Part V
In this part...
Because even the fastest NASCAR jockey needs a couple of turns around the track to get in shape, get ready to take some warm up laps. You know more than you think you know about U.S. History; now’s the time to roll your brain out of the study tune-up garage and take it for a test drive.
Practice Test 1 covers the earliest times to the Civil War. Practice Test 2 takes you from the Civil War to the present.
You’re going to win three ways on these realistic practice cruises:
1. Because these exams have the same types of questions and cover the same areas as the real tests, you’ll get good at cutting through the kind of traffic you’ll see on Test Day.
2. If you do less-than-spectacularly with one kind of question or one period in U.S. History, you still have time to make some final adjustments to your high-performance engine.
3. This is the kind of exam race everyone dreams of, with the answers right in the book. Because you’ve got all the answers and explanations with the exams, you’ll be reinforcing your knowledge of history as you cruise through the practice tests. Racers, start your engines, and may the history force be with you.
Answer Sheet for Multiple Choice
Use this bubble sheet to mark your answers for Section I of the exam.
Chapter 22
Time has come today to find out what you know. Don’t worry; a little fake pain now saves potential real pain on the day of the Big Exam. The practice test in this chapter covers the period from American Indian days to the Civil War.
Just like when it’s for real, allow yourself 55 minutes to answer the 80 multiple-choice questions on the first part of this test. Keep track of the time: Set an alarm for 55 minutes and go for it. The time limit breaks down to just 40 seconds per question, so mark and pass any question you’re not sure of. (See Chapter 4 for more on timing strategies.) Just think about this section as an isolated multiple-direction point hunt. Don’t even think about the rest of the test until you have the Section 1 multiple-choice challenge out of the way.
● Multiple-Choice: 80 questions, 55 minutes
● Document-Based Question: 1 essay, 60 minutes
● Regular Essays: 2 essays, 70 minutes
To make it easy to spot time periods in which you may be weak, I keep most of the multiple-choice questions on the two practice tests in chronological order, with the questions about the earliest time period at the beginning. Remember — the actual AP U.S. History exam will have the time periods of the questions all scrambled. Although the practice tests mostly stay in chronological order, I’ve done a little scrambling so you know what it feels like to be chronologically challenged.
The 80-questions-in-55-minutes thing on the multiple-choice section means you need a personal check in. At 30 minutes, you should be passing about question 40; this pace ensures that you have enough time to go back and shore up any weak spots. Practice tests are as much about figuring out timing as remembering answers.
For best results, don’t just say the answers to the questions you know. Mark the answer sheet just like you will when the big test goes live. That way, you get in the rhythm of the real thing. If you don’t want to mess up your beautiful For Dummies book, just copy the answer sheet.
Do not flip to the answer chapter (Chapter 23) when you run into a tough question to see whether you’re guessing right; you’ll find out soon enough when the test is done. You’re not going to be flipping around on test day, and that’s what you’re preparing for here.
After you spend 55 fun-filled minutes answering the 80 multiple-choice questions, you’ll take a mandatory 15-minute preparation period to consider your fate on the Document-Based Question (DBQ). You’ll then have 45 minutes to write the best DBQ you can dredge up from your mind and associated imagination. Pause, take a deep breath, and then go on to the regular essay questions. Pick the question that seems the least threatening from Part B. Take 5 big minutes to plan your response and 30 minutes to write the essay. Then do the same thing with Part C.
