NOTE ON REPORTING
My research for The Residence included candid conversations with more than a hundred White House insiders. I interviewed three former first ladies and the children of four presidents, along with numerous presidential aides. But the most revealing details came from my conversations with roughly fifty former residence workers and a current staffer, most of whom had never spoken in such detail about their experiences working for America’s first families. In fact, most had never even been approached by a reporter before. Many of these conversations were in person. In rare circumstances sources asked not to be named because of the sensitivity of the subject matter and I respected their wishes. These firsthand accounts of life in the residence were supplemented by extensive research from archival materials, including oral histories from presidential libraries, memoirs penned by residence staffers and political aides, and biographies.
INTRODUCTION
Interview subjects include Laura Bush, Rosalynn Carter, Barbara Bush, Reggie Love, Reid Cherlin, Susan Ford, Frank Ruta, Betty Finney, Amy Zantzinger, Stephen Rochon, Ron Reagan, Cletus Clark, Katie Johnson, Tricia Nixon, Julianna Smoot, Katie McCormick Lelyveld, Bob Scanlan, Tony Savoy, Nelson Pierce, Christine Limerick, Walter Scheib, Skip Allen, Ronn Payne, Roland Mesnier, and Worthington White. Published sources include Preston Bruce, From the Door of the White House (New York: Lothrop, Lee and Shepard Books, a division of William Morrow and Company, Inc., 1984); Lillian Rogers Parks with Frances Spatz Leighton, My Thirty Years Backstairs at the White House (New York: Ishi Press International, 1961); Faye Fiore, “Jacqueline Kennedy’s Pink Hat Is a Missing Piece of History,” Los Angeles Times, January 26, 2011; Dominique Mann, “In Wake of New Film ‘The Butler,’ Black Ex-White House Staffers Reflect,” MSNBC.com, September 14, 2013; Hillary Rodham Clinton, interview of the first lady for House Beautiful, November 30, 1993, by Marian Burros, William J. Clinton Presidential Library; “Jacqueline Kennedy in the White House,” John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum; Sue Allison Massimiano, “Those Who Serve Those Who Serve,” Life, “The White House 1792–1992,” October 30, 1992; (FY) 2014 Congressional Budget Submission—the White House; Preston Bruce’s oral history is available at the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum; Liz McNeil, “Jackie Kennedy: New Details of Her Heartbreak,” People, November 13, 2013; Carol D. Leonnig, “Secret Service Fumbled Response to 2011 Shooting,” Washington Post, September 28, 2014; Carol D. Leonnig, “White House Intruder Was Tackled by Off-Duty Secret Service Agent,” Washington Post, September 30, 2014; William Safire, “Inside the Bunker,” New York Times, September 13, 2001; Laura Bush, Spoken from the Heart (New York: Scribner, 2010); Letitia Baldrige, A Lady, First: My Life in the Kennedy White House and the American Embassies of Paris and Rome (New York: Viking Penguin, 2001); James Bennet, “Testing of a President: The Overview; Clinton Admits Lewinsky Liaison to Jury; Tells Nation ‘It Was Wrong,’ but Private,” New York Times, August 18, 1998; Courtney Thompson, “Obamas Called on Chicago Vendors for State Dinner Décor, Stage, and Lighting,” BizBash, December 2, 2009; Abigail Adams, “Letter to Her Daughter from the New White House,” White House Historical Association, November 21, 1800; White House Dimensions and Statistics, White House Historical Association; J. B. West with Mary Lynn Kotz, Upstairs at the White House: My Life with the First Ladies (New York: Warner Books, 1973); Carl Cannon, “November 21, 1963,” Real Clear Politics, November 21, 2013; Claire Faulkner, “Ushers and Stewards Since 1800,” White House History: At Work in the White House: Journal of the White House Historical Association, 26; Robert Klara, The Hidden White House: Harry Truman and the Reconstruction of America’s Most Famous Residence (New York: Thomas Dunne Books, St. Martin’s Press, 2013); William Seale, The President’s House, Volumes I and II (Washington, D.C.: White House Historical Association with the cooperation of the National Geographic Society, 1986); Katherine Skiba, “Chicagoans at Forefront of White House Holiday Décor,” Chicago Tribune, December 5, 2013; Walter Scheib and Andrew Friedman, White House Chef: Eleven Years, Two Presidents, One Kitchen (Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 2007); Sheila Rabb Weidenfeld, First Lady’s Lady: With the Fords at the White House (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1979); John and Claire Whitcomb, Real Life at the White House: 200 Years of Daily Life at America’s Most Famous Residence (New York: Routledge, 2002); William Seale, “Secret Spaces at the White House?” White House History: Special Spaces: Journal of the White House Historical Association, 29 (2011).
