Notes

Abbreviations Used in Notes

P&B	Letters and Papers of Emperor Peter the Great, St. Petersburg–Leningrad, 1887–1975.
Sbornik, I.R.I.O.	Collection of the Imperial Russian Historical Society, St. Petersburg, 1867–1916.
Manifesto	Manifesto of the Criminal Process of the Czarewitz Alexei Petrowitz, The Hague, 1718. (Printed in Volume II of The Present State of Russia by Friedrich Christian Weber)

Chapter 1: Old Muscovy

1. MOST RICH AND BEAUTIFUL: Perry, 263.

2. ANOTHER COMMODITY: Olearius, 43.

3. THESE VILLAINS: Weber, I, 128.

4. THE AUTUMNAL RAINS: Paul of Aleppo, 63.

5. THE EARTH SHOOK: Ibid., 26.

6. LIKE A SPARKLING SUN: Jolliife, 217.

7. WE HUMBLY BESEECH YOU: O’Brien, 6.

8. ’TIS DEATH: Collins, 117.

9. TUFTS OF DIAMONDS: Paul of Aleppo, 88.

10. HIS IMPERIAL MAJESTY: Collins, 44.

11. SEVERE IN HIS CHASTISEMENTS: Ibid., 110.

12. BRIGHT EYES OF THE TSAR: Crull, 170.

13. IF HE BE WELL: Collins, 122.

14. BUT THREE MEALS A WEEK: Ibid.

15. N. THE DISCONSOLATE WIDOW: Wilson, 66.

16. THEIR HAIR IS CROPT: Weber, I, 120.

Chapter 2: Peter’s Childhood

1. YOUNG MEN COME: Staehlin, 15.

2. OFFENDERS FOR THE FIRST: Voyce, 93.

4. A FLIGHT OF SCREECH OWLS: Collins, 33.

5. A GOOD AND CLEAN WOMAN: Schuyler, I, 16.

7. THE DOOR OPENED: Ibid., 17.

8. DRAWN BY FOUR DWARF PONIES: Bogoslovsky, I, 30.

9. MADAM, IT IS TIME: Kluchevsky, 2.

10. YOU ARE A GOOD MAN: Ibid., 4.

11. WHICH OF THE TWO: Schuyler, I, 37.

Chapter 3: “A Maiden of Great Intelligence”

1. MY DAUGHTER: Korb, II, 213.

2. BY USING THE WHIP: De Grunwald, 21.

3. SOME OF THESE BARBARIANS: Collins, 9.

4. A MAIDEN OF GREAT INTELLIGENCE!: O’ Brien, 49.

5. THIS ELECTION IS UNJUST: Ibid., 21.

6. THE DEAD SHOULD BURY THE DEAD: Schuyler, I, 38.

7. YOU SEE HOW OUR BROTHER: Ibid.

Chapter 4: The Revolt of the Streltsy

1. BROTHERS, WHY DO YOU: Schuyler, I, 44.

2. BEAT THEM HARDER: Ustryalov, I, 24.

3. EVERYBODY CALLS YOU A FOOL: Schuyler, I, 35.

4. THE NARYSHKINS HAVE MURDERED: Ibid., 49.

5. WE ARE GOING TO THE KREMLIN: Ibid.

6. WE WANT TO PUNISH: Ibid., 50.

7. HERE IS THE LORD TSAR: Ibid.

8. HERE COMES THE BOYAR: Ibid., 54.

9. IF YOU FASTEN THE DOOR: Ibid., 60.

10. YOUR BROTHER WILL NOT ESCAPE: Bogoslovsky, I, 44.

11. GO ON QUICKLY: Schuyler, I, 61.

12. WHAT’S THE USE: Ibid., 62.

13. WE ARE NOW CONTENT: Ibid.

Chapter 5: The Great Schism

1. AS YOUR FIRST SHEPHERD: Billington, 133.

2. n. ALL THEIR CHURCHES: Paul of Aleppo, 19, 20, 26, 29, 64, 68, 70.