Section I: Multiple Choice
Time: 55 minutes 80 Questions
1. American natives were originally called Indians because
(A) they came from India across a land bridge
(B) Columbus thought he’d reached a land called Indiana
(C) the Spanish Padres felt they were born in Dios or in God
(D) Columbus believed he’d sailed all the way to the East Indies
(E) that’s what they called themselves
2. Mesoamerica in early American history means
(A) people of the maize or corn
(B) middle of the New World, around south Mexico and Central America
(C) the mesas upon which many early people lived
(D) the Midwest of the United States, where all the farms are
(E) home of the Incas in the middle of the mountains
3. An early union of American Indian tribes in what is now New York and the surrounding area was
(A) the Cherokee States
(B) the land of the Sioux
(C) the Iroquois Confederation
(D) the Mesoamerican Empire
(E) the Norseman Union
4. Place the major New World Indian empires in the same order as their homelands:
1) Mexico City, 2) north of Panama, and 3) from Columbia to Chile
(A) Mayan, Aztec, Inca
(B) Aztec, Meso, Inca
(C) Inca, Mayan, Aztec
(D) Meso, Inca, Mayan
(E) Aztec, Mayan, Inca
5. What was an important food that Europeans learned to eat from the New World Indians?
(A) corn
(B) potatoes
(C) tomatoes
(D) chocolate
(E) all of the above
6. The first explorer who sailed his boat all the way around the world was
(A) Vasco Balboa
(B) Ponce de Leon
(C) Ferdinand Magellan
(D) Francisco Coronado
(E) Francisco Pizarro
7. The encomienda system
(A) was a system of housing accommodations for Spanish padres
(B) showed the Spanish how to cook Mexican food
(C) governed relationships between the colonies
(D) laid out royal land grants
(E) assigned American Indians to colonists
8. The break that allowed England more power to colonize the New World came with the
(A) defeat of the Spanish Armada
(B) coronation of King George
(C) wealth of King James
(D) Henry Hudson’s fur discovery
(E) the War of the Roses
9. Pope’s Rebellion (1680) was
(A) an intrigue in which the pope divided up the New World
(B) an American Indian rebellion against the Spanish
(C) the revolt of Protestant settlers against Catholic rules
(D) a brief fight for power in the Holy See
(E) an insurrection over the right to make whiskey
10. The main goal for the founding of the British colony of Jamestown was
(A) to establish religious freedom
(B) to Christianize the American Indians
(C) to raise crops and export tobacco
(D) to find gold
(E) to explore the natural world of North America
11. The first African slaves came to Virginia
(A) just a few years before the Civil War
(B) kidnapped in American Indian canoes years before the white men came
(C) when America started growing cotton in the years just before the Revolution
(D) almost 400 years ago, before the Pilgrims even landed
(E) to fight in the French and Indian War
12. When the first wave of English settlers left for the New World in the mid 1600s, most of them headed for
(A) Virginia
(B) New England
(C) New York
(D) The West Indies
(E) Cuba
13. Which English settlers in North America were the Separatists who wanted to split completely from the Church of England?
(A) the Pilgrims
(B) the Puritans
(C) the Marylanders
(D) the Jamestown farmers
(E) the Carolina plantation workers
14. Anne Hutchinson (1638) was a
(A) leader of the conservative family movement
(B) the feminist wife of Captain John Smith
(C) the English name for Pocahontas
(D) a freethinking Puritan expelled for her beliefs
(E) an early witch trial victim
15. Who founded the city that would become New York?
(A) the Duke of York
(B) Spanish conquistadores
(C) the Dutch
(D) Henry Hudson, exploring on behalf of King George
(E) The Puritans
16. If you were an American Indian looking for fair treatment in early colonial America, in which colony would you have wanted to live?
(A) Puritan New England
(B) plantation Carolina
(C) newly growing Georgia
(D) Quaker Pennsylvania
(E) booming New Jersey
17. King Philip’s War caused
(A) Philip to assume the crown of Portugal
(B) American Indians to destroy 12 New England towns
(C) the English and Spanish to fight a naval battle
(D) raids on the Southern colonies of Georgia and South Carolina
(E) the end of troubles for the American Indians
18. The Dominion of New England (1643) was
(A) a local Puritan kingdom
(B) a zone for controlling the American Indians
(C) an area in which New England voters had complete control
(D) an attempt by the King to control New England with a royal governor
(E) an attempt by the New England colonies to get free for the direct control of the king
19. Which of these statements is true of slavery
in the colonies before the Revolution?