CHAPTER I: CONTROLLED CHAOS
For this chapter the author drew on conversations with Desirée Rogers, Luci Baines Johnson, Rosalynn Carter, Stephen Rochon, Barbara Bush, Nelson Pierce, James Jeffries, Kaki Hockersmith, Bill Cliber, Betty Monkman, Laura Bush, Gary Walters, Bess Abell, Christine Limerick, Bob Scanlan, Tony Savoy, Skip Allen, Katie Johnson, Jim Ketchum, Chris Emery, Linsey Little, Ronn Payne, Walter Scheib, Michael “Rahni” Flowers, Daryl Wells, David Hume Kennerly, Milton Frame, Roland Mesnier, Reggie Love, Ivaniz Silva, Cletus Clark, Susan Ford, Lynwood Westray, and Katie McCormick Lelyveld. Published sources include Michael Ruane and Aaron C. Davis, “D.C.’s Inauguration Head Count: 1.8 Million,” Washington Post, January 22, 2009; Krissah Thompson and Juliet Eilperin, “The Elusive Mrs. R: Marion Robinson, the White House’s Note-So-Typical Live-In Grandma,” Washington Post, March 31, 2014; Kate Andersen, “Rogers Heats Up Obama Social Calendar That Economy Can’t Chill,”Bloomberg, April 10, 2009; Kate Andersen, “Obama Invites LeBron James to Play in White House Court Opener,” Bloomberg, June 20, 2009; Letitia Baldrige, A Lady, First: My Life in the Kennedy White House and the American Embassies of Paris and Rome (New York: Viking Penguin, 2001); Laura Bush, Spoken from the Heart (New York: Scribner, 2010); interview with President Barack Obama, The Tom Joyner Morning Show, August 27, 2013; interview with First Lady Michelle Obama and Jill Biden, The Gayle King Show, April 19, 2011; Thom Patterson, “Special Ops: How to Move a President in a Few Hours,” CNN, January 19, 2009; Traphes Bryant with Frances Spatz Leighton, Dog Days at the White House (New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc., 1975); Preston Bruce, From the Door of the White House (New York: Lothrop, Lee and Shepard Books, a division of William Morrow and Company, Inc., 1984); Alonzo Fields,My 21 Years in the White House (New York: Crest Books, 1961); Anne Kornblut, “Reggie Love, Obama ‘Body Man,’ to Leave White House by Year’s End,” Washington Post, November 10, 2011; Carl Anthony, “Jackie Kennedy’s Last White House Days & What She Found in JFK’S Desk,” carlanthonyonline.com, December 6, 2013; Patricia Leigh Brown, “A Redecorated White House, the Way the Clintons Like It,” New York Times, November 24, 1993; “Power Shifts Hands in Flurry of Activity,” USA TODAY, January 22, 2001; Sally Bedell Smith, For the Love of Politics: Inside the Clinton White House (New York: Random House, 2007); Ann Devroy and Ruth Marcus, “Clinton Takes Oath as 42nd President Asking Sacrifice, Promising Renewal,”Washington Post, January 21, 1993; Nancy Gibbs and Michael Duffy, The President’s Club: Inside the World’s Most Exclusive Fraternity (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2012); Lauren Collins, “The Other Obama: Michelle Obama and the Politics of Candor,” New Yorker, March 10, 2008; Jodi Kantor, The Obamas (New York: Little, Brown and Company, 2012); Roland Mesnier with Christian Malard, All the President’s Pastries: Twenty-Five Years in the White House (Paris: Flammarion, SA, 2006); Lady Bird Johnson, A White House Diary (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1970); Nancy Mitchell interview by James Deutsch for the Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections, Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., August 27, 2007; Henry Haller, interview for the Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections, Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., August 27, 2007; Sheryl Gay Stolberg, “On Moving Day for 2 First Families, a Bit of Magic by 93 Pairs of Hands,” New York Times, January 20, 2009; J. B. West with Mary Lynn Kotz, Upstairs at the White House: My Life