Chapter 1
1. Lucero, “Old Towns Challenged by the Boom Town,” 39.
2. Dominguez, The Missions of New Mexico, 1776, 151.
3. Hughes, Doniphan’s Expedition, 111.
4. Magoffin, Down the Santa Fe Trail and into Mexico, 152.
5. Boyle, Los Capitalistas, 94–96.
6. Gregg, Commerce of the Prairies, 1:114.
7. Oliva, Fort Union and the Frontier Army in the Southwest, 30.
8. Frazer, Forts and Supplies, 1–2.
9. Oliva, Fort Union and the Frontier Army in the Southwest, 31, 67, 104.
10. Davis, El Gringo, 195.
11. Whipple, “Extracts from the [Preliminary] Report of Explorations for a Railway Route,” III:14.
12. US Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, “Population of Civil Divisions Less than Counties,” Ninth Census, 1870, 1:204.
13. Borneman, Iron Horses, 10–11.
14. Ibid., 37–41.
15. Reigel, The Story of the Western Railroads, 82.
16. Burns, “1870s Railroads, Heading West.”
17. Borneman, Iron Horses, 63–74.
18. Twitchell, Leading Facts of New Mexican History, 2:417.
19. Borneman, Iron Horses, 132–33.
20. US Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, “Population of Civil Divisions Less than Counties,” Tenth Census, 1880, 1:263.
21. Westphall, “Albuquerque in the 1870s,” 258.
22. Twitchell, The Leading Facts of New Mexican History, 2:425–26.
23. Bradley, The Story of the Santa Fe, 208.
24. Westphall, “Albuquerque in the 1870s,” 262, 264.
25. Ibid., 256.
26. Bryan, Albuquerque Remembered, 105; Billington, New Mexico’s Buffalo Soldiers, 118.
27. Quoted in Westphall, “Albuquerque in the 1870s,” 266.
28. Price, Albuquerque, 12.
Chapter 2
1. Gregg, Commerce of the Prairies, 1:307.
2. Bandelier, The Southwestern Journals of Adolph F. Bandelier, 1:69–71.
3. “Steam Locomotive Explosions, 1904,” 65.
4. Buell, Basic Steam Locomotive Maintenance, 81–85.
5. Wilson, “The Historic Railroad Buildings of Albuquerque.”
6. Borneman, Iron Horses, 137.
7. Ibid.
8. Ibid., 137–38.
9. US Geological Survey, Mineral and Water Resources of New Mexico, 105–12.
10. Ibid., 415, 418.
Chapter 3
1. Westphall, “Albuquerque in the 1870s,” 259.
2. Ibid., 261.
3. Ibid., 264.
4. Ibid., 262–63.
5. Bernalillo County, New Mexico, “Huning and Wife to Atlantic & Pacific RR Co.,” 25–26.
6. Lucero, “Old Towns Challenged by the Boom Town,” 51–52.
7. Westphall, “Albuquerque in the 1870s,” 263.
8. Bernalillo County, New Mexico, “Huning to Stover and Hazeldine,” 335–38.
9. Bernalillo County, New Mexico, “Phelan and Wife and Huning and Wife to Charles Buford,” 274; Bernalillo County, New Mexico, “Huning and Wife to Ferdinand Girard,” 183–84.
10. “Inflation Calculator,” accessed December 2017, http://www.in2013dollars.com/1880-dollars-in-2015?amount=1.
11. Roberts, comp., Albuquerque City Directory and Business Guide for 1896, 133.
12. Bryan, Albuquerque Remembered, 106–8.
13. Dodge, “Historic and Architectural Resources,” Sec. E:7–8.
14. Ibid., Sec. E:10.
15. “Railway Construction,” 634.
