Chapter 6

Curriculum and Standardized Testing

This section is intended to help principals and other administrators with oral and written communication related to curriculum and standardized testing. If a parent or teachers’ group wants to find the weak points in a district, they are most likely going to start in these areas. Therefore, it is important that you have formal policies, objectives, and reasoning in place to defend why and what you are teaching within the district.

Perfect Phrases for Course Descriptions

It is important to be able to describe how your staff teaches a particular course. Parents may want to know how your school approaches teaching. Here are some phrases to best describe what students learned and how your school’s philosophy applies to the courses:

This is our first year offering this course in____________.

We have designed the course so that it can . . .

Our courses are mirrored to meet state guidelines and standards. For example, please note . . .

Our programs were designed to serve . . .

To perfect our programs, we constantly seek feedback.

We believe that just “good enough” is never good enough for our students.

The school’s educational philosophy is based upon . . ., so it is only natural that our programs are based upon . . .

We strive to . . .

Since our inception, we have been driven to achieve academic excellence. This is reflected through our programs such as____________, which serve children by . . .

Your child takes part in our____________program.

Your child attended classes on/in____________with a specific focus on the skills/topic of . . . this past semester.

The teacher helped students brush up on . . .

Based on my training and educational philosophy, which is aligned with . . ., I feel that . . .

This course will encourage your child to . . .

This class is a mirrored environment designed to serve as a prerequisite to an apprenticeship or career vocation.

The focus has been on . . .

This program serves as a prerequisite to . . .

We have been focusing on major topics such as . . .

Students have been learning about . . . in class.

We have been working with students in the areas of . . .

We have concentrated on . . .

While going to school here, your child has learned . . .

Your child has been taught to . . .

Your child is being instructed in . . . and will upon completion move to . . .

Perfect Phrases to Indicate Compliance with State Guidelines

Parents want to know what you are doing to help students learn. You have to be able to defend what your staff is teaching in the classroom. You also need to align yourself with state curriculum guidelines and district regulations. These materials are not always made available to you, and you may have to seek them out. Every state has a published set of guidelines that you can request, and most can be downloaded online. There is little excuse for a school district or a teacher not to be in compliance with these guidelines. Here are some phrases to show that your curriculum and method of teaching is in compliance:

We are in compliance with . . .

We have complied with both state and federal regulations. Our teachers adhere to strict guidelines that require them to . . .

The curriculum at____________is designed to mirror state curriculum guidelines.

The____________statute requires. . . . We are meeting the spirit of this statute by . . .

We are working on a plan of corrective action to ensure our compliance with . . .

We hope to comply with . . . by . . .

We are in the initial phases of compliance and hope to be fully compliant by____________.

Unorthodox methods of teaching may be acceptable to some, but here at [name institution] we believe in traditional methods that promote . . .

The curriculum dictates . . .

Perfect Phrases for Curriculum Reports

Curriculum reports are generated to show the sequence of material and information being taught to learners. Following are some introductory phrases to use when presenting the curriculum to new faculty members who may want to teach outside of your curriculum framework. When writing up curriculum reports, you may want to remind teachers that the word curriculum is used to describe a singular form of study, and that the word curricula is used to describe plural forms of study. Curriculum can include, but is not limited to, the production of set courses; the prospectus, program, or syllabus; the core curriculum; and/or the national curriculum within a program of study. Let’s start with basic phrases that can be used to introduce materials within a set curriculum. These phrases are written to help you modify how you present the core concepts and can be adapted to meet your school’s needs.

____________is about understanding . . . and the design of curriculum and assessments.

____________will participate in a unit on . . .

We intend to identify the desired results.

We are choosing to test the merits of . . .

The merits of our claims . . .

We encourage . . . to . . .

To match our learning goals, . . .

We use the appropriate evidence produced by . . .

We like to coach by using the following design: . . .

From the sidelines, our professional staff helps our students . . .

Have no misconceptions about our curriculum design, as it is based upon . . .

Coverage of materials includes . . .

Traditional design is based on . . .

A weaker educational design would be visible if . . .

Our curriculum and assessments grasp the key concepts of . . .

After framing our goals, . . .

We meet specific performance goals.

En route to designing a course curriculum of merit, we have . . .

We are known for taking different approaches to creating courses in order to achieve our identified results.

It is essential that we determine what is or isn’t acceptable evidence of academic merit.

Our curriculum teams plan learning experiences and content-based instruction on . . .

Having clear goals has helped us focus on creating courses that pass accreditation standards.

Perspective combined with cutting-edge concepts in higher education has led our institution to . . .