(A) the mainland British colonies got only a tiny minority of slaves taken from Africa to the New World
(B) before 1700, most indentured servants were white
(C) slave rebellions killed both blacks and whites
(D) all of the above
(E) none of the above
20. This courtroom scene from late 1600s New England shows
(A) the Case of the Stolen Bride
(B) the community deciding who owns Magee’s Farm
(C) the Salem Witch Trails
(D) girls reunited with their long-lost grandfather
(E) the power of the church to save sinners
21. A high point of power for the American Indians in colonial America during the 1600s was
(A) when they showed the Pilgrims how to have Thanksgiving
(B) when Pocahontas got to marry a colonist
(C) the founding of the first American Indian church school
(D) when they besieged Plymouth and burned Jamestown
(E) when settlers showed American Indians how to grow corn
22. The largest non-English speaking group in the British colonies before the Revolution was the
(A) Germans
(B) Spanish
(C) French
(D) Dutch
(E) Irish
23. What was the approximate population of the American colonies in 1750, before the Revolution?
(A) 10 million
(B) 100,000
(C) 100 million
(D) 1 million
(E) Nobody has any idea because there was no census.
24. The Scotch-Irish inhabitants in America before the Revolution
(A) were peaceful, shy settlers
(B) brought major investment money to the New World
(C) settled on small farms on the frontier
(D) made up much of the urban police force
(E) were an important part of the Catholic church
25. Peaceful American Indians attacked by whites in Pennsylvania before the Revolution were defended by
(A) the British Army
(B) the Paxton Boys
(C) Samuel Adams
(D) Benjamin Franklin
(E) the Indian Army
26. The colonies before the Revolution were made up of
(A) 95 percent English settlers
(B) a mixture of mostly English, Italian, and Spanish
(C) almost no black people
(D) a majority of non-English settlers in New England
(E) the most multicultural population in the world at that time
27. The economic system in which colonies were supposed to send raw material to their mother country and buy manufactured products from only that country is
(A) wage slavery
(B) capitalism
(C) mercantilism
(D) syndication
(E) distribution
28. The leading export crop for Virginia and Maryland before the Revolution was
(A) tobacco
(B) cotton
(C) wheat
(D) slaves
(E) fish
29. The Navigation Acts passed beginning in
1650 were meant to
(A) help ships avoid dangerous reefs
(B) provide mapping assistance to explorers
(C) increase New England ship production
(D) block colonial trade with countries other than England
(E) increase colonial trade with countries other than England
30. Economically, the colonies before the
Revolution were
(A) so equal in income that everybody had the same resources
(B) one of the poorest places in the English-speaking world
(C) one of the richest places in the Englishspeaking world
(D) the home of large manufacturing plants
(E) entirely self-sufficient
31. Early universities like Harvard, Yale, Princeton, and Brown originated to train
(A) doctors
(B) lawyers
(C) ministers
(D) scientific farmers
(E) politicians
32. The First Great Awakening of the 1730s spread
(A) a quiet, contemplative religious feeling
(B) the idea that the colonies were getting the short end of the stick
(C) feelings of sectionalism separating the colonies
(D) New light emotional ministers
(E) Old light rational believers
33. This portrait by Charles Willson Peale shows an American
(A) around the time of the Revolution
(B) just before the Civil War
(C) in the time of Wilson Democracy
(D) in the earliest colonial days
(E) living in the time of Greece
34. The Three-Fifths Compromise in the U.S. Constitution
(A) allowed just over half of the states to block a new law
(B) required 3/5 of Congress to approve any compromise
(C) allowed 3/5 of the new states to forbid slavery
(D) counted slaves as 3/5 of a person when deciding representation
(E) mandated that three out of five voters must agree before any territory could become a state
