Chapter 6
This section is intended to help principals and other administrators with oral and written communication related to curriculum and standardized testing. If a parent or teachers’ group wants to find the weak points in a district, they are most likely going to start in these areas. Therefore, it is important that you have formal policies, objectives, and reasoning in place to defend why and what you are teaching within the district.
Perfect Phrases for Course Descriptions
It is important to be able to describe how your staff teaches a particular course. Parents may want to know how your school approaches teaching. Here are some phrases to best describe what students learned and how your school’s philosophy applies to the courses:
This is our first year offering this course in____________.
We have designed the course so that it can . . .
Our courses are mirrored to meet state guidelines and standards. For example, please note . . .
Our programs were designed to serve . . .
To perfect our programs, we constantly seek feedback.
We believe that just “good enough” is never good enough for our students.
The school’s educational philosophy is based upon . . ., so it is only natural that our programs are based upon . . .
We strive to . . .
Since our inception, we have been driven to achieve academic excellence. This is reflected through our programs such as____________, which serve children by . . .
Your child takes part in our____________program.
Your child attended classes on/in____________with a specific focus on the skills/topic of . . . this past semester.
The teacher helped students brush up on . . .
Based on my training and educational philosophy, which is aligned with . . ., I feel that . . .
This course will encourage your child to . . .
This class is a mirrored environment designed to serve as a prerequisite to an apprenticeship or career vocation.
The focus has been on . . .
This program serves as a prerequisite to . . .
We have been focusing on major topics such as . . .
Students have been learning about . . . in class.
We have been working with students in the areas of . . .
We have concentrated on . . .
While going to school here, your child has learned . . .
Your child has been taught to . . .
Your child is being instructed in . . . and will upon completion move to . . .
Perfect Phrases to Indicate Compliance with State Guidelines
Parents want to know what you are doing to help students learn. You have to be able to defend what your staff is teaching in the classroom. You also need to align yourself with state curriculum guidelines and district regulations. These materials are not always made available to you, and you may have to seek them out. Every state has a published set of guidelines that you can request, and most can be downloaded online. There is little excuse for a school district or a teacher not to be in compliance with these guidelines. Here are some phrases to show that your curriculum and method of teaching is in compliance:
We are in compliance with . . .
We have complied with both state and federal regulations. Our teachers adhere to strict guidelines that require them to . . .
The curriculum at____________is designed to mirror state curriculum guidelines.
The____________statute requires. . . . We are meeting the spirit of this statute by . . .
We are working on a plan of corrective action to ensure our compliance with . . .
We hope to comply with . . . by . . .
We are in the initial phases of compliance and hope to be fully compliant by____________.
Unorthodox methods of teaching may be acceptable to some, but here at [name institution] we believe in traditional methods that promote . . .
The curriculum dictates . . .
Perfect Phrases for Curriculum Reports
Curriculum reports are generated to show the sequence of material and information being taught to learners. Following are some introductory phrases to use when presenting the curriculum to new faculty members who may want to teach outside of your curriculum framework. When writing up curriculum reports, you may want to remind teachers that the word curriculum is used to describe a singular form of study, and that the word curricula is used to describe plural forms of study. Curriculum can include, but is not limited to, the production of set courses; the prospectus, program, or syllabus; the core curriculum; and/or the national curriculum within a program of study. Let’s start with basic phrases that can be used to introduce materials within a set curriculum. These phrases are written to help you modify how you present the core concepts and can be adapted to meet your school’s needs.
____________is about understanding . . . and the design of curriculum and assessments.
____________will participate in a unit on . . .
We intend to identify the desired results.
We are choosing to test the merits of . . .
The merits of our claims . . .
We encourage . . . to . . .
To match our learning goals, . . .
We use the appropriate evidence produced by . . .
We like to coach by using the following design: . . .
From the sidelines, our professional staff helps our students . . .
Have no misconceptions about our curriculum design, as it is based upon . . .
Coverage of materials includes . . .
Traditional design is based on . . .
A weaker educational design would be visible if . . .
Our curriculum and assessments grasp the key concepts of . . .
After framing our goals, . . .
We meet specific performance goals.
En route to designing a course curriculum of merit, we have . . .
We are known for taking different approaches to creating courses in order to achieve our identified results.
It is essential that we determine what is or isn’t acceptable evidence of academic merit.
Our curriculum teams plan learning experiences and content-based instruction on . . .
Having clear goals has helped us focus on creating courses that pass accreditation standards.
Perspective combined with cutting-edge concepts in higher education has led our institution to . . .
