Archives and Collections
American Lloyd’s Register of American and Foreign Shipping 1865, “Emily B. Souder.”
Claude Moore Health Sciences Library, University of Virginia
The Jefferson Randolph Kean Papers
The Philip S. Hench Walter Reed Yellow Fever Collection
Public Health Papers and Reports, presented at the Twenty-Ninth Annual Meeting of the American Public Health Association, Buffalo, NY, September 16 -20, 1901
Senate Document No. 822
The Wade Hampton Frost Papers
Walter Reed Letters
The William Bennett Bean Papers
Dee J. Canale, M.D., Yellow Fever and Medical History Private Collection
Elmwood Cemetery Charles C. Parsons File Ledger for August and September 1878 burials at Elmwood William J. Armstrong, Armstrong Family File
Health Sciences Historical Collection, University of Tennessee
Library of Medicine Simon R. Bruesch Collection
Library of Congress, Rare Books Collection
Conclusions of the board of experts authorized by Congress to investigate the yellow fever epidemic of 1878: being in reply to questions of the committees of the Senate and House of Representatives of the Congress of the United States, upon the subject of epidemic diseases. Washington, DC: 1879.
Proceedings of the Board of Experts authorized by Congress, to investigate the yellow fever epidemic of 1878: Meeting held in Memphis, Tenn., December 26th, 27th, 28th, 1878. Washington, DC: 1879.
Sigsbee, Charles Dwight. The Maine. New York: The Century Co., 1899.
“Yellow Fever Bill.” Washington, DC: 1879.
Memphis History Exhibit, Pink Palace Museum
Mississippi Valley Collection, University of Memphis
Caleb Goldsmith Forshey Diaries
Charles G. Fisher Papers
De La Hunt Papers
Eldon Roark Papers
Hughetta Snowden Papers
Jefferson Davis Papers
Mary Louise Costillo Nichols Scrapbook
Pinch District Collection
Porter-Rice Family Papers
U.S. Department of Agriculture Weather Bureau, Memphis Station Records, 1878
National Archives and Records Administration
Records of Public Buildings Service
Record Group 112
National Library of Medicine, History of Medicine Collection
Albert Ernest Truby Papers (1898-1953)
Fever Epidemic at Columbia Barracks Collection
George Miller Sternberg Papers (1861-1912)
Walter Reed Papers (1898-1902)
New York Academy of Medicine
“Record of the Yellow Fever Commission’s Work.” Archibald Malloch Collection.
Record of American and Foreign Shipping 1871, “Emily B. Souder.”
Yellow Fever Collection, Memphis Library
Charles Carroll Parsons Papers
General Colton Greene File
George C. Harris Papers
Howard Association Collection
John H. Erskine File
John Ogden Carley Papers
Lena A. Warner File
Louis Schuyler Papers
Summary of Minutes of Board of Health, City of Memphis, 1870-1905
William J. Armstrong Papers
Books and Articles
Agramonte, Aristides. The Inside History of a Great Medical Discovery. Havana: Times of Cuba Press, 1915.
Altman, Lawrence K., M.D. Who Goes First? Berkeley: University of California Press, 1986.
Anderson, Laurie Halse. Fever 1793. New York: Aladdin, 2002.
Baker, Christopher. Cuba. Third Edition. Emeryville, CA: Avalon Travel Publishing, 2004.
Baker, Thomas. “Yellowjack: The Yellow Fever Epidemic of 1878 in Memphis, Tennessee.” Bulletin of the History of Medicine, Vol. 42, No. 3 (1968).
Barry, John M. The Great Influenza: The Epic Story of the Deadliest Plague in History. New York: Viking Penguin, 2004.
Bean, William B., M.D. Walter Reed, A Biography. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1982.
Bemiss, S. M. “Report upon Yellow Fever in Louisiana in 1878.” New Orleans Medical and Surgical Journal, n.s., XI (1883): 82-86.