35. The trial of Peter Zenger (1734) helped to further
(A) the rights of the Dutch to equal treatment
(B) freedom of the seas
(C) freedom of the press
(D) freedom of worship
(E) access to law school
36. Which of the following conflicts was NOT a European war that included fighting in the colonies?
(A) King William’s War
(B) Queen Anne’s War
(C) the War of Jenkins’ Ear
(D) the Opium War
(E) the French and Indian War
37. The Albany Congress (1754) convened to
(A) establish Albany as the capital of New York
(B) win the support of the American Indians
(C) begin a tax system for the colonies
(D) negotiate an end to Queen Anne’s War
(E) begin planning for the Erie Canal
38. Put these British laws that angered the colonies in the right date order from earliest to latest:
(A) Navigation Laws, Stamp Act, Intolerable Acts
(B) Stamp Act, Navigation Laws, Intolerable Acts
(C) Intolerable Acts, Stamp Act, Navigation Laws
(D) Navigation Laws, Intolerable Acts, Stamp Act
(E) Intolerable Acts, Navigation Laws, Stamp Act
39. During the American Revolution, the 1/6 of the colonists who sided with Britain were
(A) Royalists
(B) Loyalists
(C) Patriots
(D) Blue Coats
(E) Monarchists
40. The Declaration of Independence and Tom Paine’s Common Sense are examples of what kind of thinking?
(A) Existential
(B) Aristotelian
(C) Epicurean
(D) Machiavellian
(E) Enlightenment
41. “I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed.” These words are from a speech by
(A) John F. Kennedy
(B) Ronald Reagan
(C) Martin Luther King Jr.
(D) Harry S Truman
(E) Abraham Lincoln
42. A major problem for the patriots in the
Revolutionary War was
(A) bad field position
(B) lack of proper training
(C) shortage of doctors
(D) second rate generals
(E) lack of supplies from Congress
43. The idea of republican motherhood (1780) elevated the role of women by
(A) admitting women to the Republican Party
(B) allowing anyone who was a mother to claim government support
(C) viewing mothers as the most important source of democratic ideas for their children
(D) giving women full voting rights
(E) supporting the establishment of day care facilities throughout the new republic
44. The Land Ordinance of 1785 and the Northwest Ordinance of 1787
(A) established the new state of Tennessee in northwest Georgia
(B) set up what would become the Midwestern states of Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, Illinois, and Wisconsin
(C) gave free land beyond the Appalachian Mountains to veterans of the Revolutionary war
(D) oversaw relationships with American Indian tribes on the frontier
(E) worked on an alliance with Canada
45. The Articles of Confederation (1777)
(A) left most of the power in the hands of the states
(B) never took effect because of the Revolution
(C) are still the basis of all government in the United States
(D) helped to start the Confederacy in the Civil War
(E) were passed after a vote by the people
46. One of the important pieces of legislation passed under the Articles of Confederation was the
(A) Bill of Rights
(B) Louisiana Purchase
(C) Northwest Ordinance
(D) Declaration of Independence
(E) none of the above
47. When elder statesman Ben Franklin was leaving the Constitutional Convention, a woman asked him what form of government the United States was planning. Franklin said, “A republic, Madame, if you can keep it.” What did he mean by that?
(A) The U.S. was only going to be a republic if she could keep quiet about it.
(B) The U.S. would be a loose confederation run by the states.
(C) The new American government would have no judges or jails.
(D) The U.S. was trying a real republican form of government that would require the active participation of all citizens.
(E) The new U.S. government would choose Franklin as its leader.
48. An early government official who supported smaller government was
(A) Thomas Jefferson
(B) Alexander Hamilton
(C) John Jay
(D) John Adams
(E) John Marshall
49. What does the First Amendment to the Constitution cover?
(A) the right to bear arms
(B) protection from unreasonable search and seizure
(C) due process of law
(D) freedom of religion, speech and press
(E) protection from quartering troops
50. What is the collective name for the first ten
amendments to the Constitution?
(A) the Charter of Freedom
(B) the Bill of Liberty
(C) the Bill of Rights
(D) the Indomitable Agreement
(E) the Founding Fathers
51. What was the most important belief of a Federalist at the time of the writing of the Constitution?
(A) A strong central government was ideal.
(B) The U.S. should federalize the frontier into three states.
(C) The U.S. should have an express service for delivering mail.
(D) Only people who had served in the federal army should be in Congress.
(E) The government should be a confederation with most power reserved to the states.