16. Twitchell, Leading Facts of New Mexican History, 2:426.
17. Railway Age 8(4) (January 25, 1883): 53.
18. Railway Age 8(11) (March 15, 1883): 144.
19. Railway Age 8(28) (July 12, 1883): 407.
20. Bryan, Albuquerque Remembered, 107–8, 110.
21. Ibid., 118.
22. Baxter, “Along the Rio Grande,” 695.
23. “Santa Fe Completes Modern Shops at Albuquerque,” 237; Wilson, “The Historic Railroad Buildings of Albuquerque, An Assessment of Significance, 1986,” TMs, p. 1.
24. Crump, Walz, Priest, and Priest, Santa Fe Locomotive Facilities, 2:55.
25. Browne, “Notes on Franz Huning,” 123.
26. Samitaur Constructs and City of Albuquerque, “Albuquerque Rail Yards Master Development Plan,” 8.
27. Ducker, Men of the Steel Rails, 27.
28. Simmons, “Trail Dust.”
29. Wolberg, “The History of the Streetcar System in Albuquerque, New Mexico,” 3.
30. Ibid., 12.
31. Dodge et al., “Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway Locomotive Shops,” Sec. 8:11.
32. KRQE TV News 13, “Historic Albuquerque Trolley Tracks Arrive at Local Museum,” May 3, 2017.
33. Roland Johnson, former governor of Laguna Pueblo, interview by Richard and Shirley Flint.
34. Peters, “Watering the Flower,” 36.
35. Furze, “The Influence of the Albuquerque Streetcar on the Built Environment,” 16.
36. Bryan, Albuquerque Remembered, 119.
37. Twitchell, Leading Facts of New Mexican History, 2:502, n421.
38. US Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, “Abstract,” 143.
39. Twitchell, Leading Facts of New Mexican History, 2:515, n434.
40. La Farge, Santa Fe, 131.
41. Read, An Illustrated History of New Mexico, 562–63.
42. US Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, “Abstract,” 25, 332, 337.
43. “Railway Record,” 24.
Chapter 4
1. Keleher, Memoirs, 23–25.
2. Read, An Illustrated History of New Mexico, 526.
3. Bryan, Albuquerque Remembered, 108.
4. Frost, The Railroad and the Pueblo Indians, 59.
5. Ibid., 66–67.
6. US Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, “Abstract,” 32, 55.
7. Albuquerque Weekly Journal, December 1, 1882, 3, 4.
8. Twitchell, Leading Facts of New Mexican History, 2:491–92.
9. Dodge et al., “Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway Locomotive Shops,” Sec. 8:4–5.
10. Ibid., Sec. 8:3, 11.
11. Ibid., Sec. 8:9.
Chapter 5
1. Dodge et al., “Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway Locomotive Shops,” Sec. 7:6–7.
2. Ibid., 7:7.
3. Ibid.
4. Buell, Basic Steam Locomotive Maintenance, 145.
5. Dodge et al., “Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway Locomotive Shops,” Sec. 7:7.
6. Bryant Jr., History of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway, 147.
7. Davis, Power at Odds, 14.
8. Wright, 1944 Locomotive Cyclopedia of American Practice, Sec. 20:1, 111–16.
9. Davis, Power at Odds, 14.
10. Churella, From Steam to Diesel, 10.
11. Davis, Power at Odds, 14.
12. Eloy Gutiérrez, interview by Richard and Shirley Flint.
13. James, Enginemen’s Manual, 414, 415.
14. Buell, Basic Steam Locomotive Maintenance, 136; Trains Discussion Forum, July 30, 2011, “Steam Loco Wheel Size,” accessed May 6, 2019, https://forums.auran.com/trainz/showthread.php?76884-Steam-Loco-Wheel-Size.
15. James, Enginemen’s Manual, 414, 415.
16. London, Midland & Scottish (LMS) Railway Shops in Britain, “Locomotive Overhaul,” accessed May 6, 2019, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7ScBfNGOSiU.
17. Wright, 1944 Locomotive Cyclopedia of American Practice, Sec. 20: 1,108–16.
18. Davis, Power at Odds, 15.
19. “Steam Locomotive Explosions, 1904,” 63.