Best, S., et al. “Inhibition of interferon-stimulated JAK-STAT Signaling by tick-borne Flavivirus of NS5 as interferon antagonist.” Journal of Virology (Sept. 2005).
Biennial Report—Memphis Board of President of Fire and Police Commissioners of the Taxing District (Memphis), Shelby County, Tennessee, to the Governor of the State. December 1, 1880.
Bloom, Khaled J. The Mississippi Valley’s Great Yellow Fever Epidemic of 1878. Baton Rouge and London: Louisiana State University Press, 1993.
Bond, Beverly G., and Janann Sherman. Memphis: In Black and White. Chicago: Arcadia Publishing, 2003.
Brands, H. W. The Reckless Decade: America in the 1890s. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1995.
Bray, R. S. Armies of Pestilence: The Impact of Disease on History. New York: Barnes and Noble Books, 1996.
Bristow, Eugene. “From Temple to Barn: The Greenlaw Opera House in Memphis, 1860-1880.” West Tennessee Historical Society Papers, XXI, 1967.
Bruesch, Simon Rulin, M.D. “The Disasters and Epidemics of a River Town: Memphis, Tennessee, 1819-1879.” Reprinted from Bulletin of the Medical Library Association, Vol. 40, No. 3 (July 1952).
Bruesch, Simon Rulin, M.D. “Yellow Fever in Tennessee in 1878.” Journal of the Tennessee Medical Association, Part I (December 1978), Part II (February 1979), Part III (March 1979).
Bunnell, Joseph. “Killer Virus.” University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston Quarterly. Winter 2001: 16-19.
Burnside, Madeleine, and Rosemarie Robotham. Spirits of the Passage: The Transatlantic Slave Trade of the Seventeenth Century. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1997.
Buser, Lawrence. “City Still Bears Scars of Epidemic Century Ago.” The Commercial Appeal, June 18, 1978.
Bynum, W. F. Science and the Practice of Medicine in the Nineteenth Century. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1994.
Capers, Gerald M., Jr. The Biography of a River Town, Memphis: Its Heroic Age. New Orleans: Tulane University, Published by Gerald M. Capers, 1966.
Carrigan, Jo Ann. The Saffron Scourge: A History of Yellow Fever in Louisiana. Lafayette: University of Louisiana Press, 1994.
Carrigan, Jo Ann. “Yellow Fever: Scourge of the South.” Disease and Distinctiveness in the American South. Knoxville: The University of Tennessee Press, 1988.
Carroll, J. “A Brief Review of the Aetiology of Yellow Fever.” New York Medical Journal and Philadelphia Medical Journal 79 (1904): 241-45, 307-10.
Carter, Henry Rose. Yellow Fever: An Epidemiological and Historical Study of Its Place of Origin (1931).
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. “Fatal Yellow Fever in a Traveler Returning from Amazonas, Brazil, 2002.” Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (April 19, 2002): 324-25.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. “Fatal Yellow Fever in a Traveler Returning from Venezuela, 1999.” Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (April 14, 2000): 303-5.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. “Response to an Epidemic of Yellow Fever.” (November 3, 2005).
Choppin, Samuel. “History of the Importation of Yellow Fever into the United States, 1693-1878.” Public Health Papers, American Public Health Association, Vol. 4 (1877-1878).
Cloudesley-Thompson, J. L. Insects and History. London: Weidenfeld & Nicholson, 1976.
Coleman, William. Yellow Fever in the North: The Methods of Early Epidemiology. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1987.
Community of St. Mary, the Sisters of St. Mary at Memphis: With the Acts and Sufferings of the Priests and Others Who Were There With Them During the Yellow Fever Season of 1878. New York, 1879.
Connell, Mary Ann Strong. “The First Peabody Hotel: 1869 -1923.” West Tennessee Historical Society Papers, Vol. 28-30 (1974): 76.
