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1. A polymer is a large macromolecule (term for large molecule) that is composed of repeating subunits called monomers.
2. The creation of a peptide bond between two amino acids (via a dehydration reaction):
3. a – 3; b – 5; c – 1; d – 6; e – 4; f – 7; g – 2
4. DNA is double stranded; RNA is single stranded.
DNA contains the sugar deoxyribose; RNA has ribose.
DNA has the base thymine; RNA has uracil.
DNA remains in the nucleus; RNA travels out to the cytoplasm.
5. First of all, to ensure the width of DNA remains constant, a pyrimidine (single-ringed base) must always pair with a purine (double-ringed base). Furthermore, both adenine and thymine like to form two hydrogen bonds, whereas guanine and cytosine like to form three hydrogen bonds.
6. a – 2; b – 5; c – 6; d – 3; e – 1; f – 4; g – 7
7. If a protein had a stretch of hydrophilic amino acids, you would expect them to face toward water.
8. When you digest starch, hydrolysis enzymes work at breaking up the starch polymer.
9. Primary structure is the sequence of individual amino acids in a protein. The statement describing that one subunit is composed of 141 amino acids and the other subunit is composed of 146 amino acids is describing the primary structure.
Secondary structure is a regular folding pattern (alpha helix or a beta-pleated sheet) created by hydrogen bonding between the amino acids. It was not mentioned in this description.
Tertiary structure is the 3D shape a protein makes when it starts to fold up into a particular pattern, based on the R groups of the individual amino acids. There is no direct mention of what each individual protein looks like when it’s folded up.
Quaternary structure is achieved when there are two or more separate proteins involved in the final overall structure. Hemoglobin has four total protein subunits; this is referring to its quaternary structure.
10. c. The monomer of protein is an amino acid. The other answers are wrong because ribose is the sugar in an RNA nucleotide, cellulose is a structural polymer, and the hydrocarbon chains compose the hydrophobic portion of a phospholipid.