20. Churella, From Steam to Diesel, 11.
21. Ducker, Men of the Steel Rails, 7.
22. Mike and Leonor Baca, interview by Richard and Shirley Flint.
23. Eloy Gutiérrez, interview by Richard and Shirley Flint.
24. Ducker, Men of the Steel Rails, 7.
25. “Among Us,” September 1911, 92.
26. “Among Ourselves” (a): 75.
27. “Among Ourselves” (e).
28. Ducker, Men of the Steel Rails, 45.
29. Ibid., 43–44.
Chapter 6
1. Churella, From Steam to Diesel, 10.
2. Brasher, Santa Fe Locomotive Development, Kindle edition image 532.
3. Shipman, “AT&SF Railway, Car Department Apprentice System,” 32.
4. “Profitable and Unprofitable Machines,” 292.
5. Davids, “Apprenticeship and Guild Control in the Netherlands,” 69.
6. Shipman, “AT&SF Railway, Car Department Apprentice System,” 32.
7. Ibid., 31.
8. Ibid., 32.
9. Mike and Leonor Baca, interview by Richard and Shirley Flint; Eloy Gutiérrez, interview by Richard and Shirley Flint; Olivia Cordova Loomis, interview by Richard and Shirley Flint.
10. Shipman, “AT&SF Railway, Car Department Apprentice System,” 32.
11. Eloy Gutiérrez, interview by Richard and Shirley Flint.
12. Davis, Power at Odds, 22–23.
13. Eloy Gutiérrez, interview by Richard and Shirley Flint.
14. Dodge et al., “Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway Locomotive Shops,” Sec. 9:46.
15. Hudspeth’s Albuquerque, Bernalillo County, New Mexico, City Directory, 1950, passim; also, see especially chapter 10 of this book, “The Railroad Shopmen’s Strikes of 1893 and 1922.”
16. Roberts, Albuquerque City Directory and Business Guide for 1896, passim.
17. Mike and Leonor Baca, interview by Richard and Shirley Flint.
18. Olivia Cordova Loomis, interview by Richard and Shirley Flint.
Chapter 7
1. Westphall, “Albuquerque in the 1870s,” 265.
2. Ducker, Men of the Steel Rails, 27.
3. Ibid., 25–26, 51.
4. Roberts, Albuquerque City Directory and Business Guide for 1896, passim.
5. DeMark, “Occupational Mobility and Persistence Within Albuquerque Ethnic Groups, 1880–1910,” 390–91.
6. Ibid., 398.
7. Ducker, Men of the Steel Rails, 42–43.
8. While these numbers do not account for all the machinists at the Shops, they do represent a very large sample. It must be noted that throughout this book we employ Spanish surnames as a proxy for Hispanic cultural identity. We recognize that within the group of Spanish-surnamed individuals there were always some Pueblo people who also had Spanish surnames. When looking at Shop employees, though, it is clear that almost always Spanish surnames were associated with Hispanos. There were also Pueblo Shop employees with non-Spanish surnames, exemplified by such men as Louis Johnson, a wheel machinist from Laguna Pueblo, and Lorenzo Jojola, a machinist from Isleta Pueblo, and several other Jojolas from Isleta.
9. Roberts, Albuquerque City Directory and Business Guide for 1896, passim; Jens Manuel Krogstad and Mark Hugo López, “For Three States, Share of Hispanic Population Returns to the Past.”
10. Ducker, Men of the Steel Rails, 28.
11. Judge Joseph Baca, interview by Richard and Shirley Flint; Mike and Leonor Baca, interview by Richard and Shirley Flint.
12. Keleher, Memoirs, 11–24; William B. Keleher, interview by Richard and Shirley Flint.
13. Ducker, Men of the Steel Rails, 33.
14. Ibid., 49.
15. Ibid., 78.
16. Ibid., 51.
17. Ibid., 45.
18. “Rules and Regulations,” 70.
