Chapter 24
Now it’s time for Practice Test 2, moving on up from the Civil War until the day before right now. Although the big AP will be light on questions about stuff that just happened yesterday, at least half the test will cover events from the Civil War on. Try it out with this chapter and see how you do. The multiple-choice section is first, followed by the essay questions.
● Multiple Choice: 80 questions, 55 minutes
● Document-Based Question: 1 essay, 60 minutes
● Regular Essays: 2 essays, 70 minutes
Although wanting to use a computer to type out your essays on this practice test is perfectly normal, try handwriting them if you really want a lock on how the big AP will feel. You won’t get computers, PDAs, or other electronic buddies on AP U.S. History game day.
Don’t take the practice test with your MP3 player on while your honey steers to the drive-through. Recreate actual combat conditions: sit up at a desk, pencil in hand, where the loudest sound is the clock. Turn off your phone and computer. Any friend meltdowns can wait while you work on your future success.
Section I: Multiple Choice
Time: 55 minutes 80 Questions
1. Southerners thought England would have to support them in the Civil War because England needed
(A) slaves
(B) Southern cotton
(C) Southern steel
(D) a friend in America
(E) Southern mint juleps
2. Most families in the pre-Civil War South
(A) owned about ten slaves
(B) owned no slaves
(C) secretly supported abolition
(D) worked for a Republican victory
(E) were opposed to slavery
3. Northern businessmen before the Civil War
(A) often profited from slavery
(B) always opposed slavery
(C) never lent money to the South
(D) often secretly held slaves
(E) thought the South was sure to win
4. Which statement is true of American slavery?
(A) Slaves were generally happy.
(B) Slaves staged several revolts.
(C) All blacks in the U.S. were slaves.
(D) Importation of new African slaves continued right up to the Civil War.
(E) The value of slavery declined until it ended.
5. Uncle Tom’s Cabin was
(A) the first stop on the Underground Railroad
(B) a play about a jolly frontiersman
(C) the most important novel of the 1800s
(D) a favorite song of the South
(E) the name of the first national maple syrup brand
6. Gold was discovered in California
(A) by early Spanish missionaries
(B) on unclaimed land days before California joined the U.S.
(C) after years of prospecting
(D) on land that belonged to the president
(E) on land that belonged to rich investors
7. The policy of popular sovereignty meant that
(A) whoever was most popular got to be president
(B) the people elected whomever they wanted
(C) new states could choose whether to be slave or free
(D) new states could decide their own capital cities
(E) people were responsible for their own budgets
8. The big Southern win in the Compromise of 1850 was
(A) Arizona’s slave-state status
(B) the railroad through Atlanta
(C) the Force Act
(D) the Fugitive Slave Act
(E) the Kansas-Nebraska Act
9. John Brown acted before the Civil War as a
(A) militant abolitionist
(B) Southern compromiser
(C) Northern factory leader
(D) Southern slaveholder
(E) Northern diplomat
10. In the Dred Scott case
(A) the North won a victory for freedom
(B) the South won a legal battle but stirred up Northern opposition
(C) the North won a legal battle but stirred up Southern opposition
(D) slavery became illegal
(E) John Brown saved Kansas
11. James Buchanan was
(A) the last president before the Civil War
(B) the leader of the abolitionists
(C) one of the founders of the Underground Railroad
(D) opposed to the Dred Scott decision
(E) a tough leader with lots of children
12. In his first election, Lincoln got
(A) 60 percent of the vote
(B) support from only two Southern states
(C) less than 40 percent of the vote
(D) respect even from those who opposed him
(E) the majority vote in a two-party election
13. The Monitor and the Merrimack were
(A) musicals that helped start the Civil War
(B) two trains that raced between the North and the South
(C) two early forms of television
(D) the ships in the first battle between ironclads
(E) the planes in the first battle between airplanes
14. Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation
(A) freed all the slaves
(B) was in planning before Lincoln’s election
(C) followed the Battle of Gettysburg
(D) showed the North was fighting against slavery
(E) was politically unpopular in Europe
15. The Battle of Gettysburg
(A) stopped the South in the Civil War
(B) saved George Washington in the Revolution
(C) began the American advance in the Mexican War
(D) stopped the British in the War of 1812
(E) was the only U.S. defeat in World War I
16. The U.S. Civil War saw
(A) over 600,000 men die
(B) slaves made free and economically equal
(C) cotton die out as a crop