To appropriately meet our standards and assess our goals, we use evidence from assessments and other tools before beginning any plan of action toward the creation of our courses.

We work toward the same content standards when working on curriculum design.

A fair depiction of our curriculum would include, but not be limited to, . . .

Using useful formats and templates, we have created units within our curriculum that allow for . . .

Our curriculum demonstrates established goals.

Basic principles of curriculum design and understanding are evident as a result of . . .

Using assessment evidence, we provide classes that prepare our students for real-world experiences.

The function of our curriculum guide is to serve as a . . .

Varied evidence grounded in performance can transfer between course contents when our departments propose courses to . . .

After the review of curriculum draft designs, . . .

Peer reviews of curriculum are completed in cycles.

The quality of the curriculum as a product is invariably enhanced by . . .

Steadying the influence of variables when creating an academic curriculum can prove challenging.

When applied, the proposed frameworks of the curriculum allow for . . .

Enhanced by cognitive tasks, the curriculum for courses in the____________department prompts learners to . . .

Referring to curricular models such as . . .

When identifying desired results, our curriculum writers highlight . . .

We use explicit learning experiences and instruction in order to . . .

Design considerations such as . . . are essential in curriculum design.

Some argue backward designs will yield greater coherence and better learning experiences.

Key design questions for curriculum include . . .

National, state, and local standards are always considered when creating curriculum.

Understanding of curriculum design differs depending on . . .

Conceptual uncertainties can arise when designing course curriculum.

Evidence suggests that . . . is the best approach to curriculum design.

After a review of previous courses, we have decided to update the current curriculum in the following ways: . . .

When designing curriculum, it is essential to find meaningful inferences.

Implicating standards that can be understood and used in the classroom for improving comprehension and understanding is essential because . . .

Verifiable claims within a curriculum need to be referenced to build a well-rounded perspective on various issues.

Curriculum theory suggests . . .

Encountering . . . issues in curriculum design is not uncommon.

To over- or underestimate the educational importance of curriculum design would be . . .

Constraints within the curriculum include, but are not limited to, . . .

As we know, a standard is different from a performance indicator; that is why as curriculum writers we create goals and assess evidence by . . .

To gain clarity on our curricular goals, we will need to . . .

When writing long-term goals versus short-term goals, we must refer back to our curriculum and target performance objectives.

Content mastery of curricular materials is an appropriate approach to furthering . . .

Identifying bias within a curriculum serves to . . .

The central purpose of inquiry on why we chose the specific design centers around . . .

Course objectives must mirror the assessment process. Therefore, we ask you to note the following in our curriculum design proposal: . . .

We ask that you refine and resubmit your curriculum proposal for further explanation, as the . . .

Basic terms and core ideas are found within our modular design, which allows our curriculum to be more cohesive in terms of . . .

Universal applications to curriculum design usually include . . .

The curriculum serves as a conceptual lens that learners and instructors can use to provide focus as they further their knowledge about . . .

Content-based curriculum design states . . .

Skill-focused courses rely on concepts developed by . . . designs within a given curriculum.

Framing goals within a curriculum . . .

The minimal requirements for curriculum proposals must include the following details, philosophies, and rationales: . . .

Interpreting curriculum means transforming understanding into . . .

The essential connotations associated with the following curriculum are as follows: . . .

Questioning curriculum design is the fundamental practice of bettering education and learning experiences for students enrolled in our courses, and thus it ultimately helps our learners compete for the best jobs in top markets.

Perfect Phrases for Designing and Assessing Educational Objectives

The following category words can be used if you are giving a talk or writing statements dealing with the design of educational objectives or assessing the methods to get to the educational objectives. You can use these words within your phrases to categorize the type of educational objectives you are designing or assessing:

Appropriate contextual knowledge

Categories

Classifications

Generalizations

Knowledge of criteria

Models

Principles

Reliable sources of information

Self-knowledge

Specific details and elements

Strategic knowledge

Structures

Subject-specific skills

Subject-specific techniques

Terminology

Theories

Vocabulary

In your documentation, make sure that you note how objectives will be accomplished by using the verb that best describes the activity. Here is a list of common verbs used in educational objectives:

Absorbing

Accounting for

Analyzing

Applying

Ascertaining

Attributing

Becoming more skilled at

Checking

Clarifying

Classifying

Coaching

Commencing

Comparing

Creating

Critiquing

Defending

Depicting

Differentiating

Discovering

Distinguishing

Edifying

Educating

Elucidating

Engaging

Engrossing

Enlightening

Entailing

Establishing

Evaluating

Executing

Exemplifying

Explaining

Explicating

Expressing

Familiarizing

Finding out about

Gaining knowledge of

Generating

Giving a picture of

Giving details for

Giving reasons for

Grasping

Gripping

Hosting

Identifying

Illustrating

Implementing

Inferring

Initiating

Instituting

Instructing

Interpreting

Justifying

Launching

Learning

Lecturing

Making clear

Making students aware of

Necessitating

Occupying

Organizing

Planning

Pointing out

Portraying

Positing

Presenting

Producing

Putting into plain words

Rationalizing

Recalling

Recognizing

Remembering

Requiring

Riveting

Schooling

Showing

Starting

Studying

Summarizing

Taking notes

Teaching

Telling

Training

Tutoring

Understanding

In explaining or justifying an educational objective, you will need to show what the objective will enable the learner to do, if accomplished. Explanations may include the following phrases:

Allows the learner to analyze errors

Allows the learner to classify and identify categories

Allows the learner to conduct investigations

Allows the learner to construct symbolic representation

Allows the learner to determine the extent to which he or she can . . .

Allows the learner to establish and identify core beliefs

Allows the learner to execute . . .

Allows the learner to form hypotheses

Allows the learner to identify basic structures of information

Allows the learner to identify errors

Allows the learner to identify logical sequences

Allows the learner to integrate information

Allows the learner to investigate . . .

Allows the learner to make generalizations

Allows the learner to match concepts

Allows the learner to perform a procedure without significant error

Allows the learner to produce . . .

Allows the learner to recall information

Allows the learner to recognize differences

Allows the learner to relate information

Allows the learner to specify . . .

Allows the learner to use information

Some objectives will demonstrate or explain an action to justify the completion of the course or target objective. The following phrases are often used for documentation purposes:

Demonstrates a knowledge of classifications and categories

Demonstrates a knowledge of conventions

Demonstrates a knowledge of methodology

Demonstrates a knowledge of specific facts

Demonstrates a knowledge of terminology

Demonstrates a knowledge of trends or sequences

Demonstrates a level of educational principles

Demonstrates Bloom’s taxonomy of evaluation, synthesis, analysis, application, comprehension, and knowledge

Demonstrates educational structures based on accepted theories

Demonstrates educational theories

Demonstrates generalizations in an educational context

Examines process monitoring

Examines student motivation

Examines the efficacy of . . .

Examines the emotional response to . . .

Examines the importance of . . .

In other forms of documentation to justify the learning objective you will need to show the benchmark it meets or the level of ability used. Here are some phrases to help you do this:

Level of processing includes a self-system of evaluation

Level of processing is at analysis

Level of processing is at comprehension

Level of processing is at knowledge utilization

Level of processing is at retrieval

Level of processing uses a metacognitive system

Meets mental procedures

Meets minimum requirements of information required

Meets psychomotor procedures

Evaluating objectives in some documents may require you to phrase your assessments in other ways. Here are some sample phrases to help you with your reports:

Monitors accuracy

Monitors issues in fluency

Objective lets student demonstrate ability to . . .

Offers the learner a chance to experiment with data

Specifies . . . learning goals

Specifies . . . educational objectives

Utilizes important decision-making skills

Utilizes important problem-solving skills

Monitors student’s ability to grasp vocabulary terms

Monitors student’s ability to grasp facts vs. opinions

Monitors student’s ability to grasp time sequences

Monitors student’s ability to grasp academic principles

Monitors student’s ability to grasp generalizations

Monitors student’s ability to grasp concepts of . . .

Encourages students to learn more specific levels of information

Encourages further practice

Looks at categories of mental procedures

Categories of psychomotor procedures

Breaks down the components of the three knowledge domains

Looks at categories of student-related procedures

Addresses the concept of identification

Addresses the issues of similarities and differences

Address the process of . . .

Specifies attributes of . . .

Helps to determine . . .

Identifies defining characteristics

Identifies the analyzing of errors

Looks for patterns or connections

Helps students make general statements

Focuses on specific pieces of information

Identifies the impact of each step

Breaks down learning components by . . .

Corrects faulty or ineffective methods of . . .

Teaches the application of . . .

Helps to identify alternatives

Identifies particular criteria important to . . .

Allows for the selection of alternatives

Allows for systematic application

Allows for the evaluation of alternatives

Allows for the selecting and executing of alternatives

Encourages learners to make predictions

Encourages the design of . . .