with the First Ladies (New York: Warner Books, 1973); Tim Carman, “White House Memories: Chef John Moeller on Pretzels, Maple Syrup and Calorie-Counting,” Washington Post, February 18, 2014; Nancy Reagan and William Novak, My Turn (New York: Random House, 1989); Liz Carpenter, Ruffles and Flourishes (New York: Doubleday, 1970); John and Claire Whitcomb, Real Life at the White House: 200 Years of Daily Life at America’s Most Famous Residence (New York: Routledge, 2002); Hillary Rodham Clinton, interview of the first lady for House Beautiful, November 30, 1993, by Marian Burros, William J. Clinton Presidential Library; President Bill Clinton and First Lady Hillary Rodham Clinton, interview for National Geographic, July 25, 1995, William J. Clinton Presidential Library; the Anne Lincoln and J. B. West Oral Histories are available at the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum; “Clinton Ok’d Using Lincoln Bedroom for Contributors,” CNN, February 25, 1997; Jim Kuhnhenn, “Obama Returns to Chicago Home After Illinois Fundraiser,” Associated Press, June 2, 2012; Barbara Bush, Barbara Bush: A Memoir (New York: Scribner, 1994); Andrew Rosenthal, “Bush Encounters the Supermarket, Amazed,” New York Times, February 5, 1992.
CHAPTER II: DISCRETION
This chapter was based in part on interviews with Rosalynn Carter, James Ramsey, Stephen Rochon, Skip Allen, Jane Erkenbeck, Betty Monkman, Worthington White, Reggie Love, Cletus Clark, Laura Bush, Gary Walters, Bill Hamilton, Barbara Bush, Herman Thompson, Margaret Arrington, Frank Ruta, Walter Scheib, Roland Mesnier, Nelson Pierce, Ron Reagan, Steve Ford, Vincent Contee, Luci Baines Johnson, Ronn Payne, Ivaniz Silva, James Jeffries, Susan Ford, Bess Abell, Andy Card, Katie McCormick Lelyveld, Katie Johnson, Tony Savoy, Chris Emery, and Christine Limerick. Published material includes Gerald Boyd, “Nancy Reagan’s Maid Is Accused of Helping to Export Ammunition,” New York Times, August 14, 1986; Irwin “Ike” Hoover, “Who’s Who, and Why, in the White House,” Saturday Evening Post, February 10, 1934; Wilson Jerman, interview for the Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections, Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., October 2, 2007; Walter Scheib and Andrew Friedman, White House Chef: Eleven Years, Two Presidents, One Kitchen (Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley Sons, Inc., 2007); Roland Mesnier with Christian Malard, All the President’s Pastries: Twenty-Five Years in the White House (Paris: Flammarion, SA, 2006); Alonzo Fields, My 21 Years in the White House(New York: Crest Books, 1961); Sheila Rabb Weidenfeld, First Lady’s Lady: With the Fords at the White House (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1979); White House Historical Association, “The Working White House;” Douglas Jehl, “Chief White House Usher ‘Grounded,’” New York Times, March 18, 1994; John and Claire Whitcomb, Real Life at the White House: 200 Years of Daily Life at America’s Most Famous Residence (New York: Routledge, 2002); J. B. West with Mary Lynn Kotz, Upstairs at the White House: My Life with the First Ladies (New York: Warner Books, 1973); Traphes Bryant, Dog Days at the White House (New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., 1975); Betty Monkman’s Oral History can be found at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library; Hillary Rodham Clinton, An Invitation to the White House (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2000); “Maid Cleared, Nancy Reagan Wants Her Back,” United Press International, November 4, 1986; and Betty Monkman interview for the Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections, Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., August 27, 2007.