3. A GREEN VELVET MANDYA: Ibid., 30.

4. A HABIT OF ATTENDING: Ibid., 32.

5. THE EMPEROR TOOK: Ibid., 74.

6. NIKON’S JANISSARIES: Ibid., 36.

7. WHEN THE COUNCIL MET: Ibid., 35.

8. STUPID CLOWN: Ibid., 85.

9. OF HIS OWN WILL: Ibid., 118.

10. TO REVIEW AND CONFIRM: Ibid., 119.

11. HAST THOU NOT LEARNED: Pipes, 235.

12. I KNOW NEITHER THE OLD NOR THE NEW: Billington, 145.

13. I AM RUSSIAN: Paul of Aleppo, 37.

14. THOU SIMPLE, IGNORANT AND HUMBLE RUSSIA: Billington, 141.

15. WE SHALL BE BURNED AT THE STAKE: De Grunwald, 63.

16. A WOMAN CAME: Avvakum, 44.

17. THEY PAINT THE IMAGE: Ibid., 23.

18. BURNING YOUR BODY: Ibid., 22.

19. THERE IS TERROR: Ibid., 21.

Chapter 6: Peter’s Games

1. BOTH THEIR MAJESTIES SAT: Bogoslovsky, I, 53–5.

2. THEN I KISSED THE RIGHT HAND: Schuyler, I, 106.

3. THE YOUNG TSAR: Ibid.

4. THE NATURAL LOVE AND INTELLIGENCE: Ibid., 103.

5. WHAT KIND OF BOAT IS IT?: Ustryalov, II, App. i, 399.

6. AND MIGHTY PLEASANT IT WAS: Schuyler, I, 112.

7. n. BRING THE BOAT TO SCHLÜSSELBURG: Museum of the Navy, Leningrad.

8. YES, WE CAN BUILD BOATS HERE: Schuyler, I, 113.

9. TO MY BELOVED: P&B, I, No. 6.

10. SECOND LETTER: Ibid., I, No. 7.

11. I WISH TO HEAR ABOUT YOUR HEALTH: Ibid., No. 9.

12. I SALUTE MY LORD: Museum, Pereslavl-Zalessky.

Chapter 7: The Regency of Sophia

1. HER MIND AND HER GREAT ABILITY: Schuyler, I, 170.

2. PEOPLING THE DESERTS: De Grunwald, 64.

3. OH, MY JOY: Ustryalov, I, 238.

4. 20,000 KILLED: Schuyler, I, 166.