Constance and Her Companions, the Martyrs of Memphis.
Coppock, Helen, and Charles Crawford. Paul Coppock’s Midsouth, Vol. III (1976-1978). Nashville: Williams Printing, 1993.
Coppock, Paul. Memphis Memoirs. Memphis: Memphis State University Press, 1980.
Coppock, Paul. Memphis Sketches. Memphis: Friends of Memphis & Shelby County Libraries, 1976.
Coppock, Paul. “Memphis’ No. 1 Fighter of Yellow Fever.” The Commercial Appeal, June 9, 1974.
Costillo, Mary L. “Reminiscences of My Childhood and Youth.” West Tennessee Historical Papers 12 (1958): 80-1081.
Crane, Stephen. This Majestic Lie. (1900).
Crawford, Charles W. Yesterday’s Memphis. Miami, FL: E. A. Seemann Publishing, 1976.
Cushing, Harvey. The Life of Sir William Osler. London: Oxford University Press, 1940.
Dando, Mary. “Our Immigrant Heritage: The Irish in Memphis.” Memphis Magazine (September 2003).
Davis, J. H. St. Mary’s Cathedral 1858-1958. Memphis: Published by the Chapter of St. Mary’s Cathedral, 1958.
Davis, J. H. “Two Martyrs of the Yellow Fever Epidemic of 1878.” West Tennessee History Society Papers, Vol. 26 (1972): 20-39.
Davis, James. The History of the City of Memphis. Memphis: Hite, Crumpton & Kelly Printers, 1873.
De Kruif, Paul. Microbe Hunters. New York: Harcourt, 1926.
Delaporte, F. History of Yellow Fever: An Essay on the Birth of Tropical Medicine. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1991.
Del Regato, J. A. “Jesse William Lazear: The Successful Experimental Transmission of Yellow Fever by the Mosquito.” Medical Heritage, Vol. 2, No. 6 (November-December 1986).
Desowitz, Robert S. The Malaria Capers: Tales of Parasites and People. New York: W. W Norton, 1991.
Desowitz, Robert S. Who Gave Pinta to the Santa Maria? New York: W. W. Norton, 1997.
Diamond, Jared. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies. New York: W. W. Norton, 1999.
Diaz, Henry F., and Gregory J. McCabe. “A Possible Connection between the 1878 Yellow Fever Epidemic in the Southern United States and the 1877-78 El Niño Episode.” Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, September 30, 1998: 21-28.
Dromgoogle, Dr. J. P. Yellow Fever Heroes, Honors, and Horrors of 1878. Louisville: John P. Morton, 1879.
Durham, Herbert and Walter Myers. “Yellow Fever Expedition.” British Medical Journal, September 8, 1900.
Eaton, Tim. “Family of Yellow Fever Victim Loses Its Lawsuit.” Corpus Christi Caller-Times, May 14, 2004.
Eckstein, Gustav. Noguchi. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1931.
Ellis, J. H. Yellow Fever and Public Health in the New South. Lexington: University of Kentucky Press, 1992.
Ellis, John H. “Disease and the Destiny of a City: The 1878 Yellow Fever Epidemic in Memphis.” West Tennessee Historical Society Papers 28 (1974): 75- 89.
Elmwood: History of the Cemetery. Memphis: Boyle and Chapman Printers, Publishers and Binders, 1874.
Erskine, John H. “A Report on Yellow Fever as It Appeared in Memphis, Tenn., in 1873.” American Public Health Association, Public Health Papers and Reports, Vol. I (1873).
Finger, Michael. “The Martyrs of Memphis.” Memphis Magazine, 1999.
Finger, Michael. “When Cotton Was King.” Memphis Magazine, City Guide, 2003.
Finlay, Carlos E. Carlos Finlay and Yellow Fever. New York: Oxford University Press, 1940.
Fitch, S. S. The Family Physician. New York, 1876.