(D) massive killing by angry slaves
(E) a completely white Northern army free the slaves
17. One leader in the 1880s said that his opponents were “laying the foundation for their colossal fortunes on the bodies and souls of living men.” He was probably a
(A) labor leader
(B) religious leader
(C) conservative Republican
(D) business leader
(E) inventor
18. The main goal of Reconstruction was
(A) building new governments and social help for the South
(B) obtaining war reparations to repay Northern losses
(C) rebuilding New Orleans following a hurricane
(D) curing economic ills following the Great Depression
(E) promoting home ownership through low-interest construction mortgages
19. The first states to give women the right to vote were predominately in the
(A) North
(B) South
(C) East
(D) Midwest
(E) West
20. The Ulysses S. Grant administration was marked by
(A) great economic progress by freed slaves
(B) opposition from war veterans
(C) landslide victories by the Republicans
(D) honest government by all parties
(E) corruption by Grant appointees but not Grant
21. The Republicans won the Hayes election of 1872 by agreeing to
(A) help the ex-slaves in the South
(B) keep the tariffs low
(C) expand the Homestead Act to the whole West
(D) withdraw federal troops from the South
(E) let the Democrats control the Senate
22. Frederick Douglass said, “Peace with the old master class has been war to the Negro. As one has risen, the other has fallen. The reaction has been sudden, marked, and violent.” He was talking about
(A) slavery before the Civil War
(B) federal troops right after the Civil War
(C) Sherman’s march to the sea during the Civil War
(D) the end of Reconstruction after the Civil War
(E) the Spanish-American War
23. Unions in the late 1800s almost all fought for this change in the workplace, which didn’t become standard until the 1900s.
(A) equal rights for women
(B) fair treatment of minorities
(C) one-hour lunch breaks
(D) the eight-hour workday
(E) equal pay for blacks
24. Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution was
(A) immediately opposed by all major Christian churches
(B) a challenge to everything most Americans believed
(C) opposed by the government
(D) endorsed by the old Confederacy
(E) accepted by most scientists and many religious leaders
25. Most settlers in the West
(A) got land for free from the government
(B) bought their land from private companies or states
(C) made plenty of money ranching
(D) opposed the introduction of barbed wire
(E) had enough water to grow almost anything
26. The national program that helped stop the bank panic during the Great Depression was the
(A) Civilian Conservation Corps
(B) Emergency Relief Administration
(C) Twenty-first Amendment
(D) Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
(E) Federal Housing Administration
27. The purpose of Jim Crow laws was to
(A) help blacks get ahead
(B) keep blacks in their place
(C) allow the South to expand industry
(D) force Crows opposed to the railroad to cooperate
(E) honor the memory of a great American
28. The Pendleton Act of 1883
(A) fought government corruption
(B) allowed hiring of more government employees
(C) regulated wool production
(D) ended big money involvement in politics
(E) helped farmers recover from the recession
29. The Populist Party
(A) supported Grover Cleveland
(B) elected only two presidents
(C) saw many of its proposals enacted eventually
(D) was against the eight-hour workday
(E) campaigned in only one election
30. The 30 years following the Civil War saw the U.S.
(A) suffering from the Great Recession
(B) going from destruction to being the manufacturing leader of the world
(C) banning most people from immigrating
(D) steadily helping blacks to prosper
(E) fighting constant wars
31. Booker T. Washington, George Washington Carver, and W.E.B. Du Bois were
(A) political leaders
(B) union leaders
(C) Civil War generals
(D) black leaders
(E) early recording artists
32. Which one of the following was an important leader in the women’s movement?
(A) Judith Ben-Hur
(B) Emily Dickinson
(C) Daisy Miller
(D) Susan B. Anthony
(E) Belle Starr
33. A leader said “the antelope have gone; the buffalo wallows are empty. . . .We are like birds with a broken wing.” He was probably
(A) an American Indian leader in 1700
(B) an American Indian leader in 1800
(C) a trapper in the 1820s
(D) a frontiersman in the 1850s
(E) an American Indian in the 1890s
34. When did historian Frederick Turner say that the American Western frontier was closed?
(A) in 1790
(B) in 1820
(C) by 1850
(D) after 1920
(E) around 1890
35. The Washington Post editorialized that “The taste of Empire is in the mouth of the people even as the taste of blood is in the jungle.” What period in American history was the Post describing?