52. Under the Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798, it was a crime to
(A) criticize the president
(B) house aliens without consent
(C) cause sedition by failing to become a citizen
(D) pay taxes to a foreign government
(E) travel to Canada or Mexico without permission
53. John Marshall was
(A) the third president
(B) founder of the Marshall Plan
(C) an influential Supreme Court Chief Justice
(D) the famous inventor of the steam engine
(E) the reason people often call sheriffs marshals
54. Jefferson’s Louisiana Purchase
(A) added 10 percent to the size of the United States
(B) was in keeping with Jefferson’s policy of a strong central government with broad policy-making power
(C) was a good way of getting Texas into the Union
(D) was actually contrary to Jefferson’s policy of a weak central government with most power left to the states
(E) wasn’t explored for twenty years
55. The Embargo Acts (1807) were
(A) designed to stop the Whiskey Rebellion
(B) a way of putting a lid on smuggling whiskey from Canada
(C) meant to limit trade and avoid war
(D) the first legal attempt to stop the selling of guns to the American Indians
(E) a way to encourage trade and growth
56. Sectionalism was an issue in the War of 1812 because
(A) New England strongly supported the war
(B) the South favored immediate negotiations
(C) the Star-Spangled Banner wasn’t yet the national flag
(D) New England strongly opposed the war
(E) the South wanted slaves to fight
57. Tecumseh was a great American Indian leader who
(A) helped the Pilgrims survive
(B) worked to save the life of Captain John Smith
(C) put together an American Indian alliance and fought to save his land
(D) signed a treaty turning over Louisiana
(E) lead Lewis and Clark on their expedition
Chapter 22: Practice Test 1: Acing the Early Names and Dates
58. Free blacks fought for U.S. victories in
(A) the Old Ironsides fight
(B) the Battle of New Orleans
(C) American Indian wars on the frontier
(D) the Civil War
(E) all of the above
59. The Era of Good Feelings was
(A) a time of peace after the Civil War
(B) another name for the hippie rock-and-roll era of the 1960s
(C) several years of cooperation after the War of 1812
(D) a time when the colonies had plenty of food before the Revolution
(E) a time of peace between the U.S. and Canada declared in 1820
60. In the case of Marbury v. Madison (1803), the Supreme Court decided that
(A) the Court can review all laws for their constitutionality.
(B) President Madison had to repay Marbury, thus establishing the role of executive privilege
(C) only the federal government can collect tariffs
(D) gun control is left to the states
(E) Marbury could run steam boats on the Mississippi
61. This picture represents
(A) female soldiers drafted into the U.S. Army
(B) target practice for the Women’s Artillery
(C) the Molly Pitcher spirit of women in the Revolutionary War
(D) the fact that women often manned cannons
(E) the role of women in the Civil War
62. Manifest Destiny means that the United States was
(A) bound to gain independence from England
(B) meant to rule the world
(C) certain to get Canada and Mexico some day
(D) fated to win World War I
(E) meant to spread west across the whole North American continent
63. American exceptionalism means that
(A) the U.S. has special rights and a mission in the world
(B) Manifest Destiny is wrong
(C) the U.S. is just like every other country
(D) Americans should be careful of foreign powers
(E) the U.S. may not be as sharp as other countries
64. The implied powers decision of the Supreme Court in McCulloch v. Maryland means that
(A) the president can do anything he wants in times of national emergency
(B) Congress can pass laws to carry out powers in the Constitution even though those acts aren’t specifically mentioned
(C) the Army has the power to destroy as well as protect if it’s in the national interest
(D) the Supreme Court can award titles to elected officials to carry out the Constitution
(E) states have the implied power to nullify federal laws
65. The appeals decision of the Supreme Court in Cohens v. Virginia means that
(A) defendants in a criminal case can appeal their conviction to the Supreme Court
(B) the Supreme Court automatically decides which side has the greater appeal
(C) the president has the right to appeal any law he doesn’t agree with
(D) Congress can appeal directly to the people over a presidential veto
(E) an appeal signed by two thirds of the states is enough to get any law overturned
66. The Missouri Compromise
(A) made sure Missouri was divided equally between slave and free sections
(B) divided the power between the president and Congress in a historic meeting in old Missouri
(C) drew the Mason-Dixon line between North and South
(D) allowed American Indians to remain in southern Missouri
(E) settled the tax issue along the lines proposed by Missouri
67. The Monroe Doctrine said that
(A) President Monroe had the power to raise taxes
(B) slavery would be confined to the South