Fowinkle, Eugene, M.D., and Mildred Hicks. “Development of Public Health and the Yellow Fever Epidemics in Memphis.” History of Medicine in Memphis. Jackson, TN: McCowat-Mercer Press, 1971.
“Fragment of YFV May Hold Key to Safer Vaccine,” Medical News Today (July 17, 2005).
Garrett, Laurie. The Coming Plague: Newly Emerging Diseases in a World Out of Balance. New York: Penguin Books, 1994.
“George Waring Obituary.” The New York Times, October, 30, 1898.
Gillett, Mary. “A Tale of Two Surgeons.” Medical Heritage, November /December 1985.
Goddard, J. Physician’s Guide to Arthropods of Medical Importance. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2003.
Goodman, Dr. Louis, and Dr. Alfred Gillman. The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. Second Edition. New York: Macmillan, 1955.
Gorgas, Marie. William Crawford Gorgas: His Life and Work. New York: Doubleday, 1924.
Gorgas, W. C. “Sanitation of the Tropics with Special Reference to Malaria and Yellow Fever.” Journal of the American Medical Association 52 (1909): 1075-77.
Gorn, Elliott J. Mother Jones. New York: Hill and Wang, 2001.
Gould, Lewis L. America in the Progressive Era, 1890-1914. New York: Longman, 2001.
Greenhill, E. Diane, R.N., B.S.N., Ed.D. From Diploma to Doctorate: 100 Years of Nursing. Memphis: University of Tennessee Press, 1988.
Groh, Lynn. Walter Reed, Pioneer in Medicine. New York: Dell Publishing, 1971.
Guitéras, Juan. “Experimental Yellow Fever at the Inoculation Station of the Sanitary Department of Havana with a View to Producing Immunization.” American Medicine, November 23, 1901.
Halle, Arthur. “History of the Memphis Cotton Carnival.” West Tennessee Historical Society Papers, Vol. I (1952).
Harkins, John E. Metropolis of the American Nile, Memphis and Shelby County. Oxford, MS: The Guild Bindery Press, 1982.
Harris, George C. “Memorial Sermon Preached in St. Mary’s Cathedral, Memphis, December 22, 1878.” New York: 1878.
Hatcher, J. Edward, Jr. Gayoso Bayou. Memphis: St. Luke’s Press, 1982.
Hemmeter, John C. “Major James Carroll of the United States Army, Yellow Fever Commission, and the Discovery of the Transmission of Yellow Fever by the Bite of the Mosquito ‘Stegomyia Fasciata.’ ” American Public Health Reports, 1908.
Hicks, M. (ed.). Yellow Fever and the Board of Health, Memphis, 1878. The Memphis and Shelby County Health Department, 1964.
Higman, B. W. Slave Populations of the British Caribbean, 1807-1834. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1988.
“Horrors of Plague Live on Thru Years.” The Evening Appeal, December 27, 1932.
Howard, Leland Ossian. Mosquitoes: How They Live; How They Carry Disease; How They Are Classified; How They May Be Destroyed, 1901.
Hume, Edgar Erskine. “Sternberg’s Centenary, 1838-1938.” The Military Surgeon 84 (1939): 420-28.
Humphreys, Margaret. Yellow Fever and the South. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992.
“Hydropathy Used in Fever Epidemic.” The Night Desk, The Commercial Appeal, January 16, 1954.
“Incidents of the Scourge at the South.” Frank Leslie’s Illustrated Newspaper, September 21, 1878.
Keating, J. M. The Yellow Fever Epidemic of 1878, in Memphis, Tennessee. Memphis: Printed for the Howard Association, 1879.
Kelly, Howard A. Walter Reed and Yellow Fever. New York: McClure, Phillips, 1906.
Kolata, Gina. Flu: The Story of the Great Influenza Pandemic of 1918 and the Search for the Virus That Caused It. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1999.
