A pope by definition is bishop of Rome. The date of the beginning of his pontificate is the date on which he became bishop of Rome. If the electee was already a bishop, he became bishop of Rome (and, thus, pope) at the time that he accepted election and not at the time of his subsequent coronation. If the electee was not a bishop, he became bishop of Rome (and, thus, pope) at the time of his consecration as bishop. It is this date that is preferred here. The pontificate ended with the death or, occasionally, with the resignation of the pope.
By convention some claimants are called anti-popes, where their claims have not been generally recognized by historians. Yet there will always be room for doubt. These anti-popes are listed in italics.
Symmachus, 498–514
Lawrence, 498–99; 501–06
Hormisdas, 514–23
John I, 523–26
Felix IV (sometimes III), 526–30
Dioscorus, 530
Boniface II, 530–32
John II, 533–35
Agapitus I, 535–36
Silverius, 536–37
Vigilius, 537–55
Pelagius I, 556–61
John III, 561–74
Benedict I, 575–79
Pelagius II, 579–90
Gregory I, 590–604
Sabinian, 604–6
Boniface III, 607
Boniface IV, 608–15
Deusdedit (also, Adeodatus I), 615–18
Boniface V, 619–25
Honorius I, 625–38
Severinus, 640
John IV, 640–42
Theodore I, 642–49
Martin I, 649–54
Eugenius I, 654–57
Vitalian, 657–72
Adeodatus II, 672–76
Donus, 676–78
Agatho, 678–81
Leo II, 682–83
Benedict II, 684–85
John V, 685–86
Conon, 686–87
Theodore, 687
Paschal, 687
Sergius I, 687–701
John VI, 701–5
John VII, 705–7
Sisinnius, 708
Constantine, 708–15
Gregory II, 715–31
Gregory III, 731–41
Zacharias, 741–52
Stephen II (sometimes III), 752–57
Paul I, 757–67
Constantine, 767–68
Philip, 768
Stephen III (sometimes IV), 768–72
Hadrian I, 772–95
Leo III, 795–816
Stephen IV (sometimes V), 816–17
Paschal I, 817–24
Eugenius II, 824–27
Valentine, 827
Gregory IV, 828–44
John, 844
Sergius II, 844–47
Leo IV, 847–55
Benedict III, 855–58
Anastasius, 855
Nicholas I, 858–67
Hadrian II, 867–72
John VIII, 872–82
Marinus I, 882–84
Hadrian III, 884–85
Stephen V (sometimes VI), 855–91
Formosus, 891–96
Boniface VI, 896
Stephen VI (sometimes VII), 896–97
Romanus, 897
Theodore II, 897
John IX, 898–900
Benedict IV, 900–903
Leo V, 903
Christopher, 903 – 04
Sergius III, 904–11
Anastasius III, 911–13
Lando, 913–14
John X, 914–28
Leo VI, 928
Stephen VII (sometimes VIII), 928–31
John XI, 931–35
Leo VII, 936–39
Stephen VIII (sometimes IX), 939–42
Marinus II, 942–46
Agapitus II, 946–55
John XII, 955–64
Leo VIII, 963–65
Benedict V, 964
John XIII, 965–72
Benedict VI, 973–74
Benedict VII, 974–83
John XIV, 983–84
Boniface VII, 974, 984 – 85
John XV, 985–96
Gregory V, 996–99
John XVI, 997 – 98
Sylvester II, 999–1003
John XVII, 1003
John XVIII, 1003–9
Sergius IV, 1009–12
Benedict VIII, 1012–24
Gregory VI, 1012
John XIX, 1024–32
Benedict IX, 1032–44; 1045, ?1047–48
Sylvester III, 1045
Gregory VI, 1045–46
Clement II, 1046–47
Damasus II, 1048
Leo IX, 1049–54
Victor II, 1055–57
Stephen IX (sometimes X), 1057–58
Benedict X, 1058 – 59
Nicholas II, 1058–61
Alexander II, 1061–73
Honorius II, 1061 – 64
Gregory VII, 1073–85
Clement III, 1080, 1084 – 1100
Victor III, 1087
Urban II, 1088–99
Paschal II, 1099–1118
Theodoric, 1100 –01
Albert, 1102
Sylvester IV, 1105–11
Gelasius II, 1118–19
Gregory VIII, 1118 – 21
Calixtus II, 1119–24
Honorius II, 1124–30
Celestine II, 1124
Innocent II, 1130–43
Anacletus II, 1130 –38
Victor IV, 1138
Celestine II, 1143–44
Lucius II, 1144–45
Eugenius III, 1145–53
Anastasius IV, 1153–54
Hadrian IV, 1154–59
Alexander III, 1159–81
Victor IV, 1159–64
Paschal III, 1164–68
Calixtus III, 1168–78
Innocent III, 1179–80
Lucius III, 1181–85
Urban III, 1185–87
Gregory VIII, 1187
Clement III, 1187–91
Celestine III, 1191–98
Innocent III, 1198–1216
Honorius III, 1216–27
Gregory IX, 1227–41
Celestine IV, 1241
Innocent IV, 1243–54
Alexander IV, 1254–61
Urban IV, 1261–64
Clement IV, 1265–68
Gregory X, 1272–76
Innocent V, 1276
Hadrian V, 1276 (never consecrated)
John XXI, 1276–77
Nicholas III, 1277–80
Martin IV, 1281–85
Honorius IV, 1285–87
Nicholas IV, 1288–92
Celestine V, 1294
Boniface VIII, 1295–1303
Benedict XI, 1303–4
Clement V, 1305–14
John XXII, 1316–34
Nicholas V, 1328 – 30
Benedict XII, 1335–42
Clement VI, 1342–52
Innocent VI, 1352–62
Urban V, 1362–70
Gregory XI, 1371–78
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Rome |
Avignon |
Pisa |
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Urban VI (1378–89) |
Clement VII (1378–94) |
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Boniface IX (1389–1404) |
Benedict XIII (1394–1423) |
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Innocent VII (1404–06) |
Alexander V (1409–10) |
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Gregory XII (1406–15) |
John XXIII (1410–15) |
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Martin V, 1417–31
Clement VIII, 1423 – 29
Eugenius IV, 1431–47
Felix V, 1439 – 49
Nicholas V, 1447–55
Calixtus III, 1455–58
Pius II, 1458–64
Paul II, 1464–71
Sixtus IV, 1471–84
Innocent VIII, 1484–92
Alexander VI, 1492–1503