19. Ducker, Men of the Steel Rails, 45, 47.
20. Busser, “A Great Moral, Social and Intellectual Movement on the Santa Fe System,” 29–32.
21. Ducker, Men of the Steel Rails, 53.
22. Ibid., 38–39.
23. Ibid., 10.
24. Frost, The Railroad and the Pueblo Indians, 130.
25. AT&SF Railway, First Annual Report, 4.
26. Hoffmann, “The Depression of the Nineties,” 139, 141, 142.
Chapter 8
1. “Santa Fe Completes Modern Shops at Albuquerque,” 239.
2. Eloy Gutiérrez, interview by Richard and Shirley Flint.
3. Olivia Cordova Loomis, interview by Richard and Shirley Flint.
4. Roberts, Albuquerque City Directory and Business Guide for 1896, passim; Worley’s Directory, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 1909–10, passim; Hudspeth’s Albuquerque, Bernalillo County, New Mexico, City Directory, 1950, passim; Hudspeth’s Albuquerque City Directory, 1919, passim; Hudspeth’s Albuquerque City Directory, 1925, passim.
5. Judge Joseph Baca, interview by Richard and Shirley Flint.
6. Patrick Trujillo, interview by Richard and Shirley Flint.
7. Mary Jeannette Swillum Koerschner, phone interview by Richard Flint.
8. Mike and Leonor Baca, interview by Richard and Shirley Flint.
9. Eloy Gutiérrez, interview by Richard and Shirley Flint.
10. Mike and Leonor Baca, interview by Richard and Shirley Flint.
11. Judge Joseph Baca, interview by Richard and Shirley Flint.
12. Joel Tito Ramírez and Carmen Ramírez, recorded interview for the Barelas Oral History Project.
13. Michael Keleher, interview by Richard and Shirley Flint.
14. Judge Joseph Baca, interview by Richard and Shirley Flint.
15. US Congress, An Act to Establish an Eight-Hour Day for Employees of Carriers Engaged in Interstate and Foreign Commerce, chapter 436, 721–22; Davis, Power at Odds, 37–39.
16. Mike and Leonor Baca, interview by Richard and Shirley Flint.
17. Olivia Cordova Loomis, interview by Richard and Shirley Flint.
18. Ibid.
19. Ducker, Men of the Steel Rails, 64.
20. Patrick Trujillo, interview by Richard and Shirley Flint.
21. Judge Joseph Baca, interview by Richard and Shirley Flint.
22. Eloy Gutiérrez, interview by Richard and Shirley Flint.
23. Busser, “A Great Moral, Social and Intellectual Movement on the Santa Fe System,” 29.
24. Ducker, Men of the Steel Rails, 50.
25. Mary Jeannette Swillum Koerschner, phone interview by Richard Flint.
26. Olivia Cordova Loomis, interview by Richard and Shirley Flint.
27. Sandra Johnson, interview by Richard and Shirley Flint.
28. Mary Jeannette Swillum Koerschner, phone interview by Richard Flint.
29. Mike and Leonor Baca, interview by Richard and Shirley Flint.
30. Tom Turrietta, phone interview by Richard Flint.
Chapter 9
1. Frost, The Railroad and the Pueblo Indians, 128.
2. AT&SF Railway, Twentieth Annual Report, 13, 21.
3. AT&SF Railway, Tenth Annual Report, 28; AT&SF Railway, Twentieth Annual Report, 31.
4. AT&SF Railway, Nineteenth Annual Report, 21.
5. Ibid.
6. AT&SF Railway, Tenth Annual Report, 38; AT&SF Railway, Twentieth Annual Report, 41.
7. Albuquerque Morning Journal. “Railroads and Shops,” Thursday, October 15, 1903, 13.
8. “Illinois Railway Museum Roster: Saint Louis-San Francisco Railroad 1630,” accessed May 27, 2019, http://irm.org/cgi-bin/rsearch?steam=St.+Louis-San+Francisco+Railroad=1630.