CHAPTER III: DEVOTION
Interview subjects include Barbara Bush, Cletus Clark, Rosalynn Carter, James Jeffries, Letitia Baldrige, Nelson Pierce, Roland Mesnier, Worthington White, Wendy Elsasser, Linsey Little, Christine Limerick, Chris Emery, Gary Walters, Skip Allen, Katie Johnson, Luci Baines Johnson, Desirée Rogers, Stephen Rochon, Nancy Reagan through her assistant Wren Powell, and Tony Savoy. Published sources includes Barbara Bush, Barbara Bush: A Memoir (New York: Scribner, 1994); J. B. West with Mary Lynn Kotz, Upstairs at the White House: My Life with the First Ladies (New York: Warner Books, 1973); Sheila Rabb Weidenfeld, First Lady’s Lady: With the Fords at the White House (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1979); Irwin Hoover, “Who’s Who, and Why, in the White House,” Saturday Evening Post, February 10, 1934; Zephyr Wright’s Oral History can be found at the Lyndon Baines Johnson Library; Isaac Avery’s Oral History can be found at the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum; Sue Allison Massimiano, “Those Who Serve Those Who Serve,” Life, The White House 1792–1992, October 30, 1992; Carol D. Leonnig, “Secret Service Fumbled Response to 2011 Shooting,” Washington Post, September 28, 2014; Carol D. Leonnig, “White House Intruder Was Tackled by Off-Duty Secret Service Agent,” Washington Post, September 30, 2014; Roland Mesnier with Christian Malard, All the President’s Pastries: Twenty-Five Years in the White House (Paris: Flammarion, SA, 2006); Gerald Boyd, “Nancy Reagan’s Maid Is Accused of Helping to Export Ammunition,” New York Times, August 14, 1986; “Former White House Chief Usher Recalls Serving 7 President at Oakland Town Hall,” Oakland Press News, April 9, 2014; “Maid Cleared, Nancy Reagan Wants Her Back,” United Press International, November 4, 1986.
CHAPTER IV: EXTRAORDINARY DEMANDS
For this chapter the author drew on conversations with Luci Baines Johnson, Barbara Bush, Skip Allen, Margaret Arrington, Bill Cliber, Herman Thompson, Christine Limerick, Frank Ruta, Wendy Elsasser, Roland Mesnier, Cletus Clark, Bess Abell, Ronn Payne, Lynda Bird Johnson Robb, and John Moeller. Published sources include Hillary Rodham Clinton, interview of the first lady for House Beautiful, November 30, 1993, by Marian Burros, William J. Clinton Presidential Library; President Bill Clinton and First Lady Hillary Rodham Clinton, interview for National Geographic, July 25, 1995, William J. Clinton Presidential Library; Sue Allison Massimiano, “Those Who Serve Those Who Serve,” Life, The White House 1792–1992, October 30, 1992; Traphes Bryant, Dog Days at the White House (New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., 1975); Hillary Rodham Clinton, An Invitation to the White House: At Home with History (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2000); Adam Bernstein, “Rex Scouten, Longtime White House Chief Usher, Dies at 86,” Washington Post, February 22, 2013; J. B. West with Mary Lynn Kotz, Upstairs at the White House: My Life with the First Ladies(New York: Warner Books, 1973); Preston Bruce, From the Door of the White House (New York: Lothrop, Lee and Shepard Books, a division of William Morrow and Company, Inc., 1984); Sheila Rabb Weidenfeld, First Lady’s Lady: With the Fords at the White House (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1979); Zephyr Wright’s Oral History can be found at the Lyndon Baines Johnson Presidential Library; Wilson Jerman, interview for the Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections, Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., October 2, 2007.