(A) the U.S. after World War II
(B) the national mood during the Revolution
(C) the North after the Civil War
(D) the country before the Spanish American War
(E) American opinion during World War I
36. The U.S. got Hawaii because
(A) the Hawaiians didn’t want it
(B) sugar cane business interests grabbed the government
(C) Hawaiian Queen Liliuokalani loved America
(D) the British ceded it to the U.S. in return for Cuba
(E) the U.S. defeated Hawaii in the Pacific War
37. The expansion of the United States to overseas territories like Puerto Rico and the Philippines was
(A) supported by all Americans
(B) opposed by radicals in the labor unions
(C) supported by only a few conservatives
(D) opposed by leaders like Mark Twain, Andrew Carnegie, and the presidents of Harvard and Stanford
(E) so controversial that it led to a new government
38. Hippies, civil rights, Vietnam, and student demonstrations all became national movements in the
(A) Roaring ’20s
(B) 1950s
(C) 1960s
(D) 1970s
(E) 1980s
39. Teddy Roosevelt was
(A) the father of Franklin Roosevelt
(B) a champion of conservation and business reform
(C) a conservative Republican
(D) a liberal Democrat
(E) a hero of World War I
40. The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine meant that
(A) the U.S. would partner with any European intervention
(B) the U.S. would intervene to fix South American problems instead of letting European powers in
(C) the U.S. also protected Canada and Asia
(D) The American Navy patrol would no longer exist
(E) South American countries could do what they wanted
41. When women and working people didn’t win their crusades for rights in the 1880s, they
(A) mostly turned to violence
(B) gave up for a while in the face of opposition
(C) kept working so they would win someday
(D) made a deal with big business and sold out
(E) depended on politicians to get them some help
42. Early investigative reporters who publicized needed reforms were
(A) spy-tellers
(B) national enquirers
(C) scandalrakers
(D) muckrakers
(E) troublemongers
43. The only president ever to resign from office was
(A) Richard Nixon
(B) Lyndon Johnson
(C) Andrew Jackson
(D) James Monroe
(E) Jimmy Carter
44. Progressives who changed American politics in the early 1900s were
(A) radical reformers
(B) liberal Democrats
(C) labor union leaders
(D) middle class reformers
(E) Republican conservatives
45. The first president to set aside large areas of land for national parks was
(A) William Howard Taft
(B) Abraham Lincoln
(C) Franklin Roosevelt
(D) Teddy Roosevelt
(E) Ulysses S. Grant
46. In the 1800s, high tariffs were usually supported by
(A) Republican businessmen
(B) Democrats
(C) Labor unions
(D) British manufacturers
(E) Farmers and ranchers
47. The Federal Reserve Act
(A) created a national banking system without a national bank for the United States
(B) gave the U.S. one government owned bank to run everything with central control of loans
(C) reserved federal land for parks
(D) saved valuable oil for time of war
(E) reserved financial deposits to buy U.S. Bonds
48. President Wilson’s early policy toward World War I was to
(A) try to get the U.S. involved early to help Britain
(B) wait until Japan attacked the U.S. at Pearl Harbor
(C) sell supplies to the Allies but not to Germany
(D) help Germany until they caused a problem
(E) try to stay out of the fight
49. During World War I, the goal of open treaties, freedom of the seas, national selfdetermination, and an international peacekeeping organization were all part of