To appropriately meet our standards and assess our goals, we use evidence from assessments and other tools before beginning any plan of action toward the creation of our courses.
We work toward the same content standards when working on curriculum design.
A fair depiction of our curriculum would include, but not be limited to, . . .
Using useful formats and templates, we have created units within our curriculum that allow for . . .
Our curriculum demonstrates established goals.
Basic principles of curriculum design and understanding are evident as a result of . . .
Using assessment evidence, we provide classes that prepare our students for real-world experiences.
The function of our curriculum guide is to serve as a . . .
Varied evidence grounded in performance can transfer between course contents when our departments propose courses to . . .
After the review of curriculum draft designs, . . .
Peer reviews of curriculum are completed in cycles.
The quality of the curriculum as a product is invariably enhanced by . . .
Steadying the influence of variables when creating an academic curriculum can prove challenging.
When applied, the proposed frameworks of the curriculum allow for . . .
Enhanced by cognitive tasks, the curriculum for courses in the____________department prompts learners to . . .
Referring to curricular models such as . . .
When identifying desired results, our curriculum writers highlight . . .
We use explicit learning experiences and instruction in order to . . .
Design considerations such as . . . are essential in curriculum design.
Some argue backward designs will yield greater coherence and better learning experiences.
Key design questions for curriculum include . . .
National, state, and local standards are always considered when creating curriculum.
Understanding of curriculum design differs depending on . . .
Conceptual uncertainties can arise when designing course curriculum.
Evidence suggests that . . . is the best approach to curriculum design.
After a review of previous courses, we have decided to update the current curriculum in the following ways: . . .
When designing curriculum, it is essential to find meaningful inferences.
Implicating standards that can be understood and used in the classroom for improving comprehension and understanding is essential because . . .
Verifiable claims within a curriculum need to be referenced to build a well-rounded perspective on various issues.
Curriculum theory suggests . . .
Encountering . . . issues in curriculum design is not uncommon.
To over- or underestimate the educational importance of curriculum design would be . . .
Constraints within the curriculum include, but are not limited to, . . .
As we know, a standard is different from a performance indicator; that is why as curriculum writers we create goals and assess evidence by . . .
To gain clarity on our curricular goals, we will need to . . .
When writing long-term goals versus short-term goals, we must refer back to our curriculum and target performance objectives.
Content mastery of curricular materials is an appropriate approach to furthering . . .
Identifying bias within a curriculum serves to . . .
The central purpose of inquiry on why we chose the specific design centers around . . .
Course objectives must mirror the assessment process. Therefore, we ask you to note the following in our curriculum design proposal: . . .
We ask that you refine and resubmit your curriculum proposal for further explanation, as the . . .
Basic terms and core ideas are found within our modular design, which allows our curriculum to be more cohesive in terms of . . .
Universal applications to curriculum design usually include . . .
The curriculum serves as a conceptual lens that learners and instructors can use to provide focus as they further their knowledge about . . .
Content-based curriculum design states . . .
Skill-focused courses rely on concepts developed by . . . designs within a given curriculum.
Framing goals within a curriculum . . .
The minimal requirements for curriculum proposals must include the following details, philosophies, and rationales: . . .
Interpreting curriculum means transforming understanding into . . .
The essential connotations associated with the following curriculum are as follows: . . .
Questioning curriculum design is the fundamental practice of bettering education and learning experiences for students enrolled in our courses, and thus it ultimately helps our learners compete for the best jobs in top markets.