CHAPTER V: DARK DAYS
Interview subjects include Barbara Bush, Bill Cliber, Walter Scheib, Herman Thompson, Gary Walters, Laura Bush, Cletus Clark, Nelson Pierce, Jim Ketchum, Tricia Nixon, Roland Mesnier, Betty Monkman, Ron Reagan, James Hall, Linsey Little, Skip Allen, Chris Emery, Bill Hamilton, Worthington White, James Ramsey, Betty Finney, Ronn Payne, and Tony Savoy. Published sources include Sheila Rabb Weidenfeld, First Lady’s Lady: With the Fords at the White House (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1979); Laura Bush, Spoken from the Heart (New York: Scribner, 2010); Preston Bruce, From the Door of the White House (New York: Lothrop, Lee and Shepard Books, a division of William Morrow and Company, Inc., 1984); Traphes Bryant with Frances Spatz Leighton, Dog Days at the White House (New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc., 1975); Todd Purdum, “With Resolve, First Lady Lays Out Defense,” New York Times, January 17, 1996; Hillary Rodham Clinton, interview of the first lady for House Beautiful, November 30, 1993, by Marian Burros, William J. Clinton Presidential Library; Susan Thomases interview, Miller Center, University of Virginia, William J. Clinton Presidential Oral History Project, January 6, 2006, Lady Bird Johnson, A White House Diary (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1970); J. B. West with Mary Lynn Kotz,Upstairs at the White House: My Life with the First Ladies (New York: Warner Books, 1973); Monica Lewinsky Timeline, Washington Post, September 13, 1998; Roland Mesnier with Christian Malard,All the President’s Pastries: Twenty-Five Years in the White House (Paris: Flammarion, SA, 2006); Douglas Jehl, “Chief White House Usher ‘Grounded,’” New York Times, March 18, 1994; the Oral Histories of Maud Shaw and Lawrence J. Arata can be found at the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum; Jane Whitmore, “Mr. Nixon’s Man Manolo Finds His Job Fetching,”Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, May 21, 1969; Bill Cliber interview for the Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections, Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., August 22, 2007; Henry Haller, interview for the Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections, Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., August 27, 2007; Richard Nixon/Frank Gannon interview, University of Georgia Special Collections Libraries, The Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, June 10, 1983.
CHAPTER VI: SACRIFICE
The author drew on conversations with Nelson and Caroline Pierce, Desirée Rogers, Walter Scheib, Bess Abell, Charles Allen, Katie Johnson, Wendy Elsasser, Reid Cherlin, Chris Emery, Worthington White, James Ramsey, James Jeffries, James Hall, Adam Frankel, Linsey Little, Skip Allen, Herman Thompson, Christine Limerick, Luci Baines Johnson, Nancy Reagan through her assistant Wren Powell, and Lynda Johnson Robb. Published material includes J. B. West with Mary Lynn Kotz, Upstairs at the White House: My Life with the First Ladies (New York: Warner Books, 1973); Isaac Avery’s Oral History can be found at the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum; Jodi Kantor, The Obamas (New York: Little, Brown and Company, 2012); Associated Press “Frederick Mayfield, 58, Dies; Doorman at the White House,” New York Times, May 16, 1984; Nancy Mitchell interview by James Deutsch for the Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections, Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., August 27, 2007.
CHAPTER VII: RACE AND THE RESIDENCE
This chapter was based in part on conversations with Rosalynn Carter, Luci Baines Johnson, Bess Abell, Lonnie Bunch, Lynwood and Kay Westray, Gloria Nuckles, Alvie Paschall, Mary Prince, Charles Allen, Nelson Pierce, Bill Hamilton, James Jeffries, Chris Emery, Stephen Rochon, Otis Williams, Frank Ruta, Betty Monkman, Herman Thompson, Desirée Rogers, James Ramsey, and Tony Savoy. Published material includes Preston Bruce, From the Door of the White House (New York: Lothrop, Lee and Shepard Books, a division of William Morrow and Company, Inc., 1984); Jimmy Carter, Keeping Faith (New York: Bantam Books, 1982); Catherine Clinton, Mrs. Lincoln: A Life (New York: Harper Perennial, 2010); Clare Crawford, “A Story of Love and Rehabilitation: the Ex-Con in the White House,” People, March 14, 1977; Alonzo Fields, My 21 Years in the White House (New York: Crest Books, 1961); William Seale, The President’s House, Volume I (Washington, D.C.: White House Historical Association with the Cooperation of the National Geographic Society, 1986); John and Claire Whitcomb, Real Life at the White House: 200 Years of Daily Life at America’s Most Famous Residence (New York: Routledge, 2002); White House Historical Association, African Americans and the White House, 1790s–1840s; “Michelle Obama’s Ancestors: Purnell Shields,” Huffington Post, February 24, 2012; interview with Michelle Obama on ABC News’ Good Morning America, May 22, 2007; Nancy Tuckerman’s and Pamela Turnure’s Oral Histories can be found at the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum; Zephyr Wright’s Oral History can be found at the Lyndon Baines Johnson Presidential Library; Traphes Bryant with Frances Spatz Leighton, Dog Days at the White House (New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc., 1975); Saturday Night Live, March 12, 1977; Jodi Kantor, The Obamas (New York: Little, Brown and Company, 2012); Dahleen Glanton and Stacy St. Clair, “Michelle Obama’s Family Tree Has Roots in a Carolina Slave Plantation,” Chicago Tribune, December 1, 2008.