9. Crump, Priest, and Priest, Santa Fe Locomotive Facilities, 1:48, 49.
10. Crump, Walz, Priest, and Priest, Santa Fe Locomotive Facilities, 2:55, 56.
11. Hudspeth’s Albuquerque City Directory, 1919, passim.
12. Mary Jeannette Swillum Koerschner, phone interview by Richard Flint.
13. Patrick Trujillo, interview by Richard and Shirley Flint.
14. US Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, “Statistics for New Mexico,” 568 and 643; US Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. Fourteenth Census, 1920, 9:959 and 968.
15. Hudspeth’s Albuquerque City Directory, 1919, passim.
16. Dodge et al., “Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway Locomotive Shops,” Sec. 8:4–5.
17. Ibid., Sec. 8:5, 14, 15.
18. Wilson, “The Historic Railroad Buildings of Albuquerque, An Assessment of Significance, 1986,” TMs, p. 1, image 5.
19. Bryan, Albuquerque Remembered, 172.
20. Fergusson, Albuquerque, 20.
21. Hudspeth’s Albuquerque City Directory, 1919, passim.
22. Albuquerque Morning Journal. “Railroads and Shops,” Thursday, October 15, 1903, 13.
23. AT&SF Railway, Tenth Annual Report, 18.
Chapter 10
1. Ducker, Men of the Steel Rails, xi.
2. Kern, “A Century of Labor in New Mexico,” passim; AT&SF Railway, Nineteenth Annual Report, 21.
3. Ducker, Men of the Steel Rails, 109.
4. Las Vegas [NM] Daily Optic, vol. 14, April 12–25, 1893; Albuquerque Democrat, vol. 13, April 18, 1893.
5. Ducker, Men of the Steel Rails, 142.
6. Hoffmann, “The Depression of the Nineties,” 138.
7. Frost, The Railroad and the Pueblo Indians, 134.
8. AT&SF Railway, First Annual Report, 4, 24, 35.
9. AT&SF Railway, Twenty-Sixth Annual Report, 42.
10. US Congress, An Act to Establish an Eight-Hour Day for Employees of Carriers, chapter 436, 721–22; Davis, Power at Odds, 37–39.
11. Davis, Power at Odds, 36.
12. Ibid., 39.
13. Proceedings of the Convention, Railway Employees’ Department, 1918, 37.
14. US Congress, An Act to Provide for the Termination of Federal Control of Railroads and Systems of Transportation, chapter 91, 456–99.
15. Davis, Power at Odds, 52.
16. Ibid., 54.
17. Ibid., 57–60.
18. Ibid., 65; Albuquerque Morning Journal, Sunday, July 2, 1922.
19. Davis, “Bitter Conflict,” 438.
20. Dodge et al., “Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway Locomotive Shops,” Sec. 9:44.
21. Albuquerque Morning Journal, “Worker’s Auto in Collision; ‘Scab’ Yelled,” Saturday, July 8, 1922, 3.
22. Frank Archibeque, recorded interview by Frank Saiz for the Barelas Oral History Project.
23. Albuquerque Morning Journal, “Guardsmen Are Held Ready to Quell Trouble Due to Strike,” Saturday, July 8, 1922, 3.
24. Albuquerque Morning Journal, “Machinist Is Attacked,” Saturday, July 8, 1922, 3.
25. Jennie Bargas-García, recorded interview by Frank Saiz for the Barelas Oral History Project.
26. Ducker, Men of the Steel Rails, 140.
27. Albuquerque Morning Journal, “Railway Ready for a Lengthy Strike; Builds Homes for Men,” Saturday, July 15, 1922, 1.
28. Albuquerque Morning Journal, “Santa Fe Road Is Working 57% of Its Normal Force in Shops,” Sunday, July 30, 1922, 1.
29. Albuquerque Morning Journal, “Men Wanted . . . Machinists, Boilermakers, Sheet Metal Workers, Electricians, Car Men and Helpers,” Sunday, July 23, 1922, 10.