Encourages student to work with observational data

Works to identify what is known or agreed upon

Identifies areas of confusion

Provides answers to commonly confused concepts

Monitors accuracy and clarity of specific learning goals

Offers students a self-system of thinking

Determines if a student can examine and differentiate between levels of . . .

Examines importance

Examines efficacy

Examines emotional response to . . .

Examines overall motivation

Allows the individual learner to perceive . . .

Impacts the learning goal by . . .

Retrieves information through recognition

Infers information

Implies inferences and conclusions

Allows for the support of textual evidence with or without prior knowledge

Determines whether incoming information is accurate or inaccurate

Allows student to determine details

Allows students to organize information and ideas

Creates a mental procedure

Creates a structured method for detailing information and organizing ideas

Encourages learners to use list selection

Helps learners to identify from a list

Helps learners to determine if statements are true

Allows for constructed responses

Exemplifies the curriculum frameworks by . . .

When evaluating other objectives, you need to know what the objective is going to allow the learner to do in a specific situation. Here are some sample phrases to help you document:

Lets the learner describe the complex process of . . .

Lets the learner describe how or why . . .

Lets the learner describe cause and effect

Lets the learner describe relationships between . . .

Allows learners to make connections between . . .

Objective depicts . . .

Objective serves to represent . . .

Objective used illustrates . . .

Objective draws upon . . .

Objective is based on the____________model/theory/hypotheses

Objective charts student progress by . . .

Sometimes when you are evaluating educational objectives, there is very little leeway because the materials or curriculum to be taught is mandated by the state or the district. In these cases, when evaluating benchmarks, you may want to consider phrasing information as follows:

Requires student to categorize

Requires student to differentiate

Requires student to discriminate

Requires student to distinguish

Requires student to sort

Requires student to create an analogy

Requires students to depict critical elements

Requires students to use like terms

Requires learners to describe critical elements of . . .

The objective requires learners to identify problems

The objective requires learners to identify issues

The objective requires learners to identify misunderstandings between . . .

The objective requires learners to assess and critique . . .

The objective requires learners to diagnose . . .

The objective requires learners to evaluate . . .

The objective requires learners to edit and revise . . .

The objective requires learners to trace the development of . . .

The objective requires learners to draw conclusions

When assessing objectives, you must also apply them to student learning and the students’ ability to put the theory into practice. Here are some examples of phrases that describe how the accomplishment of an educational objective affects students:

Begins to track print while listening

Builds a repertoire of spelling words

Can combine information from multiple sources

Can count syllables in a word

Can decode orthographically designed nonsense words

Can discuss similarities and differences

Can incorporate long vocabulary strands

Can name a book title and author

Can present materials to peers

Can rhyme words

Can transition between emergent and real reading

Can write first and last name

Correctly answers comprehension questions

Discusses prior knowledge of topics

Engages in literacy activities

Can differentiate sets of words or shapes

Has a reading vocabulary of____________sight words

Infers meaning

Knows how to independently review work for . . .

Knows one-to-one letter correspondences

Knows the parts of books and their functions

Listens attentively while the teacher reads in class

Makes reasonable judgments

Monitors behavior during lessons

Notices when simple sentences fail to make sense

Produces a variety of . . . work based on academic materials

Produces a variety of compositions

Productively discusses ways to clarify information

Reads aloud with accuracy

Reads familiar texts or words

Recalls facts and details of texts

Recognizes irregularly spelled words

Recognizes letters in upper and lowercase

Rereads information

Retells stories with accuracy

Shows evidence of expanding language

Understands how to manipulate responses

Understands the content of materials studied

Uses basic punctuation and spelling

Uses critical thinking skills

Uses how, why, and what-if questions

Uses knowledge to print sound mappings

With some guidance, can produce . . .

Writes to express his or her own meaning

To put an educational objective on a paper is not enough. More concrete information must follow the objective in the documentation such as the methods used. Here are some topical words that may jog your mind when wording other sections of the document:

Appreciation

Attitudes and opinions

Behavior

Concomitant

Habits

Knowledge

Recitation

Skills

Subject matter

Thinking ability

When you want to explain ways that students will acquire information through educational objectives, you may want to use these types of phrases:

Talking with others

Expressing experiences

Acquiring reading habits

Attending lectures

Developing thinking habits in learning how to attack problems

Experimenting

Conducting investigations

Making observations

Exercising intellect

Making progress charts

Following health regimes

Playing games

Engaging in debates

Attending concerts

Keeping scrapbooks

Doing artwork

Making descriptive and analytic drawings and diagrams

We are using the following assessment to measure . . .

If you find an error or have any questions, please email us at admin@erenow.org. Thank you!