CHAPTER REVIEW

Rapid Review Guide

To achieve the perfect 5, you should be able to explain the following:

• Tensions between the British and the French intensified in the 1740s when land speculators from the English colonies began to acquire land in the Ohio Valley.

• The Seven Years War (the French and Indian War in American textbooks) was between the English and colonial militias and the French; Native Americans fought on both sides.

• The defeat of the French in this war largely ended their influenced in the Americas; after the war, the British attempted to make the colonies pay their fair share for the war effort.

• Parliamentary efforts during this era to produce money for Great Britain by imposing various taxes and duties on the colonics resulted in great unrest in the colonies.

• The impact of the Stamp Act on the colonies was great; as a result, nine colonies met at the 1765 Stamp Act Congress and the Sons of Liberty formed in Boston.

• Boston remained a center of opposition to British policy; the Boston Massacre in 1770 and the Boston Tea Party in 1773 helped to create resistance to the Crown in other colonies as well.

• The 1774 Intolerable Acts, which closed the port of Boston and curtailed freedom of speech in Massachusetts, outraged many in the colonies.

• The 1774 First Continental Congress passed a resolution that firmly stated the colonies would firmly resist measures that taxed them without their consent. At this meeting it was also decided that individual colonics should start to raise and train state militias.

Time Line

1754: Representatives of colonies meet at Albany Congress to coordinate further western settlement

1756: Beginning of Seven Years War

1763: Signing of Treaty of Paris ending Seven Years War

1764: Parliament approves Sugar Act, Currency Act

1765: Stamp Act approved by Parliament; Stamp Act Congress occurs and Sons of Liberty are formed, both in opposition to the Stamp Act

1766: Stamp Act repealed, but in Declaratory Act, Parliament affirms its right to tax the colonies

1767: Passage of the Townshend Acts

1770: Boston Massacre occurs

1773: Boston Tea Party takes place in December in opposition to the Tea Act

1774: Intolerable Acts adopted by Parliament First Continental Congress held in Philadelphia

Review Questions

1. William Pitt was able to convince the colonies to fight in the Seven Years War by

A. convincing Native American tribes to attack colonial settlements in the Ohio valley

B. threatening military reprisals by the British army

C. threatening to make the colonists fight the French by themselves

D. putting the recruiting of troops in the colonies totally in the hands of the colonics themselves

E. paying colonial soldiers generous bonuses to fight against the French

(Correct Answer: D. Pitt put the recruiting of colonial troops totally in local hands and agreed to reimburse the colonies for all their expenses during the war.)

2. The Stamp Act created great fury in the colonies because

A. it imposed massive duties on the colonies

B. colonial legislatures had expressed opposition to it beforehand

C. it was the first time Parliament had imposed a duty on the colonies

D. it took badly needed revenue away from colonial legislatures

E. this was the first time that Parliament imposed a direct tax on the colonies

(Correct Answer: E. All previous taxation of the colonies had been self-imposed.)

3. The statement “taxation without representation is tyranny” was first proclaimed by

A. Benjamin Franklin

B. John Hancock

C. Samuel Adams

D. John Dickinson

E. Patrick Henry

(Correct Answer: C. This statement was first made by Adams in 1768 in an article he wrote opposing the Townshend Acts.)

4. After the Seven Years War, resentment between the British and the colonists existed for all of the following reasons except

A. the British resented the fact that few colonists had actually helped them in the war against the French

B. British soldiers had been quartered in colonial homes

C. the British resented the fact that some colonists continued to trade with the French at the beginning of the war

D. colonial militiamen felt the British exhibited a patronizing attitude toward them

E. many colonial militiamen were appalled at the incredibly harsh discipline that British officers imposed on their soldiers

(Correct Answer: A. The colonics contributed nearly 24,000 men to the war effort—while the British contributed 25,000.)

5. Most delegates at the First Continental Congress of 1774

A. felt that there should be a total boycott of British goods by the colonies

B. felt that the colonies should firmly resist measures to tax them without their consent

C. felt that it was time to seriously consider military measures against the British

D. wanted the British to totally refrain from regulating trade to the colonies

E. proposed sending Benjamin Franklin and John Dickinson as representatives to the British parliament

(Correct Answer: B. Although some, including Sam Adams, wanted a boycott of all British goods, John Adams crafted a compromise that called for the colonies to oppose “taxation without representation.”)