30. Albuquerque Morning Journal, “Freight Moving in New Mexico in Big Volume,” Sunday, July 23, 1922, 3.
31. Albuquerque Morning Journal, “Work Is Begun on Boiler Shop for AT&SF,” Sunday, September 24, 1922, 5.
32. Davis, Power at Odds, 159.
33. Ibid., 152.
34. Albuquerque Morning Journal, “C. B. & Q. Line Signs Contract with Employes [sic],” Saturday, September 16, 1922, 1.
35. Davis, “Bitter Conflict,” 453.
36. Albuquerque Morning Journal, “Nationwide Injunction Against Rail Strikers Is Issued by U.S. Court,” Saturday, September 24, 1922, 1.
37. Davis, Power at Odds, 87.
38. Ibid., 159.
39. Albuquerque Morning Journal, “Men Gradually Going Back To Work at Shops,” Tuesday, August 27, 1921, 1.
40. Davis, Power at Odds, 157.
41. Carmen Aragón-Moya, recorded interview by Frank Saiz for the Barelas Oral History Project.
42. Frank Archibeque, recorded interview by Frank Saiz for the Barelas Oral History Project; Frank Archibeque and Rufina Salazar-Montaño, recorded interview by Frank Saiz for the Barelas Oral History Project.
43. Hudspeth’s Albuquerque City Directory, 1925, passim.
44. Frank Archibeque and Rufina Salazar-Montaño, recorded interview by Frank Saiz for the Barelas Oral History Project.
Chapter 11
1. Brasher, Santa Fe Locomotive Development, Kindle edition images 158, 221, 274.
2. Davis, Power at Odds, 12.
3. AT&SF Railway, First Annual Report; Tenth Annual Report; Twentieth Annual Report.
4. “Santa Fe Completes Modern Shops at Albuquerque,” 237.
5. Wachter, “New Storehouse at Albuquerque,” 55–58.
6. Dodge et al., “Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway Locomotive Shops,” Sec. 7:22.
7. Wachter, “New Storehouse at Albuquerque,” 55–58.
8. “Among Ourselves” (b): 76.
9. “Construction Notes” (a–e).
10. “Santa Fe Completes Modern Shops at Albuquerque,” 237; Dodge et al., “Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway Locomotive Shops,” Sec. 7:19.
11. “Shop and Terminal Construction in 1922,” 80.
12. Albuquerque Morning Journal, “Work Has Begun on Building of Santa Fe Shops,” Tuesday, November 2, 1920, 4.
13. Wilson, “The Historic Railroad Buildings of Albuquerque, An Assessment of Significance, 1986,” TMs, p. 1.
14. See, especially, extracts from Emerson’s work in “Standardization and Labor Efficiency in Railroad Shops,” 783–86.
15. “Santa Fe Completes Modern Shops at Albuquerque,” 240.
16. Albuquerque Morning Journal, “Men Gradually Going Back to Work at Shops,” Tuesday, August 27, 1921, 1.
17. “Santa Fe Completes Modern Shops at Albuquerque,” 238–39.
18. Ibid., 238–40.
19. Dodge et al., “Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway Locomotive Shops,” Sec. 7:11.
20. Albuquerque Morning Journal, “Santa Fe Will Spend $500,000 on Boiler Shop,” Tuesday, May 23, 1922, 3.
21. Albuquerque Morning Journal, “Boiler Shop Is Under Way for Santa Fe Here,” Wednesday, September 20, 1922, 1.
22. Ibid.
23. Dodge et al., “Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway Locomotive Shops,” Sec. 7: 15, Sec. 9:42.
24. Hudspeth’s Albuquerque City Directory, 1919, 52.
25. Crump, Priest, and Priest, Santa Fe Locomotive Facilities, 1:49, 70, 71.
26. Albuquerque Morning Journal, “Thos. La Rue, Aged 42, Slashes Throat with a Razor; Dies Instantly,” Wednesday, December 27, 1922, 1.
