Appendix A: Glossary

acid

Something that is sour.

amplifier

Something that amplifies, or increases, current, voltage, or power.

atmosphere

A layer of air surrounding the planet.

attract

To pull toward oneself, like two magnets with opposite poles facing each other.

buoyancy

An upward force exerted on an object that is equal to the weight of the water displaced by the object.

carbon dioxide (CO2)

A colorless, odorless gas that is found in carbonated sodas.

carnivore

An animal that eats other animals.

charge

A specific amount of electricity.

chemical change

A chemical process by which a new substance is created.

classification

The careful arrangement of information into categories.

climate

The average pattern of weather in a certain area.

colorblindness

The inability to see one or more colors.

community

A group that interacts and lives in a common area.

condensation

The process by which water changes from a gas to a liquid.

coniferous

Evergreen trees and shrubs that have needles instead of leaves.

consumer

An organism that consumes, or eats, another organism in a food chain.

dactyloscopy

Fingerprint identification.

deciduous

Trees that shed their leaves in fall and grow new ones in spring.

echo

The repetition of a sound caused by sound waves bouncing off of an object.

echolocation

Using echoes (bouncing sound waves) to determine the location of something. Bats and dolphins rely on echolocation to navigate.

ecosystem

A community of living things.

elastic

Able to be stretched and then returned to its original shape.

evaporation

The process by which liquid changes into a vapor.

frost

The layer of tiny ice crystals on a cold surface.

gait

How an animal moves.

gas

Something that has no shape or volume, like water vapor or carbon dioxide.

gravity

The force that holds objects close to the Earth's surface. On the Moon, there is no gravity, and objects just float around in space.

greenhouse

A glass-enclosed building used to grow plants.

group

A collection that shares similarities, as in a kind of classification.

habitat

The place where a plant or an animal usually lives and gets what it needs to live.

herbivore

An animal that eats only plants.

iceberg

A large, floating chunk of freshwater ice that broke off of a larger glacier.

kingdom

One of the three main divisions in biological classification.

landfill

A way of taking care of a large amount of waste by burying it in the ground.

light

Waves produced by the sun that enable us to see.

limestone

Rock formed mostly by remains of sea shells and consisting of calcium carbonate.

magnet

A mass of iron or steel or some mixture of both that can attract iron and that produces a magnetic field.

meteorologist

Someone who studies the weather.

palindrome

A word that reads the same forward and backward.

pole

One end of a magnet, either north or south.

producer

The member of the food chain that produces energy for the other members of the food chain.

protein

An essential part of the food we eat that helps our bodies grow healthy and strong.

rainbow

An arc that shows off the colors present in sunlight as it passes through water drops.

reflection

When light waves bounce back from a surface.

refraction

When light bends because it passes through a substance such as glass or water.

repel

To push away from oneself, such as two magnets with the same poles facing each other.

reproduce

To make more of something, such as plants or animals.

seed

A grain or fruit that enables a plant to reproduce itself.

sound

Vibrations transmitted through air or another medium that we can hear.

static electricity

Electricity caused by rubbing two objects together.

surface tension

The force that holds water molecules together and allows water to have a kind of skin.

transpiration

The process by which moisture is released from a plant in the form of water vapor.

vibrate

To move back and forth, or to and fro, rhythmically and rapidly.

volume

The measurement of the space taken up by an object.

water vapor

Water in the form of a gas, present in the atmosphere.

weight

The measurement of how heavy something is.

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