(C) new states could decide whether they were slave or free
(D) foreign powers had to stay out of the United States
(E) foreign powers had to stay out of the New World
68. Along the Trail of Tears,
(A) civilized American Indians were forced to leave their Southern homes
(B) blacks marched to slavery
(C) Irish Americans fled their starving land
(D) dust bowl settlers moved west looking for jobs
(E) Revolutionary War widows looked for their husbands after battle
69. The biggest voting change in Jacksonian Democracy was that
(A) women could vote
(B) all men could vote
(C) Congress no longer elected the president
(D) all white men could vote
(E) the voters directly elected the Senate
70. The spoils system meant that
(A) the government disposed of spoiled food
(B) political winners gave out government jobs
(C) Army troops were entitled to keep any captured spoils on the campaigns
(D) corruption in politics spoiled the election process
(E) Congress established that laws had to be reconsidered every thirty years before they spoiled
71. When early presidents worried about nullification, they were concerned that
(A) states would try to revoke federal laws
(B) Congress would overturn the powers of the president
(C) the Supreme Court would strike down sections of the Constitution
(D) presidential rights to the spoils system would end
(E) the British would declare American independence null and void
72. Railroads took over from canals as the main form of transportation in the United States
(A) before the Revolution
(B) before the Civil War
(C) after the Civil War
(D) during the Andrew Jackson administration
(E) during the Thomas Jefferson administration
73. What is the most important aspect about
the John Deere Company of Rock Island?
(A) It produced the first steel plow, used to farm American land.
(B) It’s still in business.
(C) Rock Island eventually became a railroad town.
(D) It’s the inventor of the tractor.
(E) It proved that a manufacturer can sell both wholesale and retail.
74. In the cult of domesticity (1850),
(A) men were supposed to help with the housework
(B) women got the right to vote and demonstrate
(C) everyone was urged to buy domestic products
(D) women were thought to have weaker brains
(E) the role of women as moral leader of the household was enshrined
75. The fact that Charles Finney, a Second Great Awakening preacher, was also president of Oberlin College most importantly shows
(A) that ministers are smart enough to run colleges
(B) the connection between religious revival and social action
(C) the connection between Awakening and being president
(D) that Oberlin was a conservative school
(E) that Awakening preachers traveled the country
76. The Shakers, Brook Farm, New Harmony, and Oneida were all
(A) early organic food brands
(B) furniture manufacturers whose designs have lasted
(C) farm leaders
(D) utopian communities
(E) Midwestern political movements
77. The Seneca Falls Convention (1848) was
(A) the first important women’s rights meeting in the U.S.
(B) the first important environmental meeting in the U.S.
(C) the labor meeting that passed the Seneca resolution
(D) an American Indian rights convention
(E) a religious service that was part of the Great Awakening
78. Ralph Waldo Emerson was a
(A) Transcendentalist author
(B) abolitionist leader
(C) railroad organizer
(D) textile manufacturer
(E) leader of factory workers
79. The clauses on slavery in the Northwest Ordinance (1787) and on the future of the slave trade in the U.S. Constitution show
(A) early opposition to slavery
(B) early support for slavery
(C) the value of slaves in the South
(D) the spread of slaves to the North
(E) the reason the U.S. was founded
80. The “peculiar institution” was
(A) marriage
(B) funerals
(C) special schools
(D) slavery
(E) the Electoral College
Section 11: Free-Response Questions
In this section, test takers confront first the Document-Based Question (DBQ) in Part A and then the two regular essays in Parts B and C.
Part A: Document-Based Question
Planning Time: 15 minutes Suggested Writing Time: 45 minutes Percent of Section II score: 45
1. Discuss the changing nature of slavery and indentured servitude from the founding of the British North American colonies until the Civil War. What factors fostered the change from indentured servitude to slavery and influenced the evolution of slavery from the Revolution to the Civil War? Discuss the role of crops such as tobacco, cotton, and sugar. Use the documents and your knowledge of the time period in writing your response.
Document A
Source: Letter written by Christopher Columbus to his sponsors, the King and Queen of Spain, on his first voyage, 1493.
. . . their Highnesses may see that I shall give them all the gold they require, if they will give me but a very little assistance, spices also, and cotton, as much as their Highnesses shall command to be shipped; and mastic, hitherto found only in Greece, [and]. . . slaves, as many of these idolaters as their Highnesses shall command to be shipped.