Chapter 12
1. “Improved Shop Operation at Albuquerque, N.M.,” 333–34.
2. Whiter, “Co-operation through Employee Representation,” 798.
3. Olivia Cordova Loomis, interview by Richard and Shirley Flint.
4. Stepek, “How America’s roaring ’20s paved the way for the Great Depression.”
5. Dodge et al., “Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway Locomotive Shops,” Sec. 8:15.
6. Ibid., Sec. 8:16.
7. Wolberg, “The History of the Streetcar System in Albuquerque, New Mexico,” 12.
8. Albuquerque Journal, Ad for Bus Schedule, January 1, 1929, 7; October 6, 1929, 5; February 2, 1931, 5; December 6, 1931, 6.
9. Dodge et al., “Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway Locomotive Shops,” Sec. 8:20–21.
10. Ibid., Sec. 8:21.
11. Mary Jeannette Swillum Koerschner, phone interview by Richard Flint.
12. Dodge et al., “Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway Locomotive Shops,” Sec. 8:18–19.
13. Ibid.
14. “Among Ourselves” (c) (d).
15. “Among Ourselves” (c).
16. Michael Keleher, interview by Richard and Shirley Flint.
17. Dodge et al., “Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway Locomotive Shops,” Sec. 8:23–24.
18. US Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, “Value of Output of Finished Commodities and Construction Materials,” 2:699–702; US Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, “Railroad Mileage, Equipment, and Passenger Traffic and Revenue: 1890–1970,” 729.
19. US Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Great Depression Facts.
20. “Santa Fe Railroad Shops Are Big Factor in City’s Business,” n.p.
21. US Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, “Value of Output of Finished Commodities and Construction Materials,” 2:699–702.
22. Waters, Steel Trails to Santa Fe, 420.
23. Marshall, Santa Fe: The Railroad that Built an Empire, 302–7.
24. Waters, Steel Trails to Santa Fe, 422–23, 427.
25. Ibid., 430.
26. Dodge et al., “Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway Locomotive Shops,” Sec. 9:47.
27. Ibid., Sec. 9:48.
28. Eloy Gutiérrez, interview by Richard and Shirley Flint.
29. Dodge et al., “Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway Locomotive Shops,” Sec. 9:48.
30. “Growth of Albuquerque is Paralleled by Santa Fe Ry.,” n.p.
31. Mike and Leonor Baca, interview by Richard and Shirley Flint.
32. Dodge et al., “Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway Locomotive Shops,” Sec. 8:25.
33. Sandra Johnson, interview by Richard and Shirley Flint.
34. “Santa Fe Railroad Shops Are Big Factor in City’s Business,” n.p.
Chapter 13
1. AT&SF Railway, Annual Reports of the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway Company, item no. 218470.
