CHAPTER REVIEW

Rapid Review Guide

To achieve the perfect 5, you should be able to explain the following:

• A new production system developed in textile mills, such as those that existed in Lowell, Massachusetts, in the early nineteenth century,

• The Monroe Doctrine boldly proclaimed that the Western Hemisphere was off-limits to European intrusion,

• Beginning in 1824, it was official American policy to move Native American tribes east of the Mississippi; the horrors of many of these relocations are well documented.

* The Second Great Awakening influenced many to become involved in reform movements, including the abolitionist movement.

• The presidency of Andrew Jackson is celebrated as an era where the “common man” reigned supreme, although Jackson greatly expanded the powers of the presidency.

• The Democratic party of Andrew Jackson was the first real political party in American history.

• Jackson’s tariff policy caused a renewal of interest in the policy of nullification in several Southern state legislatures.

• In the 1830s the Whig party emerged as the major party opposing the Democratic party of Jackson.

Time Line

1790s: Beginning of Second Great Awakening

1816: Second Bank of United States chartered

Tariff of 1816 imposes substantial import tariffs

Election of James Monroe

1819: Panic of 1819 (unemployment lasts until 1823)

1820: Missouri Compromise

Reelection of James Monroe

1820s: Growth of New England textile mills

1823: Monroe Doctrine

1824: Proposal by President Monroe to move Native Americans east of the Mississippi River

1825: John Quincy Adams elected president by House of Representatives (no candidate had won a majority in Electoral College)

1828: Andrew Jackson elected president

1830: Passage of Indian Removal Act in Congress Webster-Hayne debate

1830s: Growth of the Whig Party

1831: Cherokee nation goes to court to defend tribal rights in Cherokee Nation v. Georgia

First issue of William Lloyd Garrison’s The Liberator published

1832: Andrew Jackson reelected

Nullification crisis after nullification of tariffs by South Carolina

1834: First strike of women textile workers in Lowell, Massachusetts

1836: Democrat Martin Van Buren elected president

1840: Whig William Henry Harrison elected president

Review Questions

1. President Monroe claimed that westward relocation of Native Americans would be to the advantage of the Native Americans because

A. they would not be bothered west of the Mississippi

B. the American military would protect them during the journey

C. they would be well compensated for the tribal lands that they were leaving

D. they would not have to pay for the lands they were moving to

E. settlers west of the Mississippi were receptive to Native American settlement there

(Correct Answer: A. Monroe stated that Native Americans could not avoid being continually harassed if they lived cast of the Mississippi, but that this would not happen after they moved.)

2. The concept of nullification became an issue during this period when

A. Georgia opposed congressional legislation concerning slavery

B. South Carolina nullified congressional legislation concerning the removal of Native Americans

G. South Carolina nullified congressional tariff bills

D. Southern representatives to the Electoral College switched their votes in the 1824 election

E. Virginia nullified congressional legislation concerning slavery

(Correct Answer: C. Because the tariff bills increased the prices of cloth and iron, the South Carolina legislature first nullified the Tariff of 1828.)

3. Critics of Andrew Jackson would make alt of the following claims except

A. he was a very common man and not fit to be president

B. he gave too much power to the presidency

C. he gave political offices to his friends

D. his lack of experience in governmental affairs

E. he relied too much on his “Kitchen Cabinet"

(Correct Answer: D. All of the other criticisms were often made against Jackson. However, he did have an impressive background: Before becoming president, he had served as a congressman and a senator from Tennessee and as the territorial governor of Florida.)

4. The following are true about the textile mills of New England in the early nineteenth century except

A. a large percentage of their workforce was made up of women

B. they depended on water for power

C. they used a system called the putting-out system

D. Almost none still exist today.

E. th ere was little labor unrest in the mills until the 1830s and 1840s

(Correct Answer: C. It was the putting-out system that these mills replaced.)

5. Horace Mann is associated with

A. abolitionism

B. the temperance movement

C. prison reform

D. educational reform

E. reform for conditions of the mentally ill

(Correct Answer: D. Horace Mann wrote and spoke about the need to improve schools and to improve teacher training methods.)