Document B
Source: Grubb, Farley. “The Incidence of Servitude in Trans-Atlantic Migration, 1771-1804.” Explorations in Economic History 22 (1985b): 316-39
English Emigration to the American Colonies, by Destination and Type, 1773-76
|
Location |
Number of Immigrants |
Percent Indentured Servants |
|
New England |
54 |
1.85 |
|
Middle Colonies |
1,162 |
61.27 |
|
New York |
303 |
11.55 |
|
Pennsylvania |
859 |
78.81 |
|
Chesapeake |
2,984 |
96.28 |
|
Maryland |
2,217 |
98.33 |
|
Virginia |
767 |
90.35 |
|
Lower South |
307 |
19.54 |
|
Carolinas |
106 |
23.58 |
|
Georgia |
196 |
17.86 |
Document C
Source: Report on Indentured Servants, 1783
Those who can pay for their passage arrive in America free to take any engagement that suits them. Those who cannot pay are carried at the expense of the ship-owner, who in order to recoup his money, advertises on arrival that he has imported artisans, laborers and domestic servants and that he has agreed with them on his own account to hire their services for a period normally of three, four, or five years for men and women and 6 or 7 years for children.
Document D
Source: Black appeal to the Governor of Massachusetts, 1773
We have no Property. We have no Wives. No Children. We have no City. No Country. But we have a Father in Heaven. . . .
Document E
Source: Letter from Mississippi, 1836
. . .these were all merchants, who without much Capital went to speculating in Cotton. It is in truth the only country I ever read or heard of, where a poor man could in 2 or 3 years without any aid, become wealthy. . . . More than 6,000 Negroes and 10,000 horses and mules have been sold in Yazoo County alone.
Document F
Source: A Northern merchant threatens an abolitionist, 1835
There are millions upon millions of dollars due from Southerners to the merchants and mechanics of this city alone, the payment of which would be jeopardized by any rupture between the North and the South. We cannot afford, sir, to let you and your associates succeed in your endeavor to overthrow slavery. It is not a matter of principle with us. It is a matter of business necessity.
Source: Symbol of the Anti-Slavery Society
Document H
Source: Report of a slave girl, 1813
If a slave resisted being whipped, the bloodhounds were unpacked, and set upon him, to tear his flesh from his bones. The master who did these things was highly educated, and styled a perfect gentleman. He also boasted the name and standing of a Christian, though Satan never had a truer follower.
Document I
Source: Census data, Antebellum Economics
In 1860 the twelve wealthiest counties in the United States were all in the cotton growing South. Per capita income in the white South was higher by 1860 than in the North. With an economy based on slavery, the South was different from any other section of Europe or the United States.
Many Southerners initially opposed slavery; hundreds freed their slaves following the Revolution. With the invention of the cotton gin after the Revolution, cotton began to make huge amounts of money. As late as the 1830s, a bill in the Virginia legislature to abolish slavery came within a few votes of passing. After that, as the profits continued to rise from slavery based cotton, Southerners made the white fluffy fiber their “king” and became addicted to black slavery.
Part B and Part C
Total Suggested Planning and Writing Time: 70 minutes Percent of Section II score: 55
Part B
Choose ONE question from this part.
2. In what ways did the cultural background of early settlers influence the development of the pre-Revolutionary colonies? Discuss the New England, Middle, and Southern colonies with regard for TWO of the following:
National origins Religious beliefs Ethnic background Reasons for coming to America
3. Some historians say that Americans bought their freedom with slave labor. Explain how this charge relates to the development of the country before and after the Revolution in at least TWO of the following areas:
Economic development Political power Social beliefs Behavioral changes
Part C
Choose ONE question from this part.
4. How did the federal government change during the Jacksonian Era? Assess these changes in light of at least TWO of the following topics:
Voting behavior
Policy regarding American Indians States’ rights Federal power
5. How did relationships between the North and the South change in the time between the Revolution and the Civil War with regard to at least TWO of the following developments:
Missouri Compromise of 1820 Compromise of 1850 Kansas-Nebraska Act Dred Scott Decision