5. EVERYONE SAW PLAINLY: Ibid., 168.

6. WITHERED, FALLEN APPLES: Ibid., 173.

7. WE ALWAYS HAVE SORROW: Ibid., 158.

8. TALLER THAN HIS COURTIERS: De Grunwald, 71.

9. THE HEAT AND BITTERNESS: Bogoslovsky, I, 80.

10. RUMORS UNSAFE: Ibid.

Chapter 8: Sophia Overthrown

1. EXCEPT FOR MY PRECAUTIONS: Schuyler, I, 175.

2. LET HIM RUN: Ibid., 176.

3. I SHALL CERTAINLY GO: Ibid., 179.

4. THEY ALMOST SHOT ME: Ibid.

5. HOW DARE YOU: Ustryalov, II, 70.

6. EVIL-MINDED PEOPLE: Schuyler, I, 180.

7. A LONG AND FINE SPEECH.” Ibid., 181.

8. YOU HAD BETTER FINISH: Ibid., 182.

9. THIS SHAMEFUL THIRD PERSON: P&B, I, No. 10.

10. SUCH WISE GOVERNMENT: O’Brien, ix.

11. A PRINCESS ENDOWED: Weber, I, 138.

Chapter 9: Gordon, Lefort and the Jolly Company

1. IGNORANCE AND SIMPLICITY: Schuyler, I, 197.

2. THE TSAR TOLD US: Ibid.

3. MY HEART IS WHOLLY IN MOSCOW: De Grunwald, 77.

4. EXCEEDINGLY BEAUTIFUL: Grey, 199.

5. THE JOY OF THE RUSSES: Primary Chronicle, 97.

6. HANDSOMELY FUDDLED: Collins, 63.

7. WOMEN ARE OFTEN THE FIRST: Korb, I, 100.

8. NEVER OVERCOMES HIM: Schuyler, I, 281.

9. THE PROCESSION WAS: Ibid., 219.

Chapter 10: Archangel

1. FOR SOME YEARS: Schuyler, I, 227.

2. YOU HAVE WRITTEN, O LADY: P&B, I, No. 14.

3. IF YOU ARE GRIEVED: Ibid., Nos. 15, 16.

4. I DUMBLY TELL: Ibid., No. 21.

5. WHAT I HAVE SO LONG: Ibid., No. 29.

6. I BELIEVE: Schuyler, I, 240.

Chapter 11: Azov

1. THERE WAS TALK OF A JOURNEY: Schuyler, I, 240.

2. THE CRIMEAN TATARS ARE BUT A HANDFUL: Sumner, Ottoman, 17.

3. AT KOZHUKHOVO WE JESTED: Ustryalov, II, 228.

4. FULL OF FLOWERS AND HERBS!: Schuyler, I, 245.

5. MOST OF ALL THE DELAY: P&B, I, No. 38.

6. WE SOMETIMES ACTED: Schuyler, I, 245.

7. SUCH WAS THE RESULT: Gordon, 184.

8. GREAT QUANTITIES OF PROVISIONS: Schuyler, I, 248.

9. ACCORDING TO THE DIVINE DECREE: P&B, I, No. 72.

10. OUT OF DANGER: Schuyler, I, 256.

11. IT IS NOT I WHO GO NEAR: P&B, I, No. 99.

12. ANY HEALTHY GOOD SENSE: Ibid., No. 108.

13. CUT OFF MY HEAD: Schuyler, I, 258.

14. WHEN YOUR LETTER CAME: Ibid., 261.

15. IF “THE LABORER IS WORTHY”: P&B, I, No. 122.

16. THE SOVEREIGN HAS DIRECTED: Bogoslovsky, I, 367.

Chapter 12: The Great Embassy to Western Europe

1. MERELY A CLOAK: Ustryalov, II, App. xi, 640.

2. HE TURNED HIS WHOLE MIND: Schuyler, I, 265.

3. HIS SLIGHTEST GESTURE: Gooch, 2.

4. I NEVER TREMBLED: Ibid., 3.

5. I HAVE OFTEN SEEN THE KING: Ziegler, 163.

6. I HAVE NEVER: Ibid., 150.

7. KINGS WHO HAVE A DESIRE: Ibid., 163.

8. DETERMINED THE COURSE: Basil Williams, 378.

9. THEIR DIGNITY AS AMBASSADORS: Sbornik, I.R.I.O., XXXIV, 17.

Chapter 13: “It Is Impossible to Describe Him”

