–51

  82. Vatikiotis, art. Isma‘il Pasha, EI2 IV.192

  83. Hunter, ‘Egypt under the successors’ 186–94

  84. Davison, Reform in the Ottoman Empire 197–217; Kuran, art. (Mustafā) Fādil Pasha (Misirli), EI2 II.728

  85. Ibrahim, ‘The Egyptian empire’ 210–15

  86. Kreiser, ‘Public Monuments’ 103ff

  87. Eldem, Pride and Privilege 216–22, 230–34

  88. Mardin, The Genesis 10ff

  89. Akarlı, ‘The Problems of External Pressures’ 21–2

  90. Karpat, ‘The Transformation’ 261

  91. Mardin, The Genesis 10ff, 115–16

  92. Mardin, Religion and Social Change 107

  93. Kuran, ‘Répercussions sociales’ 144–6

  94. Deringil, The Well-Protected Domains 93

  95. Kuran, ‘Répercussions sociales’ 146

  96. Kushner, ‘The Place of the Ulema’ 63–6, 69–74

  97. Halaçoğlu and Aydın, art. Cevdet Paşa, İA2 7.444, 445, 447

  98. Mardin, Religion and Social Change 114–15; Findley, art. Medjelle, EI2 VI.971–2

  99. Messick, The Calligraphic State 54

100. Mardin, Religion and Social Change 117–18

101. Mardin, Religion and Social Change 117–18

102. Köprülü, art. Fuad Paşa, Keçecizâde, İA2 13.203

103. Abu-Manneh, ‘The Sultan and the Bureaucracy’ 257ff

104. Küçük, art. Abdülaziz, İA2 1.181

105. Pamuk, A Monetary History 214

106. Yasamee, Ottoman Diplomacy 13–14

107. Davison, art. Midhat Pasha, EI2 VI.1033

108. Davison, Reform in the Ottoman Empire 318ff

109. Devereux, ‘Süleyman Pasha’s “The Feeling”’ 3, 14

110. Devereux, ‘Süleyman Pasha’s “The Feeling”’ 15–16

111. Baykal, İbretnümâ 4

112. Devereux, ‘Süleyman Pasha’s “The Feeling”’ 16ff

113. Devereux, ‘Süleyman Pasha’s “The Feeling”’ 26, 27

114. Devereux, ‘Süleyman Pasha’s “The Feeling”’ 31–2

115. Baykal, İbretnümâ 5–6

116. (Ahmed) Cevdet Paşa, Tezakir 4.156

117. Baykal, İbretnümâ 6–14

118. Baykal, İbretnümâ 19

119. Davison, Reform in the Ottoman Empire 346

120. (Ahmed) Cevdet Paşa, Tezakir 4.160

121. Uzunçarşılı, Midhat ve Rüstü Paşaların Tevkiflerine 54

122. Davison, Reform in the Ottoman Empire 342ff

123. McCarthy, Death and Exile 60

124. McCarthy, Death and Exile 33–6, 59–61, 94–5

125. Fuller, Strategy and Power 271

126. Fuller, Strategy and Power 323–7; LeDonne, The Russian Empire 141–2

127. Noradounghian, Recueil d’actes internationaux 4.206–7; Milgrim, ‘An Overlooked Problem’ 519ff

128. Yasamee, Ottoman Diplomacy 58–9

129. Salt, Imperialism, Evangelism 57–8

130. Ortaylı, ‘Greeks in the Ottoman Administration’ 165

131. Sked, The Decline and Fall 243–4

Chapter Fifteen: The Islamic empire

    1. Salt, ‘The Narrative Gap’ 34

    2. Deringil, The Well-Protected Domains 2

    3. Yasamee, Ottoman Diplomacy 20

    4. Yasamee, Ottoman Diplomacy 20

    5. Davison, Reform in the Ottoman Empire 338ff; Yasamee, Ottoman Diplomacy 15

    6. Davison, art. Midhat Pasha, EI2 VI.1033–4