Lanier, Robert. “Memphis Greets War With Spain.” The West Tennessee Historical Society Papers, No. 18 (1964).
LaPointe, Patricia M. From Saddlebags to Science: A Century of Health Care in Memphis, 1830-1930. Memphis: Health Sciences Museum Foundation, 1984.
La Roche, R. Yellow Fever. Philadelphia: Blanchard and Lea, 1855.
Latimer, C. W. “James Carroll.” in H. A. Kelly and W. L. Burrage, A Cyclopedia of American Medical Biography. Baltimore: Norman, Remington, 1920.
Lederer, Susan E. Subjected to Science, Human Experimentation in America Before the Second World War. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995.
“Lena Warner Obituary.” The Commercial Appeal, August 19 -20, 1948.
Leonard, Jonathan. “Carlos Finlay’s Life and the Death of Yellow Jack.” Bulletin of The Pan-American Health Organization 23-24 (1989): 438-52.
“Loss of the Emily B. Souder.” The New York Times, January 17, 1879.
Mackie, Dr. Thomas, Dr. George Hunter, and Dr. C. Worth. A Manual of Tropical Medicine. Second Edition. Philadelphia and London: W. B. Saunders Company, 1955.
Maegraith, B. G. “History of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine.” Medical History, Vol. 16, No. 4 (1972): 354-68.
Magness, Perre. Elmwood: In the Shadow of Elms. Published by Elmwood Cemetery, 2001.
Magness, Perre. Past Times: Stories of Early Memphis. Memphis: Mercury Printing, 1994.
Malkin, Harold M. “The Trials and Tribulations of George Miller Sternberg (1838-1915)—America’s First Bacteriologist.” Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 36.4 (Summer 1993): 666-78.
Millard, Candice. River of Doubt: Theodore Roosevelt’s Darkest Journey. New York: Doubleday, 2005.
Monath, T. P. “The 1970 Yellow Fever Epidemic in Okwoga District, Benue Plateau State, Nigeria. 2: Epidemiological Observations.” Bulletin of the World Health Organization 49 (1973).
Monath, T. P. “The 1970 Yellow Fever Epidemic in Okwoga District, Benue Plateau State, Nigeria. 2: Immunity Survey to Determine Geographic Limits and Origins of the Epidemic.” Bulletin of the World Health Organization 49 (1973).
Monath, T. P. “Yellow Fever: An Update.” Lancet Infectious Diseases 1 (2001): 11-20.
Monath, T. P. “Yellow Fever: Victor, Victoria? Conqueror, Conquest? Epidemics and Research in the Last Forty Years and Prospects for the Future.” American Journal of Tropical Medicine, Vol. 45, No. 1 (1991).
Muñoz-Jordán, Jorge L., et al. “Inhibition of Alpha/Beta Interferon Signaling by the NS4B Protein of Flaviviruses.” Virology, Vol. 79, No. 13 (2005).
Myers, Anna. Graveyard Girl. New York: Walker, 1995.
Nasidi, A., T. P. Monath, K. DeCock, et al. “Urban Yellow Fever Epidemic in Western Nigeria, 1987.” Transactions of the Royal Society for Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 83 (1989): 401-6.
“News Feature: Globalization—How Healthy?” Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 79 (2001).
Norman, C. “The Unsung Hero of Yellow Fever?” Science, Vol. 223 (1984): 1370-72.
Oldstone, Michael B. A. Viruses, Plagues, and History. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.
Ornelas-Struve, Carole and Joan Hassell. Memphis, 1800-1900, Volume III: Years of Courage. New York: Nancy Powers, 1982.
O’Toole, G.J.A. The Spanish War: AnAmerican Epic 1898. New York: W. W. Norton and Company, 1984.
“Pan-American Medical Conference.” Journal of the American Medical Association 36: 461- 62 and 446 -47.
Peller, S. “Walter Reed, C. Finlay, and their Predecessors Around 1800.” Bulletin of the History of Medicine 33 (1959): 195-211.