1. A MERRY NIGHT HAS BEEN SPOILED: Schuyler, I, 277.

2. THUS THE LORD GOD: Solovev, VIII, 285.

3. OPEN TABLES: Grey, 101.

4. BAPTIZED BEARS: Ibid.

5. THE ELECTOR IS VERY GOOD: Bogoslovsky, II, 101.

6. I DON’T KNOW: Ibid., 115–16.

7. THESE GERMAN WOMEN: Schuyler, I, 286.

8. A NATURAL, UNCONSTRAINED AIR: Ibid., 285.

9. THE TSAR IS VERY TALL: Ibid.

Chapter 14: Peter in Holland

1. GERRIT … STOP LYING: Scheltema, 89.

2. CERTAINLY, IT IS THE TSAR: Ibid., 91.

3. BRAVO! MARSJE: Schuyler, I, 289.

4. TOO MANY PEOPLE: Ibid.

5. CARPENTER PETER: Scheltema, 112.

6. SOMETIMES FROM WEARINESS: P&B, I, No. 191.

Chapter 15: The Prince of Orange

1. I NOW POSSESS: Bowen, 166.

2. DIE IN THE LAST DITCH: Churchill, I, 86.

3. GOD HELP ME!: Ibid., 257.

4. I AM SURE THAT THIS PEOPLE: Geyl, 133.

5. I WISH I WERE A BIRD: Ibid., 132.

6. I’LL PUT HIM ON MY KNEES: Scheltema, 159.

7. QUICKLY, QUICKLY: Ibid., 141.

8. THEY ARE LATE: Ibid., 142.

9. THE TSAR WAS IN A STATE: Ibid., 110.

Chapter 16: Peter in England

1. SALUTING EACH OTHER: Mitchell & Leys, 163.

2. RIGHT NASTY: Evelyn, III, 334–5.

3. AS IF A REGIMENT: Kluchevsky, 29.

4. TO OFFER HIM SUCH INFORMATION: Burnet, IV, 322.

5. I WAITED OFTEN ON HIM: Ibid.

6. WHOEVER COULD LIVE: Schuyler, I, 305.

7. ON YOUR ORDERS: Grey, 120.

8. ONE OF THE MOST SUBLIME: Carr, 18.

9. IF I WERE TO ADVISE: Staehlin, 40.

10. HE WOULD THROW IT: Grey, 458.

11. TODAY, I HAVE SEEN THE RAREST THING: Schuyler, I, 304.

12. IT IS GOOD TO HEAR: Kluchevsky, 28.

13. THE COURT HERE: Ibid.

14. MORE THAN THEY DESERVED: Grey, 459.

15. THE IMPERIAL CROWN: Ibid.

16. IF HE HAD NOT COME TO ENGLAND: Perry, 165.

17. AN ADMIRAL IN ENGLAND: Ibid., 164.

18. THE ENGLISH ISLAND: Andreev, 88.

Chapter 17: Leopold and Augustus

1. WITH A PERFECTION: Schuyler, I, 311.

2. I THANK GOD: Ibid., 312.

3. HERE HE APPEARS: Bogoslovsky, II, 475.

4. THE KEYS WOULD BE BESTOWED: Waliszewski, 98.

5. A TALL YOUNG MAN: Schuyler, I, 315.

6. I BELIEVE YOU KNOW THE TSAR: De Grunwald, 93.

7. THE TURKS ARE NOT ACCUSTOMED: Schuyler, I, 316.

8. THE SEED OF IVAN MIKHAILOVICH: P&B, I, No. 252.

9. THIS UNSETTLED NATION: Sbornik, I.R.I.O., XXXIX, 222.

10. I CANNOT BEGIN TO DESCRIBE TO YOU: Bogoslovsky, II, 558–9.

11. I PRIZE HIM MORE THAN THE WHOLE OF YOU: Korb, I, 156.

Chapter 18: “These Things Are in Your Way”

1. THE PROMPTITUDE OF THEIR OBSEQUIOUSNESS: Korb, I, 155.

2. TO SHAVE THE BEARD: Maland, 435.

3. GOD DID NOT CREATE MEN BEARDLESS: Ustryalov, II, 193–4.

4. IN A MERRY HUMOR: Perry, 196.

5. THE TSAR CAME: Ibid.

6. SEEING AT A GLANCE: Korb, I, 157.

7. HIS GUMS SWOLLEN: Ibid., 170.

8. SUCH A BRAINLESS ASS: Ibid., 196.

9. THESE THINGS ARE IN YOUR WAY: Ibid., 257.

10. MANY HUNDREDS OF COATS: Perry, 198.

11. IN ALL THIS GREAT CITY: Sbornik, I.R.I.O., XXXIX, 60.

12. VIEW THE MAP: Perry, 235.

13. DISPLAY THEIR HAPPINESS: Dmytryshyn, 10.

Chapter 19: Fire and Knout

1. TODAY FOR THE FIRST TIME: Korb, I, 121.

2. THEY HAD BEEN ORDERED: Schuyler, I, 324.

3. I USED ALL THE RHETORIC: Gordon, 190.

4. KEEPING TIME: Perry, 217.

5. SO MANY STROKES ON THE BARE BACK: Ibid., 218.

6. HANDS AND FEET ARE TIED: Ibid.

7. IF ONE IS PERFORMED: Lebrun, in Weber, II, 403.

8. THE SHARPEST PAIN: Korb, I, 204.

9. IT’S NO SECRET TO ME: Ibid., 202.

10. WE SEE SO MUCH: Wolf, 173.

11. I WENT OUT TO CHARING CROSS: Pepys, I, 265.

12. WHILE ONE ACCOMPLICE: Korb, I, 243.

13. WHAT ARE YOU DOING WITH THAT IMAGE: Ibid., 180.

14. ALAS! WHO KNOWS: Ibid., 136.

15. IT WAS REPORTED: Ibid., 187.

16. so GREAT A DISTRUST: Ibid., 178.

