Post-classical history

List of Emperors Named in the Text

Constantine I, later called the Great, St Constantine	306–37
Constantius II	337–61
Julian, known as the Apostate	361–3
Valens	364–78
Theodosius I	379–95
Honorius, emperor in the West	395–423
Arcadius, emperor in the East	395–408
Theodosius II, emperor in the East	408–50
Valentinian III	425–55
Marcian	450–57
Zeno	474–91
Anastasius I	491–518
Justin I	518–27
Justinian I	527–65
Maurice	582–602
Phokas	602–10
Herakleios	610–41
Constans II	641–68
Constantine IV	668–85
Justinian II	685–95
Leontios	695–8
Justinian II (second reign)	705–11
Philippikos	711–13
Anastasios II	713–15
Theodosios III	715–17
Leo III	717–41
Constantine V	741–75
Leo IV	775–80
Constantine VI and his mother Irene	780–90
Constantine VI alone	791–7
Irene alone	797–802
Nikephoros I	802–11
Michael I Rangabe	811–13
Leo V the Armenian	813–820
Michael II of Amorion	820–29
Theophilos	829–42
Michael III with his mother Theodora as regent	842–56
Michael III alone	856–67
Basil I the Macedonian	867–86
Leo VI the Wise	886–912
Alexander	912–13
Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos with regency	913–20
Romanos I Lekapenos	920–44
Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos alone	945–59
Romanos II	959–63
Basil II with regency	963–76
Nikephoros II Phokas	963–9
John I Tzimiskes	969–76
Basil II alone	976–1025
Constantine VIII	1025–8
Romanos III Argyros, first husband of Zoe	1028–34
Michael IV, second husband of Zoe	1034–41
Michael V, adopted by Zoe	1041–2
Zoe and Theodora	1042
Constantine IX, third husband of Zoe	1042–55
Theodora alone	1055–6
Michael VI ‘the Aged’, husband of Theodora	1056–7
Isaac I Komnenos	1057–9
Constantine X Doukas	1059–67
Romanos IV Diogenes	1067–71
Michael VII Doukas	1071–8
Alexios I Komnenos	1081–1118
John II Komnenos	1118–43
Manuel I Komnenos	1143–80
Alexios II Komnenos	1180–82
Andronikos I Komnenos	1182–5
Isaac II Angelos	1185–95
Alexios III Angelos	1195–1203
Alexios IV Angelos and Isaac II	1203–4

During the Latin occupation of Constantinople

Baldwin, count of Flanders	1204–5
Peter of Courtney	1217–19?
Baldwin II	1240–61

Rulers in Nicaea

Theodore I Laskaris	1204–1222
John III Vatatzes	1222–54
Theodore II Laskaris	1254–8
John IV Laskaris	1258–61

In Epiros

Michael I Doukas Komnenos	1205–15
Theodore I Doukas Komnenos	1215–30
Michael II Doukas Komnenos	1230–66/8
Nikephoros I Doukas Komnenos	1266/8–1296/8

In Trebizond

Alexios I Komnenos and his younger brother David Komnenos (1204–12, ruler of Paphlagonia)	1204–22
Manuel I Megas Komnenos	1238–63

After the recapture of Constantinople

Michael VIII Palaiologos	1259–82
Andronikos II Palaiologos	1282–1328
Andronikos III Palaiologos	1328–41
John V Palaiologos	1341–91
John VI Kantakouzenos, rival emperor during the civil war	1347–54
Andronikos IV Palaiologos	1376–9
John VII Palaiologos	1390
Manuel II Palaiologos	1391–1425
John VIII Palaiologos	1425–48
Constantine XI Palaiologos	1449–53

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