Petri, William A. “America in The World: 100 Years of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.” American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 71 (1), 2004.
Pierce, John R., and Jim Writer. Yellow Jack. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2005.
The Pinch, Market Square, Brinkley Park: Neighborhood Story and a Guide Map of Historical Places.
Plunkett, Kitty. Memphis: A Pictorial History. Norfolk, VA: The Donning Company, 1976.
Porteous, Clark. “So New York City Thinks It Has Problems, Ask Memphis About Yellow Fever Epidemic.” Press-Scimitar, July 14, 1975.
Quinn, Rev. D. A. Heroes and Heroines of Memphis or Reminiscences of the Yellow Fever Epidemics. Providence, RI: E. L. Freeman & Son, 1887.
Reed, W., and J. Carroll. “The Etiology of Yellow Fever.” American Medicine 3 (1902): 301.
Reiter, Paul and Richard Darsie. “Aedes albopictus in Memphis, Tennessee (USA): An Achievement of Modern Transportation.” Mosquito News (1984).
Reiter, Paul. “Global Warming and Vector-Borne Disease: Is Warmer Sicker?” Competitive Enterprise Institute, July 28, 1998.
“Reported Loss of the Steam-Ship Emily B. Souder.” The New York Times, December 28, 1878.
“Resurgence of Yellow Fever.” World Health Forum 14 (1993).
Riedel, Nora Huber, ed. and trans. Yellow Fever Quarantine in Memphis, Tennessee, August 14-October 30, 1878. Excerpts from the Diary of Henry Sieck, Pastor of Trinity Lutheran Church, Memphis, Tennessee.
Robertson, S. E., B. P. Hull, O. Tomori, O. Bele, J. LeDuc, and K. Esteves. “Yellow Fever: A Decade of Re-emergence.” Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 276, No. 14 (1996): 1157- 62.
Schlereth, Thomas J. Victorian America: Transformations in Everyday Life. New York: Harper Perennial, 1991.
Segel, Lawrence, M.D. “The Yellow Fever Plot: Germ Warfare during the Civil War.” The Canadian Journal of Diagnosis, 2002.
Sigafoos, Robert A. Cotton Row to Beale Street. Memphis: Memphis State University Press, 1979.
The Sisters of St. Mary at Memphis: With the Acts and Sufferings of the Priests and Others Who Were There with Them during the Yellow Fever Season of 1878. New York: Printed, but not Published (1879). Transcribed by Elizabeth Boggs and Richard Mammana, 2000-2001.
Solorazano, Armando. “Sowing the Seeds of Neo-imperialism: The Rockefeller’s Yellow Fever Campaign in Mexico.” International Journal of Health Services, 1993.
Sorrels, William W. Memphis’ Greatest Debate; a Question of Water. Memphis: Memphis State University Press, 1970.
Spielman, Andrew, and Michael D’Antonio. Mosquito: The Story of Man’s Deadliest Foe. New York: Hyperion, 2001.
Starr, Paul. The Social Transformation of American Medicine: New York: Basic Books, 1982.
Sternberg, G. M. “The Address of the President.” Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 30 (1898): 1373- 80.
Sternberg, George M. “The Bacillus Icteroides (Sanarelli) and Bacillus X (Sternberg).” Transactions of the Association of American Physicians 13 (1898): 70-71 and discussion by William Osler: 61-72.
Sternberg, George M. Yellow Fever. Extracted from The American System of Practical Medicine. Philadelphia and New York: Lea Brothers, 1897- 98.
Sternberg, George M., and Walter Reed. “Report on Immunity against Vaccination Conferred upon the Monkey by Use of the Serum of the Vaccinated Calf and Monkey.” Transactions of the Association of American Physicians 10 (1895): 57-69.
Sternberg, Martha. George Miller Sternberg: A Biography. Chicago: American Medical Association, 1920.