    7. Küçük, art. Çırağan Vak‘ası, İA2 8.306–9

    8. Yasamee, Ottoman Diplomacy 61–2

    9. Akarlı, ‘The Problems of External Pressures’ 191; Karpat, Ottoman Population 28

  10. Yasamee, Ottoman Diplomacy 16, 17

  11. Deringil, The Well-Protected Domains 139, 150ff

  12. Özcan, art. Hilâfet, İA2 17.548

  13. Karateke, Padişahım Çok Yaşa! 52–6; Lewis, ‘The Ottoman Empire’ 292–3

  14. Özcan, art. Hilâfet, İA2 17.548

  15. (Ahmed) Cevdet Paşa, Tezakir 2.152; cf. Lewis, ‘The Ottoman Empire’ 293

  16. Özcan, ‘Sultan II. Abdulhamid’in “Pan-Islâm”’ 123ff

  17. Ortaylı, İmparatorluğun En Uzun Yüzyılı 63

  18. Aydın, ‘Livadya Sef âretleri’ 321ff; Ortaylı, ‘Reforms of Petrine Russia’ 47

  19. Özcan, art. Hilâfet, İA2 17.547

  20. Deringil, The Well-Protected Domains 48; Haddad, review of Deringil, The Well-Protected Domains 209

  21. Özcan, art. Hilâfet, İA2 17.547

  22. Yasamee, Ottoman Diplomacy 27, 87ff

  23. Buzpınar, ‘The Hijaz, Abdulhamid II’ 99ff esp. 106, 114

  24. Ochsenwald, Religion, Society 188–9

  25. Kayalı, Arabs and Young Turks 32

  26. Deringil, The Well-Protected Domains 57–60

  27. Abu-Manneh, ‘Sultan Abdulhamid II’ 138–42

  28. Abu-Manneh, ‘Sultan Abdulhamid II’ 143–8

  29. Hanioğlu, The Young Turks 74–5, 63, 64, 84–6, 106–7, 130–31

  30. Deringil, ‘Legitimacy Structures’ 347–9

  31. Haddad, review of Deringil, The Well-Protected Domains 209

  32. Deringil, The Well-Protected Domains 77

  33. Hanioğlu, Preparation for a Revolution 115

  34. Özcan, art. Hilâfet, İA2 17.548

  35. Deringil, The Well-Protected Domains 148

  36. Deringil, ‘Les Ottomans et le partage’ 43ff; Karpat, The Politicization of Islam 258ff

  37. (Ahmed) Cevdet Paşa, Tezakir 4.195

  38. Deringil, ‘Legitimacy Structures’ 352–3

  39. Broomhall, Islam in China 291–3; Sırma, ‘II. Abdülhamid’in Çin müslümanlarını’ 559ff

  40. Deringil, ‘Legitimacy Structures’ 350, 358

  41. Akarlı, ‘The Problems of External Pressures’ 182, 202–3

  42. Akarlı, ‘The Problems of External Pressures’ 96, 104–36

  43. Akarlı, ‘The Problems of External Pressures’ 77

  44. Davison, art. Midhat Pasha, EI2 VI.1034

  45. (Ahmed) Cevdet Paşa, Tezakir 4.156–7

  46. Baykal, İbretnümâ

  47. Uzunçarşılı, Midhat Paşa ve Yıldız Mahkemesi 307–8, 321–9

  48. Baykal, İbretnümâ 63–7

  49. Uzunçarşılı, Midhat Paşa ve Tâif Mahkûmları 22–4, 56ff

  50. Baykal, İbretnümâ viii–ix

  51. Buzpınar, ‘The Hijaz, Abdulhamid II’ 105–6

  52. Gawrych, ‘Ottoman Administration’ 3

  53. Gawrych, ‘Ottoman Administration’ 24ff; Yasamee, Ottoman Diplomacy 63–4, 76–8

  54. Salt, Imperialism, Evangelism 61–4

  55. Duguid, ‘The Politics of Unity’ 144–8

  56. Salt, Imperialism, Evangelism 72–93

  57. Salt, Imperialism, Evangelism 93–110

  58. Fatma Müge Göçek, personal communication