(A) Wilson’s 14 Points
(B) Britain’s Royal War Aims
(C) Germany’s Imperial Policy
(D) the Peace Proposals of France
(E) the Republican legislative program
50. Which of these gave women the right to vote all over the United States?
(A) the Nineteenth Amendment of 1920
(B) the Twentieth Amendment of 1910
(C) the Thirteenth Amendment of 1900
(D) the Women’s Suffrage Act of 1931
(E) the Equal Rights Act of 1940
51. Who most strongly supported the Treaty of Versailles?
(A) Germany
(B) Russia
(C) U.S. Republicans
(D) isolationists
(E) Woodrow Wilson
52. The movie The Birth of a Nation helped to popularize
(A) the Ku Klux Klan
(B) the Boy Scouts
(C) fair treatment of blacks
(D) immigration reform
(E) the American Revolution
53. America’s Roaring ’20s were a time of
(A) limited drinking
(B) liberal government
(C) fair treatment of immigrants
(D) conservative presidents
(E) prosperity for everybody
54. Who said that “the only thing we have to fear is fear itself — nameless, unreasoning, unjustified terror which paralyzes needed efforts to convert retreat into advance”?
(A) Teddy Roosevelt
(B) Woodrow Wilson
(C) Franklin Roosevelt
(D) Ronald Reagan
(E) John F. Kennedy
55. The Scopes Monkey Trial concerned
(A) the treatment of zoo animals
(B) jungle exploration rights
(C) the establishment of rights in hunting
(D) teaching evolution
(E) teaching radical politics
56. Republican President Hoover’s response to the Great Depression was
(A) a massive public relief program
(B) to increase the size of the Army in an attempt to create jobs
(C) to give money to businesses so that it would trickle down to the poor
(D) to lower tariffs to make more jobs
(E) to support veterans who marched on Washington
57. Franklin Roosevelt’s program of relief, recovery, and reform was
(A) the New Deal
(B) the New Society
(C) the Monroe Doctrine
(D) the War on Poverty
(E) America First
58. The Federal Housing Administration (FHA) started under President
(A) Lyndon Johnson
(B) Andrew Johnson
(C) Franklin Roosevelt
(D) Herbert Hoover
(E) George H.W. Bush
59. John Steinbeck’s most famous book was
(A) Gone With the Wind
(B) Little Women
(C) The Grapes of Wrath
(D) Uncle Tom’s Cabin
(E) Moby Dick
60. The New Deal program that guaranteed small pensions for the elderly and the handicapped was the
(A) Tennessee Valley Authority
(B) National Recovery Administration
(C) Emergency Relief Administration
(D) Public Works Administration
(E) Social Security Act
61. The Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) was a union dedicated to organizing
(A) Congress
(B) skilled workers
(C) industry office workers
(D) the part of an organization that had assembly line workers
(E) whole industries including unskilled workers
62. What was the purpose of the Lend-Lease Bill?
(A) to lend the leases on foreclosed houses to banks
(B) to help the Allies in World War I
(C) to make as much money as possible during war
(D) to get supplies to the Allies in World War II
(E) to ensure American neutrality
63. The Allies of the United States in World War II were
(A) Britain and Russia
(B) Britain and Japan
(C) Japan and Germany
(D) France and Italy
(E) Russia and Italy
64. The last war the U.S. Army fought in which white troops were segregated from black troops was
(A) World War I
(B) the Civil War
(C) World War II
(D) the Korean War
(E) the Spanish-American War
65. Up until 1944, almost all of the ground fighting against the Germans in Europe was done by the
(A) British
(B) Italians
(C) Americans
(D) Russians
(E) French
66. The form of government in shortest supply in the world before World War II was
(A) democracy
(B) dictatorship
(C) monarchy
(D) colonialism
(E) military control
67. The popular name for the legislation passed during World War II to help returning servicemen was the
(A) Adjustment Act
(B) Soldier’s Pension
(C) GI Bill
(D) Bonus March
(E) Victory Bond
68. The name that Russia and its associated countries went by during their Communist period was
(A) Mother Russia
(B) the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.)