Stewart, Walter. “Bring Out Your Dead, Cried Yellow Fever.” Press-Scimitar, April 7, 1932.
Strong, Philip. “Epidemic Psychology: A Model.” Sociology of Health & Illness, Vol. 12, No. 3 (1990).
Sullivan, M. Our Times: The Turn of the Century. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1937.
Summers, Thomas O., M.D. Yellow Fever. Nashville: Wheeler Bros., 1879.
Talley, Robert. “Newton J. Jones Visits Here, Remembers 1878 Plague Well.” The Commercial Appeal, July 19, 1938.
Taubes, Gary. “Tales of a Bloodsucker—Asian Tiger Mosquitoes.” Discover (July 1998).
Thomas, Hugh. Cuba, or the Pursuit of Freedom. New York: Da Capo Press, 1998.
Thornton, Charles. “Yellow Fever’s Horror Recalled 100 Years After Its Departure.” Press-Scimitar, August 7, 1978.
Truby, Albert E. Memoir of Walter Reed: The Yellow Fever Episode. New York: Paul B. Hoeber, 1943.
Turner, Charles. The Celebrant. Ann Arbor, MI: Servant Publications, 1982.
Van Epps, Heather L. “Broadening the Horizons for Yellow Fever: New Uses for an Old Vaccine.” Journal of Experimental Medicine, Vol. 201, No. 1: 165- 68.
Vaughan, Victor Clarence. A Doctor’s Memories. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1926.
Victory, Joy. “Rare U.S. Case of Yellow Fever Ends in Death.” Corpus Christi Caller-Times, March 27, 2002.
Waring, George E. Report on the Condition of the Sewers of Memphis, Tenn. March 4, 1893.
Waring, George E. Report on the Social Statistics of Cities. Washington, D.C., 1887.
Warner, Margaret H. “Hunting the Yellow Fever Germ: The Principle and Practice of Etiological Proof in Late Nineteenth-Century America.” Bulletin of Historical Medicine 59 (1985): 361- 82.
Watts, Sheldon. Epidemics and History: Disease, Power and Imperialism. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1997.
White, Mimi. “1878 Yellow Fever Epidemic.” Tennessee Medical Alumnus, Vol. II, No. 2 (Fall 1978).
Williams, Greer. The Plague Killers. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1969.
Williams, Greer. The Virus Hunters. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1960.
Wills, Christopher. Yellow Fever, Black Goddess: The Coevolution of People and Plagues. Cambridge: Helix Books, Perseus Publishing, 1996.
Wingfield, Marshall. “The Life and Letters of Dr. William J. Armstrong.” West Tennessee Historical Society Papers, Vol. IV (1950): 97-113.
Winter, F. “The Romantic Side of the Conquest of Yellow Fever.” The Military Surgeon, Vol. 61 (1927).
Wood, Laura. Walter Reed, Doctor in Uniform. New York: Julian Messner, 1943.
World Health Organization. Prevention and Control of Yellow Fever in Africa. 1998.
World Health Organization. Strengthening Global Preparedness for Defense against Infectious Disease Threats, Senate Hearing on The Threat of Bioterrorism and the Spread of Infectious Diseases. September 5, 2001.
“Yellow Fever.” Old Shelby County Magazine, No. 5 (1999).
“The Yellow Fever Epidemic in Memphis in 1878.” Supplement to The West Tennessee Catholic.
“The Yellow Fever Experiments in Cuba.” Journal of American Medical Association 37 (1901): 839-40.
“Yellow Fever in New Orleans.” The New York Times, July 26, 1878.
Newspaper Clippings
The Avalanche, 1878
The Commercial Appeal, 1970-2005
Frank Leslie’s Illustrated Newspaper, 1878
The Memphis Daily Appeal, 1878-1879
The New York Times, 1878-1879, 1900-1901
Press-Scimitar, 1878-1978
The Washington Post, 1900-1901