  59. Yasamee, Ottoman Diplomacy 73–5

  60. Clogg, A Short History 93–4

  61. Hanioğlu, The Young Turks 71–7

  62. Hanioğlu, The Young Turks 78ff

  63. Hanioğlu, The Young Turks 126–36, 142–6

  64. Hanioğlu, The Young Turks 173ff

  65. Hanioğlu, Preparation for a Revolution 8ff, 39–46

  66. Hanioğlu, Preparation for a Revolution 130–36

  67. Hanioğlu, Preparation for a Revolution 136ff, 294

  68. Hanioğlu, Preparation for a Revolution 106ff, 121, 123

  69. Kansu, The Revolution of 1908 36, 38; Akarlı, ‘The Problems of External Pressures’ 155–73

  70. Kansu, The Revolution of 1908 36, 38; Akarlı, ‘The Problems of External Pressures’ 155–73

  71. Kansu, The Revolution of 1908 41–2; Hanioğlu, Preparation for a Revolution 104–9

  72. Hanioğlu, Preparation for a Revolution 109–14; Kansu, The Revolution of 1908 44–9

  73. Hanioğlu, Preparation for a Revolution 91–5, 114–20

  74. Hanioğlu, Preparation for a Revolution 120

  75. Hanioğlu, Preparation for a Revolution 191ff

  76. Zürcher, The Unionist Factor 37–41; Hanioğlu, Preparation for a Revolution 215–16

  77. Hanioğlu, Preparation for a Revolution 217

  78. Jelavich, The Establishment 207–13

  79. Hanioğlu, Preparation for a Revolution 218

  80. Hanioğlu, Preparation for a Revolution 217–32

  81. Anderson, The Eastern Question 271–3

  82. Kansu, The Revolution of 1908 41–2

  83. Hanioğlu, Preparation for a Revolution 232–61, 296

  84. Hanioğlu, Preparation for a Revolution 263–4, 266–71

  85. Hanioğlu, Preparation for a Revolution 273–5

  86. Hanioğlu, Preparation for a Revolution 283

  87. Hanioğlu, Preparation for a Revolution 311

  88. Kansu, The Revolution of 1908 160–62

  89. Kansu, The Revolution of 1908 184–92

  90. Kayalı, ‘Elections and the Electoral Process’ 267–73

  91. Unat, İkinci Meşrutiyetin İlânı 25–30, 31–3, 35–6, 39–41, 42–3

  92. Karakışla, ‘The 1908 Strike Wave’ 154–6, 168, 173–5

  93. Quataert, ‘Ottoman Workers’ 37

  94. Hanioğlu, Preparation for a Revolution 121

  95. Unat, İkinci Meşrutiyetin İlânı 19, 44

  96. Farhi, ‘The Şeriat as a Political Slogan’ 275

  97. Zürcher, ‘Ottoman Labour Battalions’

  98. Farhi, ‘The Şeriat as a Political Slogan’ 276

  99. Kansu, Politics in Post-Revolutionary Turkey 69, 77ff

100. Unat, İkinci Meşrutiyetin İlânı 68–75, 78, 80–87, 97–100, 145–6, 148–54

101. Farhi, ‘The Şeriat as a Political Slogan’ 291–4

102. Unat, İkinci Meşrutiyetin İlânı 82

103. Mango, Atatürk 89; Kansu, Politics in Post-Revolutionary Turkey 137–47

104. Kansu, Politics in Post-Revolutionary Turkey 118–25

105. Ahmad, The Young Turks 58–9

106. Hale, Turkish Politics and the Military 41; William Hale, personal communication

107. Ahmad, The Young Turks 48–9, 54

108. Ahmad, The Young Turks 61–3