(C) the People’s Republic of Soviet Eurasia
(D) Bolshevik Workers Republic
(E) Russian Confederation of States
69. The United Nations and the International Monetary Fund started at the end of
(A) the Korean War
(B) the War between the States
(C) World War I
(D) World War II
(E) the Cold War
70. The financial assistance that helped Europe recover after World War II was the
(A) Truman Doctrine
(B) Marshall Plan
(C) Lend-Lease Bill
(D) Ford Foundation
(E) Nuremberg Federation
71. The Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education helped
(A) fund women’s athletics
(B) provide college loans to poor people
(C) end segregation in education
(D) soldiers get a college education
(E) expand schools in the West
72. The United States fought Communist troops in
(A) Korea and Vietnam
(B) Vietnam and Japan
(C) Korea and Europe
(D) Vietnam and the Middle East
(E) the first Gulf War
73. The president who said he was against government but spent enough money to triple the national debt was
(A) John F. Kennedy
(B) Woodrow Wilson
(C) Ronald Reagan
(D) Bill Clinton
(E) Dwight Eisenhower
74. The president who tried to start the Great Society and sent hundreds of thousands of troops into Vietnam was
(A) Andrew Johnson
(B) Lyndon Johnson
(C) John F. Kennedy
(D) Jimmy Carter
(E) Dwight Eisenhower
75. “Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.” These words are from a speech by
(A) John F. Kennedy
(B) George W. Bush
(C) Bill Clinton
(D) Grover Cleveland
(E) Lyndon Johnson
76. A standoff between the Soviet Union and the United States in 1962 that could have led to nuclear war was
(A) the Panama Canal Showdown
(B) the Congo War
(C) the Berlin Airlift
(D) the Italian Bomber Crisis
(E) the Cuban Missile Crisis
77. What were the Southern Christian Leadership Conference and the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee?
(A) Great Awakening congregations
(B) peace movements in the 1970s
(C) teaching commissions for ministers
(D) civil rights organizations
(E) women’s rights organizations
78. Gerald Ford became president after
(A) Richard Nixon resigned over the Watergate scandal
(B) John F. Kennedy was shot
(C) William Van Burien died in office
(D) William Howard Taft chose him as vice president
(E) a hard-fought election with Jimmy Carter
79. The Supreme Court case of Engel v. Vitale said that
(A) abortion is legal in the U.S.
(B) officials can’t require prayers in school
(C) officers must read arrested suspects their rights
(D) Federal law supersedes state law
(E) women must be granted Title IX rights
80. The World Trade Organization has worked to
(A) lower tariffs
(B) promote products
(C) raise tariffs to protect developing nations
(D) trade the United Nations for another world organization
(E) restrict trade to healthy products
Section II: Free-Response Questions
In this section, you’ll take on the DBQ in Part A and then keep rolling through two regular essays in Parts B and C.
Part A: Document-Based Question
Planning Time: 15 minutes
Suggested Writing Time: 45 minutes
Percent of Section II score: 45
1. How did World War II change the lives of men and women in the United States? Discuss the role of social and economic trends as well as the changing nature of the U.S. political situation. Use the documents and your knowledge of the time period in writing your response.
Document A
Source: Jerome B. Cohen, Japan’s Economy in War and Reconstruction (1949) p 354
Real Value Consumer Spending
|
1937 |
1939 |
1940 |
1941 |
1942 |
1943 |
1944 |
1945 |
|
|
Japan |
100 |
107 |
109 |
111 |
108 |
99 |
93 |
78 |
|
Germany |
100 |
108 |
117 |
108 |
105 |
95 |
94 |
85 |
|
USA |
100 |
96 |
103 |
108 |
116 |
115 |
118 |
122 |
Document B
Source: Letter home from a U.S. soldier, 1945
I think I’m well qualified to report that the Yank, 1943 version, is doing a good job in upholding the traditions of his father and his grandfather and all who came before him. His few weaknesses are a source of pride rather than otherwise. He occasionally gets drunk, but that’s because he loves his home and family and is terrifically lonely for both. He’s slow to anger, but when he does get mad, he fights like hell. He’s quick to forgive — the picture of him giving his candy ration to Italian kids is not a publicity gag. Sometimes he gets cheated, but it’s because he has a deep faith in human nature. I think he’s the best there is.
We could have done very nicely without this war, but I do think it has given us a new sense of values which will go a long way in canceling any future wars.
Source: Letter from the front
First is the absolute futility of war. Seen at close range, it becomes so brutal and stupid that we have to rub our eyes to believe the world is capable of it.
A second impression is the fundamental similarity of the peoples of the United Nations. I’ve lived and worked with British, French, Australian, South African, New Zealand, Polish, and Belgian soldiers to name a few. I’m convinced that we all seek the same general sort of life.