17. HOW LONG: Burnet, IV, 324.

Chapter 20: Among Friends

1. NUMBERS OF MAGNATES: Korb, I, 161.

2. A BARBAROUS AND INHUMAN LAW: Ibid., II, 158.

3. THE TSAR WANTS TO EAT!: Ibid., 157.

4. THE TSAR ORDERED: Ibid., I, 200.

5. DANCING FOLLOWED: Ibid., 201.

6. BOTH OF THEM: Ibid., 163, 171–2.

7. IF THOU WERT A SUBJECT: Ibid., 198.

8. TO LEARN FROM THEM: Ibid., 164.

9. AN INEXPLICABLE WHIRLWIND: Ibid., 188.

10. CUT SHORT THE DISPUTE: Ibid., 216.

11. INQUIRED OF PRINCE ROMODANOVSKY: Ibid., 236.

12. THE GROUND WAS COVERED: Ibid., 217.

13. THE FALSE PATRIARCH: Ibid., 223.

14. THE WEALTHIEST MERCHANT OF MUSCOVY: Ibid.

15. THE PROCESSION TO THE RIVER: Ibid., 224–8.

16. HE THAT BORE THE ASSUMED HONORS: Ibid., 255.

17. THE CROSS: Ibid., 256.

18. THE TSAR COMMANDED HIM TO STAY: Ibid., 264.

19. THE SILENCE AND MODESTY: Ibid., 265.

20. IT WAS A HORRIBLE SPECTACLE: Ibid., 267.

21. A COURIER SENT OFF: Ibid., 208.

22. YOU GERMAN DOGS: Ibid., 248.

23. URBAN, LOSING PATIENCE: Ibid., 172.

24. SOLDIERS IN MUSCOVY: Ibid., 297.

25. THE RARE PROFUSION: Ibid., II, 273.

26. A COLOSSAL WHITE BEAR: Ibid., I, 210.

27. WE SAW ITS HUGE WALLS: Ibid., II, 16.

28. LAID OUT MOST AGREEABLY: Ibid., 25.

Chapter 21: Voronezh and the Southern Fleet

1. TO YOU I COMMIT EVERYTHING: Korb, II, 3.

2. THANK GOD WE HAVE FOUND OUR FLEET: P&B, I, No. 255.

3. HERE, BY GOD’S HELP: Ibid., No. 256.

4. SUPPOSING THAT HER HUSBAND: Korb, I, 272.

5. WHEN THE PASTOR WAS ADMITTED: Ibid., 268.

6. NOW I AM ALONE: Ibid., 272.

7. THE TABLES WERE LAID OUT: Ibid., 274–9.

8. THIS IS THE FIRST TIME: P&B, VI, No. 2081.

9. IN THIS YEAR I HAVE FELT: Gordon, 193.

10. STAY WHERE YOU ARE, FATHER: Korb, II, 232–5.

11. THE STATE HAS LOST IN HIM: De Grunwald, 98.

12. I GET NO SORT: Ibid., 93.

13. THE TSAR IS DESTROYING: Ibid.

14. FROM TIME IMMEMORIAL: Ustryalov, in, 551–2.

Chapter 22: Mistress of the North

1. YOU HAVE SPOKEN LIKE AN HONEST MAN: Adlerfeld, II, 367.

2. A STREAM THAT RUNS THROUGH THE DOMINIONS: Hatton, Europe, 109.

3. RUSSIAN INFANTRY: Schuyler, I, 369.

4. IT WOULD ALSO BE: Ibid.

5. DIVERTING HIMSELF WITH WOMEN: Bogoslovsky, IV, 366.

6. IT IS A PITY: Schuyler, I, 376.

7. I COULD HARDLY CALM YOUR DAUGHTER: Bogoslovsky, IV, 405–6.

8. THE TSAR SENT HIS MINISTERS’. Schuyler, I, 376.

9. THE GREAT TSAR: Grey, 171.

10. OTHER THAN PROFIT: P&B, I, No. 325.

Chapter 23: Let the Cannon Decide

1. NO JUDGE MORE EQUITABLE: Wolf, 211.

2. n. MONSIEUR DE VAUBAN PROPOSED: Churchill, I, 94.

3. GOD WOULD LET NO ONE BE KILLED: Hatton, Charles, 116.