109. Zürcher, ‘The Ottoman Conscription System’ 89–90

110. Ahmad, The Young Turks 73

111. Ahmad, The Young Turks 55, 82–3

112. Kayalı, ‘Elections and the Electoral Process’ 272–7

113. Kansu, Politics in Post-Revolutionary Turkey 398–408

114. Kayalı, ‘Elections and the Electoral Process’ 277–8

115. Gawrych, ‘Ottoman Administration’ 103–4, 287ff

116. Zürcher, ‘Kosovo Revisited’ 26ff, 36

117. Kayalı, Arabs and Young Turks 84; cf. Kansu, The Revolution of 1908 238, 239

118. Kayalı, Arabs and Young Turks 91–4, 96–100

119. Özcan, ‘Sultan II. Abdulhamid’in “Pan-Islam”’ 128, 139

120. Kayalı, Arabs and Young Turks 108–11, 124–5

121. Anderson, ‘Nineteenth-century Reform’ 338–9, 341–3

122. Mango,Atatürk 101

123. Haley, ‘The Desperate Ottoman’ 1–15

124. Anderson, The Eastern Question 290–91

125. Dumont and Georgeon, ‘La mort d’un empire’ 604–7

126. Anderson, The Eastern Question 293–6

127. Dumont and Georgeon, ‘La mort d’un empire’ 608

128. Mango, Atatürk 117–20

129. Mango, Atatürk 120–22

130. Kayalı, Arabs and Young Turks 130–34

131. Kayalı, Arabs and Young Turks 135–7, 139

132. Kayalı, Arabs and Young Turks 176

Chapter Sixteen: The storm before the calm

    1. Kayalı, ‘Elections and the Electoral Process’ 279, 280

    2. Tanilli, ‘Le tournant de 1913’ 348–51

    3. Hale, Turkish Politics and the Military 49

    4. Mango, Atatürk 133–4

    5. Ahmad, ‘The Late Ottoman Empire’ 15

    6. Haley, ‘The Desperate Ottoman’ 24–45

    7. Yasamee, Ottoman Diplomacy 73ff; Trumpener, ‘Germany and the End’ 111ff

    8. Mango, Atatürk 134–5

    9. Mango, Atatürk 134

  10. Tanilli, ‘Le tournant de 1913’ 352

  11. Ahmad, ‘The Late Ottoman Empire’ 17

  12. Mango, Atatürk 135, 136

  13. Peters, Islam and Colonialism 90–94

  14. Zürcher, ‘Between Death and Desertion’ 250–53

  15. Zürcher, ‘The Ottoman Empire and the Armistice of Moudros’

  16. Zürcher, ‘Between Death and Desertion’ 242–4

  17. Zürcher, ‘Between Death and Desertion’ 239–46; Zürcher, ‘The Ottoman Empire and the Armistice of Moudros’

  18. Kayalı, Arabs and Young Turks 126, 192–6, 198–200

  19. Kayalı, Arabs and Young Turks 124–5, 128, 196–9

  20. Yapp, The Making of the Modern Near East 275

  21. Yapp, The Making of the Modern Near East 266ff

  22. Hanioğlu, ‘Jews in the Young Turk Movement’ 519ff

  23. Olson, ‘The Young Turks and the Jews’ 233

  24. Benbassa, ‘Associational Strategies’ 463–4

  25. Ortaylı, ‘Ottomanism and Zionism’ 532–4

  26. Zürcher, ‘Ottoman Labour Battalions’

  27. Sonyel, The Ottoman Armenians 291–300

  28. Süslü, Armenians and the 1915 Event 100–106 (Engl. text)

  29. Süslü, Armenians and the 1915 Event 106–10

  30. Dadrian, ‘The Documentation’ 565

  31. Mango, ‘A Speaking Turkey’ 161

  32. Salt, ‘The Narrative Gap’ 19ff