CHAPTER VIII: BACKSTAIRS GOSSIP AND MISCHIEF
Interview subjects for this chapter include Bess Abell, Bill Cliber, Lynda Johnson Robb, Christine Limerick, Bill Hamilton, Skip Allen, Ronn Payne, Roland Mesnier, Walter Scheib, Ivaniz Silva, Pierre Chambrin, Ron Reagan, John Moeller, and Margaret Arrington. Published material includes Traphes Bryant with Frances Spatz Leighton, Dog Days at the White House (New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc., 1975); Robert Rosenblatt, “Harassment at White House Alleged,” Los Angeles Times, September 14, 2000; J. B. West with Mary Lynn Kotz, Upstairs at the White House: My Life with the First Ladies (New York: Warner Books, 1973); Anne Lincoln’s Oral History can be found at the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum; Zephyr Wright’s Oral History can be found at the Lyndon Baines Johnson Library; Reds Arrington, interview for the Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections, Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.; Bill Cliber, interview for the Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections, Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., August 22, 2007; Tyler Cabot, “White House Chefs,” Atlantic, May 1, 2005.
CHAPTER IX: GROWING UP IN THE WHITE HOUSE
Information in this chapter was based in part on conversations with Rosalynn Carter, Lynda Johnson Robb, Luci Baines Johnson, Bob Scanlan, Roland Mesnier, Wendy Elsasser, Walter Scheib, Mary Prince, James Jeffries, Michael “Rahni” Flowers, Gary Walters, Susan Ford, Barbara Bush, Steve Ford, Tony Savoy, Nelson Pierce, Bill Hamilton, Amy Zantzinger, Betty Monkman, and Betty Finney. Published material includes Nancy Mitchell interview by James Deutsch for the Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections, Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., August 27, 2007; Letitia Baldrige, A Lady, First: My Life in the Kennedy White House and the American Embassies of Paris and Rome (New York: Viking Penguin, 2001); Victorino Matus, “Notes from a White House Kitchen,” Weekly Standard, March 5, 2014; Jose A. DelReal and Ed O’Keefe, “Hill Staffer Elizabeth Lauten Resigns After Remarks About Obama Daughters,” Washington Post, December 1, 2014; Laura Bush, Spoken from the Heart (New York: Scribner, 2010); Traphes Bryant, Dog Days at the White House (New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., 1975); Roland Mesnier with Christian Malard, All the President’s Pastries: Twenty-Five Years in the White House (Paris: Flammarion, SA, 2006); Doug Wead, All the Presidents’ Children: Triumph and Tragedy in the Lives of America’s First Families (New York: Atria Books, 2003); Sheila Rabb Weidenfeld, First Lady’s Lady: With the Fords at the White House (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1979); Helena Andrews, “Jenna Bush Hager, Hanky-Panky, and the White House Roof,” Washington Post, December 4, 2014; J. B. West with Mary Lynn Kotz, Upstairs at the White House: My Life with the First Ladies (New York: Warner Books, 1973); Betty Monkman interview for the Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections, Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., August 27, 2007; C. W. Nevius, “Just Ask Chelsea, Jenna and Barbara: Escaping the Glare of the Spotlight Isn’t Easy for Kids Whose Dads Work in the Oval Office,” San Francisco Gate, January 22, 2004; Rachel Swarns, “First Chores,” New York Times, February 22, 2009.
