Constantine the Great, 324–37
Constantius, 337–61
Julian the Apostate, 361–3
Jovian, 363–4
Valens, 364–78
Theodosius the Great, 379–95
Arcadius, 395–408
Theodosius II, 408–50
Marcian, 450–7
Leo I, 457–74
Leo II, 474
Zeno, 474–91
Anastasius 1, 491–518
Justin I, 518–27
Justinian the Great, 527–65
Justin II, 565–78
Tiberius II, 578–82
Maurice, 582–602
Phocas, 602–10
Heraclius, 610–41
Constantine II, 641
Heracleonas, 641
Constantine III, 641–68
Constantine IV, 668–85
Justinian II, 685–95
Leontius, 695–8
Tiberius III, 698–705
Justinian II (for the second time), 705–11
Phillipicus Bardanes, 711–13
Anastasius II, 713–15
Theodosius III, 715–17
Leo III, 717–41
Constantine V, 741–75
Leo IV, 775–80
Constantine VI, 780–97
Eirene, 797–802
Nicephorus I, 802–11
Stauracius, 811
Michael I, 811–13
Leo V, 813–20
Michael II, 820–9
Theophilus, 829–42
Michael III, 842–67
Basil I, 867–86
Leo VI, 886–912
Alexander, 912–13
Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus, 913–59
Romanus I Lecapenus (co-emperor), 919–44
Romanus II, 959–63
Nicephorus II Phocas, 963–9
John I Tzimisces, 969–76
Basil II, 976–1024
Constantine VIII, 1025–8
Romanus III Argyrus, 1028–34
Michael IV, 1034–41
Michael V, 1041–2
Theodora and Zoe, 1042
Constantine IX, 1042–55
Theodora (for the second time), 1055–6
Michael VI, 1056–7
Isaac I Comnenus, 1057–9
Romanus IV Diogenes, 1067–71
Michael VII Ducas, 1071–8
Nicephorus III Botaniates, 1078–81
Alexius I Comnenus, 1081–1118
John II Comnenus, 1118–43
Manuel I Comnenus, 1143–80
Alexius II Comnenus, 1180–3
Andronicus I Comnenus, 1183–5
Isaac II Angelus, 1185–95
Alexius III Angelus, 1195–1203
Isaac II Angelus (for the second time), 1203–4
Alexius IV Angelus (co-emperor), 1203–4
Alexius V Ducas, 1204
THE LATIN OCCUPATION
Baudouin I, 1204–5
Henri, 1205–16
Pierre de Courtenoi, 1216–19
Robert, 1219–28
Baudouin II, 1228–61
BYZANTINE EMPERORS IN NICAEA
Theodore I Lascaris, 1204–22
John IV Vatatzes, 1222–54
Theodore II Lascaris, 1254–8
John IV Lascaris (co-emperor), 1258–61
Michael VIII Palaeologus (co-emperor), 1258–61
RESTORATION OF BYZANTIUM
Michael VIII Palaeologus, 1261–82
Andronicus II Palaeologus, 1282–1328
Michael IX Palaeologus (co-emperor), 1295–1320
Andronicus III Palaeologus, 1328–41
John V Palaeologus, 1341–76
John VI Cantacuzenus (co-emperor), 1341–54
Andronicus IV Palaeologus, 1376–9
John V Palaeologus (for the second time), 1379–91
John VII Palaeologus, 1390
Manuel II Palaeologus, 1391–1425
John VIII Palaeologus, 1425–48
Constantine XI Dragases, 1449–53