Perfect Phrases for Designing and Assessing Educational Objectives
The following category words can be used if you are giving a talk or writing statements dealing with the design of educational objectives or assessing the methods to get to the educational objectives. You can use these words within your phrases to categorize the type of educational objectives you are designing or assessing:
Appropriate contextual knowledge
Categories
Classifications
Generalizations
Knowledge of criteria
Models
Principles
Reliable sources of information
Self-knowledge
Specific details and elements
Strategic knowledge
Structures
Subject-specific skills
Subject-specific techniques
Terminology
Theories
Vocabulary
In your documentation, make sure that you note how objectives will be accomplished by using the verb that best describes the activity. Here is a list of common verbs used in educational objectives:
Absorbing
Accounting for
Analyzing
Applying
Ascertaining
Attributing
Becoming more skilled at
Checking
Clarifying
Classifying
Coaching
Commencing
Comparing
Creating
Critiquing
Defending
Depicting
Differentiating
Discovering
Distinguishing
Edifying
Educating
Elucidating
Engaging
Engrossing
Enlightening
Entailing
Establishing
Evaluating
Executing
Exemplifying
Explaining
Explicating
Expressing
Familiarizing
Finding out about
Gaining knowledge of
Generating
Giving a picture of
Giving details for
Giving reasons for
Grasping
Gripping
Hosting
Identifying
Illustrating
Implementing
Inferring
Initiating
Instituting
Instructing
Interpreting
Justifying
Launching
Learning
Lecturing
Making clear
Making students aware of
Necessitating
Occupying
Organizing
Planning
Pointing out
Portraying
Positing
Presenting
Producing
Putting into plain words
Rationalizing
Recalling
Recognizing
Remembering
Requiring
Riveting
Schooling
Showing
Starting
Studying
Summarizing
Taking notes
Teaching
Telling
Training
Tutoring
Understanding
In explaining or justifying an educational objective, you will need to show what the objective will enable the learner to do, if accomplished. Explanations may include the following phrases:
Allows the learner to analyze errors
Allows the learner to classify and identify categories
Allows the learner to conduct investigations
Allows the learner to construct symbolic representation
Allows the learner to determine the extent to which he or she can . . .
Allows the learner to establish and identify core beliefs
Allows the learner to execute . . .
Allows the learner to form hypotheses
Allows the learner to identify basic structures of information
Allows the learner to identify errors
Allows the learner to identify logical sequences
Allows the learner to integrate information
Allows the learner to investigate . . .
Allows the learner to make generalizations
Allows the learner to match concepts
Allows the learner to perform a procedure without significant error
Allows the learner to produce . . .
Allows the learner to recall information
Allows the learner to recognize differences
Allows the learner to relate information
Allows the learner to specify . . .
Allows the learner to use information
Some objectives will demonstrate or explain an action to justify the completion of the course or target objective. The following phrases are often used for documentation purposes:
Demonstrates a knowledge of classifications and categories
Demonstrates a knowledge of conventions
Demonstrates a knowledge of methodology
Demonstrates a knowledge of specific facts
Demonstrates a knowledge of terminology
Demonstrates a knowledge of trends or sequences
Demonstrates a level of educational principles
Demonstrates Bloom’s taxonomy of evaluation, synthesis, analysis, application, comprehension, and knowledge
Demonstrates educational structures based on accepted theories
Demonstrates educational theories
Demonstrates generalizations in an educational context
Examines process monitoring
Examines student motivation
Examines the efficacy of . . .
Examines the emotional response to . . .
Examines the importance of . . .
In other forms of documentation to justify the learning objective you will need to show the benchmark it meets or the level of ability used. Here are some phrases to help you do this:
Level of processing includes a self-system of evaluation
Level of processing is at analysis
Level of processing is at comprehension
Level of processing is at knowledge utilization
Level of processing is at retrieval
Level of processing uses a metacognitive system
Meets mental procedures
Meets minimum requirements of information required
Meets psychomotor procedures
Evaluating objectives in some documents may require you to phrase your assessments in other ways. Here are some sample phrases to help you with your reports:
Monitors accuracy
Monitors issues in fluency
Objective lets student demonstrate ability to . . .
Offers the learner a chance to experiment with data
Specifies . . . learning goals
Specifies . . . educational objectives
Utilizes important decision-making skills
Utilizes important problem-solving skills
Monitors student’s ability to grasp vocabulary terms
Monitors student’s ability to grasp facts vs. opinions
Monitors student’s ability to grasp time sequences
Monitors student’s ability to grasp academic principles
Monitors student’s ability to grasp generalizations
Monitors student’s ability to grasp concepts of . . .
Encourages students to learn more specific levels of information
Encourages further practice
Looks at categories of mental procedures
Categories of psychomotor procedures
Breaks down the components of the three knowledge domains
Looks at categories of student-related procedures
Addresses the concept of identification
Addresses the issues of similarities and differences
Address the process of . . .
Specifies attributes of . . .
Helps to determine . . .
Identifies defining characteristics
Identifies the analyzing of errors
Looks for patterns or connections
Helps students make general statements
Focuses on specific pieces of information
Identifies the impact of each step
Breaks down learning components by . . .
Corrects faulty or ineffective methods of . . .
Teaches the application of . . .
Helps to identify alternatives
Identifies particular criteria important to . . .
Allows for the selection of alternatives
Allows for systematic application
Allows for the evaluation of alternatives
Allows for the selecting and executing of alternatives
Encourages learners to make predictions
Encourages the design of . . .