CHAPTER X: HEARTBREAK AND HOPE
Author drew on conversations with Laura Bush, Bill and Bea Cliber, Wendy Elsasser, Betty Finney, Christine Limerick, Roland Mesnier, Nelson Pierce, Jim Ketchum, Gary Walters, Betty Monkman, Walter Scheib, Bob Scanlan, Ivaniz Silva, Skip Allen, John Moeller, and Lynwood Westray. Published material includes Lady Bird Johnson, A White House Diary (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1970); Mimi Swartz, “Them’s Fightin’ Words!” Texas Monthly, July 2004; Letitia Baldrige, A Lady, First: My Life in the Kennedy White House and the American Embassies of Paris and Rome (New York: Viking Penguin, 2001); Preston Bruce, From the Door of the White House(New York: Lothrop, Lee and Shepard Books, a division of William Morrow and Company, Inc., 1984); Tom Wicker, “Kennedy Is Killed by Sniper as He Rides in Car in Dallas; Johnson Sworn In on Plane,” New York Times, November 22, 1963; Laura Bush, Spoken from the Heart (New York: Scribner, 2010); Wilson Jerman, interview for the Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections, Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., October 2, 2007; Transcript: Richard Nixon/Frank Gannon interview, University of Georgia Special Collections Libraries, The Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, June 10, 1983; Christopher Andersen, Jackie After Jack (New York: William Morrow and Company, 1998); J. B. West with Mary Lynn Kotz, Upstairs at the White House: My Life with the First Ladies (New York: Warner Books, 1973); interview with Luci Baines Johnson on CBS News’ Face the Nation, November 17, 2013; the Oral Histories of Maud Shaw, Anne Lincoln, and Lawrence J. Arata can be found at the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum.
EPILOGUE
Interview subjects included Laura Bush, Rosalynn Carter, James Jeffries, Nelson Pierce, James Hall, Skip Allen, Reggie Love, Luci Baines Johnson, James and Valerie Ramsey, and Stephen Rochon. Published material used: Sheila Rabb Weidenfeld, First Lady’s Lady: With the Fords at the White House (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1979).
PHOTO INSERT SOURCES AND CREDITS
Insert one: David Kennerly/White House, courtesy David Kennerly; Abbie Rowe/National Park Service, courtesy Margaret Arrington; Jack Rottier/National Park Service, courtesy Lynwood Westray; Robert Knudsen/White House, courtesy John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum, Boston; Harold Sellers/White House, June 7, 1963, courtesy John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum, Boston; Robert Knudsen/White House, December 6, 1963, courtesy John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum, Boston; Robert Knudsen/White House, December 19, 1963, courtesy John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum, Boston; Margaret Arrington, courtesy Margaret Arrington; official White House photograph, courtesy Lynwood Westray; Jack Kightlinger/White House, courtesy Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum; David Kennerly/White House, courtesy Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library and Museum; Bill Fitz-Patrick/White House, courtesy Jimmy Carter Presidental Library and Museum; Ricardo Thomas/White House, courtesy Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library and Museum; all four photos of President and Rosalynn Carter by Jack Kightlinger/White House, courtesy Jimmy Carter Presidential Library and Museum.
Insert two: Susan Biddle/White House, courtesy Chris Emery; Pete Souza/White House, courtesy Ronn Payne; Pete Souza/White House, courtesy Ronald Reagan Presidential Library; official White House photograph, courtesy Linsey Little; Official White House photograph, courtesy Ronn Payne; Barbara Kinney/White House, courtesy William J. Clinton Presidential Library and Museum; Official White House photograph, courtesy Christine Limerick; Official White House photograph, courtesy Roland Mesnier; courtesy James Jeffries and George W. Bush Presidential Library and Museum; Official White House photographs, photographers from top: Susan Sterner, Paul Morse, Eric Draper, courtesy George W. Bush Presidential Library and Museum; AP Images/Ron Edmonds; Callie Shell/Time magazine; Official White House photograph by Samantha Appleton.