  33. Keyder, ‘Manufacturing in the Ottoman Empire’ 128–30, 133–7

  34. Hurewitz, Diplomacy in the Near and Middle East 2.37

  35. Mango, Atatürk 190

  36. Criss, Istanbul under Allied Occupation 60ff

  37. Zürcher, ‘The Ottoman Empire and the Armistice of Moudros’

  38. Criss, Istanbul under Allied Occupation 60ff

  39. Goldstein, ‘Holy Wisdom and British Foreign Policy’ 36ff

  40. Dadrian, ‘The Documentation’ 552, 554, 556–60, 561–2, 571 n.33

  41. Andrew Mango, personal communication

  42. Mango, Atatürk 217

  43. Zürcher, ‘The Ottoman Empire and the Armistice of Moudros’

  44. Goldstein, ‘Holy Wisdom and British Foreign Policy’ 60–61

  45. Mango, Atatürk 198–201, 207–9, 211

  46. Mango, Atatürk 212–21

  47. Zürcher, Political Opposition 14–15; Criss, Istanbul under Allied Occupation 98ff

  48. Mango, Atatürk 195, 221, 225, 227, 228

  49. Mango, Atatürk 221, 230

  50. Mango, Atatürk 238–41, 244–9

  51. Zürcher, Turkey 143, 144, 157–8

  52. Mango, Atatürk 264, 269

  53. Mango, Atatürk 269–73

  54. Mango, Atatürk 276–7

  55. Mango, Atatürk 275, 279, 282

  56. Mango, Atatürk 287–97, 558

  57. Mango, Atatürk 310–21

  58. Andrew Mango, personal communication

  59. Zürcher, ‘From empire to republic’

  60. Mango, Atatürk 344

  61. Dadrian, ‘The Naim-Andonian Documents’ 336–8

  62. Mango, Atatürk 406

  63. Zürcher, Political Opposition 32ff

  64. Zürcher, Political Opposition 32–8, esp. 36

  65. Özcan, art. Hilâfet, IA2 17.551–2

  66. Zürcher, ‘From empire to republic’

  67. McCarthy, ‘Foundations of the Turkish Republic’ 142

  68. Matthews, ‘The Ottoman Inheritance Inventory’ 100–101

  69. Mango, Atatürk 37, 109

  70. Mardin, The Genesis 326–8, 331

  71. Deringil, The Well-Protected Domains 32

  72. Deringil, The Well-Protected Domains 170

  73. Hanioğlu, Preparation for a Revolution 295–9

  74. Eissenstadt, ‘Turkic Immigrants/Turkish Nationalism’ 25ff

  75. Georgeon, ‘Les Foyers Turcs’ 197–202

  76. Mango, ‘Atatürk and the Kurds’ 1ff

  77. Tunçay, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nde Tek-Parti 134–44, 172–3, 178–9; van Bruinissen, Agha, Shaikh and State 265ff

  78. Tunçay, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nde Tek-Parti 173

  79. Zürcher, Turkey 181

  80. Zürcher, Political Opposition

  81. Mango, Atatürk 433–8

  82. Zürcher, Political Opposition 86

  83. Zürcher, ‘The Last Phase’ 371–7; Mango, Atatürk 445–53

  84. Mustapha Kemal, A Speech Delivered

  85. Mustapha Kemal, A Speech Delivered 658–80

  86. Mustapha Kemal, A Speech Delivered 686–721

  87. Zürcher, ‘From empire to republic’

  88. Gür, ‘Atatürk heykelleri’ 147ff

  89. Mango, Atatürk 462–3

  90. Mustapha Kemal, A Speech Delivered 680–86, 721–3

  91. Mustapha Kemal, A Speech Delivered 721

  92. Mango, ‘A Speaking Turkey’ 157