We criticize one another for our little individual eccentricities; each of us thinks his is the best nation; but fundamentally we differ little. When this war is won, we must remember only the fundamentals and get together in a big way.
A third impression is that of America’s own capabilities. London, Algiers, Paris, Rome, Florence, Marseilles, and every other city and town in every liberated country teeming with American traffic. Huge depots of American supplies, throngs of American men everywhere. If we can put forth one half the effort for peace that we’ve extended in this war, because it was necessary, there should never be need for another war. We must realize that peace, now, is just as necessary as the war has been.
I’m now living in a half-wrecked miner’s house. There’s snow and there’s cold....
Document D
Source: War Bonds, U.S. Treasury Department, 1942
Source: Map of Japanese Internment Camps
Document F
Source: World War II Experiences of a Child
I wrote letters to servicemen on tissue-thin V-mail paper that folded into a self envelope. My friends and I saved tinfoil from packages and crimped it around growing balls of foil to turn in to help the war effort. Every week at school we purchased a ten-cent War Savings Stamp and glued it into our war stamp book until we had enough to purchase an $18 War Bond which matured years later for $25. Meat and gasoline were rationed and eggs were difficult to obtain. No matter how much money you had you could only purchase the amounts for which you had unused ration stamps. People walked, took public transportation, and car-pooled. During air raid drills at elementary school we sat on the floor in the halls and sang patriotic songs
Source: U.S. Office of War Information, 1943
Document H
Source: World War II News
Food worst problem; costs up, but pay up more
There may not be the abundance of food at home today that there was a year ago, but there is plenty to go around and although prices have risen wages have gone ahead of them. Machinery already is in motion, both governmental and private, to see that men get jobs as soon as they take off their uniforms.
People are eating differently, that’s all: less meat and more of other items. Restaurants have introduced meatless days; the Waldorf in New York, for instance, has three a week. Except for shoes — which are limited to three pairs a year for each person — clothes rationing is not in sight. Candy is still plentiful, and the guy with a thirst still can slake it with all the beer he wants.
Whatever complaints are heard are directed mostly at the lack of gasoline. With one car to every four and a half people, Americans had all but forgotten how to walk. Now they’re obliged to learn all over again. The Government is strict about the ban on pleasure driving. Agents check the race tracks and baseball stadiums for cars, and even the vicinity of movie houses. The only large-scale chiseling evident has been the black market in food, which the Government is taking drastic steps to wipe out.
Document I
Source: GI Bill Statistics
To be eligible for GI Bill education benefits, a World War II veteran had to serve 90 days or more after September 16, 1940.
In the peak year of 1947, veterans accounted for 49 percent of college enrollment. Mortgages for GI’s could cover all costs. Out of a veteran population of 15,440,000, some 7.8 million were trained, including:
● 2,230,000 in college (1/3 of all returning veterans entered college)
● 3,480,000 in other schools
● 1,400,000 in on-job training
● 690,000 in farm training
● College enrollment in millions: 1939 = 1.5, 1949 = 2.6, 1969 = 8.0, 1989 = 13.5, 2005 = 18.5 million
● Number of Americans who owned their own homes: pre-War = 1 in 3, post-War = 2 in 3.
Part B and Part C
Total Planning and Writing Time: 70 minutes Percent of Section II score: 55
Part B
Choose ONE question from this part.
2. In what manner did the political climate of the U.S. change from the 1890s to the 1910s? Discuss these changes with regard to TWO of the following:
Public opinion Business Environment International policy
3. Explain the participation of the United States in World War I and its consequences. In your explanation, include TWO of the following topics:
Military outcomes Impact on the United States Impact on other countries International trade
Part C
Choose ONE question from this part.
4. Outline the causes and effects of the Great Depression in TWO of the following periods
1924-1929
1930-1934
1935-1939
1940-1945
5. Conservative presidents sometimes take progressive steps. Discuss the contributions of TWO of the following presidents to the modern United States:
Dwight D. Eisenhower (1952-1960) Richard M. Nixon (1969-1974)
Ronald Reagan (1980-1988)
George H. W. Bush (1988-1992)