2. Morrison, The American Steam Locomotive in the Twentieth Century, 450.
3. Stagner, “Thirty Years of 4–8–4s,” 36.
4. Brasher, Santa Fe Locomotive Development, Kindle edition image 532.
5. Ibid., image 864.
6. Borneman, Iron Horses, 341.
7. Brasher, Santa Fe Locomotive Development, Kindle edition image 1260.
8. Churella, From Steam to Diesel, 13–14, 16–17, 22.
9. Hudspeth’s Albuquerque, Bernalillo County, New Mexico, City Directory, 1950, passim.
10. Albuquerque Journal, “Change to Diesels Lays Off 22 Here,” January 8, 1954, 1.
11. Albuquerque Journal, “Study May Result in Alvarado Hotel Being Enlarged,” February 21, 1954, 1.
12. Albuquerque Journal, “End of the Steam Dynasty on the Santa Fe Is in Sight,” February 28, 1954, 26.
13. Albuquerque Journal, “Rail Shops Here Slash Force by 70,” March 4, 1954, 13.
14. Brasher, Santa Fe Locomotive Development, Kindle edition image 788.
15. Albuquerque Journal, “Santa Fe Shop Schedules Fund Meet Thursday,” October 29, 1957, 17.
16. Albuquerque Journal, “Santa Fe Shops to Stay Here,” January 24, 1958, 29.
17. Olivia Cordova Loomis, interview by Richard and Shirley Flint.
18. Patrick Trujillo, interview by Richard and Shirley Flint.
19. Waters, Steel Trails to Santa Fe, 435.
20. “A Simple Solution to the Motive Power Problem,” 43–44.
21. Albuquerque Journal, “End of the Steam Dynasty on the Santa Fe Is in Sight,” February 28, 1954, 26.
22. Albuquerque Journal, “Steam Locomotives Readied for Action,” May 18, 1955, 1.
23. Dodge et al., “Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway Locomotive Shops,” Sec. 8:25.
24. Albuquerque Journal, “End of the Steam Dynasty on the Santa Fe Is in Sight,” February 28, 1954, 26.
25. Albuquerque Journal, “Santa Fe Shop Schedules Fund Meet Thursday,” October 29, 1957, 17.
26. Clovis News-Journal, “Superintendent Retires from the Railroad,” November 4, 1977, 9; Albuquerque Journal, “Obituary for J. B. Hendrix,” August 24, 2014, accessed January 17, 2019, obits.abqjournal.com/obits/print_obit/245120.
27. Crump, Walz, Priest, and Priest, Santa Fe Locomotive Facilities, 2:56.
28. Dodge et al., “Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway Locomotive Shops,” Sec. 9:49.
29. Werkema, “Thirty Years Apart at Albuquerque.”
30. Patrick Trujillo, interview by Richard and Shirley Flint.
31. Boruff, “Albuquerque Modernism: Downtown Urban Redevelopment, 1960s–1970s.”
Chapter 14
1. Mary Toya, interview by Richard and Shirley Flint.
2. Hudspeth Directory Company’s Albuquerque City Directory, 1943, passim.
3. Loaded for War.
4. Major, Female Railway Workers in World War II, 29.
5. Ibid., 69–73.
6. The data cited in this chapter derive from Hudspeth’s Albuquerque City Directory, 1919; Hudspeth Directory Company’s Albuquerque City Directory, 1925; Hudspeth Directory Company’s Albuquerque City Directory, 1943; and Hudspeth’s Albuquerque, Bernalillo County, New Mexico City Directory, 1950.
7. Kornweibel, “The African American Railroad Experience”; Thaggert, “Hand Maidens for Travelers.”
8. Hudspeth’s Albuquerque City Directory, 1919, 129–446.
9. Gibson and Jung, “Historical Census Statistics On Population Totals By Race, 1790 to 1990,” and “By Hispanic Origin, 1970 to 1990, for Large Cities and Other Urban Places in the United States.”
Chapter 15
1. Simmons, “Trail Dust.”
2. Metcalf, “Revitalizing ABQ’s ‘Spine,’” Albuquerque Journal, October 12, 2015.
3. Carr, “Working on the Railroad.”
4. “Urban Land Institute Advisory Services Panel,” 7.
5. “Mayor Tim Keller to Give Artists Access to the Rail Yards,” City of Albuquerque news release, September 21, 2018, accessed July 9, 2019, www.cabq.gov/mayor/news/mayor-tim-keller-to-give-artists-access-to-the-rail-yards.
6. “Tim Keller, Mayor’s 2019 Top State Legislative Priorities,” accessed July 9, 2019, www.abq.gov/mayor/documents.
Chapter 16
1. Westphall, “Albuquerque in the 1870s,” 257.
2. DeMark, “Occupational Mobility and Persistence Within Albuquerque Ethnic Groups, 1880–1910,” 398.
3. Orlando Vigil, recorded interview by Frank Saiz for the Barelas Oral History Project.