Encourages student to work with observational data
Works to identify what is known or agreed upon
Identifies areas of confusion
Provides answers to commonly confused concepts
Monitors accuracy and clarity of specific learning goals
Offers students a self-system of thinking
Determines if a student can examine and differentiate between levels of . . .
Examines importance
Examines efficacy
Examines emotional response to . . .
Examines overall motivation
Allows the individual learner to perceive . . .
Impacts the learning goal by . . .
Retrieves information through recognition
Infers information
Implies inferences and conclusions
Allows for the support of textual evidence with or without prior knowledge
Determines whether incoming information is accurate or inaccurate
Allows student to determine details
Allows students to organize information and ideas
Creates a mental procedure
Creates a structured method for detailing information and organizing ideas
Encourages learners to use list selection
Helps learners to identify from a list
Helps learners to determine if statements are true
Allows for constructed responses
Exemplifies the curriculum frameworks by . . .
When evaluating other objectives, you need to know what the objective is going to allow the learner to do in a specific situation. Here are some sample phrases to help you document:
Lets the learner describe the complex process of . . .
Lets the learner describe how or why . . .
Lets the learner describe cause and effect
Lets the learner describe relationships between . . .
Allows learners to make connections between . . .
Objective depicts . . .
Objective serves to represent . . .
Objective used illustrates . . .
Objective draws upon . . .
Objective is based on the____________model/theory/hypotheses
Objective charts student progress by . . .
Sometimes when you are evaluating educational objectives, there is very little leeway because the materials or curriculum to be taught is mandated by the state or the district. In these cases, when evaluating benchmarks, you may want to consider phrasing information as follows:
Requires student to categorize
Requires student to differentiate
Requires student to discriminate
Requires student to distinguish
Requires student to sort
Requires student to create an analogy
Requires students to depict critical elements
Requires students to use like terms
Requires learners to describe critical elements of . . .
The objective requires learners to identify problems
The objective requires learners to identify issues
The objective requires learners to identify misunderstandings between . . .
The objective requires learners to assess and critique . . .
The objective requires learners to diagnose . . .
The objective requires learners to evaluate . . .
The objective requires learners to edit and revise . . .
The objective requires learners to trace the development of . . .
The objective requires learners to draw conclusions
When assessing objectives, you must also apply them to student learning and the students’ ability to put the theory into practice. Here are some examples of phrases that describe how the accomplishment of an educational objective affects students:
Begins to track print while listening
Builds a repertoire of spelling words
Can combine information from multiple sources
Can count syllables in a word
Can decode orthographically designed nonsense words
Can discuss similarities and differences
Can incorporate long vocabulary strands
Can name a book title and author
Can present materials to peers
Can rhyme words
Can transition between emergent and real reading
Can write first and last name
Correctly answers comprehension questions
Discusses prior knowledge of topics
Engages in literacy activities
Can differentiate sets of words or shapes
Has a reading vocabulary of____________sight words
Infers meaning
Knows how to independently review work for . . .
Knows one-to-one letter correspondences
Knows the parts of books and their functions
Listens attentively while the teacher reads in class
Makes reasonable judgments
Monitors behavior during lessons
Notices when simple sentences fail to make sense
Produces a variety of . . . work based on academic materials
Produces a variety of compositions
Productively discusses ways to clarify information
Reads aloud with accuracy
Reads familiar texts or words
Recalls facts and details of texts
Recognizes irregularly spelled words
Recognizes letters in upper and lowercase
Rereads information
Retells stories with accuracy
Shows evidence of expanding language
Understands how to manipulate responses
Understands the content of materials studied
Uses basic punctuation and spelling
Uses critical thinking skills
Uses how, why, and what-if questions
Uses knowledge to print sound mappings
With some guidance, can produce . . .
Writes to express his or her own meaning
To put an educational objective on a paper is not enough. More concrete information must follow the objective in the documentation such as the methods used. Here are some topical words that may jog your mind when wording other sections of the document:
Appreciation
Attitudes and opinions
Behavior
Concomitant
Habits
Knowledge
Recitation
Skills
Subject matter
Thinking ability
When you want to explain ways that students will acquire information through educational objectives, you may want to use these types of phrases:
Talking with others
Expressing experiences
Acquiring reading habits
Attending lectures
Developing thinking habits in learning how to attack problems
Experimenting
Conducting investigations
Making observations
Exercising intellect
Making progress charts
Following health regimes
Playing games
Engaging in debates
Attending concerts
Keeping scrapbooks
Doing artwork
Making descriptive and analytic drawings and diagrams
We are using the following assessment to measure . . .